{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1169","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1169","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:小儿肺炎怎么引起的_小儿肺炎是怎样引起的等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"小儿肺炎怎么引起的_小儿肺炎是怎样引起的","title":"小儿肺炎怎么引起的_小儿肺炎是怎样引起的","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"9595","isDel":0,"createAt":1513750564857,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"家长们不知道的小儿肺炎误区","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513751200218.jpg\" title=\"家长们不知道的小儿肺炎误区\" alt=\"家长们不知道的小儿肺炎误区\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肺炎的认识误区会导致宝宝们的健康受到严重威胁，因此正确认识小儿肺炎是件刻不容缓的事。下面让我们一起来了解下小儿肺炎的认识误区有哪些，我们又该如何正确护理小儿肺炎呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">家长们不知道的小儿肺炎认识误区有哪些？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">误区一：没发热＝没得小儿肺炎</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">错。虽然发热是小儿肺炎的一个主要症状之一，但并不意味着没发热症状的宝宝就没得小儿肺炎。宝宝患肺炎体温可能会很高，但也可能不发烧，甚至体温低于正常。如冬春季的流行性肺炎、衣原体、支原体性肺炎可无发热或低热现象。并不是所有肺炎患儿都会发热，尤其是新生儿若患有肺炎，有可能会既没有咳嗽也没有体温升高的症状，父母千万不可忽视。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">误区二：肺炎用药没起色，马上换药</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">错。宝宝得了小儿肺炎，当父母的肯定非常着急，吃药后没好转。爸妈们心里就会怀疑，是不是这种药没有效，应该换一种药。但其实有些治疗药物并不是立竿见影的，起效要有一定的时间。原则上，如果病情没有恶化，需配合医生坚持用药</span>3天，再评价疗效，频繁换药不利于疾病控制。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">误区三：肺炎用药有好转，马上停药</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">错。肺炎用药后不再发烧了，父母们就觉得宝宝已经好转，想要停药，这种做法是错误的，因为需用多长时间抗生素，应根据病情、病原、个体情况而定，一定要听从医生指导，如果父母擅自不规则用药，用用停停会造成耐药，从而导致迁延性或慢性肺炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">误区四：未经医生允许，擅自用药</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">错。有些父母知道到药店买了一两种小儿肺炎用药，直接给宝宝吃，这容易导致由病毒、衣原体、支原体、真菌等病原体引起的病情加重。正确的做法是听从医生的分析，选择合适的药物。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">误区五：把宝宝包裹成</span>“粽子”，以免着凉</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">错。患儿的衣物被褥不要太厚，过热会使患儿烦躁，导致呼吸急促，加重呼吸困难。而且，妈妈还应该保持室内空气流通，阳光充足，可减少空气中的致病细菌，阳光中的紫外线还有杀菌作用，因此应该勤开窗户通风。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1169","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1690,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513750564859,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513750564859,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507789271266,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"良药苦口","password":"zx13401068656","level":0,"nickName":"周良药","realName":null,"signName":"良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行！","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1516263139285.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"langlixunta@163.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"9594","isDel":0,"createAt":1513750412589,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"新生儿肺炎是什么引起的","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513750596014.jpg\" title=\"新生儿肺炎是什么引起的\" alt=\"新生儿肺炎是什么引起的\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">宝宝刚出生，没有抵抗力，很容易出现不适症状。新生儿肺炎是最常见的一种新生儿疾病。新生儿肺炎是什么引起的呢？怎样预防新生儿肺炎呢？一起来了解下。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">一、引起新生儿肺炎的原因</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">新生儿大脑皮质对呼吸中枢的调节功能差，吞咽动作不协调，羊水、胎粪、乳汁等易吸入肺内。有严重消化道畸形的患儿，如先天性食管闭锁、严重兔唇裂腭等更易发生误吸。新生儿气管短、管腔内较干燥，其纤毛清除细菌、尘埃的能力差，细菌易下行进入肺部。新生儿肺组织的分化不够完善，肺泡数量少，肺血管相对地丰富，易充血，发生炎症。新生儿免疫功能低下易受病原体的侵犯，如果母亲产前患感染性疾病，病原体可通过胎盘引起胎儿感染，其症状常在产后</span>24小时以内出现。因滞产、胎膜早破、多次阴道检查等而致的产时感染，常使胎儿发生窘迫，以致吸入污染的羊水或阴道分泌物而引起新生儿肺炎。也可由出生后保暖不当、或曾与患呼吸道感染者接触，先发生上呼吸道感染然后向下蔓延而成为肺炎。此外，也可是败血症的一部分表现。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">那么，要如何有效的预防新生儿肺炎呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">二、预防新生儿肺炎</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">新生儿肺炎是可以预防的，而且应该从娘胎里开始。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">羊水或胎粪吸入性肺炎，预防的关键是防止胎儿发生宫内缺氧。母亲在怀孕期间定期做产前检查非常必要，尤其是在怀孕末期，可以及时发现胎儿宫内缺氧的问题，如发现有妊高症、胎位不正、脐带缠绕、受压、过期妊娠等可能引起胎儿宫内缺氧的因素，产科医生会采取相应的监护和治疗措施，以尽量减少吸入性肺炎的发生及减轻疾病的严重程度。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">对于感染引起的新生儿肺炎，从母亲怀孕期间就应该开始预防。怀孕的母亲要做好孕期保健，保持生活环境的清洁卫生，更要注意个人卫生，防止感染性疾病的发生。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">孩子出生后，要给孩子布置一个洁净舒适的生活空间，孩子所用的衣被、尿布应柔软、干净，哺乳用的用具应消毒。父母和其他接触孩子的亲属在护理新生儿时注意洗手。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">特别要强调的是，患感冒的成人要尽量避免接触新生儿，若母亲感冒，应戴口罩照顾孩子和喂奶。对来探访新生儿的客人，要婉言谢绝。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1169","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1713,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513750412593,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513750412593,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507789271266,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"良药苦口","password":"zx13401068656","level":0,"nickName":"周良药","realName":null,"signName":"良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行！","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1516263139285.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"langlixunta@163.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"9593","isDel":0,"createAt":1513750312493,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿肺炎的发病原因","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513750589513.jpg\" title=\"小儿肺炎的发病原因\" alt=\"小儿肺炎的发病原因\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肺炎是感染性疾病中最常见的疾病，那么小儿得肺炎是由什么引起的呢？下面跟小编一起来学习一下。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">大多数新生儿肺炎是生后感染引起的，称晚发型肺炎，主要是家庭中与新生儿密切接触的成员感冒或呼吸道感染后通过飞沫传播给新生儿的</span>;少数是在宫内或分娩过程中感染的。如果不及时治疗会引起呼吸窘迫、甚至窒息，严重者会因为缺氧引起大脑损伤，留下永久的后遗症(如癫痫)。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(一)发病原因</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1.吸入性肺炎 多因吸入胎粪、羊水、乳汁等引起，也可因吞咽反射不成熟、吞咽动作不协调、食管反流或腭裂等因素引起乳汁或分泌物吸入而引起。早产儿及颅脑及患病儿因吞咽功能不协调，反射差或缺如，易发生呕吐物、乳汁吸入性肺炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2.感染性肺炎 感染性肺炎分为宫内、产时感染和生后感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(1)产前、产时感染性肺炎：如为胎儿在宫内感染，多为母亲有感染，通过血行传播所致。产时感染性肺炎多与产科因素有关。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">①产前感染：母孕期受病毒(如巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、风疹病毒等)、细菌、原虫(如弓形体病)、衣原体和支原体等感染，病原体经血行通过胎盘和羊膜侵袭胎儿。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">②产时感染：胎膜早破超过6h，羊水可能被污染，若胎膜早破超过24h以上，发生感染的可能达30%，或羊膜绒毛膜炎时，产道内细菌如大肠埃希杆菌、克雷白杆菌、李斯特菌、B族链球菌等，上行导致感染，或胎儿在宫内吸入污染羊水而致病。另外，急产、滞产或产道未彻底消毒等情况，胎儿在分娩过程中吸入产道内污染的分泌物而发生肺炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(2)出生后感染性肺炎：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">①呼吸道途径：接触新生儿者如患呼吸道感染，其病原体可经飞沫由婴儿上呼吸道向下传播至肺;也可因婴儿抵抗力下降时(如受凉等)，其上呼吸道感染下行引起肺炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">②血行传播感染：患脐炎、皮肤感染、败血症时，病原体经血行传播至肺而引起肺炎。病原体以B组溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希杆菌及巨细胞病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒等多见。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(3)医源性传播感染：医源性感染可由铜绿假单胞菌、厌氧菌及某些致病力低的细菌引起。由于医用器械如吸痰器、雾化器、供氧面罩、气管插管等消毒不严，暖箱湿度过高使水生菌易于繁殖，或使用呼吸机时间过长等引起肺炎;病房拥挤，消毒制度不严，医护人员洗手不勤，将患儿的致病菌带给其他新生儿;广谱抗生素使用过久容易发生真菌性肺炎等。晚发型肺炎最常见于新生儿监护室内，由于慢性肺部疾病需要长期气管插管的新生儿中。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3.其他 护理不当，受凉等也是发生肺炎的诱因。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(二)发病机制</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">吸入性肺炎主要因缺氧刺激，胎儿呼吸而使羊水、胎粪或阴道分泌物吸入，引起吸入性肺炎。其中以胎粪吸入性肺炎最为严重，参见胎粪吸入综合征。乳汁吸入常见于吞咽功能不全、吮乳后呕吐、食管闭锁和唇裂、腭裂等。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">宫内、出生时感染性肺炎的病理改变广泛，肺泡渗出液中含多核细胞、单核细胞和少量红细胞。镜检可见到羊水沉渣，如角化上皮细胞、胎儿皮脂和病原体等。出生后感染性肺炎的病理改变以支气管肺炎和间质性肺炎为主，病变分散，影响一叶或数叶，有时融合成大片病灶，肺不张和肺气肿较易发生。镜检各病灶存在不同阶段的炎性反应。病原学不同，病理变化也不同。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1169","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1612,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513750312497,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513750312497,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507789271266,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"良药苦口","password":"zx13401068656","level":0,"nickName":"周良药","realName":null,"signName":"良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行！","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1516263139285.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"langlixunta@163.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"8642","isDel":0,"createAt":1512354898798,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"宝宝容易得肺炎的原因","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512355480043.jpeg\" title=\"宝宝容易得肺炎的原因\" alt=\"宝宝容易得肺炎的原因\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">冬季怎么预防肺炎呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　一、让孩子适当受点</span>“冻”</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　进入冬季以后，北方气温虽然降低，但长期干燥缺少降水，使得病毒细菌较为活跃，容易侵袭人体而致病。小儿肺炎又多见于三岁以下的孩子，是因为他们的免疫力相对较弱，所以更容易患病。因此，家长必须要做好保暖等防范措施，避免宝宝患病。但需要注意的是，这些防病措施应该是合理有度的，而不应把宝宝藏在过分呵护的</span>“温室”里，禁不得一点风雨。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　二、保暖：适当</span>“冻”着点</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　天一冷家长就忙不迭给孩子加衣服，洗脸洗手也用热水，生怕宝宝着凉生病。殊不知，这样反而容易患病。这是因为孩子本身代谢旺盛，且活动较多，再穿得过厚，稍一动就出汗，出汗时毛孔扩张，这时候吹到凉风很容易就感冒了</span>;而总用热水洗脸洗手也会降低宝宝对寒冷的适应能力。因此，最好的做法是，根据气温变化适当地给宝宝增添衣物，不要“捂”得太厚;平时应循序渐进地养成用凉水洗脸、洗手的习惯，增加宝宝的耐寒能力，从而增强对疾病的免疫能力。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　三、外出：不凑热闹也不闷在屋里</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　对于呼吸道疾病的预防，大多数的家长都知道要少带孩子到人多拥挤、空气流通较差的公共场所，如商场、超市等。但这并不意味着就必须让孩子呆在家里。冬天较冷，我们的居室更多时间是处于门窗紧闭的状态，通风并不好。所以，还是要给孩子户外活动的时间，增强他们对外界空气的适应能力。可以在较温暖的时段例如上午十点以后，带孩子到空气质量较好的公园等地活动活动。如果不是为了看病，也不要带孩子到医院（如探视病人），以免感染疾病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　另外，研究表明烟雾能够明显降低呼吸道的抵抗力，故吸烟的家长尽量不要在孩子面前抽烟。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　四、饮食：不甜也不咸</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　合理饮食也有助于宝宝免疫力的提升。许多家长迁就孩子造成偏食，爱吃甜食或者膨化小食品不离嘴，然而过甜或过咸的饮食都会影响咽喉部的健康。因此，家长应帮助孩子养成良好的饮食习惯，在均衡营养不挑食的基础上，冬季应以清淡饮食为主，多喝水，多补充富含维生素的食物。如果孩子平时抵抗力较差，可以多吃一些菌类食物，如木耳、蘑菇等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　五、感冒及时治，用药要规范</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　肺炎的发生，常常是由于感冒等上呼吸道感染而引起，多因上呼吸道感染治疗不及时，蔓延至气管形成气管炎，再蔓延至肺部即形成肺炎。因此，一旦孩子感冒，即应及时对症治疗，避免病情迁延成为肺炎。如果发现孩子出现咳嗽、有痰或发热（有些孩子如婴儿患肺炎可以没有发热的症状）等表现，家长必须引起重视，及早就医排除肺炎的可能。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　现在很常见的一种情况是，家长爱子心切，一发现孩子有感冒发烧的苗头，马上就带孩子去输液。其实这种做法并不可取。首先，感冒以病毒感染居多，使用抗生素并不对症。其次，一发烧感冒就用抗生素，虽然能在短时间内压制症状，但长期大量应用抗生素，也会抑制身体内正常的菌群，打破人体内环境的平衡，降低自身抵抗力，反而给肺炎等其他严重疾病以可乘之机</span>;滥用抗生素也会产生耐药，使炎症难以消除，给肺炎治疗带来困难。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　因此，得了病一定要及时咨询医生，规范用药。例如感冒发烧，只有当血象较高、高烧</span>38.5℃以上、咳嗽脓痰等出现感染中毒症状时，才应由医生斟酌使用抗生素。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　六、休息、饮水避免复发</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　肺炎的治疗疗程一般为十天左右，很多家长以为孩子不咳嗽不发热了，就是肺炎已经治愈，盲目终断治疗却使病情迁延反复。肺炎属于呼吸道感染，其病原均为空气传播，因此孩子患肺炎及刚刚治愈后最好多在家休息，多饮水，而不要急着上幼儿园，以防交叉感染引起复发。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　如果孩子平时抵抗力较差，容易反复感冒，则可以带孩子测一测微量元素，看看锌、钙、铁等有没有缺失，这些微量元素对机体抵抗力有很大影响，若有缺少应及时补充，增强孩子体质。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　增强孩子身体锻炼是预防患肺炎的最好方法，平时多加注意，不</span>“娇惯”孩子的身体，就一定能增强身体抵抗力。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1169","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1723,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1512354898799,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1512354898799,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507789271266,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"良药苦口","password":"zx13401068656","level":0,"nickName":"周良药","realName":null,"signName":"良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行！","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1516263139285.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"langlixunta@163.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"7242","isDel":0,"createAt":1510205361430,"createBy":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"1516932689@qq.com","updateAt":1521879050007,"updateBy":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"1516932689@qq.com","userId":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"宝宝容易得肺炎的原因有哪些","content":"<p style=\"text-indent: 28px; padding: 0px; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"></span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">疼爱孩子是家长的天性，合理地照顾能帮助孩子健康成长，但如果呵护备至过了头，到了娇惯的份上，那就会适得其反，让孩子变得</span>“弱不禁风”。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">那么大家知道</span></span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">宝宝容易得</span></span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肺炎的原因</span></span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">有哪些</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">吗？希望大家能认真的了解。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 28px; padding: 0px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510205411392.png\" title=\"宝宝容易得肺炎的原因有哪些\" alt=\"宝宝容易得肺炎的原因有哪些\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 28px;padding: 0;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><br/></span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;&nbsp;针对这种情况，医生分析，今年冬季干燥少降水的气候特点给病毒创造了有利的</span>“生存环境”，促使肺炎发病增多；除此以外，家长给孩子过度保暖、迁就孩子偏食习惯以及不合理的治疗用药等也是不可忽视的导致肺炎发生的因素。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　一、让孩子适当受点</span>“冻”</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">进入冬季以后，北方气温虽然降低，但长期干燥缺少降水，使得病毒细菌较为活跃，容易侵袭人体而致病。小儿肺炎又多见于三岁以下的孩子，是因为他们的免疫力相对较弱，所以更容易患病。因此，家长必须要做好保暖等防范措施，避免宝宝患病。但需要注意的是，这些防病措施应该是合理有度的，而不应把宝宝藏在过分呵护的</span>“温室”里，禁不得一点风雨。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　二、保暖：适当</span>“冻”着点</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">天一冷家长就忙不迭给孩子加衣服，洗脸洗手也用热水，生怕宝宝着凉生病。殊不知，这样反而容易患病。这是因为孩子本身代谢旺盛，且活动较多，再穿得过厚，稍一动就出汗，出汗时毛孔扩张，这时候吹到凉风很容易就感冒了；而总用热水洗脸洗手也会降低宝宝对寒冷的适应能力。因此，最好的做法是，根据气温变化适当地给宝宝增添衣物，不要</span>“捂”得太厚；平时应循序渐进地养成用凉水洗脸、洗手的习惯，增加宝宝的耐寒能力，从而增强对疾病的免疫能力。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　三、外出：不凑热闹也不闷在屋里</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　对于呼吸道疾病的预防，大多数的家长都知道要少带孩子到人多拥挤、空气流通较差的公共场所，如商场、超市等。但这并不意味着就必须让孩子呆在家里。冬天较冷，我们的居室更多时间是处于门窗紧闭的状态，通风并不好。所以，还是要给孩子户外活动的时间，增强他们对外界空气的适应能力。可以在较温暖的时段例如上午十点以后，带孩子到空气质量较好的公园等地活动活动。如果不是为了看病，也不要带孩子到医院（如探视病人），以免感染疾病。另外，研究表明烟雾能够明显降低呼吸道的抵抗力，故吸烟的家长尽量不要在孩子面前抽烟。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　四、饮食：不甜也不咸</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">合理饮食也有助于宝宝免疫力的提升。许多家长迁就孩子造成偏食，爱吃甜食或者膨化小食品不离嘴，然而过甜或过咸的饮食都会影响咽喉部的健康。因此，家长应帮助孩子养成良好的饮食习惯，在均衡营养不挑食的基础上，冬季应以清淡饮食为主，多喝水，多补充富含维生素的食物。如果孩子平时抵抗力较差，可以多吃一些菌类食物，如木耳、蘑菇等。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　五、感冒及时治，用药要规范</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肺炎的发生，常常是由于感冒等上呼吸道感染而引起，多因上呼吸道感染治疗不及时，蔓延至气管形成气管炎，再蔓延至肺部即形成肺炎。因此，一旦孩子感冒，即应及时对症治疗，避免病情迁延成为肺炎。如果发现孩子出现咳嗽、有痰或发热（有些孩子如婴儿患肺炎可以没有发热的症状）等表现，家长必须引起重视，及早就医排除肺炎的可能。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">现在很常见的一种情况是，家长爱子心切，一发现孩子有感冒发烧的苗头，马上就带孩子去输液。其实这种做法并不可取。首先，感冒以病毒感染居多，使用抗生素并不对症。其次，一发烧感冒就用抗生素，虽然能在短时间内压制症状，但长期大量应用抗生素，也会抑制身体内正常的菌群，打破人体内环境的平衡，降低自身抵抗力，反而给肺炎等其他严重疾病以可乘之机；滥用抗生素也会产生耐药，使炎症难以消除，给肺炎治疗带来困难。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　六、休息、饮水避免复发</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肺炎的治疗疗程一般为十天左右，很多家长以为孩子不咳嗽不发热了，就是肺炎已经治愈，盲目终断治疗却使病情迁延反复。肺炎属于呼吸道感染，其病原均为空气传播，因此孩子患肺炎及刚刚治愈后最好多在家休息，多饮水，而不要急着上幼儿园，以防交叉感染引起复发。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">如果孩子平时抵抗力较差，容易反复感冒，则可以带孩子测一测微量元素，看看锌、钙、铁等有没有缺失，这些微量元素对机体抵抗力有很大影响，若有缺少应及时补充，增强孩子体质。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">　　</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">找良医网温馨提示：以上就是关于宝宝容易得肺炎的原因有哪些</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">的</span></span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">介绍，希望能对大家有所帮助</span></span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">。当孩子</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">得了病一定要及时咨询医生，规范用药。例如感冒发烧，只有当血象较高、高烧</span>38.5℃以上、咳嗽脓痰等出现感染中毒症状时，才应由医生斟酌使用抗生素。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">另外还要</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">增强孩子身体锻炼是预防患肺炎的最好方法，平时多加注意，不</span>“娇惯”孩子的身体，就一定能增强身体抵抗力。</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">如有身体不适请及时到医院就诊，早日查清病况及早治疗。最后，祝愿大家身体健康！</span></span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 28px;padding: 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