{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1205","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1205","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:新生儿先天性斜颈症状_婴儿先天性斜颈症状等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"新生儿先天性斜颈症状_婴儿先天性斜颈症状","title":"新生儿先天性斜颈症状_婴儿先天性斜颈症状","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"12292","isDel":0,"createAt":1517884777895,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1517884813306,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家向您解答先天性肌性斜颈都有什么症状","content":"

 

因为本病为先天性疾病，所以，早诊断、早治疗是本病的防治关键。重视姿势矫正，对斜颈的儿童应采取正确的姿势纠正最为重要。那么，先天性肌性斜颈有什么症状呢？找良医网告诉您：

\"先天性肌性斜颈都有什么症状\" 


先天性肌性斜颈，在生后头2周内在颈部可摸到圆形或椭圆形较硬的肿块。1～2个月肿块可发展到枣核大小。此后2～3月内便逐渐变小或消失。右侧比左侧要常见。其次注意观察小儿头部姿式，患儿头部常固定在一个正确的位置上，头总偏向有肿块的一侧，面部朝向无肿块的一侧。 　　

 

找良医网在这里告诉各位家长们一些家庭护理和治疗的小偏方：哺乳时，患儿取患侧卧位。睡觉时调整卧位位置，使阳光或灯光照在病侧，发声和发光的玩具以及电视机、录音机等声音也要来自病侧，并可用枕头垫在病侧。母亲坐位横抱患儿时要让病侧向上通过抬头来训练颈部的肌肉。最后，找良医网祝您早日康复，如有其他疾病需要了解的，可以继续关注本网站！


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先天性肌性斜颈，该疾病主要是在出生后前2周内在颈部可摸到圆形或椭圆形较硬的肿块。1～2个月肿块可发展到枣核般大小。在这之后2~3个月内便逐渐变小或消失。右侧比左侧要常见。其次注意观察小儿头部姿式，患儿头部常固定在一个正确的位置上，头总偏向有肿块的一侧，面部朝向无肿块的一侧。先天性肌性斜颈的症状具体表现如下：

　

\"专家为您解答先天性肌性斜颈有哪些症状\"


1、先天性肌性斜颈的发病率约为0.3％-1.9％。

　

2、畸形可在生后即存在，也可在生后2～3周出现；

　

3、颈部包块：发现坚硬而且无疼痛的梭形肿物，与胸锁乳突肌的方向一致，在2～4周内逐渐增大，然后开始退缩，在2～6个月内逐渐消失；

 

4、头颈向一侧偏斜：胸锁乳突肌纤维化、挛缩硬化，从而牵拉颈部，使其偏向一侧；

　

5、头颈活动受限：因为胸锁乳突肌挛缩，从而导致头向健侧偏及向患侧旋转受限；

　　

6、面部变形:患侧面部较对侧变细，两侧面部不匀称。

 

上述就是找良医网专家所介绍的先天性肌性斜颈的一些症状。


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\"先天性斜颈的症状有那些

 

先天性肌性斜颈的症状多表现为：在出生后2周内在颈部可摸到圆形或椭圆形较硬的肿块。1～2个月肿块可发展到枣核大小。此后2～3月内便逐渐变小或消失。右侧比左侧要常见。其次注意观察小儿头部姿式，患儿头部常固定在一个正确的位置上，头总偏向有肿块的一侧，面部朝向无肿块的一侧。找良医网提示该病症的具体表现如下：

 

1、先天性肌性斜颈的发病率约为0.3％-1.9％。

 

2、畸形可在生后即存在，也可在生后2～3周出现；

 

3、颈部包块：发现硬而无疼痛的梭形肿物，与胸锁乳突肌的方向一致，在2～4周内逐渐增大，然后开始退缩，在2～6个月内逐渐消失；

 

4、头颈向一侧偏斜：胸锁乳突肌纤维化、挛缩硬化，从而牵拉颈部，使其偏向一侧；

 

5、头颈活动受限：由于胸锁乳突肌挛缩，导致头向健侧偏及向患侧旋转受限；

 

6、面部变形:患侧面部较对侧变细，两侧面部不对称。

 

找良医网温馨提示：本文以上介绍的就是先天性肌性斜颈的症状，如有不懂的患者，需要及时就医，听听专家的意见！


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歪头视物而影响颈部肌肉发育和面部肌肉发育往往导致歪头的一侧面部较小。为了使患儿能正位视物和取得较好的双眼视功能，患儿必须尽早手术，矫正眼位，以免影响患儿面部及颈部的正常发育。

\"儿童歪头视物

 

儿童歪头视物除了习惯和颈肌挛缩引起以外，更要注意检查眼睛的眼外肌。眼球某些眼外肌由于外伤、炎症、肿瘤等原因会出现麻痹或不全麻痹，而眼肌的麻痹会使眼球位置出现偏斜，双眼的位置出现不一致，导致了复视的出现。而患儿为了消除或减轻复视便撮动头位，使健眼的眼位与患眼的位置一致，这就出现了歪头视物，也称为眼性斜颈。

 

由于各条眼外肌有不同的功能，会出现有些头向右倾斜，有些头向左倾斜，有些下颌收紧，有些下颌向上举，甚至有些患儿的面朝右转或朝左转，要经过仔细的检查、准确的判断究竟是其哪一条眼外肌出现了病变才可能进行正确的手术处理。

 

眼性斜颈除了眼肌麻痹引起之外还会由于休息眼位的先天冲动性眼振引起。由于患儿的眼球不停地振动而无法视物。如果有一个方向眼球不振动或振动较小，患儿为了视清物体，便歪头，将眼球转向振动较小的位置（也叫休息眼位）视物以取得较好的视力。

 

歪头视物而影响颈部肌肉发育和面部肌肉发育往往导致歪头的一侧面部较小。为了使患儿能正位视物和取得较好的双眼视功能，患儿必须尽早手术，矫正眼位，以免影响患儿面部及颈部的正常发育。


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\"01.jpg\"

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患先天性肌斜颈是胸锁乳突肌的先天性单侧挛缩，导致头和颈的不对称畸形，头倾向患侧，下颌转向健侧。是一侧胸锁乳突肌纤维性挛缩、颈部向同侧偏斜的畸形。多因产伤、异常分娩或胎位异常，引起胸锁乳突肌损伤、血肿机化、挛缩而致。先天性肌斜颈是1912年Klippel和Feil报道，称为Klippel-Feil综合征。又称为先天性骨性斜颈或先天性颈椎融合畸形，系指两个或两个以上颈椎融合。主要表现为颈椎缩短。MRI能够明确地显示颈椎融合的节段，并可确定脊髓受压部位和严重程度。所谓先天性肌斜颈，系指出生后即发现颈部向一侧倾斜的畸形，其中因肌肉病变所致者，称之为肌源性斜颈；因骨骼发育畸形所致者，称之为骨源性斜颈。后者十分罕见，先天性肌斜颈是指新生儿一侧胸锁乳突肌挛缩，导致头和颌的不对称畸形，头倾向患侧，下颌转向健侧，头项活动不利的一组病证。本病诊断比较容易，小儿出生后数日至满月后在颈部见到能触摸到，在胸锁乳突肌上部、中部或下部肌性肿块，伴头颈倾斜畸形，即可确诊。

\n

中医学认为，本病是由于小儿颈部经筋受损，瘀血留滞，聚而不散，致使经筋挛缩弓愧，若发生日久失治，导致筋强、筋结则难以治愈，或误治引起新的创伤，造成不良后果。治疗原则为活血化瘀，软坚散结，矫正畸形。《医正按摩要求》曰：“按摩者，开通闭塞。”《医宗金鉴》曰：“按其经络以通郁闭之气，摩其雍聚以散瘀结之肿，其患可愈。”西医一般认为是由产伤引起胸锁乳突肌挛缩而造成的畸形，先天性肌性斜颈病理表现为患侧胸锁乳突肌纤维化和挛缩。早期采用非手术疗法如手法矫正、热敷等多数患儿可恢复正常。l岁以下的婴幼儿采取保守疗法可达到70%的治愈率；大于1岁的婴幼儿则尽量采用手术方式。大龄儿童由于其胸锁乳突肌挛缩严重以及颈阔肌或筋膜发生挛缩单纯松解术效果不佳采用双极松解术较好。

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病理原因编辑

\n

关于先天性肌斜颈，一些人抱着侥幸的心态，认为随着年龄增加会自然而然地恢复正常的，关系不大。也有些人认为既然脖子歪了就应该手术治疗，这又会矫枉过正。因此，正确认识是否有头位不正，并分清是斜颈、偏头，还是颈椎发育异常等这是个很重要的问题。

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偏头可调整睡眠姿势矫正

\n

孩子头向一侧偏，严重的连脸都是偏的。形成这种现象的原因有三种：

\n

一是偏头这是由于孩子习惯了在胎内时的体位，总以某一固定姿势睡觉，导致总压迫某一侧头部造成的。有时家长用枕头去矫正，但往往无效，孩子把枕头搁在一边，仍然朝他习惯的方向睡。

\n

二是斜颈的孩子头也偏着，但导致原因却是脖子上的胸锁乳突肌异常。在胎儿期由于某种体位可能会引起这块肌肉血液供应不好，也可能分娩时胎儿这块肌肉由于牵拉过度而发生血肿，最后纤维化而导致肌肉异常挛缩。当孩子仰卧时，哪怕外行人都会在患侧颈部摸到像成人拇指第一节大小的硬结，明确诊断非常容易。

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三是颈椎发育畸形，这种情况比较少见，但由于颈椎椎体结构异常，很容易造成移位而发生危险。因此需要十分的小心。

\n

偏头和斜颈的治疗各不相同，对偏头者可以用调整母子睡眠位置的方法来矫正，比如：孩子原先总向右睡，你可以把他的小床放到他必须向左睡才能看到妈妈的位置。

\n

为了找妈妈，他会渐渐地习惯反方向睡。还可以把其卧姿的反方向调为对着亮光，对着窗户，看得见其他人活动，总之是孩子关心、爱看的方向，也可以慢慢地纠正他的睡姿。当孩子渐渐地长大学会抬头、翻身、坐、爬、站时，随着体位的不断改变，头形也在不断变化。一般在一岁左右偏头就能自愈。

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病理症状编辑

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常见的症状是，孩子在出生数日，可摸到孩子的一侧胸锁乳突肌的中下段有肿块，肿块表现为硬结，摸起来像一条紧绷的绳索，可随肌肉移动，两侧对比，患侧（即发生病变的一侧）胸锁乳突肌挛缩变短。

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由于一侧胸锁乳突肌紧张，患有小儿肌性斜颈的孩子头部会倾向患侧，而脸面则会转向健侧（即没有发生病变的一侧）。如果不及时就诊，孩子半岁到一岁时，会造成眼睛斜视，患侧脸面、眼睛变小，面部不对称，严重的还可能产生继发性的胸椎侧凸畸形。

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有的患儿开始时症状不明显，不易发现。因此，新生儿的家长应在孩子出生数日后仔细检查孩子的颈部是否有肿块，另外，如果发现孩子的头部总喜欢偏向一侧，如勉强转动拨正，会引起孩子哭闹，并很快转回原位，也应该引起警惕。

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1.颈部肿块这是母亲或助产士最早发现的症状一般于出生后即可触及位于胸锁乳突肌内火罐网呈梭形火罐网长2-4cm，宽1-2cm质地较硬无压痛健康搜索于生后第3周时最为明显，3个月后即逐渐消失一般不超过半年。

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2.斜颈于出生后即可为细心的母亲发现患儿头斜向肿块侧(患侧)。半月后更为明显鵻，并随着患儿健康搜索的发育健康搜索斜颈畸形日益加重。

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3.面部不对称一般于2岁以后健康搜索，即显示面部五官呈健康搜索不对称状，主要表现为：

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先天性肌斜颈

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(1)患侧眼睛下降：由于胸锁乳突肌挛缩健康搜索，致使患者眼睛位置由原来的水平状向下方移位，而健侧眼睛则上升。

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(2)下颌转向健侧：亦因胸锁乳突肌收缩之故健康搜索致使患侧乳突前移而出现整个下颌(颏部)向对侧旋转变位。

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(3)双侧颜面变形：由于头部旋转，致双侧面孔大小不健康搜索一健侧丰满呈圆形患侧则狭而平。

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(4)眼外角线至口角线变异：测量双眼外角至同侧口角线的距离显示患侧变短，且随年龄增加而日益明显

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除以上表现外患儿整个面部，包括鼻子、耳朵等均逐渐呈现不对称性改变，并于成年时基本定型，此时如行手术矫正，颌面部外形更为难看健康搜索。因此健康搜索对其治疗力争在学龄前进行，不宜迟于12岁。

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4.其他

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(1)伴发畸形健康搜索：可检查有无髋关节脱位、颈椎椎骨畸形等。

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(2)视力障碍：因斜颈引起双眼不在同一水平位上易产生视力疲劳而影响视力。

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(3)颈椎侧凸鵻：主要是由于头颈旋向健侧，因而引起向健侧的代偿性侧凸健康搜索

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并发症：常引起颈椎向健侧代偿性侧凸。

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病理诊断编辑

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本病火罐网的诊断多无困难，关键是应争取及早发现，以获得早期治疗而提高疗效及降低手术治疗者的比例火罐网因此鵻对新生儿在做全身检查时应注意以下几点：

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1.双侧颈部是否对称。

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2.双侧胸锁乳突肌内有无肿块

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3.头颈是否经常向同一方向倾斜。

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以上3点均为本病的早期发现发现愈早愈好。

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诊断要点

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头部即有向一侧旋转和偏斜的倾向。胸锁乳突肌中下段有一花生米大小的肿块，可有轻度压痛。5-8个月后逐渐消退，但胸锁乳突肌挛缩，呈硬索状，并将枕部拉向患侧，使下颌转向健侧肩部。如不治疗，可导致面部不对称畸形。面部健侧饱满，患侧变小；患侧眼、耳平面较健侧低；两眼不在一个水平线上；两眼裂连线与口左右角连线不相平行，其延线相交于患侧。严重者还可导致颈椎侧凸畸形。X线颈椎平片可见颈椎凸向健侧，上胸椎凸向患侧。根据典型的体征多可作出诊断，但应与其他原因引起的斜颈相鉴别，如骨性斜颈、颈椎结核、炎性斜颈、痉挛性斜颈和眼性斜颈等。

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鉴别诊断编辑

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1.颈部淋巴结炎婴儿患此种疾患时，头颈同样可向患侧倾斜，但此时肿块伴有明显的压痛，且与胸锁乳突肌不鵻在同健康搜索一部位易于区别。

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先天性肌斜颈--CT

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先天性肌斜颈--CT

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2.颈椎椎骨畸形多系先天性椎骨融合畸形所致可根据X线平片所见及对胸锁乳突肌检查等加以鉴别。

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3.其他包括各种骨关节伤患健康搜索，如颈椎结核自发性寰枢椎脱位等，均应注意鉴别少见的脊髓灰质炎后遗症亦可包括斜颈畸形此外，如癔症性斜颈、习惯性斜视及颈部扭伤后肌肉痉挛性斜颈等均易混淆应除外诊断。

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并发症编辑

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婴儿出生后，一侧胸锁乳突肌即有肿块，不易辨认，生后10天至2周肿块变硬、不活动，呈梭形，5至8个月逐渐消退，胸锁乳突肌纤维萎缩、变短、呈条索状，牵拉枕部偏向患侧，下颌转向健侧肩部，面部健侧饱满，患侧变小，眼睛不在一个水平线，严重者导致颈椎侧凸畸形。

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先天性肌斜颈

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先天性肌斜颈

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鉴别编辑

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一、先天性骨性斜颈

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本症多系先天性枕颈部畸形所致，包括短颈畸形、颅底凹陷、半椎体畸形、寰枕融合及齿状突发育畸形。上述疾病可造成斜颈及面部不对称，但一般不会产生胸锁乳突肌的典型条索状挛缩带及肿块，X线检查可明确上述诊断。

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二、小儿颈部淋巴腺炎

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婴儿期患有颈部淋巴腺炎，可迅速发生斜颈并可出现颈部肿块，但此肿块往往压痛明显并不位于胸乳头肌之内。

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先天性肌斜颈

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先天性肌斜颈

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三、自发性寰枢椎旋转性半脱位

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寰枢椎旋转性半脱位同样可以引起斜颈，但此病多有轻微外伤或上呼吸道感染病史，主要表现为颈部旋转运动受限及颈部疼痛症状明显，胸锁乳突肌无紧张条索带，X线检查可鉴别。

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四、颈椎结核

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颈椎结核可使胸锁乳突肌痉挛而产生斜颈，但此类患者颈部疼痛明显，颈部活动明显受限，下颌偏向患侧，X线检查可明确诊断。

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此外，还需与癔症性斜颈、习惯性斜颈、损伤性斜颈、小儿麻痹后遗症所引起的斜颈相鉴别。

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