{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1321","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1321","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:新生儿遗传代谢病症状_新生儿遗传代谢病表现等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"新生儿遗传代谢病症状_新生儿遗传代谢病表现","title":"新生儿遗传代谢病症状_新生儿遗传代谢病表现","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"12271","isDel":0,"createAt":1517820902117,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家向您解答小儿遗传代谢病的表现有哪些","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px;\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">遗传代谢病</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">的诊断有赖于各项实验室检查。根据临床特点和病史，由简到繁，由初筛到精确，选择相应的实验检查，其临床表现为：神经系统智能障碍、激惹或淡漠、惊厥、运动障碍、嗜睡昏迷、肌张力改变、消化系统、喂养困难、食欲不振、恶心呕吐、黄疸肝大、腹胀腹泻、肝功异常、代谢紊乱、低血糖、高氨血症、代谢性酸中毒、酮中毒、乳酸酸中毒、呼吸循环、呼吸窘迫、心力衰竭、心律异常。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1517821389262.jpg\" title=\"专家向您解答小儿遗传代谢病的表现有哪些\" alt=\"专家向您解答小儿遗传代谢病的表现有哪些\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、尿液的检查　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(1)尿的色泽与气味：有些代谢产物从尿液中大量排出，可使尿液呈现特殊的颜色和气味。如尿蓝母使尿呈蓝色;而尿黑酸呈蓝—棕色;卟啉则呈红色。如前所述，尿液的特殊嗅味更有提示作用。　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(2)尿液中还原物试验：尿液中的半乳糖、果糖、葡萄糖、草酸、4—羟基苯丙酮酸等还原物质均可检出，为进一步选择检查提供帮助。　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(3)尿液筛查试验，常用的有：三氯化铁试验，二硝基苯肼(DNPH)试验，硝普盐试验，甲苯胺蓝试验。　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、血液生化检测 如血糖、血电解质、肝肾功能、胆红素、血氨、血气分析等项检查。　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、氨基酸分析 可进行血、尿液氨基酸分析，指征是：　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(1)家族中已有确诊为遗传性代谢病患者或类似症状疾病患者;　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(2)高度怀疑为氨基酸、有机酸代谢缺陷者(有代谢性酸中毒、酮尿症、高氨血症、低血糖、血及尿肌酐含量降低、尿路结石等);　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(3)不明原因的脑病(昏睡、惊厥、智能障碍等);　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(4)疾病饮食治疗监测。　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、有机酸分析 人体内的有机酸来源于碳水化合物;脂肪酸、氨基酸代谢以及饮食、药物等，可通过尿液、血浆、脑脊液等进行有机酸分析，以尿液最为常用。其指征大致同氨基酸分析：　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(1)不明原因的代谢异常;　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(2)疑诊为有机酸或氨基酸病;　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(3)疑为脂肪酸代谢及能量代谢障碍　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(4)不明原因的肝大、黄疸等;　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(5)不明原因的神经肌肉疾病;　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(6)多系统进行性损害等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1321","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1436,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1517820902119,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1517820902119,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507789271266,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"良药苦口","password":"zx13401068656","level":0,"nickName":"周良药","realName":null,"signName":"良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行！","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1516263139285.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"langlixunta@163.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"11323","isDel":0,"createAt":1516261932358,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家告诉您遗传代谢病的症状","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 32px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 32px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1516262796364.jpg\" title=\"专家告诉您遗传代谢病的症状\" alt=\"专家告诉您遗传代谢病的症状\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:32px;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:32px;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">在医疗告诉发展的今天，遗传疾病已经不是太过于棘手的病症，如果早发现，早治疗的话，也有可能恢复，比如新生儿遗传代谢病，该病的检查是一种简易、快速和廉价血斑试验。通过这种筛查可以及早发现孩子是否患有先天性遗传病，并进行及时的治疗，使其健康成长。找良医网带您了解一下怎样预防：</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:32px;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:32px;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">遗传代谢病近年逐渐成为导致新生儿死亡和残疾的主要原因，尤其是在实行计划生育的今天，更应努力降低此类疾病的危害。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:32px;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:32px;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">遗传代谢病的检测技术难度高大分子类的需要采用生化方法进行酶学活性检测，目前国内只有北京中科医学检验所、北京协和医院、上海新华医院等几家单位可以检测。小分子类的多采用液相串联质谱（</span>LC-MS/MS）技术可以做到用一滴血样，在几分钟内一次分析近百种代谢物，检测多种遗传代谢病，可以说是目前世界上最先进、最省钱、最高效的筛查方法。世界发达国家都普遍采用这一技术进行新生儿的筛查。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:32px;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:32px;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">目前，在我国每年</span>2000多万的出生人口中，约有40万到50万的儿童患有遗传代谢病。它给患儿家庭和社会带来了巨大的危害。所以家长朋友们需要注意，如有各种不舒服，感觉上不对的，尽可能的进行检查，排除任何疾病是最根本的，找良医网祝您身体健康！</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1321","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1487,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1516261932360,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1516261932360,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507789271266,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"良药苦口","password":"zx13401068656","level":0,"nickName":"周良药","realName":null,"signName":"良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行！","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1516263139285.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"langlixunta@163.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"10707","isDel":0,"createAt":1515488079034,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"遗传代谢病的临床表现是什么","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1515488892163.jpg\" title=\"遗传代谢病的临床表现是什么\" alt=\"遗传代谢病的临床表现是什么\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%;\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">遗传代谢病的临床表现</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">有神经系统非常、代谢性酸中毒和酮症、重大吐逆、肝脏肿大或肝功能不全、特殊气息、容貌怪异、皮肤和毛发非常、眼部非常、耳聋等，多数</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">遗传代谢病</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">伴随神经系统非常，在新生儿期发病者可表现为急性脑病，形成痴呆、脑瘫、乃至昏倒、灭亡等重大并发症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">一、尿液</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">非常气息、酮体屡次阳性等提醒有代谢缺点病的可能性；尿液中的酮酸可用</span>2，4-二硝基苯肼法（DNPH）测试，断定有无有机酸尿的可能。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">二、低血糖</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">新生儿低血糖可以是由摄人食物中的某些成分所诱发，也可能是因为内在代谢缺点而不能保持血糖水平，或者因为两种因素的共同作用。当新生儿低血糖产生于进食以后、补给葡萄糖的效果不显；或伴随明显的重症酮中毒和其他代谢杂乱；或经常发作时，均提醒遗传性代谢缺点的可能性，应斟酌以下情况：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、内分泌短缺：如胰高糖素短缺、多种垂体激素短缺（垂体发育不全）、原发性肾上腺皮质或髓质功能减低等，内分泌过多如综合征、胰岛细胞增多症</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、遗传性碳水化合物代谢缺点：如I型糖原积累病、果糖不耐症、半乳糖血症、糖原分解酶短缺、果糖l，6-二磷酸酶短缺</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、遗传性氨基酸代谢缺点：如枫糖尿症、丙酸血症；甲基丙二酸血症、酪氨酸血症等。低血糖产生急骤者，临床呈现高音调哭闹、发绀、肌张力减低、体温不升、呼吸不规则、吐逆、惊厥、昏倒等症状；起病藏匿者则以反响差、嗜睡、拒食等为主。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">三、高氨血症</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">除新生儿败血症和肝炎等所引致的肝功能衰竭之外，新生儿期的高氨血症经常是</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">遗传代谢病</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">所形成，且起病多数急骤。患儿出生时失常而在喂食奶类数往后渐渐呈现嗜睡、拒食、吐逆、肌力消退、嗟叹呼吸、惊厥和昏倒，乃至灭亡。偶然可见到瓜代性肢体强直和不失常举措等。很多代谢缺点可招致高氨血症，由尿素轮回酶缺点惹起者常伴随轻度酸中毒；而因为支链氨基酸代谢杂乱惹起的则伴中、重度代谢性酸中毒。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1321","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1472,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1515488079036,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1515488079036,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507776522121,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"海绵宝宝","password":"hgs1990623110","level":0,"nickName":"张宝宝","realName":null,"signName":"找良医网","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"573253266@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":5,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"7355","isDel":0,"createAt":1510365103827,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":1522654410790,"updateBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"梅油油","userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"遗传代谢病症状","content":"<p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">遗传代谢病是因维持机体正常代谢所必需的某些由多肽和（或）蛋白组成的酶、受体、载体及膜泵生物合成发生遗传缺陷，即编码这类多肽（蛋白）的基因发生突变而导致的疾病。又称遗传代谢异常或先天代谢缺陷。</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">遗传代谢病的累及系统及常见临床表现</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">：</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"></span><br/></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510365235003.jpg\" title=\"遗传代谢病症状\" alt=\"遗传代谢病症状\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">　　1、神经系统</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">：</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">智能障碍</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">激惹或淡漠</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">惊厥</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">运动障碍</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">嗜睡昏迷</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">肌张力改变</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">　　2、消化系统</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">：</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">喂养困难</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">食欲不振</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">恶心呕吐</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">黄疸肝大</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">腹胀腹泻</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">肝功异常</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">　　3、代谢紊乱</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">：</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">低血糖</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">高氨血症</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">代谢性酸中毒</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">酮中毒</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">乳酸酸中毒</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">　　4、呼吸循环</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">：</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">呼吸窘迫</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">心力衰竭</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">、</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">心律异常</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1321","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1484,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1510365103829,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1510365103829,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1508461864166,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"梅油油","password":"kongbaige113","level":0,"nickName":"梅油油","realName":null,"signName":"。。。。。","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1508466006878.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"541586403@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":5,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"1682","isDel":0,"createAt":1488880954421,"createBy":"9238d37e020b11e7a61c00163e04584d","createName":"良医资讯","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"9238d37e020b11e7a61c00163e04584d","title":"遗传代谢病的症状","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 37px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"1488881124249.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1488881124249.jpg\" alt=\"01.jpg\" /></span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">遗传代谢病致病原因定位在</span>13q14.3，其发病机制迄今未名，现认为其基本代谢缺陷是肝脏不能正常合成血浆铜蓝蛋白，铜与铜蓝蛋白的结合力下降以致自胆汁中排出铜量减少。人铜蓝蛋白基因位于3q23&mdash;25，其基因突变与本病相关，目前发现6种移码突变导致编码蛋白功能障碍铜蓝蛋白无法与铜结合。铜是人体所必需的微量元素之一，人体新陈代谢所需的许多重要的酶，如过氧化物歧化酶、细胞色素C氧化酶、酪氨基酶、赖氨酸氧化酶和铜蓝蛋白等，都需铜离子的参与合成。但机体内铜含量过多、高浓度的铜会使细胞受损和坏死，导致脏器功能损伤。其细胞毒性可能铜与蛋白质、核酸过多结合，或使各种膜的脂质氧化，或是产生了过多的氧自由基，破坏细胞的线粒体、溶酶体等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">临床表现</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">神经系统异常、代谢性酸中毒和酮症、严重呕吐、肝脏肿大或肝功能不全、特殊气味、容貌怪异、皮肤和毛发异常、眼部异常、耳聋等，多数遗传代谢病伴有神经系统异常，在新生儿期发病者可表现为急性脑病，造成痴呆、脑瘫、甚至昏迷、死亡等严重并发症。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\">1.尿液</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">异常气味、酮体屡次阳性等提示有代谢缺陷病的可能性；尿液中的</span>&alpha;-酮酸可用2，4-二硝基苯肼法（DNPH）测试，判断有无有机酸尿的可能。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\">2.低血糖</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">新生儿低血糖可以是由摄人食物中的某些成分所诱发，也可能是因为内在代谢缺陷而不能保持血糖水平，或者由于两种因素的共同作用。当新生儿低血糖发生于进食以后、补给葡萄糖的效果不显；或伴有明显的重症酮中毒和其他代谢紊乱；或经常发作时，均提示遗传性代谢缺陷的可能性，应考虑以下情况：</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>1）内分泌缺乏 如胰高糖素缺乏、多种垂体激素缺乏（垂体发育不全）、原发性肾上腺皮质或髓质功能减低等，内分泌过多如Beckwith-Wiedemann综合征、胰岛细胞增多症；</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>2）遗传性碳水化合物代谢缺陷 如I型糖原累积病、果糖不耐症、半乳糖血症、糖原合成酶缺乏、果糖l，6-二磷酸酶缺乏；</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>3）遗传性氨基酸代谢缺陷 如枫糖尿症、丙酸血症；甲基丙二酸血症、酪氨酸血症等。低血糖发生急骤者，临床呈现高音调哭闹、发绀、肌张力减低、体温不升、呼吸不规则、呕吐、惊厥、昏迷等症状；起病隐匿者则以反应差、嗜睡、拒食等为主。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\">3.高氨血症</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">除新生儿败血症和肝炎等所引致的肝功能衰竭以外，新生儿期的高氨血症常常是遗传代谢病所造成，且起病大都急骤。患儿出生时正常而在喂食奶类数日后逐渐出现嗜睡、拒食、呕吐、肌力减退、呻吟呼吸、惊厥和昏迷，甚至死亡。有时可见到交替性肢体强直和不正常动作等。许多代谢缺陷可导致高氨血症，由尿素循环酶缺陷引起者常伴有轻度酸中毒；而由于支链氨基酸代谢紊乱引起的则伴中、重度代谢性酸中毒。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">检查</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\">1.遗传代谢病的种类</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">种类繁多，涉及到各种生化物质在体内的合成、代谢、转运和储存等方面的先天缺陷根据累及的生化物质，可分为以下几类：</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>1）大分子类 ①溶酶体贮积症 主要包括：戈谢病、法布里病（Fabry病）、异染性脑白质营养不良、球形细胞脑白质营养不良、GM1神经节苷脂贮积症、GM2黑蒙性痴呆（Tay-Sachs病）、Sanhoff病、尼曼-匹克病、糖原贮积症II型（pompe）、岩藻糖苷贮积症、甘露糖苷贮积症、&beta;-甘露糖苷增多症、天冬氨酰氨基葡糖尿症、MPSⅠ、MPSⅡ、MPSⅢA、MPSⅢB、MPSⅢC、MPSⅢD、MPSⅣA、MPSⅣB、MPSⅥ、MPSⅦ、MPSIX、MLⅡ及Ⅲ、NCL婴儿型、NCL晚期婴儿型、Farber病、唾液酸贮积症、Wolman病等等。②线粒体病 主要包括：母系遗传Leigh综合征，线粒体肌病，多系统疾病：心肌病、进行性眼外肌麻痹、Leer遗传性视神经病、线粒体肌病、肌病、糖尿病和耳聋、共济失调舞蹈病、细胞外基质慢性游走性红斑、进行性眼外肌麻痹、铁粒幼细胞贫血、MERRF-线粒体肌病、肌阵挛（癫痫）、线粒体脑肌病、MERRF、线粒体肌病、共济失调并发色素性视网膜炎、家族性双侧纹状体坏死、共济失调并发色素性视网膜炎、家族性双侧纹状体坏死、骨骼肌溶解症、婴儿猝死综合征。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>2）小分子类 ①糖代谢缺陷 半乳糖血症、果糖不耐症、糖原累积病、蔗糖和异麦芽糖不耐症、乳酸及丙酮酸酸中毒等。②氨基酸代谢缺陷 苯丙酮尿症、酪氨酸血症、黑酸尿症、白化病、枫糖尿症、异戊酸血症、同型胱氨酸尿症、先天性高氨血症、高甘氨酸血症等。③脂类代谢缺陷 如肾上腺脑白质营养不良、GML神经节苷脂病、GM2神经节苷脂病、中链脂肪酸酰基辅酶A脱氢酶缺乏、尼曼匹克病和戈雪病等。④金属代谢病 如肝豆状核变性（wilton病）和Menkes病等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\">2.遗传代谢病的代谢紊乱</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">本病的代谢紊乱表现为以下几个方面：</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>1）代谢终末产物缺，正常人体所需的产物合成不足或完全不能合成，临床上出现相应症状，如缺乏葡萄糖&mdash;6&mdash;磷酸酶的糖原累积症，肝糖原分解葡萄糖不足，在饥饿或进食延迟时出现低血糖。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>2）受累代谢途径的中间和（或）旁路代谢产物蓄积，引起相应的细胞、器官肿大，出现毒性反应和代谢紊乱，如苯丙酮尿症、半乳糖血症等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>3）代谢途径受阻，物质的供能和功能障碍导致供能不足，如糖代谢缺陷、先天性高乳酸血症等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\">3.遗传代谢病常见的症状与体征</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">本病的临床症状多种多样，随年龄不同尚有差异，全身各器官均可受累。大多有神经系统受累的表现以及消化系统的症状，此外还有代谢紊乱，容貌异常，毛发皮肤色素改变，尿液的特殊气味等。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">诊断</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">有赖于各项实验室检查。根据临床特点和病史，由简到繁，由初筛到精确，选择相应的实验检查。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\">1.尿液的检查</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>1）尿的色泽与气味 有些代谢产物从尿液中大量排出，可使尿液呈现特殊的颜色和气味。如尿蓝母使尿呈蓝色；而尿黑酸呈蓝&mdash;棕色；卟啉则呈红色。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>2）尿液中还原物试验 尿液中的半乳糖、果糖、葡萄糖、草酸、4&mdash;羟基苯丙酮酸等还原物质均可检出，为进一步选择检查提供帮助。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>3）尿液筛查试验 常用的有三氯化铁试验，二硝基苯肼（DNPH）试验，硝普盐试验，甲苯胺蓝试验。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\">2.血液生化检测</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">如血糖、血电解质、肝肾功能、胆红素、血氨、血气分析等项检查。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\">3.氨基酸分析</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">可进行血、尿液氨基酸分析，指征是：</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>1）家族中已有确诊为遗传性代谢病患者或类似症状疾病患者；</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>2）高度怀疑为氨基酸、有机酸代谢缺陷者（有代谢性酸中毒、酮尿症、高氨血症、低血糖、血及尿肌酐含量降低、尿路结石等）；</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>3）不明原因的脑病（昏睡、惊厥、智能障碍等）；</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>4）疾病饮食治疗监测。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\">4.有机酸分析</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">人体内的有机酸来源于碳水化合物；脂肪酸、氨基酸代谢以及饮食、药物等，可通过尿液、血浆、脑脊液等进行有机酸分析，以尿液最为常用。其指征大致同氨基酸分析：</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>1）不明原因的代谢异常；</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>2）疑诊为有机酸或氨基酸病；</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>3）疑为脂肪酸代谢及能量代谢障碍；</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>4）不明原因的肝大、黄疸等；</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>5）不明原因的神经肌肉疾病；</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">（</span>6）多系统进行性损害等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">鉴别诊断</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">拒食、呕吐、腹泻等颇为常见，这些症状常在进食后不久发生；持续黄疸伴生长迟缓者常见于</span>crigler-Najjar综合征、&alpha;1-抗胰蛋白酶缺陷、过氧化酶体病、胆汁酸代谢障碍、C型Niemann-Pick病（慢性神经型）、Byler病等；脂肪酸氧化障碍和尿素循环酶缺陷者可呈现Reye综合症样症状；肝肿大伴有低血糖和惊厥发作者常提示（Ⅰ或Ⅲ型）糖原累积病和高胰岛素血症等；肝功能衰竭症状（黄疸、出血症状、转氨酶增高、腹水等）出现时应考虑半乳糖血症、Ⅰ型酪氨酸血症、果糖不耐症和呼吸链功能障碍等疾病；各种原因所造成的肝细胞功能衰竭时都可在临床上发生糖尿、低血糖、高氨血症、高乳酸血症、高酪氨酸血症、高甲硫氨酸血症等情况，必须注意鉴别。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">治疗</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; text-indent: 37px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span 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