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style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　近日，国际治疗胶质瘤治疗研究领域传来两个让人欣喜的前沿消息：</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\">　　<span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1. </span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">杜克癌症研究所的研究人员发现了胶质母细胞瘤（</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">GBM</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">）患者中缺失的</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞的踪迹，它们被大量的隔离在骨髓中，骨髓中</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞的隔离是</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞功能障碍的肿瘤适应性模式，其逆转或可成为一种有前途的免疫治疗辅助手段。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\">　　<span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2. </span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">利兹大学领导的一项研究发现，合成的小分子</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">KHS101</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">能够从胶质母细胞瘤中切除肿瘤细胞的能量来源，从而导致肿瘤细胞死亡，或许有望在未来几年开发出一种对抗胶质母细胞瘤的新疗法。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　脑胶质瘤简介</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　脑胶质瘤是由于大脑和脊髓胶质细胞癌变所产生的，是最常见的原发性颅脑肿瘤。胶质瘤起源于外胚层，是神经系统最常见的原发性肿瘤，约占颅内原发性肿瘤的</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">50</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">％以上。其特点为生长迅速、侵袭性强、手术后易复发、病死率高。在所有新发肿瘤中，胶质瘤占</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1.4</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">％，而死于胶质瘤的患者占所有肿瘤死亡患者的</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2.4</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">％。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　总体来说，脑胶质瘤恶性度高、易复发、预后差，根治困难。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　治疗方式</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　目前，关于脑胶质瘤主要有三种治疗方式：手术，放疗，化疗。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　手术</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　外科手术切除是脑瘤的主要治疗方式，特别是良性脑瘤。当脑瘤与重要的脑组织相连或者靠近时，外科医生只能尽量拿掉一部分，剩余部分需要依靠放疗和化疗才能消除。手术治疗前，医生或通过</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">CT</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">定位做穿刺病例穿刺，或者手术中取出组织做切片，判断病灶性质再决定后续如何治疗。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　放疗</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　放射治疗经常用于那些手术没有办法切除或者手术切除后残余的病灶，也可用于那些不可能接受手术治疗的病人。放疗的剂量和次数要根据不同的病理形态、部位、年龄而定，如果癌灶范围数量较小，可以做立体定位放疗，比如伽马刀。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　化疗</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　恶性脑瘤除了手术或者放疗等手段，还需要加上化疗，比如星状细胞瘤、脑胶质瘤、髓母细胞瘤等，临床常见的恶性脑瘤是其他癌症转移过来的，比如肺癌等，这种情况下，除了要治疗原发病灶还要治疗转移病灶，因此全身性的化疗对控制病情是有一定帮助的。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　替莫唑胺是治疗脑胶质瘤的化疗药物，可以显著延长患者的生存期，是目前效果较好的治疗手段。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　其他非主流或未普及推广的治疗方式不作讨论。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　治疗难点</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　脑胶质瘤的治疗效果差强人意，一是因为血脑屏障的阻挡过滤原因，二是胶质瘤的特点所决定的。因此脑胶质瘤一直没有特别有效的治疗药物和方式，最近的两项研究进展给这个医学难题带来了喜讯。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　前沿信息</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　逆转缺失免疫</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞可对抗致命脑瘤</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　胶质母细胞瘤（</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">GBM</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">）会对人体免疫系统产生不寻常的影响，通常导致人体环境</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞数量急剧下降，</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞去向不明，因此很多激活</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞的免疫疗法对脑胶质瘤无效。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　近期，杜克癌症研究所的研究人员追踪到了胶质母细胞瘤患者中缺失的</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">——</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">他们在骨髓中发现了大量的</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　在检查隐藏的</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞时，研究小组发现</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞表面缺少了一种叫做</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">S1P1</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">的受体，</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">S1P1</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">是使</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞离开骨髓和淋巴系统的关键</span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">“</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">钥匙</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">”</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">。没有了</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">“</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">钥匙</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">”</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">，</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞就被反锁在里面，无法传播和对抗感染，更不用说癌症了。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　为了弄清楚大脑是如何引发这种</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">S1P1</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">受体功能障碍的，研究小组做了进一步研究。目前的理论是，</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">S1P1</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">受体以某种方式接收到信号，从细胞表面缩回到细胞内部。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\">　　<span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">“</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">有趣的是，当我们在小鼠体内恢复</span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞受体时，</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">T</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">细胞离开骨髓并进入肿瘤，所以我们知道这个过程是可逆的，</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">”</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">该课题负责人</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">Fecci</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">兴奋地说道。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\">　　<span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">Fecci</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">的团队正在与杜克大学的科学家</span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">RobertLefkowitz</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">（因发现</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">S1P1</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">所属受体类别获得</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2012</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">年诺贝尔化学奖）合作，致力于开发能够恢复细胞表面受体的分子。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; background: rgb(246, 246, 246); text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">&nbsp;<img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1551715433239.png\" title=\"估计治疗胶质瘤最新治疗方法\" alt=\"估计治疗胶质瘤最新治疗方法\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><strong>　　</strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">KHS101-</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">致命脑癌克星</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　利兹大学的</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">Heiko Wurdak</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">博士领导了这个国际研究小组，他说</span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">:“</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">当我们开始这项研究时，我们认为</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">KHS101</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">可能会减缓胶质母细胞瘤的生长，但我们惊讶地发现，当癌细胞暴露在它面前时，基本上是自毁的。</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">”</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　具体来说，这种化学物质破坏了癌细胞内的线粒体和新陈代谢，切断了能量供应，导致了癌细胞自我毁灭。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　为了测试</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">KHS101</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">是否能穿过哺乳动物的血脑屏障（血脑屏障通常会阻止大部分分子进入大脑，严重限制了治疗的选择），研究人员将癌细胞从人类身上转移到老鼠体内。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　结果发现，与服用安慰剂的小鼠相比，</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">KHS101</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">成功地穿过了血脑屏障，显著降低了肿瘤生长</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">约</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">50%)</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">，从而提高了存活率。重要的是，正常的脑细胞不受这种化学物质的影响。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　研究小组还回顾了</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">KHS101</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">对肿瘤内细胞和不同患者肿瘤之间的不同基因图谱的有效性。过去，肿瘤的遗传变异使得确定治疗方法的工作变得复杂，但研究小组发现，所有经过检测的胶质母细胞瘤亚型细胞的变异都对现有治疗有反应。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　展望</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　脑胶质瘤的治疗方法几十年来基本没有变化，因此迫切需要进行这样的临床前研究，以识别和鉴定潜在的新药。虽然这些发现令人鼓舞，但作为一种实验性的研究，在人类试验开始之前，需要进一步严格检测和改进，或许会发现更多的应用场景。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%;background: rgb(246, 246, 246)\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　希望这些新发现可以提供更多治疗方法，让脑胶质瘤以及更多的肿瘤患者获益。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; background: rgb(246, 246, 246); text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\">&nbsp;<img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1551715847337.jpg\" title=\"1551715847337.jpg\" alt=\"????.jpg\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; background: rgb(246, 246, 246);\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\"></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">欢迎扫描二维码加入</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%\">QQ</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">群，里面有专业医务人员帮病友们解答问题</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; background: rgb(246, 246, 246);\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333\"></span><br/></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1897,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1551715181423,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":1,"digestEffectTime":1559664003437,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1559404299615,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486775274108,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"13911686944","password":"000000","level":0,"nickName":"赵金亮","realName":null,"signName":"c","head":null,"phone":"13911686944","mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":1,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"25185","isDel":0,"createAt":1554910813055,"createBy":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"13911686944","updateAt":1554910878765,"updateBy":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","updateName":"13911686944","userId":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"肿瘤患者需要做基因检测吗","content":"<p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">肿瘤患者需要做基因检测吗，这是许多患者朋友经常问到的一个话题，今天，大家就跟着小编来看看这些靠谱的解答，希望能帮助大家更好地做选择！</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">一、基因检测是什么？</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">基因检测是一种实验室生物学检测技术，可以通过组织、血液、唾液、其他体液、或细胞对DNA进行检测。它可以在疾病的临床症状未发生之前进行早期诊断，为临床疾病尤其是致死性疾病的预防和治疗提供了有利的条件。疾病易感基因检测如同一本个人健康说明书，它告诉我们生命该如何正确使用。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">人的DNA是遗传物质的载体，而基因就是DNA中真正有含义的片段。癌友之所以会得肿瘤，归根结底是由于身体内累积了许多有害的基因突变，千奇百怪的变异，最终导致了癌症。基因检测就根据基因检测的结果再选择哪一种化疗药物或分子靶向治疗药物，从而实现癌症的个性化治疗。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">基因是生命体的遗传物质。癌细胞与正常细胞，有很多不同；其中，最重要的不同就是癌细胞中不少基因是变异的：有的基因缺失了，有的基因重复了，有的基因长歪了……利用各种方法，把这些变异的基因找出来，仔细分析，可以协助临床诊断、指导治疗选择、辅助监测疾病复发和耐药、预估生存期等。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">二、癌症患者一定要做基因检测吗？</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">广义上讲，所有肿瘤患者均可以接受基因检测；狭义上讲，根据指南推荐，不同的病种、不同的分期、出于不同的目的，不同的患者，适合做不同的基因检测。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">比如，一个晚期肺腺癌患者，尚未接受任何治疗，家庭经济情况一般，只是为了看看，是否有合适的已经在内地上市的靶向药可用，那么只要测一下最常见的那几个基因就可以了。再比如，一个超级土豪，是一个肉瘤，其他药物治疗都失败了，但是依然想碰碰运气，看看是不是自己还有靶向药可用：不管是已经上市还是处于临床试验研究阶段的，不管是国内还是国外，都想知道。那么，他或许可以选择做一下跨癌种的、尽可能多的、几十上百甚至全部的基因。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">国家卫健委之前颁布的《新型抗肿瘤药物临床应用指导原则（2018 年版）》，明确指出：抗肿瘤药物临床应用需在病理组织学确诊后或基因检测后方可使用。其中也罗列了需要和不需要癌症基因检测的常用的小分子靶向药物和大分子单克隆抗体类药物。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1554910847521.jpg\" title=\"肿瘤患者需要做基因检测吗\" alt=\"肿瘤患者需要做基因检测吗\" width=\"530\" height=\"539\"/><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1554911174786.jpg\" title=\"肿瘤患者需要做基因检测吗\" alt=\"肿瘤患者需要做基因检测吗\" width=\"525\" height=\"541\"/><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1554911660248.jpg\" title=\"肿瘤患者需要做基因检测吗\" alt=\"肿瘤患者需要做基因检测吗\" width=\"525\" height=\"324\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\"><img width=\"32\" height=\"32\" src=\"http://www.zhao01.com/resources/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif\" class=\"rich_pages \"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">但是，在癌症的治疗过程当中，有一部分人在接受靶向治疗前，选择不做基因检测，而这种治疗方法就叫做盲试。对比基因检测，盲试也有自己的优势，比如即能省钱又能节省时间。那么，到底什么情况才可以跳过基因检测，直接进行靶向治疗呢？</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">情况一：靶向药单一</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">一些种类的癌症，可能突变类型比较单一，对于靶向药也没有可选余地，这种情况下，可以选择盲试，一旦发现没有效果，就需要更他疗法。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">情况二：生存期不乐观</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">对于一些癌友，可能医生的预估不足6个月，并且经济条件也不好，这种情况，如果拿半个月等一个不确定的结果的话，就显得太冒险，所以不如直接进行盲试，把钱用在刀刃上，挑选概率最大的进行尝试，俗称“闯大运”。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">当然盲试也有着自己的短板，在没有基因检测之前，用药基本靠“猜”，而效果也基本靠“经验”，所以在治疗的过程中，对于是否进行靶向治疗，大家可以在咨询主治医生后慎重决定。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">三、是不是所有靶向药，都要做基因检测？</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">当然不是。有些抗血管生成为主的靶向药，目前并不知道，哪个或者哪几个基因变异，与这些药物的疗效有相关性。比如：索拉非尼、阿帕替尼、舒尼替尼、贝伐珠单抗等靶向药，并不一定需要做基因检测，如表1。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">四、基因检测，选择什么标本最合适？</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">做基因检测，是检测肿瘤细胞的突变，因此需要获取肿瘤细胞。临床上通常有3种方式：</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">① 术中肿瘤样品</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">②&nbsp;穿刺活检样品</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">通常是在局部麻醉下，使用很细的针刺入疑似肿瘤，来获取少量细胞用于分析。这样创伤很小，可以避免不必要的手术，对患者影响小。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">③ 液体活检</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">液体活检，主要是指通过分析血液里的癌细胞或者癌细胞释放的DNA进行分析，判断癌症突变类型。这之所以能成功，是因为晚期癌细胞，或者癌细胞的DNA，会经常跑到血液里面，现代技术有可能把它们捕获，进行分析。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">“液体活检”是目前最热门的技术之一，最大的优点是无创，风险小，而且可以反复多次取样，但目前依然以组织病理切片的基因检测，准确度最高，是业内公认的金标准。虽然它也不是100%完美（比如还有空间、时间、异质性的问题）。但是，常常能遇到病友无法取得足够的组织，或者组织标本年代久远，这类情况下，也可以考虑用血液标本代替。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">我们一般推荐的优劣顺序是：</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">最近手术或活检新取的组织标本&gt;1-2年内的组织标本&gt;最新的血标本&gt;2年以上的旧的组织标本。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">五、基因检测有很多方法，这些方法可信吗？会不会存在误差？</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">任何一种生物学检测方法，准确率都不可能达到100%。但是，目前国际、国内共识中推荐使用的基因检测方法，都是经过大量实验数据验证和临床评估的，都能很好地表现肿瘤的基因状态。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">所以，虽然不同的基因检测方法敏感性、特异性之间稍有差别，但总体而言，只要是通过了国家官方认证的检测技术，都可以使用。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">六、血液基因突变动态监测，有什么用？</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">血液中基因突变的浓度变化，很大程度上可以反映病情的变化，甚至有时候比影像学更提前，比肿瘤标志物更准确。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">因此，对于一些携带非常常见的基因突变的病人，如果碰巧肿瘤标志物又不敏感，那么利用血液基因检测（就检测那一两个最常见的基因突变即可，价格可承受），每隔2-3个月测一次，通过基因突变的浓度变化和性质改变，可以提前发现疾病复发、提前预警药物耐药等。对于携带EGFR突变且口服靶向药治疗的病人，如果每隔2个月测一次血液中EGFR相应突变的浓度变化，国内外的众多研究提示，可以比影像学平均提前4-6个月发现耐药。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">七、治疗一段时间后，要不要重新做基因检测？</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">事实上，肿瘤组织内的基因，每时每刻都在发生新的突变，过程是完全随机的。各种治疗手段可能会影响突变发生的频率，也就是说原来是平均每10万个细胞每天突变1次，现在变成了平均每1万个细胞每天都要突变1次。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">因此，我们一般仅推荐接受了靶向治疗的病友，在药物耐药、疾病进展以后，酌情考虑再次行基因检测——因为靶向药用了一段时间以后，耐药了，有一部分病人会富集出有更新的靶向药可用的新的突变。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">八、有基因突变，是不是一定有靶向药可用？</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">不是。基因突变的类型太多，绝大多数基因突变，目前无法明确是不是和肿瘤有关；大多数能明确和肿瘤一定相关的基因突变（比如P53突变、KRAS突变、MYC扩增等），目前尚无已经上市的靶向药。因此，经常发生测了基因突变，但是依然没有合适的、已经上市的靶向药可以选择。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">九、用PD-1抑制剂，为何也要做基因检测？</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">① 肿瘤突变负荷（TMB）高的患者，PD-1抑制剂的有效率更高，生存期更长，更适合接受PD-1治疗。因此，在接受PD-1抑制剂治疗前，做一些TMB的检测，意义重大。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">② 携带JAK1、JAK2、BM2、HLA、STK11等基因突变的患者，可能对PD-1抑制剂天然耐药，所以要提前检测一下。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">③ 携带EGFR突变、MDM2扩增的病友，使用PD-1抑制剂，可能发生爆发进展，所以也要提前检测一下。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">④ 携带PBRM1、POLE基因突变的患者，使用PD-1抑制剂，疗效很好。有时候，也可以测一下碰一碰运气。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1554739907474.png\" title=\"肿瘤患者需要做基因检测吗\" alt=\"肿瘤患者需要做基因检测吗\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px; font-family: 宋体;\">下载二维码微信识别，观看傅相平教授主讲</span><strong style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体;\">《脑胶质瘤解密》</span></strong>，看完对这个病就完全明白了</p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\"></span><br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 28px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px; font-family: 宋体;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1551715760198.jpg\" title=\"肿瘤患者需要做基因检测吗\" alt=\"肿瘤患者需要做基因检测吗\" width=\"250\" height=\"343\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 28px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px; font-family: 宋体;\"></span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; font-family: 宋体;\">欢迎扫描二维码加入</span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px;\">QQ</span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; font-family: 宋体;\">群，群里没有广告诈骗，非常干净</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\"></span><br/></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1733,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1554910813055,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":1,"digestEffectTime":1562773379848,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1554910813055,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486775274108,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"13911686944","password":"000000","level":0,"nickName":"赵金亮","realName":null,"signName":"c","head":null,"phone":"13911686944","mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":1,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"28852","isDel":0,"createAt":1578301039502,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"脑胶质瘤注意防范以下几件事","content":"<p style=\"margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">1.&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">一，水肿，水肿是一个长期需要控制并易反复的事。尤其是放疗期间容易加大水肿的严重性。所以要长期的控制，一般水肿严重后，病人会有头疼，头晕，严重的会导致肢体无法行动，脑汕等症状。控制水肿药物，一线：甘露醇，甘油果糖穿插使用。二线：地塞米松，甲强龙等激素类药物，不可长期使用。三线：贝伐珠单抗。也有战友用中药控制水肿很好的可以作为参考和借鉴。</span></span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><br/></span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">二，癫痫，癫痫是一个猝不及防又极其伤脑和身体的事情。一般脑部做开颅手术的都建议用预防癫痫类药物来预防癫痫。平时查血电解质的血中钾，钠的含量。如果是低了，可以使用氯化钾缓释片来增加钾的含量。食补：香蕉，橙子，深海鱼类，海藻。药物控制癫痫：左乙拉西坦，德巴金，丙戊酸钠，卡玛西平片等。可以单独用药控制也可联合控制。如果吞咽困难的病人，可以用点滴药物，丙戊酸钠。大癫痫发作时，应打电话</span>120，医生来之前应该防止病人咬舌头。医生来了后，需先打安定镇静剂后及时送往医院，再用药丙戊酸钠。到医院查脑ct查看是否脑出血，查血指标及电解质。病人稳定后需要到神经内科医生处咨询癫痫的控制用药情况。减癫痫药正确的做法是一片癫痫药每天用刀片划掉一点。因为一片癫痫药是以mg为单位，一天减掉一片，就是几百毫克，对于病人体制来说，并不是很稳定的。</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><br/></span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">三，血指标，长化过程中，血指标是很难控制的，一般长化前都会验血。一般查血常规，定期复查血电解质和肝肾功能。血常规只看三个指标。</span>1，白细胞不低于3就可以长化。2，血小板正常值一般在126，我家的大夫跟我说不低于80可以不打升血小板针。具体可咨询自家大夫。3，血红蛋白，低不多的话，食补即可。升白细胞，血小板的食补及时药物很多，再次不详细介绍了。</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><br/></span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">四，肺炎，肺炎一般多发生于胶质瘤后期或长期卧床的病人。往往不是胶质瘤夺走了家人的生命，而是器官衰竭和肺炎夺走的生命。所以长期卧床的病人一般建议买气垫，定时按摩腿脚手及手臂，可预防静脉血栓。定时翻身可预防压疮和褥疮。空心手拍打后背，辅助病人吐痰，侧身按摩后背，让病人后背肌肉得到放松。</span></span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><br/></span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">五，脑积液，一般脑积液会导致颅压过高，头疼。可腰椎埋管分压或做腹腔分流手术来缓解。也可手术去骨瓣来降颅压。</span></span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><br/></span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">六，药物副作用，建议吃一些护肝，胃，肾的药物。止吐药昂单司琼有便秘的副作用，可在吃昂单司琼的当天做菜用灰油。（猪油）有助于便秘的缓解。地塞米松片与昂单司琼联合用药，有增强止吐的功效。地塞米松片是激素类药物，不可长期服用单独服用有去水肿的作用，所以家中可以常期备用两个药物。神经类止吐药阿瑞匹坦，止吐效果不错，但药物价格不低。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1578301014018.jpg\" title=\"脑胶质瘤注意防范以下几件事\" alt=\"脑胶质瘤注意防范以下几件事\" width=\"250\" height=\"343\"/></span></span></p><p><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"></span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">欢迎扫描二维码加入</span>QQ群，听听病友们怎么说，听听医生怎么说</span></p><p><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"></span></span><br/></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2273,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1578301039503,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1578301039503,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507789271266,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"良药苦口","password":"zx13401068656","level":0,"nickName":"周良药","realName":null,"signName":"良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行！","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1516263139285.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"langlixunta@163.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24813","isDel":0,"createAt":1550046776854,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"脑胶质瘤手术后会复发吗","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">一般来说，脑胶质瘤手术后是会复发的，胶质瘤级别越高越容易复发，如果肿瘤切除越彻底，是可以推迟复发时间的，甚至能做到治愈的可能。一级胶质瘤可以说是胶质瘤里最轻微的了，恶性程度不高，如果胶质瘤生长在大脑的非功能区，比如大脑额头边际的脑区、颞骨边际的脑区等，就可以彻底切除，并且不用放化疗，定期做好复查就可以了。</span>3、4级这种高级别的胶质瘤，也是恶性程度比较高的脑肿瘤，其疾病发展的结局就不容乐观了，比如胶质母细胞瘤，就算是能手术接着术后放化疗，70%以上的患者都会在1年内复发，并且复发的部位大部分会产生新的病灶，原来的肿瘤长在额叶，复发时就会跑到其他脑区域，就更麻烦了。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">如果脑胶质瘤不手术往往高级别的患者只能活三个月了，虽然合理的选择手术以及放化疗方案对于防止肿瘤复发有一定的效果，同时也要做好定期复查，检测病灶的动向，比如患者出现头痛、恶心呕吐、抽搐、视力下降等等问题时，说明肿瘤复发了，这会儿再考虑处理就比较晚了，所以一旦能手术就要尽快做决定，最好的办法就是定期复查、复诊和定期规范化治疗，防止肿瘤复发。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"脑胶质瘤手术后会复发吗\" alt=\"脑胶质瘤手术后会复发吗\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"脑胶质瘤手术后会复发吗\" alt=\"脑胶质瘤手术后会复发吗\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1669,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1550046776855,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1561995305298,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"14427","isDel":0,"createAt":1530094343187,"createBy":"3cd6696e79d611e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"827719232@qq.com","updateAt":1530157999570,"updateBy":"3cd6696e79d611e8972100163e0462f1","updateName":"827719232@qq.com","userId":"3cd6696e79d611e8972100163e0462f1","title":"脑胶质瘤分级","content":"<p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">对于分类，有一个</span>WHO分级，这是一个国际标准分级，它分为一到四级，是罗马数字的一到四级，这个一到四级怎么分的呢？一到二级只的是低性胶质瘤，就是低恶性度的胶质瘤，星形细胞瘤，这种低度恶性的胶质瘤，在临床上也是比较多见的，手术是非功能区肿瘤主要的治疗手段，换句话说，这种低级别的胶质瘤，通过手术的方法，它能得到很好的治疗效果，或者很好的治疗手段，40岁以下的患者，肉眼全切以后，可以说他不需要其他治疗就达到很好的效果，40岁以下不全切除的肿瘤病人，以及这个病人年龄大约40岁，不管是情况怎么样，都需要进行放化疗，就是说，40岁以下可以不再做其他治疗，40岁以上不全切除的病人，要做相应的放疗和化疗处理。<br/><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1530095011863.jpg\" title=\"脑胶质瘤分级\" alt=\"脑胶质瘤分级\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">再看临床分类的三级和四级，三级和四级是高级别的胶质瘤，换句话说就是恶性程度比较高的胶质瘤，三级我们又叫间变星形细胞瘤，它需要手术达到组织病理诊断或缩小肿瘤，病人应当常规的进行放疗和化疗处理，这是手术以后。<br/><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1530094792211.jpg\" title=\"脑胶质瘤分级\" alt=\"脑胶质瘤分级\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">四级我们又叫胶质母细胞瘤，他需要手术来达到组织病理诊断，和减小肿瘤体积的目的，另外，手术也要进行常规的放疗和化疗，就是高级别的胶质瘤，必须守护的，手术之后应该进行常规的放疗和化疗。<br/><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1530095167263.jpg\" title=\"脑胶质瘤分级\" alt=\"脑胶质瘤分级\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">一二级的胶质瘤复发以后它可能变成四级，它也可能变成三级，三级胶质瘤复发以后只能变成四级，这说明什么意思呢？就是不管什么级别的胶质瘤，术后复发随着时间的延长，病程的发展，它的级别也在发生逐渐的提高，这是一个临床上必然的规律，它级别只会越来越高，不会越来越低！<br/><br/></span></p><p><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！<br/><br/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"></span><br/></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1297,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1530094343188,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1561301872202,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"3cd6696e79d611e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1530082168541,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"827719232@qq.com","password":"Ai15235997443","level":0,"nickName":"找良医用户_41511","realName":null,"signName":null,"head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"827719232@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":5,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":0,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":0},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24838","isDel":0,"createAt":1550218248872,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"针灸拔罐是否能治胶质瘤","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">针灸拔罐是否能治胶质瘤？这里我们要明确两个概念，针灸拔罐是可以治胶质瘤这类疾病的，但是不能完全的靠针灸拔罐来治，也就是所说的根治，只要听到这类信息一定要知道都是骗人的。能根治是指可治愈且不再复发，胶质细胞瘤是脑部的恶性肿瘤，目前尚无好的治疗方法，更何况根治，针灸拔罐在改善症状和肢体功能上有一定作用，可尝试改善患者的病痛，能保证患者生活自理，那么对病情也是非常有帮助的。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">胶质瘤的常规治疗方法是手术加术后的放化疗，大部分患者会在手术后出现肢体不灵活，面瘫，走路不稳等症状，这时候可以选择针灸来刺激穴位来改善此类症状，也有很多片子利用患者的这一心理来讲针灸拔罐能够彻底治愈胶质瘤，那么一定要当心是不是骗子，因为脑袋里的问题不是通过外界的这些能触及到的。手术可以做到对肿瘤的大面积切除，但要保留更多的脑功能区域，以确保患者正常的生活，术后的放化疗也是通过特殊途径来达到对肿瘤细胞的杀灭，并不能做到完全的杀除，所以一定要理性对待胶质瘤这一疾病，切不可盲目就医，有问题找正规的医院诊治才是延长患者生命最好的方法。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"针灸拔罐是否能治胶质瘤\" alt=\"针灸拔罐是否能治胶质瘤\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"针灸拔罐是否能治胶质瘤\" alt=\"针灸拔罐是否能治胶质瘤\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1896,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1550218248874,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1556120949955,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"25353","isDel":0,"createAt":1556112672785,"createBy":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"13911686944","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"质子治疗胶质瘤效果","content":"<p style=\";margin-bottom:0;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: Arial, sans-serif\"></span><strong><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:red;background:white\">一、质子的物理学和生物学特征</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">1.</span></span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">质子的物理学特征：</span></strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">质子是一个带正电荷的粒子，其质量是电子质量的1836倍[1]。目前，可通过回旋加速器和直线加速器获得高速运动的质子束。当质子束照射于胶质瘤靶区时，能释放大量的能量，形成一个窄高尖的峰，即布勒格峰（Bragg峰）。单能质子束产生的Bragg峰比较窄，临床上通常需要通过调制不同能量的质子束来产生一个扩展的Bragg峰，从而使照射剂量更加均匀地覆盖于整个胶质瘤靶区[2]。质子束在胶质瘤靶区的能量沉积较大，而在周围组织中的能量沉积较小，这有利于在精准杀死胶质瘤细胞的同时最大限度地保护周围正常组织。质子束的LET与每单位距离的能量沉积有关[3]。当质子束能量在0~0.1 MeV时，LET随着质子束能量的增加而增加；而当质子束能量在0.1~1000 MeV时，LET随着质子束能量的增加而降低。这说明质子束能量在0.1 MeV时LET达到最大值[4]。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">2.</span></span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">质子的生物学特征：</span></strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">相对生物学效应是光子达到特定效应所需剂量与粒子达到同等生物效应剂量的比值[5]。目前，大多数质子治疗中心将质子的相对生物学效应假定为常数1.1[6]。对大量的试验数据进行分析发现，质子的相对生物学效应值是可变的，并且受到LET、剂量水平以及组织类型等多种因素的影响[7-8]。例如，同一个细胞系中质子的相对生物学效应值随着LET的增加而增加，并且在100~200 keV/μm时达到最大值[9]。而且，质子的相对生物学效应值随着其运行轨迹深度的增加而增加，并且在Bragg峰的末端达到最大值[10]。临床上，质子放疗技术的照射剂量一般用钴等效剂量来表示，即质子的物理剂量Gray值乘以相对生物学效应[11]。关于质子氧增比的相关报道较少，氧增比值的大小尚不明确。Kanemoto等[12]研究发现，氧增比在扩展的Bragg峰的4个不同位置的值分别为2.84、2.60、2.63和2.76。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%\">总之，质子的相对生物学效应值具有复杂性和不确定性，需在今后的工作中进一步深入了解。</span></span></p><p style=\";margin-bottom:0;line-height:200%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;min-height: 1em\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"></strong></p><p><section><section><section><section></section><section></section><section></section><section></section><section></section><section></section><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\">二、质子与光子生物学特征的区别</strong><p><br/></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"></strong></p></section></section></section><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\">1.</strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#3E3E3E;letter-spacing:0;background:white\">分子水平</span></strong></p><p><br/></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">（1）活性氧：</span></span></strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">Zhang</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">等[13]比较了在不同的细胞系以及不同剂量下，质子和光子照射后活性氧（ROS）产生的区别。他们发现接受质子照射后的胶质瘤干细胞样细胞会产生更高水平的活性氧。Giedzinski等[14]研究亦得出相同的结论。质子照射产生的活性氧能诱导更强的DNA损伤，这也是质子照射比光子照射具有更高的细胞杀伤效果的原因之一[15]。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">（2）复杂性DNA损伤与修复：</span></span></strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">质子照射诱导DNA损伤的机制类似于光子照射损伤DNA的机制，即能量直接沉积于DNA分子或诱导DNA分子周围水分子的分解[16-17]。DNA损伤主要是碱基损伤[18]和链断裂[17]。链断裂包括单链断裂和双链断裂[17]。双链断裂的修复比较困难，且链断裂的数量与质子照射能量有关，照射能量越低DNA损伤越大[18]。DNA损伤还包括簇集损伤，其可导致细胞死亡和突变，修复时间长而且十分困难。与光子照射相比，质子照射诱导产生的双链断裂和簇集损伤数量庞大[19]。即使在相同的情况下，质子照射和光子照射导致的DNA损伤的修复途径也不相同，质子照射导致的DNA损伤的修复途径以同源重组为主[20]，而光子照射以非同源末端连接为主[21]。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">（3）DNA甲基化：</span></span></strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">DNA</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">甲基化是一种表观遗传机制，甲基化水平的改变可调节基因的表达，从而使后代表现出表观遗传方面的变化，因此又被称为表观遗传现象。Kim等[22]采用质子束照射乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7和正常细胞系MCF-10A，发现2种细胞系均发生超甲基化改变。Goetz等[23]研究也得出类似的结果。但Kumar等[24]研究发现，光子照射可降低细胞的DNA甲基化水平，导致低甲基化改变。同时，有学者发现基因组的不稳定性与DNA低甲基化水平有关[25]，这可能是光子照射更易导致DNA突变和诱发第二肿瘤的原因之一。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 200%; background: white; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1556112796199.jpg\" title=\"质子治疗胶质瘤效果\" alt=\"质子治疗胶质瘤效果\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\"/>&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">（4）修复蛋白的表达：</span></span></strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">质子照射或光子照射均可导致DNA的双链断裂，早期磷酸化组蛋白H2AX（γ-H2AX）的形成标志着DNA损伤修复开始[26]，而且磷酸化组蛋白p53结合蛋白1（53BP1）也是DNA损伤修复的指标之一[27]。有研究采用质子照射不同细胞系0.5 h后，分别在扩展的Bragg峰的不同位置检测γ-H2AX的数量，发现并无明显差异，但24 h后在扩展的Bragg峰远侧端检测到更多的γ-H2AX[26]。有研究发现，与低LET辐射相比，高LET辐射会增加γ-H2AX的数量[28]。近期的研究结果表明，与光子照射相比，质子照射检测到的γ-H2AX数量不仅明显增多，而且γ-H2AX形成的焦点也更大[29-30]。这说明质子照射致DNA损伤的能力高于光子照射。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">2.</span></span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">细胞水平</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">（1）细胞凋亡：</span></span></strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">Pietro</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">等[31]采用质子与光子分别照射不同的细胞系，发现质子照射导致更高水平的细胞凋亡，且凋亡细胞比率与照射剂量和照射后的观察时间均有明显的相关性。Gerechiuun等[30]也得到类似结论。在细胞凋亡的过程中，可观察到mRNAs在质子照射后的表达明显增加[31]。PC3细胞在质子照射后ATM、p73、p21、SOD2以及Bcl-2/Bax-α等mRNA表达明显增高；而在光子照射后Bax-α、ATM、Bcl-2以及Bcl-2/Bax-α等mRNA表达明显增高。进一步的研究结果证实，质子照射后p38、JNK和MAP等蛋白呈高表达[32]，而光子照射后ERK蛋白呈高表达[33]。综合上述文献，我们发现质子照射与光子照射后细胞凋亡水平的不同可能与激活不同的凋亡信号通路有关。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">（2）细胞周期：</span></span></strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">Narang</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">等[34]通过PCR分析发现，与光子照射相比，质子照射引起的细胞周期阻滞相关基因表达水平显著上调，诱导产生更高更长的G2/M期阻滞。有研究发现，质子照射与光子照射24h后，质子照射在S+G2/M期的细胞周期停滞显著升高；照射剂量相同的情况下，质子照射在48 h和72 h后引起的细胞周期停滞分别为44%和32%，而光子照射为20%和17%。Pietro等[31]研究发现，质子照射剂量为10 Gy时分别照射PC3细胞和CA301D细胞，细胞周期G2/M期阻滞显著。因此，质子照射与光子照射对细胞周期的调控是不同的，这可能是导致胶质瘤细胞生长在不同程度上受抑制的原因之一。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">3.</span></span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">组织水平</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">（1）血管生成：</span></span></strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">胶质瘤血管的生成在胶质瘤的发生发展中具有重要的作用。大量的研究结果表明，质子照射和光子照射对胶质瘤血管的作用表现不同。质子照射可抑制胶质瘤血管的形成[35]，而光子照射可促进胶质瘤血管的生成[36]。质子照射可显著降低VEGF、IL-6、IL-8和HIF-1A等促血管生成因子的表达[37]，同时也可降低MMP-9等促血管生成蛋白的表达[4]；而光子照射可提高VEGF、IL-6、HIF-1A和bFGF等促血管生成因子的表达[38]。质子照射对胶质瘤血管生成的影响机制有待今后深入探讨。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"> <p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">（2）侵袭与远处转移：</span></span></strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">侵袭和远处转移是胶质瘤发生发展过程的重要特征之一，与患者的预后密切相关。有研究结果表明，质子照射后胶质瘤细胞的侵袭与远处转移能力降低，而光子照射后胶质瘤细胞的侵袭与远处转移能力增强[36]。Ogata等[36]分别使用质子和光子照射高转移性纤维肉瘤细胞系HT1080,发现接受照射剂量为2 Gy的质子照射后，胶质瘤细胞的侵袭能力较未照射组降低了1/2；而接受照射剂量为2 Gy的光子照射后，胶质瘤细胞的侵袭能力较未照射组增强了2倍。侵袭和远处转移的机制可能与细胞表面糖蛋白和基质金属蛋白酶有关。质子照射后导致MMP-2、MMP-3以及MMP-9降低[39]，而光子照射后导致aVb3整合素蛋白增高[36]。Wang等[40]发现，质子照射可促进上皮细胞间质转化，而上皮细胞间质转化与胶质瘤侵袭和远处转移密切相关。质子照射与胶质瘤侵袭和远处转移间的关系尚需进一步的研究。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">4.</span></span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">胶质瘤复发与诱发第二胶质瘤</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">Stick</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">等[41]研究发现，接受质子照射和光子照射的乳腺癌患者，预计10年后复发的绝对风险分别为0.02%（0.0%~0.07%）和0.10%（0.0%~0.9%）。同时，他们还发现质子照射可将患者心脏毒性预测风险降低2.9%，而光子照射在多数患者中仍产生有限的心脏毒性。Caujiolle等[42]对质子照射后胶质瘤复发与预后关系的研究发现，边缘型复发的生存率明显优于其他类型。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">人们普遍认为，即使是在治疗剂量范围内，电离辐射也可导致胶质瘤[43]。Chung等[44]分别对558例接受质子放疗的患者和558例接受光子放疗的患者进行了匹配队列研究，他们发现接受质子放疗的患者中有29例（5.2%）出现了第二胶质瘤，而接受光子放疗的患者中有42例（7.5%）出现了第二胶质瘤。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%\">Stokkevåg</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%\">等[45]研究也得到类似的结论。这提示，质子放疗较光子放疗在抑制第二胶质瘤发生率方面可能具有一定优势，但有待高证据等级的研究来证实。</span></span></p><p style=\";margin-bottom:0;line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\";margin-bottom:0;line-height:200%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;min-height: 1em\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"></span></strong></p><section><section><section><section></section><section></section><section></section><section></section><section></section><section></section><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\">三、质子放疗技术的临床应用</span></strong><p><br/></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"></span></p></section></section></section>1946</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#3E3E3E;letter-spacing:0;background:white\">年，Wilson[46]首次提出了质子放疗治疗胶质瘤的理论。1954年，首位患者成功接受了质子放疗[47]。质子放疗具有可显著提高胶质瘤区域的照射剂量，并降低周围正常组织的照射剂量的物理剂量分布优势。迄今为止，全球已有30多个医疗中心正积极开展质子放疗工作。目前，我国也在积极建设质子放疗治疗中心。有研究结果表明，截至2015年底已有超13万例胶质瘤患者接受了质子放疗[48]。</span></p><p><br/></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\"><br/> <br/> </span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">一方面，质子放疗在葡萄膜黑色素瘤[49]、儿科肿瘤[50]、脊索瘤和软骨肉瘤[51]、早期非小细胞肺癌[52]、肝细胞癌[53]以及前列腺癌[54]等恶性肿瘤的治疗中已取得了令人满意的效果；另一方面，质子放疗作为治疗胶质瘤的一种新兴技术，给传统常规放疗效果差的恶性肿瘤患者提供了另外一种选择。Greenfield等[50]分别对9例生殖细胞肿瘤和11例非生殖细胞肿瘤患者进行了质子放疗，发现生殖细胞肿瘤的5年局部控制率、无进展生存率及总生存率均在89%以上（89%、89%和100%），非生殖细胞肿瘤均在82%左右（82%、82%和82%）。近年来的研究结果表明，质子放疗在脉络膜黑色素瘤[55]、胸腺瘤或胸腺癌[56]以及鼻腔黏膜或鼻旁窦黏膜黑色素瘤[57]等方面也展现出一定的效果，但其具体疗效尚需进一步临床验证。</span></span></p><p style=\";margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify: inter-ideograph;line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\";margin-bottom:0;line-height:200%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;min-height: 1em\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"></strong></p><p><section><section><section><section></section><section></section><section></section><section></section><section></section><section></section><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\">四、质子放疗技术存在的问题与展望</strong><p><br/></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"></strong></p></section></section></section><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\">质子放疗技术由于其技术特点日益受到关注，但仍有以下问题值得思考：</strong></p><p><br/></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">（1）基于大量的体内外实验研究所得出的结论，目前多数的质子治疗中心采用常数为1.1的相对生物学效应值[6]。但实际上相对生物学效应值是可变的，其随着质子的LET、剂量水平以及组织类型等变化[7-8]。在扩展的Bragg峰入口区域相对生物学效应值接近于1.0，随着深度的增加相对生物学效应值显著增加，并在扩展的Bragg峰末端达到最大值[7,10]。目前暂无关于使用不同水平放射敏感性人类肿瘤细胞系对相对生物学效应值评估的报道[26]。常数为1.1的相对生物学效应值可能并不适用于所有情况。因此，在临床工作中制定治疗计划时，一定要考虑到相对生物学效应值是可变的这一情况，让质子放疗达到最佳的生物学效应并且严格进行质量控制管理。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">（2）由于特征性的Bragg峰存在的物理剂量优势，质子放疗较光子放疗在适形性方面优势显著，但其具体的临床应用优势还需进一步探讨。质子治疗中心的建造成本高且质子放疗设备昂贵，在一定程度上限制了其的推广应用。另外有学者统计发现，2003年质子放疗的总费用约是光子放疗总费用的2.4倍。随着越来越多的质子治疗中心的建立，这一比值可能会降低，预计10年后将降低至1.7倍[58]。但是综合考虑患者的需求和经济负担，目前质子放疗尚无法完全取代光子放疗的地位。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">（3）近期的一项研究对质子和光子在治疗生殖细胞肿瘤和非生殖细胞肿瘤的效果进行比较，发现质子放疗后患者5年总生存率以及无进展生存率并无明显提高[50]。而且有研究发现，脉络膜黑色素瘤患者在接受质子治疗后数年诱发了恶性脑膜瘤的案例[58]。因此，医生在临床治疗中不能忽视和夸大质子放疗的适应证。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\">综上所述，基于质子放疗的技术特色、成本效益和适应证等方面考虑，质子放疗的价值需要进一步深入探讨，包括全面深入了解其放射生物学效应，以便更好地服务于大众。</span></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\"></span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1554739907474.png\" title=\"质子治疗胶质瘤效果\" alt=\"质子治疗胶质瘤效果\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 28px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; font-family: 宋体;\">下载二维码微信识别，观看傅相平教授主讲</span><strong style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体;\">《脑胶质瘤解密》</span></strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;\">，看完对这个病就完全明白了</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px; font-family: 宋体;\"></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 28px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px; font-family: 宋体;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1551715760198.jpg\" title=\"质子治疗胶质瘤效果\" alt=\"质子治疗胶质瘤效果\" width=\"250\" height=\"343\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 28px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px; font-family: 宋体;\"></span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; font-family: 宋体;\">欢迎扫描二维码加入</span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px;\">QQ</span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; font-family: 宋体;\">群，群里没有广告诈骗，非常干净</span></p><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; font-family: 宋体;\"><br/></span></p><p style=\";text-align: justify;line-height: 200%;background: white;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height: 200%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0\"><br/></span></span><br/></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":5048,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1556112672786,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1556112672786,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486775274108,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"13911686944","password":"000000","level":0,"nickName":"赵金亮","realName":null,"signName":"c","head":null,"phone":"13911686944","mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":1,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24582","isDel":0,"createAt":1547888275751,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"胶质瘤为何会出现再三复发","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">患上胶质瘤是一件非常不幸的事，因为胶质瘤手术切除后还是会复发的，甚至手术切除很干净了还是会复发，这让很多患者和家属感到很绝望，那胶质瘤为何会出现再三复发呢？</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">胶质瘤是颅内最常见的恶性肿瘤，占到百分之五十左右，也就是说只要发现有脑瘤，一半都是胶质瘤这种十分可恶的恶性肿瘤，病理上分为四个等级，</span>1级可以认识是良性肿瘤，2级是低恶性程度的胶质瘤，3-4级就属于高级别的胶质瘤了，治疗起来相对会差很多，临床上1级比较少见，2-3胶质瘤占到大部分，4级胶质母细胞瘤也是发病率很高的一个类型。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">许多患者对胶质瘤的复发问题难以理解，觉得医生手术把肿瘤切除了并且医生说已经切的很干净了，甚至扩切，怎么还会复发呢？一般来说，医生嘴里的全切，切除很干净都是达到一个肉眼全切的状态，并不能把浸润生长在正常脑组织的肿瘤细胞也切了，那样只会使患者在术后丧失更多的生活质量，所以是不可能做到手术把高级别的胶质瘤全切除这一目的。由于脑组织是有功能的，并不允许任意切除，因此扩大切除的范围终究是有限的，况且，即使将长瘤的一个半球全切除了，对侧的半球仍然有可能长出胶质瘤。只有少数的</span>1级胶质瘤浸润性不强的情况下，做到全切保证不复发意外，很少有患者能做到不复发的情况，只能是通过各种治疗来达到最大程度延长生存期的目的。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"胶质瘤为何会出现再三复发\" alt=\"胶质瘤为何会出现再三复发\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"胶质瘤为何会出现再三复发\" alt=\"胶质瘤为何会出现再三复发\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1489,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1547888275758,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1555685539217,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24269","isDel":0,"createAt":1544951915562,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"胶质瘤23年复发之后","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">最近有一位胶质瘤患者</span>23年再次复发，对于胶质瘤患者来说，23年算是比较长的生存期了，那他是怎么做到的呢？</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">这位患者近几日头晕摔倒了，经医生检查发现胶质瘤再次复发，除了原先位置重新长出了新的胶质瘤，并且在病灶旁边还产生了一个良性肿瘤脑膜瘤，受胶质瘤的影响，患者出现严重的癫痫症状，经过医生的综合考虑，继续采取手术切除胶质瘤和新的脑膜瘤，以及导致癫痫发作的病灶全部切除，患者通过手术和术后的综合治疗，希望还能有更长久的生存期，最好不要复发！</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">通过患者的表述，为什么能保持长久不复发，主要是因为第一次手术的成功和良好的预后，也就是说第一次手术非常重要，对肿瘤的完全切除，残余的肿瘤细胞在经过术后的放化疗进行控制，可以达到长久的平稳期，还有平时的生活改善，比如作息的规律化，饮食绿色健康，积极锻炼身体，良好的心理素质等等，使得胶质瘤没有那么的可怕！当然也要注意按时的复查，不至于头晕摔倒导致其他的不必要伤害出现，如果有一些胶质瘤病症的加重，头痛头晕了，癫痫次数增加，一定要去医院作检查，发现及时治疗，还是能有不错的控制的。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">胶质瘤的发生主要与个体的基因有密切关系，但是与环境的恶化也有一定的关联。刘翔宇医师建议，平常一定要按时体检，遇到头疼或头晕的情况最好来医院做个检查，如果早期发现胶质瘤要及时来医院进行手术治疗。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"胶质瘤23年复发之后\" alt=\"胶质瘤23年复发之后\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"胶质瘤23年复发之后\" alt=\"胶质瘤23年复发之后\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1418,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1544951915563,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1555340540266,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24927","isDel":0,"createAt":1551365922991,"createBy":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"13911686944","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"洛莫司汀“助力” 替莫唑胺可能提高部分胶质瘤患者总生存期","content":"<p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">一款早在1976年就面市的老药洛莫司汀，让已经上市二十年的替莫唑胺在脑胶质瘤治疗领域，再获突破性进展。在此之前，多项替莫唑胺联合用药方案的临床试验，均未能有效提高患者的生存期。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">柳叶刀杂志最新发布的这项III期临床试验研究显示，洛莫司汀和替莫唑胺合用，<strong><span style=\"text-decoration:underline;\">能够将有MGMT启动子甲基化的GBM患者的总生存期延长至48.1月，高于替莫唑胺单用的34.1月。</span></strong></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">目前，有关胶母细胞瘤的III期有阳性结果的高质量临床研究极少，这项研究则有望打开胶母细胞瘤治疗的新篇章，具有很好的临床应用前景。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">这篇研究题为《Lomustine-temozolomide combination therapy versus standard temozolomide therapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma with methylated MGMT promoter (CeTeG/NOA–09): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial》，2月21日，由Q1区杂志Lancet（柳叶刀杂志，IF:53.254）在线发表，文章的署名协会是德国神经肿瘤协作组。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">该研究是一个随机对照、开放标签的III期临床试验，由Herrlinger与Tzaridis等人主持，在德国的多个大型神经学科试验中心开展，旨在比较洛莫司汀和替莫唑胺联用与单用替莫唑胺的标准疗法在MGMT启动子甲基化阳性的胶质母细胞瘤（glioblastoma, GBM）患者中的疗效与安全性。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">该文章发现<strong><span style=\"text-decoration:underline;\">洛莫司汀和替莫唑胺合用比单用替莫唑胺在一定程度上延长了有MGMT甲基化突变的GBM患者的总生存期</span></strong>（overall survival, OS），其差别有统计学意义，两者的副作用几乎相当。总体来讲经典的洛莫司汀和替莫唑胺合用可能为特定的GBM患者带来福音，但是因其纳入人数偏少同时统计值非常靠近临界点，其结果仍有待进一步商榷。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">编译者按</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">胶母细胞瘤（GBM）是一种恶性程度极高的颅内肿瘤，目前指南上对新发GBM的标准疗法是同步放化疗（放疗：59-60 Gy; 替莫唑胺化疗：75mg/m2）另加6个疗程的替莫唑胺辅助化疗(150-200 mg/m2)。有MGMT甲基化突变的GBM病人在替莫唑胺化疗下可能有更好的预后。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">之前的II期临床研究已经发现洛莫司汀—替莫唑胺—放疗的三联治疗方案可以比替莫唑胺—放疗的两联疗法提升MGMT突变的新发GBM病人的生存期；一项单臂II期临床试验(UKT-03)也证实了洛莫司汀—替莫唑胺联用在MGMT突变病人中具有较好应用前景。本项试验按照III期临床的思路开展，纳入更多的患者同时进一步延长了随访时间，其对药物的使用情况也做了具体介绍。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">背景</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">替莫唑胺是新型的烷化剂类抗肿瘤药物，具有广谱抗肿瘤作用，可通过血脑屏障，生物利用率接近100%。可有效治疗新诊断及复发的胶质母细胞瘤和间变性星形细胞瘤，延长患者生存期，而且安全性和耐受性良好。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">之前的将替莫唑胺单用或者和别的抗肿瘤药物联用的临床试验基本上都未能有效延长病人的总生存期。但是因为替莫唑胺的低毒性和高生物利用率，使其一直为胶质瘤领域临床试验实施者所青睐的对象。以往成功的II期试验或单臂试验也给了研究者更强的信心，来对比洛莫司汀与替莫唑胺合用与替莫唑胺单用的疗效与副作用。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#0052FF;letter-spacing:0\">方法学：</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">本项研究从2011年7月到2014年8月在德国的17家神经科学中心开展，是一个开放标签、随机对照的III期临床试验，共有141名符合条件的GBM患者入组，经过对混杂因素进行排查，最终纳入129位符合条件的患者。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">文章所选取的人群必须满足：年龄在18-70岁之间，在本次研究前没有接受过相关的癌症化疗或者放疗，且具有MGMT启动子甲基化的新发GBM患者。纳入患者必须相对健康，无明显意识和认知障碍（KPS ≥70）以便可以顺利接受临床实验的相关干预。5年之内得过其他癌症或者有明显认知、精神障碍亦或是有一些不利的社会、家庭因素的病人将被排除。纳入人群的α地中海贫血伴智力低下综合征基因（ATRX）（通过免疫组化方式获取）、异柠檬酸脱氢酶（IDH）突变情况（通过抗体筛查）、1p/19q联合缺失（通过多重连接探针扩增）也都通过相对措施获取。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">试验通过SAS产生随机数列进行分组，有66位病人接受洛莫司汀—替莫唑胺联合治疗，该组病人接受洛莫司汀（100 mg/m2，d1）—替莫唑胺（100-200 mg/m2/d, d2-6）,每6周一个周期，联合标准放疗（59–60 Gy）联合治疗，之后但采用洛莫司汀—替莫唑胺治疗（每6周一个周期），整个过程持续6个周期；</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">有63人接受替莫唑胺单药治疗，接受单药治疗的病人先接受的放疗（59–60 Gy）和替莫唑胺治疗（75 mg/m2）同步放化疗，再接受6个周期150–200 mg/m2替莫唑胺治疗。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">主要结局指标为总生存期（overall survival, OS），次要结局指标为无进展生存期（progression free survival, PFS）、颅内肿瘤应答率、生活质量等，颅内肿瘤应答率主要靠RANO标准评估，生活质量主要靠QLQ-C30量表和BN-20量表评估（注册信息：NCT01149109）。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#0052FF;letter-spacing:0\">主要结果：</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\"><img width=\"32\" height=\"32\" src=\"http://www.zhao01.com/resources/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif\" class=\"\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">在符合条件的129人中，通过单因素分析，<strong><span style=\"text-decoration:underline;\">两药联用的OS为48.1月，替莫唑胺单用的OS为34.1月</span></strong>，差异有统计学意义（Hazard ratio, (HR), 0.60, 95% CI: (0.35-1.03); P = 0.0492）；经多因素调节后差异无统计学意义（P = 0.0642）。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">如果算上没有因混杂因素而排除的人数后共计141人，通过单因素分析，两药连用的OS为46.9个月，替莫唑胺单用为30.4个月，差别有统计学意义(HR, 0.60, 95% CI: (0.35-1.03); P = 0.0432),多因素调节后无统计学差异（P = 0.0657）。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">不管是否排除了具有混杂因素的人群，两者的PFS均无差异。在129名患者中，接受两药联用和单用替莫唑胺的人群其PFS均为16.7个月（P = 0.0657）。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">在洛莫司汀—替莫唑胺联用组有39人（59%）合并了3-4级副作用；在替莫唑胺单药组中有32人（51%）合并3-4级副作用。在药物副作用方面两者并无明显差别。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">小结</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">这项开放标签、III期随机对照实验的结果让人鼓舞，揭示了将洛莫司汀和替莫唑胺合用可能延长有MGMT启动子甲基化的新发GBM患者的总生存期，且在传统疗法之上并没有增加更多的副作用。因此将洛莫司汀和替莫唑胺联用在有MGMT启动子甲基化的GBM患者中是一种有效的治疗方案，具有较好前景。但是因为该试验总体纳入人群偏少，且统计计量值十分靠近临界点，故结果的准确性仍待商榷，在向临床实践转化时要审慎考虑。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:&#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family: &#39;微软雅黑&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#333333;letter-spacing:0\">该随机对照试验也启示我们在当今靶向治疗和免疫治疗占主导地位的格局中，传统化疗药的作用仍然不能被忽视。或许它们才能与新兴药物相辅相成，互借东风，帮助患者早日战胜胶质母细胞瘤。另外寻找新靶点，划分恰当的治疗亚组在以后的临床试验中会更加有意义。</span></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2082,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1551365922992,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1554778923766,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486775274108,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"13911686944","password":"000000","level":0,"nickName":"赵金亮","realName":null,"signName":"c","head":null,"phone":"13911686944","mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":1,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24727","isDel":0,"createAt":1548753365923,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"胶质瘤复发率有多高","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">脑胶质瘤复发率可以说是非常高的，除了一些低级别胶质瘤手术达到全切个别能被治愈外都是会复发的，所以这个疾病很麻烦。胶质瘤细胞可以遍布于脑部的任何正常组织中，是脑内的病变，肿瘤好比是大树，大树会有很多根生长在深部，当手术把大树给切除后，数万上亿的根还会残留在正常脑组织中，那么还会慢慢生长出新的肿瘤来。只能是在术后通过放射治疗来杀死你看不见的肿瘤细胞，就是减少树根这部分肿瘤的生长。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">目前通常是按照影像学的边界来切除肿瘤，然而大部分情况边界都不会很清楚，只能是把肿瘤中心细胞密度高的部位切除，手术的这一操作是在脑组织，也就是说要想把肿瘤细胞完全切除必须切除重要的功能结构组织，比如说一些管理说话，视觉，运动的脑区域，切除扩大极大可能造成失语，视力下降，瘫痪等术后后遗症。所以要保证患者的一个术后良好的生活质量来最大范围的切除肿瘤，当然要相对功能性不强的脑区域手术还是能实现扩切的，大多数患者在术后接受放化疗，杀死残余的肿瘤细胞，达到延缓或者甚至避免复发的目的。但如果是脑干这些非常重要的部位，一般不建议手术，或者手术切除不可能实现肿瘤全切，那么复发率会更高！</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"胶质瘤复发率有多高\" alt=\"胶质瘤复发率有多高\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"胶质瘤复发率有多高\" alt=\"胶质瘤复发率有多高\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1528,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1548753365927,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1554740567850,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24789","isDel":0,"createAt":1549962965783,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"治疗胶质瘤最先进的方法和药","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">很遗憾的告诉你，到目前为止治疗胶质瘤最先进的方法和药，不光是天坛、华山这些知名的医院，还是全世界都没有办法和好的药物来进行治愈。就美国比较有名的肯尼迪或者一些名人都是死于胶质母细胞瘤，他们也只能通过先进的技术对其进行生存期的延长，比如贝伐单抗可以用于复发型的胶质母细胞瘤，但是这个药长期使用会产生耐药性，效果也会很差，只能延长一段时间。胶质瘤是一种恶性肿瘤，通常治疗方法都是手术加术后的放化疗，已经成为了全世界公认的常规治疗，效果也是有的，低级别的胶质瘤通过手术切除术，干净的切除加之术后的放化疗对肿瘤细胞继续进行杀灭，还是能得到非常不错的控制，一般情况下可以存活</span>2-10年左右。胶质母细胞瘤相对会差些，平均寿命在1-3年左右，通过替莫唑胺化疗平均只能延长2.5个月，贝伐单抗加之其他的生物治疗，免疫治疗等方法结合，会有控制肿瘤继续发展的作用，无论是药物还是疗法都是处于试验阶段，没有定论。希望在不久将来能有新的进展，开发出新的药物和治疗方法来造福人类。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"治疗胶质瘤最先进的方法和药\" alt=\"治疗胶质瘤最先进的方法和药\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"治疗胶质瘤最先进的方法和药\" alt=\"治疗胶质瘤最先进的方法和药\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1962,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1549962965784,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1554739234765,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"25054","isDel":0,"createAt":1552788984313,"createBy":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"13911686944","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"2020胶质瘤新药——让胶质瘤细胞自杀","content":"<p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">对于胶质瘤这种疾病，新药的研究一直是科学家们努力的方向，那科学家们发现了一种新药可以治疗胶质瘤，那跟着我一起从下面来找一找究竟是什么吧。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">研究人员表示，从患者身上提取出来的胶质瘤细胞因为接触到暴露的化学物质而自己灭亡了，这项研究可能是解决胶质母细胞瘤等癌症的第一步。这项由利兹大学领导的研究发现，名为</span>KHS101<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">的合成化学物质能够从胶质母细胞瘤中切除肿瘤细胞的能量来源，从而导致细胞死亡。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">该研究发表在“科学转化医学”杂志上，这种疾病是最致命的癌症之一，</span>5<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">年生存率低于</span>5%<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">。英国每年有超过</span>2,000<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">人被诊断患有胶质母细胞瘤，最近在议会讨论了这种疾病，迫切需要改善治疗方案。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</p><p style=\"line-height:200%\">&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">研究人员</span>Heiko Wurdak<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">博士说，当我们开始这项研究时，我们认为</span>KHS101<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">可能会减缓胶质母细胞瘤的生长，但我们惊讶地发现肿瘤细胞基本上是自杀了。这种化学物质破坏了肿瘤细胞内的线粒体和新陈代谢，并切断了能量供应，导致其自我毁灭。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">为了测试</span>KHS101<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">是否可以穿过哺乳动物的血脑屏障，研究人员将肿瘤细胞从人体转移到小鼠体内。血脑屏障阻止大多数分子进入大脑并严重限制治疗选择。与给予安慰剂的小鼠相比，该化学物质成功穿过血脑屏障并显着限制了</span>KHS101<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">治疗的小鼠的肿瘤生长（约</span>50<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">％），而存活率增加。重要的是，正常脑细胞不受</span>KHS101<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">的影响。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">对</span>KHS101<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">进一步研究，科学家可能会发现类似的药物——能够扰乱肿瘤细胞自我毁灭的能量来源，将为胶质母细胞瘤提供全新的治疗途径。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肿瘤新药的研究是医疗上很重要的一步，癌症的治疗是离不开药物的辅佐的，因此对于胶质瘤这种疾病来说也并不例外。科学家们找到一种新的药物，目的就是可以通过控制住疾病，从而可以延长患者的寿命，这就是科学家们的终极目的了。据研究者预估，这种新药大约于</span>2020<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">年上市。也是胶质瘤患者朋友的一个福音了。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1552788953417.jpg\" title=\"2020胶质瘤新药信息交流群\" alt=\"2020胶质瘤新药信息交流群\" width=\"250\" height=\"343\"/></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">欢迎扫描二维码加入</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%\">QQ</span><span style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">群，与病友共同交流治疗信息与心得</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":5807,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1552788984314,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1554739155753,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"84404015eff611e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486775274108,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"13911686944","password":"000000","level":0,"nickName":"赵金亮","realName":null,"signName":"c","head":null,"phone":"13911686944","mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":1,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24535","isDel":0,"createAt":1547368959120,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"胶质瘤八大基因检测要不要做","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">关于胶质瘤八大基因检测要不要做？也是非常多患者朋友想要了解的内容，接下里我详细介绍下八大基因检测。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">在胶质瘤面前人们会感到无助、失望，但是不管怎样患者还有患者家属都要尽全力去治疗，那么八大基因检测改作还是不该做？现在的科学技术水平已经很高了，分子生物学也有了比较大的发展，胶质瘤的分子诊断也成为了治疗上的补充，基因检测费用也是比较昂贵的，我国医保还没有得到完善，所以很多人都会纠结要不要做，我的建议是只做我们必需要做的分子检测。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">IDH1和IDH2突变可以说胶质瘤的分子诊断检测必不可少的，IDH1/2有无突变几乎成了WHO中枢神经胶质瘤的基石，IDH1/2突变的胶质瘤和相对良好的预后有很大关联，比如野生型胶质瘤则预后会很差。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1p和19q的共缺失，少突胶质瘤的分子诊断检查离不开1p19q的检测。1p/19q共缺失，提示该肿瘤患者预后良好，同时1p/19q共缺失也是烷化剂化疗、以及放疗+烷化剂联合治疗有反应的预测因素。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">MGMT启动子甲基化，在高级别胶质瘤的分子诊断检测中体现价值，MGMT启动子甲基化和IDH 突变明显相关，MGMT 启动子甲基化赋予了胶质母细胞瘤一个生存方面的优势。该检查尤其对老年胶质瘤的术后治疗选择具有指导意义。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">ATRX 突变，对于胶质瘤患者进行ATRX有无突变的检测用于但绝不是必需的检测，ATRX 突变总是和IDH突变相伴随，所以实际上完全可以只选择检测IDH1/2突变代替ATRX 突变检测就可以了。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">TERT 突变，建议对胶质瘤实施TERT 突变检测，但这个检测绝不是必需的，在IDH突变型亚群中，同时也有TERT突变的患者预后更好，但是在IDH野生型亚群中，同时有TERT突变患者的预后反而更差。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">BRAF融合和或突变适合临床，推荐做，BRAF融合的出现提示肿瘤就是毛细胞型星形胶质瘤的一个可靠证据，BRAF V600E更为复杂，因为它见于各种各样的从 1-4级肿瘤，需要和组织学一起考虑。BRAF融合的肿瘤倾向于休眠的肿瘤，此类肿瘤偶尔会复发，罕见进展到致命性肿瘤，BRAF V600E肿瘤治疗效果多变，需根据其他的突变以及临床病例做出诊断意见。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">H3F3A 突变， K27M胶质瘤通常不具有MGMT启动子甲基化，K27M突变是胶质瘤患者中一个不利预后的反应，一旦胶质母细胞瘤的诊断确立，那么突变并不具备任何指示意义。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">RELA融合检测在阳性的室管膜瘤，最新的肿瘤分类中属于一个独立存在的，和其他室管膜瘤相比，此类肿瘤更倾向于激进的生长。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"胶质瘤八大基因检测要不要做\" alt=\"胶质瘤八大基因检测要不要做\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"胶质瘤八大基因检测要不要做\" alt=\"胶质瘤八大基因检测要不要做\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":3503,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1547368959121,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1554738334445,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24530","isDel":0,"createAt":1547284964887,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"脑瘤胶质瘤做了三次手术了","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">脑瘤胶质瘤做了三次手术情况算是很少的了，第一次手术最好做，复发以后由于部位的改变，生长方式等的改变，病人全身情况都会发生很大变化，这时候做第二次都需要谨慎选择，更别说第三次手术了，第三次手术后患者就已经不再符合手术的条件了。特别是三次手术后复发多数肿瘤都会呈弥漫性，浸润性，多部位生长了，而且多数患者已经侵犯了功能区和脑中线部位，即使勉强切也切不了多少，所以手术的可能性很小了，当然也有像你所说的已经做了三次手术了，这时候需要做的是选择保守治疗的方法，不可再继续手术了。总之反复手术不能进行的原因很多，但一般而言，患者第三次手术的可能性很低。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">在做了第三次手术后一定要谨慎选择治疗方法，像这些患者不适合再次手术的可以选择其他的治疗方法来进行控制治疗，比如一些复发以后不能在手术的，多部位弥散性的高级别胶质瘤，这个时候我们可以采取介入化疗加免疫细胞治疗、贝伐单抗治疗，三种办法的组合在短期内可以达到一个比较好的效果。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"脑瘤胶质瘤做了三次手术了\" alt=\"脑瘤胶质瘤做了三次手术了\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"脑瘤胶质瘤做了三次手术了\" alt=\"脑瘤胶质瘤做了三次手术了\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1443,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1547284964888,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1547284964888,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24520","isDel":0,"createAt":1547195936067,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"胶质瘤术后辅助治疗要得到重视","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">胶质瘤是具有复发倾向的，且复发常常伴随着病情的恶化，也就是说由低级别胶质瘤向高级别转化，所以手术满意切除肿瘤后要进一步给与患者及时的、有效的辅助治疗需得到重视，以帮助患者更大程度的延长生存期。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">手术后放疗在治疗胶质瘤已经被公认为有效的辅助治疗手段，有助于降低局部复发率，可将胶母细胞瘤和间变星形细胞瘤患者的生存期太高</span>10-30个月不等的效果。目前放射治疗在我国也已经被医生还有患者接受，但放射靶区的勾画、时机的选择以及技术的优化都没有一个标准，所以实施起来会有很大差异，会选择常规放射治疗比较广泛，根据胶质瘤的等级选择方案，做到肿瘤细胞杀灭和正常组织保护这么一个平衡，希望在未来能有一个完整的治疗体系。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">在近几年来胶质瘤的化学治疗辅助治疗也是其他至关重要的作用，也是被人们肯定的辅助治疗方法，但在临床实施过程中仍存在很多问题，比如一些患者因得知胶质瘤是不治之症而放弃治疗，或者是因为经济条件的限制，在手术后无法承受继续化疗的情况，都是很普遍的，还有就是国内并无一个完整的神经肿瘤治疗团队，缺乏专职从事术后化疗的肿瘤内科医生，所以这些都是我们在以后需要完善的地方。目前认为，对高级别胶质瘤应常规给予化疗，低级别胶质瘤可根据手术切除程度和病理类型综合考虑是否化疗，分子病理学诊断对化疗方案的选择也有重要意义。当然患者在术后还是需要根据医生的指导，以服用替莫唑胺来达到对胶质瘤的治疗效果，临床表明还是由一个良好的治疗效果，根据病情的不同，治疗方案，剂量等都有不同的调整，切记不可自行用药。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"胶质瘤术后辅助治疗要得到重视\" alt=\"胶质瘤术后辅助治疗要得到重视\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"胶质瘤术后辅助治疗要得到重视\" alt=\"胶质瘤术后辅助治疗要得到重视\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1280,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1547195936070,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1547195936070,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24499","isDel":0,"createAt":1546771158515,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"胶质瘤手术医院如何选择","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">对于胶质瘤患者来说治疗是非常重要的一步，因为胶质瘤是一种神经上皮的恶性肿瘤，治疗起来会很麻烦，理论上手术是做不到全切的，不像良性肿瘤只要手术把那块切除就没事了，胶质瘤生长方式为浸润性，生长在脑部的任何部位，并且随着病情的发展会根深蒂固，等级也会随着变高，那么胶质瘤手术医院该如何选择呢？</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">胶质瘤手术是一个开颅手术，但现在的科学医疗水平已经很高了，不存在危险，但是在医院的选择上建议去正规的三甲医院来做，有条件的最好去北上广这类大城市三甲医院去做，最好选择有经验的医生主刀。这里需要主刀医生临床经验，不能只依赖设备和技术，在最大程度的切除肿瘤的同时，还要保留正常的脑组织，以保证术后患者生活质量得到保障，不能生命延长了生活没了质量，那还不如不做手术，所以医院的选择，医生的选择都要慎之又慎！大部分的低级别胶质瘤患者通过手术治疗还是会得到一个很好的结果，长期生存基本上没什么大问题，甚至会有十几年、二十几年的病人正常生活工作都是可能的，所以一定要有希望，要有信心。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">在医院的选择上一定不要盲目就决定，不然手术的不理想会让人悔之又悔，可以在网上查找这方面的专科医院，比如天坛医院、华山医院、解放军总医院都是有丰富经验的，另外就是找这方面的专家医生，临床经验丰富的来主刀，效果会比盲目选择的小医院做效果要好很多。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"胶质瘤手术医院如何选择\" alt=\"胶质瘤手术医院如何选择\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"胶质瘤手术医院如何选择\" alt=\"胶质瘤手术医院如何选择\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1568,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1546771158516,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1546771158516,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24478","isDel":0,"createAt":1546418841548,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"胶质瘤术后五年复发率高吗","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">胶质瘤是指一种大脑胶质瘤，从神经胶质发展而来，目前，胶质瘤的治疗主要以手术为主，通过其对病灶的切除，使病情得到有效控制。但术后并不意味着可以高枕无忧了，因为还要面临术后复发难题，那么，胶质瘤术后五年复发率高吗？</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">一般情况下，胶质瘤复发根据等级来决定，一些低级别胶质瘤复发率会低些，高级别胶质瘤复发率相对高很多，两年后复发的病人很在大多数，如果是五年复发，那么临床上就可以认为已经实现了临床康复！由于手术只能切除局部可见病灶，术后往往仍残留有微小、转移病灶，这些残癌会不断繁殖、生长，在短期内即可形成能够被查出的临床病灶，即出现了复发，而五年以上的患者已经算是很好了，复发率也算是相应很低的。由于手术是一种创伤性较大的治疗手段，而脑胶质瘤又是一种消耗性疾病，因而术后一两年往往正处于恢复期，患者体质较差，给癌细胞的生长、增殖创造有利条件，而两年后，患者体质已基本恢复，机体免疫力和抵抗力较强，因而不易出现复发。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"胶质瘤术后五年复发率高吗\" alt=\"胶质瘤术后五年复发率高吗\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"胶质瘤术后五年复发率高吗\" alt=\"胶质瘤术后五年复发率高吗\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1507,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1546418841549,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1546418841549,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24462","isDel":0,"createAt":1546072755966,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"李敖再见面对胶质瘤我们应该怎么做","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">李敖，</span>3月18日台湾著名作家、评论家、历史学家，于18日上午10时59分在台北荣总医院去世，享年83岁。根据李敖先生身前的采访以及家属的声明，可以得知李敖先生的所患的疾病为脑干胶质瘤，那面对胶质瘤我们该怎么做呢？</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">胶质瘤是一种源于神经上皮的肿瘤细胞，相对于其他癌症来说是很麻烦的一种疾病，通常手术和术后放化疗治疗为主要的手段，但是理论上是无法得到完全的切除的，也就是说最终还是会复发，平均生存期在</span>1-5年之间。根据不同性质的肿瘤，不同年龄，不同部位，治疗手段和临床处理方法都是不同的，常见的临床表现有：头痛、头晕、颅内压增高、神经功能障碍等，李敖先生最初就是因左脚行动不便而就医的。由于年龄比较大，身体素质的下降，治疗起来会更加困难，像这种情况已经不适合手术了，因为手术已经起不到想要的目的，有可能反而达到相反的作用，可以选择靶向治疗，生物治疗来进行一个控制治疗。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">靶向药治疗虽然对胶质瘤晚期患者会有一个非常不错的效果，但是这种药使用时间久了会产生耐药性，李敖先生就是只有三个月的靶向药治疗时间就已经失效了。随着对胶质瘤分子生物、分子病理学和新的信号转导通路的不断认识，更多的治疗靶点和相关药物研究正在开发中，还有免疫治疗也在探索中，但目前没有药物表现出明显的生存获益，希望在不久将来能有更好的效果。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"李敖再见面对胶质瘤我们应该怎么做\" alt=\"李敖再见面对胶质瘤我们应该怎么做\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"李敖再见面对胶质瘤我们应该怎么做\" alt=\"李敖再见面对胶质瘤我们应该怎么做\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1573,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1546072755966,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1546072755966,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24447","isDel":0,"createAt":1545811651165,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"胶质瘤治疗费用","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">想必胶质瘤患者以及家属对于胶质瘤治疗费用也是非常关心的，毕竟胶质瘤是一个非常严重的，需要长期治疗的疾病，所以经济这方面也是很重要的。对于胶质瘤治疗费用是根据病情来决定的，胶质瘤根据</span>WHO分型分为1-4级，1-2级胶质瘤预后相对比较良好，治疗费用相对低些，而3-4级预后往往不良，相对治疗起来会更麻烦，费用更多些。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">一般胶质瘤会选择常规的手术治疗和术后的放化疗来进行控制，对于单纯的胶质瘤手术费用会在</span>5万左右，这个是手术很顺利的费用。术后需要配合放化疗来做辅助治疗，对于放了的费用会在4-5万，当然这个需要根据胶质瘤的等级，还有病人自身的情况来制定方案，费用会有所浮动。化疗的话大多数会选择在家口服替莫唑胺来控制，这个费用的话也是需要根据病情来决定，比如一些低级别的患者可能需要3个疗程就够了，也有些需要长期化疗，那么一个月的费用大概是1万左右，也就是一个疗程的费用。当然也会有一些低级别胶质瘤患者年龄小于40岁，可以在手术后不做任何治疗就能有不错的效果，需要支付一个手术费用即可，当然胶质母细胞瘤这种高等级的患者，尽可能做手术和术后放化疗治疗，效果往往不会很明显，平均寿命只有1年左右，治疗起来花费也大，所以大部分家属会选择让患者带瘤生存，可以大大减轻经纪上的压力。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"胶质瘤治疗费用\" alt=\"胶质瘤治疗费用\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"胶质瘤治疗费用\" alt=\"胶质瘤治疗费用\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1413,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1545811651166,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1545811651166,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24426","isDel":0,"createAt":1545722379045,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"得了脑部胶质瘤还能活多久呢","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">在生活中最怕的就是癌症，也是所有人都无法接受的事情，就好比一份生命审判书让人痛不欲生，而脑部胶质瘤就是这种恶性肿瘤，那么得了脑部胶质瘤能活多久呢？这个也是很多患者都非常关心的问题。能否延长脑部胶质瘤患者生命最重要的因素就是治疗方法的选择，目前开颅手术是延长胶质瘤生命最好的选择，也是常规的治疗方法，紧接着就是术后的放化疗。影响患者能活多久，这里就比较关键了，需要选择一个最适合的方法来进行，手术治疗和专家的选择也要非常慎重，一个有经验的医生主刀，可以大大提高生存期！</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">还有一个影响生存期的因素就是心理因素，态度积极，很快的消除消极情绪，乐观开朗，阳光向上的态度可以很好的帮助患者自身提高术后的恢复和预防，从而提高了自身的免疫力，来使生存期相应提高。家里人的支持也是很重要的，一些患者家属消极的态度，反而使患者自己想不开，产生抑郁、孤独的情绪，这时家人的一句鼓舞的话，安慰的话会起到很大的作用，都是提高生存期的方法。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">现在的科学医疗技术的提高，使得胶质瘤患者活得会更加长久，像一些低级别胶质瘤患者手术能够做到切除干净，那么生活个十年二十年也是有很大可能的，但如果是一些高级别胶质瘤患者或者手术无法做到全切的，那么相对来说活的时间短些，胶质母细胞瘤患者后期生存期临床统计会在</span>1-2年复发。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"得了脑部胶质瘤还能活多久呢\" alt=\"得了脑部胶质瘤还能活多久呢\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"得了脑部胶质瘤还能活多久呢\" alt=\"得了脑部胶质瘤还能活多久呢\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1444,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1545722379046,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1545722379046,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24390","isDel":0,"createAt":1545554691529,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"脑胶质瘤百分百复发吗","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">脑胶质瘤百分百复发吗？其实胶质瘤并不是百分百复发的，是有个别会有治愈的机会，但是大部分还是会复发的，所以这个疾病非常可怕，需要及早发现及早治疗。为什么脑胶质瘤复发率如此之高呢？并且会被人们认为是百分百复发？主要是因为脑胶质瘤的生长方式非常特别，它是一种浸润性生长的，可生长在脑部任何部位，随着病情的发展这种浸润性会更加深层次，所以手术切除理论上是不可能达到全切的，会导致胶质瘤患者的复发率如此之高。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">目前通常是按照影像学的边界来切除肿瘤，然而大部分情况影像学的边界并不是肿瘤细胞的边界，肿瘤中心肿瘤细胞密度最高，离中心远的肿瘤细胞密度是逐渐降低的，更甚至影像学很难确认，难免会有残留的肿瘤细胞，也有很多人会想为什么不把切除范围扩大，肿瘤细胞全部切除呢？首先手术的这一操作是在脑组织，也就是说要想把肿瘤细胞完全切除必须切除重要的功能结构组织，比如说一些管理说话，视觉，运动的脑区域，切除扩大极大可能造成失语，视力下降，瘫痪等术后后遗症。所以手术过程会顾及患者的神经功能障碍，在最大限度范围内进行一个手术的切除，以保证患者术后生活质量的同时，来切除肿瘤。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">如果是有残留的肿瘤细胞，将来会像雨后春笋一样再次复发，当然相对于一些功能性不强的脑区域，手术可以适当地扩大切除，比如低级别额叶胶质瘤，以最大程度的去切除肿瘤细胞，大多数患者在术后接受放化疗，杀死残余的肿瘤细胞，达到延缓或者甚至避免复发的目的。还有一些脑干这些比较重要的脑区域，医生一般不建议手术的原因也在于此，即使切除也是不敢多切，残留肿瘤细胞越多，造成复发的可能性更大，可以说脑干胶质瘤是一定会复发的！所以这种疾病非常可怕。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"脑胶质瘤百分百复发吗\" alt=\"脑胶质瘤百分百复发吗\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"脑胶质瘤百分百复发吗\" alt=\"脑胶质瘤百分百复发吗\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1803,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1545554691530,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1545554691530,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24349","isDel":0,"createAt":1545295397028,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"胶质瘤的几种治疗方法介绍","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">胶质瘤的治疗方法主要有手术切除、放疗和全身性药物治疗，这也是胶质瘤最常规的治疗方法，低级别的胶质瘤通过手术在某些条件下可以选择不用放化疗就能得到很好的效果，但如果是高级别的胶质瘤是需要这三者常规治疗方法相结合，来达到目的的。具体需要采取什么治疗方法，需要考虑很多因素，比如病灶的形态、肿瘤大小、位置，患者的年龄，身体状况等等因素，接下来我简单介绍下胶质瘤的几种治疗方法。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">第一就是外科手术切除，也是胶质瘤最主要的治疗方法，医生会通过脑部</span>CT和核磁共振，做出相应的方案，尽可能的切除掉大部分胶质瘤，但是还有一部分胶质瘤细胞会浸润在脑组织中，所以是无法全部切除的，这也是胶质瘤手术麻烦的地方，所以一些有经验的医生会凭自己的经验来尽可能扩切，最大程度保留患者术后的生活质量前提下把肿瘤细胞全切。剩余的胶质瘤细胞依靠放化疗来进行消除，术后需要通过病理检测，组织切片，判断性质决定后续的治疗。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">第二个是放射治疗，放疗常见于手术后无法切除，或者术后有残余的病灶来完成放疗。放疗的剂量和次数要根据不同的病理形态、部位、年龄而定，一般会选择局部放疗，定位放疗对肿瘤细胞杀灭，还是能有非常不错的效果。病灶范围小的可以做伽玛刀等这类剂量小，效果好的放射治疗。接下来就是化疗，临床上胶质瘤患者会选择化疗的方式对病情进行控制，一般选择口服替莫唑胺来进行治疗，一个月一疗程，每个疗程</span>5-6天，根据病情来决定化疗时间，使患者做到长期生存还是很容易的。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"胶质瘤的几种治疗方法介绍\" alt=\"胶质瘤的几种治疗方法介绍\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"胶质瘤的几种治疗方法介绍\" alt=\"胶质瘤的几种治疗方法介绍\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1342,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1545295397029,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1545295397029,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24312","isDel":0,"createAt":1545123739871,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"胶质瘤怎么判断级别","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">胶质瘤怎么判断级别？首先会通过脑部</span>CT和MRI表现，要综合考虑患者的病史、症状、体征、辅助检查以及术后病理等进行综合考虑和判断，胶质瘤在CT上，往往表现为脑内、低信号的病变，低级别胶质瘤一般无瘤周水肿，高级别胶质瘤往往伴有瘤周水肿。胶质瘤在这里分为四个等级，1-2级为低级别，3-4级可认为是高级别，低级别胶质瘤在磁共振上往往表现为T1低信号、T2高信号的脑内病变，主要位于白质内，与周围脑组织在影像上往往存在较为清晰的边界，瘤周水肿往往较轻，病变一般不强化。高级别胶质瘤一般信号不均一，T1低信号、T2高信号，但如有出血存在，则T1有时也有高信号的存在;肿瘤往往有明显的不均一强化;肿瘤与周围脑组织界限不清，瘤周水肿较为严重。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">此外，</span>CT在发现是否有肿瘤出血以及钙化优于核磁共振，瘤卒中发生的出血，在CT上表现为高信号，提示肿瘤的恶性程度较高，钙化的发生胶质瘤的病理类型少枝可能性大。核磁共振在显示肿瘤的部位、性质优于CT，来通过影像学的特点来判断胶质瘤的等级，有时，胶质瘤与其他的病变，例如炎症、缺血等，不是很容易区分，通过这些检查，一般可以在手术前，对胶质瘤的部位以及恶性程度级别，有个初步的临床判断。但是，最终的诊断，要依赖于手术后的病理诊断。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"胶质瘤怎么判断级别\" alt=\"胶质瘤怎么判断级别\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"胶质瘤怎么判断级别\" alt=\"胶质瘤怎么判断级别\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\"/></p>","barId":"1337","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2369,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1545123739872,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1545123739872,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1529371599706,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"顺其自然","password":"wb3351607","level":0,"nickName":"顺其自然","realName":null,"signName":"哈哈","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"690821215@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"24252","isDel":0,"createAt":1544780476851,"createBy":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","createName":"顺其自然","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d0ce9cd7735f11e8972100163e0462f1","title":"低级别胶质瘤手术重要吗","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">低级别胶质瘤手术是非常重要的，因为低级别胶质瘤大多数患者都会复发，以前的医疗技术水平有限，可能一两年就会复发，但随着社会的发展，医疗水平也在提高，可能八九年患者也能正常生活，这样会给患者治疗带来更多的期望，这里最重要的就是手术，也是至关重要的第一步。</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">得了胶质瘤之后，我们首先要对其认识不是很全面，在</span>20年前是一个治疗效果非常差的疾病，但是目前来说胶质瘤并不是那么的可怕，尤其是低级别的胶质瘤更容易控制。比如现在的乳腺癌、甲状腺癌等，通过治疗已经可以成为一个慢性病，病人可以长期生存，正常的生活工作，大家都有很强的求胜欲，对于低级别胶质瘤也可以把它看作慢性病对待。二级别以下就可以认为是低级别胶质瘤，也是临床上最多的患者人群，手术的治疗方式对其切除，理论上胶质瘤是不可能完全切除的，多切少切都是不合适的，需要手术医生临床经验，不能只依赖设备和技术，在尽可能最大程度的切除后，还要保留正常脑组织，术后患者还要有良好的生活质量，这样才是成功的手术。通过影像学检查，追求组织学的全切，所以手术中实际的测量切除肿瘤大小要比影像学看到的大一些，首先达到影像学上的参数，就是术后做磁共振没有肿瘤显示了，第二是很可能比影像学切除要进了一步。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">大部分低级别胶质瘤患者都能获得一个满意的治疗效果，长期生存是没什么大的问题，甚至一些病人十几年过去了，也能正常生活和工作，前提是低级别胶质瘤手术非常重要，建议找这方面的专家医生，临床经验丰富的医生来主刀，效果会比在小医院做效果要好很多！</span></span></p><p style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539830466814.png\" title=\"低级别胶质瘤手术重要吗\" alt=\"低级别胶质瘤手术重要吗\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 32px; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">上图是解放军总医院第一附属医院傅相平写的《脑胶质瘤解密》，希望能帮到更多的患者，同时胶质瘤解密总群成立，傅相平教授也会定期在群里为大家免费解答疑惑，患者或者患者家属也可以在群里互相讨论，全程不收取任何费用哦。</span></span></p><p style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539829777762.jpg\" title=\"低级别胶质瘤手术重要吗\" alt=\"低级别胶质瘤手术重要吗\" width=\"219\" 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