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在临床各科的日常诊疗中，性功能障碍是较常见的主诉与症状，只是许多病人在就诊时并不主动谈及此问题，而往往会以腰酸、乏力、烦躁、情绪低落等主诉来作为就诊的理由，因此需要医生公开坦率地主动关心病人是否存在性功能障碍的困扰。根据我国的一项调查资料，至少有10%的成年男性存在性功能障碍，严重地影响到了人们的心身健康，迫切需要引起整个社会的广泛关注。

\"什么是性功能障碍\"

 

所谓性功能障碍是指个人在性欲上的障碍，或是达到性满足的能力上的障碍。除了某些例外，这种障碍没有解剖上或生理上的病理基础，大致是建立在不当的心性适应和学习上。这些障碍在程度上有很大的变异，但无论是哪一方面的功能障碍，性关系中的双方在性愉悦上都会受到不利影响。

 

根据人类性反应的阶段性特点，性功能障碍大致分成以下四种：

 

①性欲的抑制。表现为对异性兴趣缺乏和性欲唤起困难。

 

②性兴奋抑制。如阳痿，性冷淡等。

 

③性高潮抑制。男性阴茎能够勃起，女性亦能出现正常的性兴奋期，但双方无法同时达到性高潮，如早泄、射精延迟、女性性高潮缺乏等。

 

④其他性功能障碍，如阴道痉挛、性交疼痛等。

 

关于实际的性功能障碍问题，男子目前最普遍的是射精过快（36%），较个别的是在保持勃起方面的问题（9%），还有是难以勃起（7%）、无法射精（4%）。不止一个性功能障碍问题的男子有8%，而妇女则是63%。后者都是在获得兴奋方面的障碍（48%）、达到性高潮的障碍（46%）、保持兴奋的障碍（33%），以及无法获得性高潮（15%）。然而，亦有11%的妇女抱怨自己太快到达性高潮。

 

引起性功能障碍的原因，属于器质性因素的毕竟是少数，绝大多数是由心理因素引起的。

 

常见的心理因素有：

 

①担心性功能不正常。主要担心阳痿、早泄。产生一时性阳痿或早泄的，大多数与环境因素和心理压力有关。

 

②担心体亏。认为射精会大伤元气，因而在较长一段时期内禁欲。这种“射精伤身”的误解，来自于“精液是人生之宝”和“精液比血液宝贵”的误传。

 

③担心自己的性生活不正常。人类的性生活有隐蔽性和不可对照性特点，每个人只知道自己和配偶的性生活情况，无法知道其他夫妻间的性功能情况，这就使某些人产生“我的性生活是否会不正常”的担忧。其实，这种担忧不但是多余的、没有必要的，而且还会加重病人的负性心理，产生心理压力，反而真的影响了性功能。

 

④担心配偶不满意。过性生活时就有心理压力，结果真的导致了性功能障碍。

 

⑤担心阴茎太小，不能使妻子满足。其实，性的和谐与否，关键在于双方感情交流和密切配合的程度。了解了影响性功能的心理因素后，就能进行自我调节了。对自已的性功能要有信心，妻子也要谅解、鼓励，配合，才能达到性和谐。


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\"尿道结石有什么治疗误区\"

 

尿道结石治疗存在误区三：药物排石不伤身

 

找良医网专家介绍，至目前为止，还没有一种能够确切排结石的药物。研究证明，即使不做任何治疗，0.3─0.5cm的结石(绿豆大小)有13%─18%会自然排出，医学上称之为“自然排石率”，如果服用药物后的排石率没有超过自然排石率，就很难证明这种药物能有效排石。

 

尿道结石治疗存在误区二：冲击波碎石一次搞定

 

专家指出，作为治疗泌尿结石的首选手段，冲击波碎石设备和技术已经普及，如果没有严格控制使用方法，超声波在打碎结石的同时也会伤害肾脏。一般大于花生米的结石就得分次治疗。如果粗暴地单单以碎石为目的，轻则导致肾脏功能受损，重则因为血管挛缩而引致肾脏萎缩。

 

尿道结石治疗存在误区一：结石不痛是好事

 

专家指出，肾结石之所以痛，多数是因为结石在泌尿系统内移动造成的，当结石逐渐增大后，就基本上不再移动，人也不会觉得痛了。此外，当大的结石长期存在于肾内，产生的积水越来越多，肾内压力增加会导致内部感觉神经破坏，也不会觉得疼痛。因此，当结石不再疼痛，反而不是好事。

 

专家提醒：尿道结石除了原发病的损害外，还可以引起尿道梗阻，结石对局部黏膜的长期机械刺激引起黏膜损伤，发生炎症、溃疡、增生、感染、脓肿等，少数甚至引起尿瘘等严重并发症。

 

所以患了尿道结石应该及时治疗，而专家又说，无论使用中医还是西医方法，暂时止住结石导致的疼痛都不是什么难事，治疗结石的关键是要把结石从体内消灭。


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\"尿道结石会引起哪些并发症\"

尿结石是需要长时间的治疗，那么尿结石的并发症有哪些呢?

 

尿结石的并发症主要有：

 

1、局部损伤：较小的结石，容易磨伤尿路的粘膜从而就会引起出血、肾绞痛。大的鹿角型的尿结石，可长期压迫尿路粘膜，使上皮脱落、组织溃疡，以至结石与输尿管管壁形成粘连，严重的还可能会引起癌变。

 

2、尿路梗阻：尿路梗阻后，梗阻以上的输尿管和肾盂就会扩张、积水。肾积水时，肾脏实质受到挤压，影响肾功能，如果肾积水长期没有解决，可使整个肾脏功能丧失功能。要是双侧尿路都有梗阻的话，就会导致尿毒症。

 

3、尿路感染：尿路感染会并发细菌的感染，肾积水继法感染后可形成肾积脓，严重的尿路感染还可能造成败血病，威胁人的生命。另外，尿路感染又促进结石的形成，使原有的结石迅速的增加

 

4、代谢性疾病：结石由人体代谢产物构成，因此与新陈代谢有密切的关系。例如含钙结石就和钙磷代谢、草酸代谢有关。不同种类的结石，代谢异常的原因不同。常见的有痛风、高尿酸血症、甲状旁腺功能亢进、肾小管性酸中毒、吸收型高草酸尿(小肠切除、内源性疾病、空肠回肠旁路术等使结肠粘膜上皮直接暴露于胆盐，使结肠对草酸吸收大大增加所致)等。

 

5、尿路异物：尿路中的异物可成为尿结石的核心而逐渐形成结石。最常见的是留置的尿管，其它还有尿路的植物性、金属性和矿物性等异物。

 

任何一个尿结石患者都是很有必要去了解尿结石的并发症，那样才可以让自己有危机感，才能让自己为了身体健康而去积极的配合医生的治疗，从而那样也就可以让自己早日的摆脱尿结石所带来的巨大的痛苦。


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\"得了尿道结石要做好哪些生活调整\"

 

1、多饮水、少憋尿，防止尿液浓缩，每天饮水量不少于2000mL，减少尿内固体成份的沉淀，预防新的结石形成。

 

2、加强体育锻炼，增加机体免疫功能，改善工作环境，避免长期高温作业，有针对性改善水源水质，降低饮用水中浓度过高矿物质的含量，是预防结石形成的根本途径。

 

3、增加活动量，如跑步、跳跃、跳绳、上下楼梯等，可促使结石移动排出。

 

4、长期卧床患者，应帮助病人多活动、勤翻身，以减少骨质脱胎换骨钙，增进尿流通畅。

 

5、限制含钙、含草酸食物及动物蛋白的摄入量。如牛奶、乳酪、各种豆类；菠菜、甜菜、可可、咖啡、巧克力、红茶、草莓；动物内脏心肝、脑等。

 


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许多男性朋友都有过排尿疼痛、排尿费力等排尿困难的经历，出现这些症状要警惕尿道结石问题。这些症状给男性带来严重的影响，危害男性的健康和生活。一起来看看吧！

\"男人排尿困难小心尿结石

 

尿道结石给男性带来的伤害

 

1、疼痛：原发性尿道结石常是逐渐长大，或位于憩室内，早期可无疼痛症状。继发性结石多系突然嵌入尿道内，常突感尿道疼痛和排尿痛。疼痛可向阴茎头、会阴部或直肠放射。

 

2、排尿困难：结石引起尿道不全梗阻，可有尿线变细、分叉及射出无力，伴有尿频、尿急及尿滴沥。继发性尿道结石，由于结石突然嵌入尿道内，多骤然发生排尿中断，并有强烈尿意及膀胱里急后重，多发生急性尿潴留。

 

3、血尿及尿道分泌物：急诊病人常有终末血尿或尿初血尿，或排尿终末有少许鲜血滴出。伴有剧烈疼痛；慢性病人尿道常有黏液性或脓性分泌物。

 

4、尿道压痛及硬结：绝大多数病人均能在尿道结石局部触到硬结并有压痛，后尿道结石可通过直肠指诊触及。尿道憩室内的多发性结石，可触到结石的沙石样摩擦感。

 

 


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\"男性尿道结石的三大危害\"

一、局部损伤：

 

小的结石，可以在尿路内自由活动，容易磨伤尿路粘膜引起出血、肾绞痛，但是这种局部损伤还是比较轻的。大的比较固定的或鹿角性的尿结石，虽然疼痛并不厉害，但可长期压迫尿路粘膜，使上皮脱落、组织溃疡，以至结石与输尿管管壁形成粘连，严重的还可能引起癌变。

 

二、尿路梗阻：

 

 

肾、输尿管结石最容易在肾盂输尿管连接处，输尿管跨过髂血管和输尿管部位停留，引起尿路梗阻。尿路梗阻后，梗阻以上的输尿管和肾盂就会扩张、积水，肾脏积水可分为轻度、中度和重度肾积水。肾积水时，肾脏实质受到挤压，影响肾功能，如果肾积水长期没有解决，可使整个肾脏功能丧失功能。要是双侧尿路都有梗阻的话，就会导致尿毒症。

 

三、尿路感染：

 

尿路感染长并发细菌感染，肾积水继法感染后可形成肾积脓，严重的尿路感染还可能造成败血病，威胁人的生命。另外，尿路感染又促进结石的形成，使原有的结石迅速增加。


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\"尿道结石症状是什么

尿道结石症状是什么

 

1、排尿困难

 

结石引起尿道不全梗阻，可有尿线变细、分叉及射出无力，伴有尿频、尿急及尿滴沥，继发性尿道结石，由于结石突然嵌入尿道内，多骤然发生排尿中断，并有强烈尿意及膀胱里急后重，多发生急性尿潴留。疼痛，原发性尿道结石常是逐渐长大，或位于憩室内，早期可无疼痛症状，继发性结石多是突然嵌入尿道内，常突感尿道疼痛和排尿痛。

 

2、尿道压痛及硬结

 

绝大多数病人均能在尿道结石局部触到硬结并有压痛，后尿道结石可通过直肠指诊触及，尿道憩室内的多发性结石，可触到结石的沙石样摩擦感。

 

3、血尿及尿道分泌物

 

急诊病人常有终末血尿或尿初血尿，或排尿终末有少许鲜血滴出，伴有剧烈疼痛，慢性病人尿道常有黏液性或脓性分泌物。

 

尿道石有4大危害

 

1、导致尿路梗阻

 

肾、输尿管结石最容易在肾盂输尿管连接处，输尿管跨过髂血管和输尿管部位停留，引起尿路梗阻。尿路梗阻后，梗阻以上的输尿管和肾盂就会扩张、积水，肾脏积水可

 

分为轻度、中度和重度肾积水。肾积水时，肾脏实质受到挤压，影响肾功能，如果肾积水长期没有解决，可使整个肾脏功能丧失功能。要是双侧尿路都有梗阻的话，就会导致尿毒症。

 

2、导致尿路堵塞

 

小的结石，可以在尿道内自由活动，很容易磨伤尿路粘膜，引起出血、肾绞痛等。大的比较固定的或鹿角性的尿结石，疼痛不明显，不易在尿道内自由活动，但可长期压迫尿路粘膜，使上皮脱落、组织溃疡，以至结石与输尿管管壁形成粘连，严重的还可能引起癌变。

 

3、导致尿路感染

 

尿路感染长并发细菌感染，肾积水继法感染后可形成肾积脓，严重的尿路感染还可能造成败血病，威胁人的生命。另外，尿路感染又促进结石的形成，使原有的结石迅速增加。

 

4、损伤

 

较大的结石或表面粗糙的结石在活动的过程中，会损伤肾盂、输尿管的粘膜，造成出血、糜烂、溃疡，甚至可引起自发性肾破裂或肾瘘，粘膜长期被刺激的结果还可引起鳞状上皮癌。


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\"尿道结石是怎么引起

尿道结石较少见，多数发生在男性身上，而比率往往高于女性，大部分尿道结石来自于肾和膀胱，少部分是发生于尿道狭窄、尿道憩室或异物的原发性结石。

 

尿道结石的原因

 

尿道结石多数来源于膀胱和上尿路，并停留于前列腺尿道、尿道球部、阴茎部、舟状窝或尿道外口处。所以其成分与膀胱结石或上尿路结石的成分一致。如果结石与感染有关。原发尿道结石多为感染结石，通常为多发。结石也可以原发于尿道狭窄近端或者尿道憩室中。

 

尿道结石的病因

 

尿道结石除了原发病的损害外，还可以引起尿道梗阻，结石对局部粘膜的长期机械刺激引起粘膜损伤，发生炎症、溃疡、增生、感染、脓肿等，少数甚至引起尿瘘等严重并发症。

 

　


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我们大家都知道，一种疾病的出现，是多种致病因素相互作用的结果。当然，导致尿道结石这种疾病出现的因素也是多方面的，有个体方面的因素，也有环境方面的因素。尿道结石本身会对人体造成危害之外，它还会引发一些严重的并发症，例如尿道梗阻、尿瘘等。由此可见，预防尿道结石是非常重要的。下面就为大家介绍一下尿道结石的病因及预防。

\"尿道结石的病因是什么\"

 

尿道结石的病因

 

1、环境因素

 

自然环境：如地区的差异，气候条件差异，如炎热的地区可因出汗多导致尿液浓度升高，水质中钙质成分的增加使尿道结石更易于形成。

 

社会条件：动物蛋白摄入过高使儿童膀胱结石较多；水果、蔬菜丰富的地区草酸盐类结石增多；生活物质丰富使上尿道结石增多，非洲少数贫困地区膀胱结石多见。

 

2、尿路因素

 

患前列腺肥大患者引起尿路通畅度下降，残尿量增加，膀胱结石生成机会增大；输尿管先天狭窄致肾盂积水易成结石，同时结石梗阻尿路又使尿道结石生长加快；尿道结石绝大多数来自膀胱和肾脏的结石。

 

3、个体因素

 

①遗传因素：有些常染色体遗传所致的肾小管功能障碍，先天性酶缺欠等都是与结石形成关系密切的一些遗传疾病。结实病患者的家族中结实病发病率高于非结石病患者家族。

 

②疾病：一些疾病如甲亢，皮质醇增多症，长期卧床，溶骨性骨肿瘤，等等都有诱发尿道结石形成的可能。

 

③其它代谢异常：除一些先天性或后天性疾病引起的代谢异常外，还有一些原因不十分清楚的代谢异常，如特发性高尿钙，特发性高尿酸等。

 

④饮食习惯和机体的适应能力：不喜欢喝水的人结石发生率升高，多食乳品增加钙的吸收多食肉类使尿中尿酸增多，大量食用菠菜可增加尿中草酸的排量，都有增大结石形成的因素的可能。有的人群长期离开自己的原生地，有部分人就增加了结石病发病的机会。

 


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\"哪些习惯容易尿道结石？\"

 

1.喝水少，经常憋尿。不要憋尿，多喝多尿有助于细菌、致癌物质和易结石物质快速排出体外，减轻肾脏和膀胱受害的机会。反之，容易形成结石。

 

2.常喝啤酒。有人认为啤酒能利尿，可防止尿结石的发生。其实，酿啤酒的麦芽汁中含有钙、草酸、乌核苷酸和嘌呤核苷酸等酸性物质，他们相互所用，可使人体内的尿酸增加，成为肾结石的重要诱因。

 

3.爱吃肉类、动物内脏。控制肉类和动物内脏的摄入量，因为肉类代谢产生尿酸，动物内脏是高嘌呤食物，分解代谢也会产生高血尿酸，而尿酸是形成结石的成份。

 

4.爱吃食盐。太咸的饮食会加重肾脏的工作负担，而盐和钙在体内具有协同作用，并可以干扰预防和治疗肾结石药物的代谢过程。食盐每天的摄入量应小于5克。

 

5.慎食菠菜。据统计，90%以上的结石都含钙，而草酸钙结石者约占87.5%。如果食物中草酸盐摄人量过多，尿液中的草酸钙又处于过饱和状态，多余的草酸钙晶体就可能从尿中析出而形成结石。在食物中，含草酸盐最高的是菠菜，而菠菜又是人们常吃的蔬菜之一。

 

6.睡前喝牛奶。由于牛奶中含钙较多，而结石中大部分都含有钙盐。结石形成的最危险因素是钙在尿中浓度短时间突然增高。饮牛奶后2～3小时，正是钙通过肾脏排除的高峰，如此时正处于睡眠状态，尿液浓缩，钙通过肾脏较多，故易形成结石。

 

7.多吃糖。服糖后尿中的钙离子浓度、草酸及尿的酸度均会增加，尿酸度增加，可使尿酸钙、草酸钙易于沉淀，促使结石形成。

 

8.晚餐晚吃。人的排钙高峰期通常在进餐后4～5小时，如果晚餐过晚，当排钙高峰期到来时，人已上床入睡，尿液便潴留在输尿管、膀胱、尿道等尿路中，不能及时排出体外，致使尿中的钙不断增加，容易沉积下来形成小晶体，久而久之，逐渐扩大形成结石。

 

9.不爱吃蔬菜和水果。蔬菜和水果含维生素b1及维生素c，它们在体内最后代谢产物是碱性的，尿酸在碱性尿内易于溶解，不爱吃蔬菜和水果容易形成结石。

 

　10.增加蛋白质的摄入。有研究表明高蛋白饮食可增加尿结石的发病率。


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\"多饮水能预防预防结石吗

 

答案已经清楚了，由上面我们知道，每日大量饮水能稀释尿液、减少尿中结晶的形成，同时还能将结晶或微小结石冲出体外，因此是预防结石的一种有效手段，并且简便易行、没有副作用，值得提倡!

 

怎么喝水才是正确的呢?只要你的身体状况许可，应坚持每日饮水2500ml以上，保持尿量在2000ml以上、尿比重低于1.010为宜。不必苛求纯净水，一般的白开水即可。但浓茶、咖啡、果汁、牛奶等饮料不能替代饮水，因其中含有较多的草酸、VC或钙质等，长期过度饮用反而可能促进结石形成。

 


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我国是世界上三大结石高发区之一，泌尿系结石是我国的常见病、多发病。据统计，我国发病率为1%～5%，南方更高达5%～10%。这是什么概念呢?100个国人中就可能会有5个人患泌尿系结石，这比我们买彩票中大奖机会要大很多。结石发作时，患者大汗淋漓、辗转反侧、痛不欲生的样子，相信遭受过泌尿系结石折磨的人一定都记忆深刻。

\"尿道结石那些事儿

 

防病重于治病，很多人都关心结石如何预防。多饮水能不能预防结石形成呢?让我们从结石的成因说起。

 

1、结石是什么东西组成的?

 

泌尿系结石可以由不同成分组成，有些含有钙，如草酸钙结石、磷酸钙结石、碳酸钙结石等;有些不含钙，比如胱氨酸结石、黄嘌呤结石、尿酸或尿酸盐结石、磷酸镁铵结石、纤维素结石等。也可以混合存在。因人而异，同样是肾结石，一个人跟另一个人结石成分很可能是不大一样的。

 

2、泌尿系结石是从哪里来的?怎么就变成“石头”了?

 

这些物质都是我们吃进身体内的吗?其实准确地说，它们都是我们机体新陈代谢的产物，并经尿液排泄。在尿中相互发生化学反应形成化合物，成为我们所指的结石成分。只有当其在尿中浓度过高、尿液PH值等理化指标异常、尿中抑制结石形成的一些物质减少的时候，尤其是合并泌尿系梗阻、慢性感染或尿路存在异物等情况下，按照结石形成的“核心”理论，最初尿中析出物质构成的小晶体、坏死的细菌团或异物等形成了“核心”，尿液中处于过饱和状态的结石成分不断析出、覆盖核心之上，结石就像“滚雪球”一样渐渐长大了。

 

3、哪些人容易长结石?

 

这个细说起来也挺复杂。简单来说，常见有几种情况：一种是一些人本身代谢异常。如存在原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、痛风、骨质疏松、高草酸尿症等疾病，会造成尿中所溶解的结石成分处于过饱和状态，易于析出形成结晶。第二种是存在泌尿系梗阻。梗阻会造成尿液排泄减缓，晶体易于沉积，如合并输尿管狭窄、严重前列腺增生等病人。第三种是存在慢性泌尿系感染的病人。感染容易改变尿液理化性质，并有炎症反应的坏死组织等形成结石核心，从而满足了结石形成的条件。上述几种因素还可相互促进。

 

饮水少会导致尿液浓缩、析出结晶，而饮水不少但总是大量出汗的人也会导致这种结果。长期过度补钙会造成尿钙增加。这些都“有利”于结石形成。

 

长期饮用高矿物质水的人。水中矿物质含量过高，并且长期饮用，会导致体内矿物质过剩，增加结石病症发病几率。

 

不良饮食习惯的人。如爱吃动物内脏、菠菜、豆腐等豆制品，喝浓茶、酒、咖啡等。吃得过于精细等，也易出现尿结石。

 

 


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肾结石与尿道结石的区别是？

 

一、结石部位的不同：肾结石发生在肾脏，而尿道结石发生在尿道的结石多来自于其上的泌尿系统，特别是膀胱，也可发生在尿道憩室内。

\"还在傻傻分不清肾结石与尿道结石吗\"

 

二、结石成因的不同：肾结石病因可分为原发性、其他疾病与饮食习惯有关，肾结石的成分大部分是草酸钙；尿道结石分为原发性尿道结石和继发性尿道结石，主要是尿道狭窄、感染、潴留性囊肿等所致。

 

三、结石症状的不同：肾结石常见症状为腰腹部绞痛、恶心、呕吐、烦躁不安、腹胀、血尿等；尿道结石常见症状为排尿困难、排尿费力等。

 

如何治疗泌尿结石

 

一、体外冲击波碎石术：对于结石较小，不愿意做手术的患者来讲，体外冲击波是比较好的非手术治疗手段。技术优势：1、不开刀，无伤口。2、痛苦小、损伤小。3、易排除、恢复快。4、时间短、见效快。

 

二、经皮肾镜取石术：经皮肾镜取石术是保肾取石技术的一种，经皮肾镜微创取石术又称为“打洞取石”是通过经皮肾镜在在腰背部开一个1厘米的皮肤切口，用一根纤细的穿刺针直接从切口进入肾脏，置入肾镜内取石。技术优势：1、创伤轻微，出血少，手术安全性高。2、手术适应症范围大。3、准确引导，手术视野清晰。4、软硬结合，去除结石更高效。

 

如何预防结石？

 

1、多喝水

 

不憋尿不要憋尿，多喝多尿有助于细菌、致癌物质和易结石物质快速排出体外，减轻肾脏和膀胱受害的机会。

\"还在傻傻分不清肾结石与尿道结石吗\"

 

2、少喝啤酒

 

有人认为啤酒能利尿，可防止尿结石的发生。其实，酿啤酒的麦芽汁中含有钙、草酸、乌核苷酸和嘌呤核苷酸等酸性物质，他们相互所用，可使人体内的尿酸增加，成为肾结石的重要诱因。

 

3、肉类

 

动物内脏要少吃控制肉类和动物内脏的摄入量，因为肉类代谢产生尿酸，动物内脏是高嘌呤食物，分解代谢也会产生高血尿酸，而尿酸是形成结石的成份。因此，日常饮食应以素食为主，多食含纤维素丰富的食品。

 

4、少吃食盐

 

太咸的饮食会加重肾脏的工作负担，而盐和钙在体内具有协同作用，并可以干扰预防和治疗肾结石药物的代谢过程。食盐每天的摄入量应小于5克。

 

5、慎食菠菜

 

据统计，90%以上的结石都含钙，而草酸钙结石者约占87.5%。如果食物中草酸盐摄人量过多，尿液中的草酸钙又处于过饱和状态，多余的草酸钙晶体就可能从尿中析出而形成结石。在食物中，含草酸盐最高的是菠菜，而菠菜又是人们常吃的蔬菜之一。

 

6、睡前别喝牛奶

 

由于牛奶中含钙较多，而结石中大部分都含有钙盐。结石形成的最危险因素是钙在尿中浓度短时间突然增高。饮牛奶后2～3小时，正是钙通过肾脏排除的高峰，如此时正处于睡眠状态，尿液浓缩，钙通过肾脏较多，故易形成结石。

\"还在傻傻分不清肾结石与尿道结石吗\"

 

7、多吃蔬菜和水果

 

蔬菜和水果含维生素B1及维生素C，它们在体内最后代谢产物是碱性的，尿酸在碱性尿内易于溶解，故有利于治疗和预防结石。


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女,67岁。尿结石4×3cm,是否能进行微创手术治疗

微创手术能治疗大的尿结石吗

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弯腰就胀痛，偶尔伴有恶心想吐，腰胀痛有时候就是隐隐作痛

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男,24岁。尿结石医院检查一个月，有开药治疗，近两天腰部疼痛厉害，恶心犯呕

5mm的尿结石，想手术治疗

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男,44岁。右下腹肋骨向下隐隐作痛，喝水后呕吐，痛时直不起腰。应该用如何方案治疗

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男,53岁。因血液里面细菌感染导致败血症，住院做B超查出有结石，检查诊断结果:肝实质光点稍粗 脾大 胆囊结石 胆囊炎 胆囊内细弱光点 考虑 胆泥沉积 约胆囊颈部近胆囊管处数个强光团 考虑 结石 右侧输尿管上段结石、扩张并右肾积水 右肾多发结石 左肾多发囊肿并部分囊壁钙化 前列腺稍大并多发钙化灶形成声像

这个情况需要手术治疗还是可以吃药治疗好

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男,29岁。2017年1月20号晚上九点腹部腰部不舒服大概30分钟。21号晚上九点左右又是不舒服大概半小时。23号中午11点开始不舒服到1点左右疼的受不了。下午4点左右好了25号中午11点左右开始不舒服就去医院做了检查。29号尿结石引起小腹疼痛持续5个小时、小便有血。去医院因为放假没有专科医生就回来了。尿结石手术建议下要不要做

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男,58岁。疑肾囊肿，输尿管结石。做过一次体外碎石，无效果。目前吃药缓解，仍然很痛。

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之前激过一次，现在结石在后尿道，血糖有点高，身体素质不太好，本地医院检查担心病人身体不好，本地医院不能上手术台操作

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11.21日左腹痛去医院做检查发现有4×5mm的尿结石，吃药十天后今天去复查发现尿结石没排出来，又有肾结石！

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　　尿路结石是最常见的泌尿外科疾病之一，整个泌尿系统中任何脏器、管道发生的结石，都统称为尿路结石。男性患者高于女性，青壮年尤为多见。

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　　尿路结石患者最典型的症状为剧烈疼痛，同时迅速迁延扩散。由于输尿管极细，结石疼痛发作时会呈剧烈绞痛，而这种剧痛会迅速向腹股沟、大腿内侧、女性阴唇、男性阴茎、阴囊处放射，患者常被绞痛折磨得痛不欲生。

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　　成因复杂。在我国，尿路结石发病率呈北方少，广东、福建等南方省份多的态势。究其原因，第一是代谢原因。有些人因为先天或后天原因导致体内代谢异常，表现为尿液中的钙、镁等盐类及草酸、尿酸、磷酸等有机酸或无机酸浓度较正常人明显高。当这些物质超过其溶解度过多时，就容易形成结石。这些先天原因较多见于遗传因素，而后天原因多见于体重超标、痛风、胃肠道疾病，以及手术导致的代谢紊乱。

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　　第二是感染。比如女性尿道明显短于男性，细菌更容易沿尿道上行，造成泌尿系统感染。某些细菌就像珊瑚虫产生珊瑚礁一样，形成矿物质堆积———即临床所说的结石。

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　　第三是气候原因。我国南方天气热，北方冷。南方气温较高时，人容易大量出汗，导致尿量减少。因此，尿液里的无机盐浓度增大。就如同用海水晒盐，当水分蒸发后，盐分自然析出，就容易形成结石。这并不意味着北方人出汗少就不容易得结石，需要综合分析。

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　　第四与饮食有关。比如，高蛋白饮食会使体内形成过高浓度的草酸盐、尿酸等代谢产物，从而促进肾结石形成。海鲜中富含的嘌呤，经过分解会变成尿酸。如果血液中的尿酸含量增多，沉淀起来也容易形成结石。

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　　预防结石多喝水，勤运动。尿路结石患者应格外注意日常生活及饮食。第一，每天保证喝2000~3000毫升水。最好在睡觉前和运动前后，喝200～300毫升水，能有效减少尿路结石的发生。第二，可以根据结石成分，比如检测为含钙的结石，建议尽量少吃含钙的食物；如果是尿酸结石，则应少吃高嘌呤食物，如海产品等。第三，适量运动，加上配合药物治疗，小的结石是可以自己排出来的。

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　　并不是所有尿路结石都需要手术。如果得了尿路结石或出现症状，必须及时到医院就诊。有些结石是可以不需要治疗的，比如结石小于6毫米、疼痛病史较短。如果结石没有引起肾积水、感染，是可以持续观察的。但如果结石引起肾积水，对肾功能造成损害，则建议及时进行治疗。可通过体外碎石或腔道手术等方法。

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　　尿路结石疾病的发生在我们的身边并不是特别的少见了吧，尿路结石疾病的出现给患者朋友们的健康造成的危害比较可怕，为此我们大家对于尿路结石疾病的发生是一定要及时的去治疗，那么女性患上尿路结石应该注意什么呢？

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　　尿路结石病人不宜多吃糖

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　　尿路结石病人吃糖过多，不但有碍治疗，而且会促进尿结石进一步形成。实践证明，服糖后尿中的钙离子浓度、草酸及尿的酸度均会增加。钙和草酸均可促进结石形成，三者同时增尿酸度增加，可使尿酸钙、草酸钙易于沉淀，促使结石形成。因此，患有肾、输尿管和膀胱结石的病人不宜多吃糖。

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　　尿路结石病人忌吃菠菜

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　　据分析，尿路结石中，最主要的成分为草酸钙。我国尿路结石病人的结石成分为草酸钙者，约占87.5%。在平时，一个正常成人，每天从尿中排出草酸盐为12～40毫克。这些草酸盐一部分来自食物，如果食物中草酸盐摄人量过多，尿液中的草酸钙又处于过饱和状态，多余的草酸钙晶体就可能从尿中析出而形成结石。在食物中，含草酸盐最高的是菠菜，而菠菜又是人们常吃的蔬菜之一。那么吃菠菜会使尿中草酸排泄量发生怎样的变化呢?研究人员曾对10名健康人作了试验，让他们分别食用烫熟和炒熟后的菠菜，然后测定尿液。结果食用200克菠菜后，尿中草酸排泄量明显增高，特别在食后2～4小时达到高峰，8小时后仍高于试验前水平，比未食菠菜者增加草酸20～25毫克，接近于一般人24小时尿草酸的平均量。试验还发现，吃炒熟菠菜的比吃烫熟菠菜的尿中草酸排泄量高。

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　　可见，尿路结石病人不宜再吃菠菜，因为他们尿中的草酸钙本身已处于过饱和状态，若再食，就可能加重病情。如果尿路结石病人，通过手术已除去了结石，忌吃菠菜就可预防复发。健康人食用菠菜时，多饮水，可以稀释尿液，降低尿草酸浓度;多采用烫食法，这对预防结石是有益的。

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　　女性尿路结石疾病需要注意的事情就先给您介绍到这里了，希望我们这些内容的介绍可以给您带来了一定的帮助，尿路结石疾病的发生可以说是给患者朋友们的健康带来了一定的危害性，为此我们对于尿路结石一定要及时的去治疗。

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　　生活当中尿结石疾病是十分严重的，会有很多的人出现相关的症状，因此会带给患者相当多的危害，大家必须要清楚的认识尿结石的知识，还应当多去了解诱发此病出现的因素才可以，带朋友们认识一下诱发尿结石出现的因素有哪些呢。

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　　尿结石的原因

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　　结石形成病因十分复杂，至今仍有一些问题未解决。归纳起来，与全身代谢、泌尿系局部感染环境和饮食因素有密切关系。近些年来，有些学者将结石分为两大类，即代谢性结石和感染性结石。尿液含有很多种成份、大体上可分为晶体和胶体物质，晶体物质包括草酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸镁铁、尿酸、尿酸盐、黄嘌吟和肢氨酸等，胶体物质主要是指粘蛋白和粘多糖类。结石形成时，一般先有一个核心，然后尿中晶体和胶体围绕这一核心沉积增大而成。细胞碎屑、血块、坏死组织、细菌以及体外异物均可作为核心而形成结石。

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　　尿道结石还可分为分为原发性和继发性两类，其病因如下：原发性尿道结石 指开始就在尿道内生成的结石，尿道狭窄、感染、潴留性囊肿、黏膜损伤、憩室及异物等为其病因。继发性尿道结石 指结石先在尿道上方的泌尿系统中形成后排入尿道并停留在尿道内，多停留在尿道生理膨大部位及狭窄部的近侧，故尿道结石多见于尿道前列腺部、球部、阴茎部、舟状窝及尿道外口处。

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