尿路结石是最常见的泌尿外科疾病之一，整个泌尿系统中任何脏器、管道发生的结石，都统称为尿路结石。男性患者高于女性，青壮年尤为多见。
\n尿路结石患者最典型的症状为剧烈疼痛，同时迅速迁延扩散。由于输尿管极细，结石疼痛发作时会呈剧烈绞痛，而这种剧痛会迅速向腹股沟、大腿内侧、女性阴唇、男性阴茎、阴囊处放射，患者常被绞痛折磨得痛不欲生。
\n成因复杂。在我国，尿路结石发病率呈北方少，广东、福建等南方省份多的态势。究其原因，第一是代谢原因。有些人因为先天或后天原因导致体内代谢异常，表现为尿液中的钙、镁等盐类及草酸、尿酸、磷酸等有机酸或无机酸浓度较正常人明显高。当这些物质超过其溶解度过多时，就容易形成结石。这些先天原因较多见于遗传因素，而后天原因多见于体重超标、痛风、胃肠道疾病，以及手术导致的代谢紊乱。
\n第二是感染。比如女性尿道明显短于男性，细菌更容易沿尿道上行，造成泌尿系统感染。某些细菌就像珊瑚虫产生珊瑚礁一样，形成矿物质堆积———即临床所说的结石。
\n第三是气候原因。我国南方天气热，北方冷。南方气温较高时，人容易大量出汗，导致尿量减少。因此，尿液里的无机盐浓度增大。就如同用海水晒盐，当水分蒸发后，盐分自然析出，就容易形成结石。这并不意味着北方人出汗少就不容易得结石，需要综合分析。
\n第四与饮食有关。比如，高蛋白饮食会使体内形成过高浓度的草酸盐、尿酸等代谢产物，从而促进肾结石形成。海鲜中富含的嘌呤，经过分解会变成尿酸。如果血液中的尿酸含量增多，沉淀起来也容易形成结石。
\n预防结石多喝水，勤运动。尿路结石患者应格外注意日常生活及饮食。第一，每天保证喝2000~3000毫升水。最好在睡觉前和运动前后，喝200～300毫升水，能有效减少尿路结石的发生。第二，可以根据结石成分，比如检测为含钙的结石，建议尽量少吃含钙的食物；如果是尿酸结石，则应少吃高嘌呤食物，如海产品等。第三，适量运动，加上配合药物治疗，小的结石是可以自己排出来的。
\n并不是所有尿路结石都需要手术。如果得了尿路结石或出现症状，必须及时到医院就诊。有些结石是可以不需要治疗的，比如结石小于6毫米、疼痛病史较短。如果结石没有引起肾积水、感染，是可以持续观察的。但如果结石引起肾积水，对肾功能造成损害，则建议及时进行治疗。可通过体外碎石或腔道手术等方法。
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尿路结石疾病的发生在我们的身边并不是特别的少见了吧，尿路结石疾病的出现给患者朋友们的健康造成的危害比较可怕，为此我们大家对于尿路结石疾病的发生是一定要及时的去治疗，那么女性患上尿路结石应该注意什么呢？
\n尿路结石病人不宜多吃糖
\n尿路结石病人吃糖过多，不但有碍治疗，而且会促进尿结石进一步形成。实践证明，服糖后尿中的钙离子浓度、草酸及尿的酸度均会增加。钙和草酸均可促进结石形成，三者同时增尿酸度增加，可使尿酸钙、草酸钙易于沉淀，促使结石形成。因此，患有肾、输尿管和膀胱结石的病人不宜多吃糖。
\n尿路结石病人忌吃菠菜
\n据分析，尿路结石中，最主要的成分为草酸钙。我国尿路结石病人的结石成分为草酸钙者，约占87.5%。在平时，一个正常成人，每天从尿中排出草酸盐为12～40毫克。这些草酸盐一部分来自食物，如果食物中草酸盐摄人量过多，尿液中的草酸钙又处于过饱和状态，多余的草酸钙晶体就可能从尿中析出而形成结石。在食物中，含草酸盐最高的是菠菜，而菠菜又是人们常吃的蔬菜之一。那么吃菠菜会使尿中草酸排泄量发生怎样的变化呢?研究人员曾对10名健康人作了试验，让他们分别食用烫熟和炒熟后的菠菜，然后测定尿液。结果食用200克菠菜后，尿中草酸排泄量明显增高，特别在食后2～4小时达到高峰，8小时后仍高于试验前水平，比未食菠菜者增加草酸20～25毫克，接近于一般人24小时尿草酸的平均量。试验还发现，吃炒熟菠菜的比吃烫熟菠菜的尿中草酸排泄量高。
\n可见，尿路结石病人不宜再吃菠菜，因为他们尿中的草酸钙本身已处于过饱和状态，若再食，就可能加重病情。如果尿路结石病人，通过手术已除去了结石，忌吃菠菜就可预防复发。健康人食用菠菜时，多饮水，可以稀释尿液，降低尿草酸浓度;多采用烫食法，这对预防结石是有益的。
\n女性尿路结石疾病需要注意的事情就先给您介绍到这里了，希望我们这些内容的介绍可以给您带来了一定的帮助，尿路结石疾病的发生可以说是给患者朋友们的健康带来了一定的危害性，为此我们对于尿路结石一定要及时的去治疗。
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生活当中尿结石疾病是十分严重的，会有很多的人出现相关的症状，因此会带给患者相当多的危害，大家必须要清楚的认识尿结石的知识，还应当多去了解诱发此病出现的因素才可以，带朋友们认识一下诱发尿结石出现的因素有哪些呢。
\n尿结石的原因
\n结石形成病因十分复杂，至今仍有一些问题未解决。归纳起来，与全身代谢、泌尿系局部感染环境和饮食因素有密切关系。近些年来，有些学者将结石分为两大类，即代谢性结石和感染性结石。尿液含有很多种成份、大体上可分为晶体和胶体物质，晶体物质包括草酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸镁铁、尿酸、尿酸盐、黄嘌吟和肢氨酸等，胶体物质主要是指粘蛋白和粘多糖类。结石形成时，一般先有一个核心，然后尿中晶体和胶体围绕这一核心沉积增大而成。细胞碎屑、血块、坏死组织、细菌以及体外异物均可作为核心而形成结石。
\n尿道结石还可分为分为原发性和继发性两类，其病因如下：原发性尿道结石 指开始就在尿道内生成的结石，尿道狭窄、感染、潴留性囊肿、黏膜损伤、憩室及异物等为其病因。继发性尿道结石 指结石先在尿道上方的泌尿系统中形成后排入尿道并停留在尿道内，多停留在尿道生理膨大部位及狭窄部的近侧，故尿道结石多见于尿道前列腺部、球部、阴茎部、舟状窝及尿道外口处。
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尿路结石这个疾病的发生大家还是比较熟悉的吧，尿路结石疾病的发生可以说是给患者朋友们造成了及其严重的危害性，为此我们对于尿路结石疾病的出现一定要及时的去治疗，那么如何预防儿童尿路结石疾病的发生呢？
\n尿路结石是最常见的泌尿外科疾病之一。男性多于女性，约4～5∶1。形成机制未完全阐明，有多种学说。复发率高。对多数结石尚无十分理想的预防方法。尿石症发病有地区性。在我国多见于长江以南。北方相对少见。近三十年来，我国上尿路(肾、输尿管)结石发病率显著提高，下尿路(膀胱)结石日趋少见。膀胱结石中，原发性结石明显少于继发性结石。近十年来，尿路结石的治疗方法有了迅速发展，90%左右的尿路结石可不再采用传统的开放手术治疗。
\n代谢异常：如甲状旁腺功能亢进导致高尿钙症或酸代谢异常导致原发性高草酸盐尿症。这次食用被三聚氰胺污染奶粉的患儿就是因代谢异常导致尿路尿酸性结石。
\n预防与调养
\n1.平时多饮水，多参加体育活动。
\n2.婴儿期要防止母乳不足，儿童期要防止高动物蛋白、高精制糖及富含草酸食物过量摄人。
\n3.发现有腰部疼痛，尿液混浊或偶见血尿等情况，应及时就诊检查。
\n4.患泌尿系统感染性疾病，应及时治疗，争取早日痊愈。
\n5.继发结石，应积极治疗原发病症。
\n不过据专家介绍，多数情况下，宝宝尿路结石还是由于“病从口入”。饮食结构与生活方式不科学为主要原因。具体可归纳为三点———
\n1。蛋白质、盐分的摄取量过多。
\n2。偏爱草酸饮料：如宝宝常喝富含草酸的饮料，即可大大提高草酸结石的发病率。
\n3。滥补钙剂：不少家长盲目听信广告宣传，随意给孩子加补钙片，导致孩子血钙偏高，尿中的钙浓度也随之上升，增加了患结石的风险。
\n此外，少数孩子存在泌尿系统畸形，也可能诱发肾结石。家长要注意对症下药。
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尿结石是一种常见病。其发病与膳食之间关系极为密切，因此，预防尿结石的发生与发展，在很大程度上取决于吃的是否合理。医学专家指出，预防尿结石的措施就在于科学合理膳食，归纳起来有以下几个方面宜与忌。
宜：主要包括重视膳食纤维、含钙食物和维生素食物的补充3个方面。
1．重视膳食纤维摄入：研究表明膳食纤维的摄入与尿结石发病率呈负相关，增加膳食纤维的摄入可使尿中的草酸钙和尿酸减少。谷类、薯类及新鲜蔬菜中富含纤维素，做到粗细搭配，多吃新鲜蔬菜可起到增加膳食纤维的有益作用。
2．增加含钙食物摄入：低钙可使骨溶解大于骨生成，血及尿钙均增高，还使草酸的吸收和经尿道排泄增加，这样就会发生草酸和钙的沉积，促进尿结石的生成。因此，膳食中应增加含钙食物的摄入，如牛奶、鱼虾、海带等。注意不要通过服用钙剂来预防尿结石，过多服用钙剂反而有增加尿结石发病的危险。
3．多吃含维生素丰富的食物：维生素b6可减少尿中草酸钙结晶的形成，维生素k可降低尿中草酸含量，因而在膳食中应增加这两种维生素的摄入。绿色蔬菜如苜蓿、菠菜、卷心菜以及橘子等富含两种维生素，适当吃些有助于降低尿结石发病率。