{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1444","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1444","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:小儿哮喘的自然疗法_儿童哮喘的最佳治疗方法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"小儿哮喘的自然疗法_儿童哮喘的最佳治疗方法","title":"小儿哮喘的自然疗法_儿童哮喘的最佳治疗方法","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"7309","isDel":0,"createAt":1510283457936,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":1522312560965,"updateBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"梅油油","userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘有哪些治疗方法","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"></span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"></span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">随着人们物质水平的提高和生活环境的改变，许多疾病也就不知不觉的发生在我们身上，哮喘的早期症状与感冒相似，很容易被人患上，这就造成患者的病情会被加重，下面就由找良医网为大家讲解<strong>哮喘如何治疗</strong>。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"></span><br/></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510284278163.jpg\" title=\"小儿哮喘有哪些治疗方法\" alt=\"小儿哮喘有哪些治疗方法\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1、防止病毒感染</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　呼吸道感染尤其是</span>RSV感染和小儿哮喘发作有密切关系，故防止病毒性呼吸道感染很重要。目前国内外有效抗病毒药物较少，常采用：</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1)干扰素，有广谱抗病毒作用，有用干扰素气雾剂防治病毒性呼吸道感染，阻止哮喘发作的报道，但来源困难，价格昂贵，且疗程越长，副作用日见增多;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2)病毒唑气雾剂，对防治感染性哮喘取得一定疗效，可自鼻中滴入，或气雾吸入，每日2～3次。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2、稳定细胞膜</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　通过稳定肥大细胞细胞膜，抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒，从而阻止化学介质释放，可达到预防哮喘发作的目的。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1)色甘酸钠是首选预防药。此药在肠道不吸收，需半粉剂20mg，置于喷雾吸入器吸用，每日3～4次。一般在2～4周后可发生作用，疗程4～6月。但此药无舒张支气管作用，对急性发作无效。有个别病儿吸入此药反可诱发支气管哮喘。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2)酮替芬，可口服，亦有稳定肥大细胞细胞膜作用及抗组织胺作用，适用于所有类型哮喘。剂量为0.08～0.12mg/kg/d，至少服6～12月，但此药舒张支气管作用亦不强，目前已作为预防哮喘发作而广泛应用，副作用有嗜睡、头晕、困乏等，儿童比成人少见。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3、锻炼身体</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　体格锻炼对长期患哮喘的儿童极为重要，可与药物治疗同时进行。体格锻炼可促进血液循环及新陈代谢，改善呼吸功能，增强肌肉张力，提高机体对温度和外界环境变化的适应能力，参加体育锻炼还可促进食欲，保持精神愉快，提高机体的抗病能力。此外，还应建立规律的生活制度，因地制宜循序渐进地增加运动量，进行冷水洗脸、洗脚等锻炼，及夏季参加游泳活动等均为有益的锻炼方式。只要在医生指导及一定药物的治疗下，持之以恒，体育锻炼是预防哮喘发作，调节机体机能状态的重要措施。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　4、中医中药治疗</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　在发作间隙期中医主张扶正培本，加强健脾益气补肾之法。用传统的</span>“冬病夏治”、“夏病冬治”法已被广泛采用。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1672,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1510283457937,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1510283457937,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1508461864166,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"梅油油","password":"kongbaige113","level":0,"nickName":"梅油油","realName":null,"signName":"。。。。。","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1508466006878.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"541586403@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":5,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"1145","isDel":0,"createAt":1486193100974,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童运动性哮喘","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><img title=\"1486193640000.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486193640000.jpg\" alt=\"5695f91781b29.jpg\" /></strong></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">孩子们在沙发上蹦蹦跳跳是最常见的一幕，殊不知，有些孩子跳沙发，不但没起到锻炼的效果，反而易儿童运动性哮喘。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">俊俊正读幼儿园中班，他的病情让妈妈叶女士忧虑。原来，俊俊咳嗽一个多月，不发烧，也不流鼻涕，但一运动就咳，咳得厉害时喘不过气，吃了许多止咳药、消炎药，缓解几天，但几天后又出现病情反复，丝毫没有歇住的意思。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">我接诊后问：&ldquo;俊俊平时爱跳沙发吗？&rdquo;叶女士说：&ldquo;主任，你怎么知道的？他每天在家没事就爱跳沙发，特别是看电视时，一看卡通片，看得高兴更是跳得欢，我们家新买不到3个月的沙发，都快让他跳坏了！&rdquo;</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">听到这里，我大致了解了情况，告诉叶女士，孩子的咳就是与跳沙发有关，越跳就会越咳。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">叶女士听后，大吃一惊：&ldquo;啊？真没听说过呢，还以为他是感冒后留下的手尾，也怀疑俊俊是不是有哮喘呢！&rdquo;</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">我给叶女士解释道：&ldquo;其实这就是运动后咳嗽，是一种咳嗽变异性哮喘。&rdquo;</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">运动后咳嗽，可能是咳嗽变异性哮喘</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">咳嗽变异性哮喘是孩子常见的呼吸道疾病之一，由于孩子的支气管黏膜娇嫩，抵抗外界病菌感染能力低，因而很容易发生炎症。而喜爱跳动的小孩，因为持续剧烈运动后易诱发气道高反应，导致气道的狭窄和气道阻力增高而咳嗽。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">门诊上经常会碰到一些因咳嗽就诊的孩子，家长都反映说，孩子咳嗽已一个多月或更长时间，一般情况下症状轻，且发作也是阵发性的，多数家长刚开始都不太重视。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">有的孩子咳嗽多在夜间或凌晨，不气喘也不发热，有时做胸部X片及血液检查都没有明显异常，运动或哭闹时咳嗽加重。这种咳嗽可能就是运动后咳嗽，临床上称为咳嗽变异性哮喘。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">家庭护理很重要，沙发少跳</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">家庭护理是治疗的一个重要环节，除了及时就医和合理用药外，家长应密切观察小孩平时的好动程度，平时运动要适当才利于提高免疫力，因运动诱发变异性哮喘的小孩应适当限制运动强度。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">尤其值得一提的是，上幼儿园这个年龄段的小朋友回家都喜欢在沙发上跳来跳去，殊不知一来跳沙发的运动量很大，容易诱发咳嗽变异性哮喘，另一方面不少家庭选用的布艺沙发，由于孩子的跳跃导致不少藏在沙发垫里的粉尘等微小物质散发，也可能诱发该病。家长应该诱导孩子进行其他的一些活动，尽量避免在沙发上跳跃。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2034,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486193100975,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486193100974,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486170525292,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小宝妈","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"小宝妈","realName":null,"signName":"不填可以吗","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486170626081.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"320000","cityId":"320400","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4262","isDel":0,"createAt":1486193029535,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"爸妈们切记的儿童哮喘治疗原则","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486193927311.jpg\" title=\"1486193927311.jpg\" alt=\"jkjy_14759276404850.jpg\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">中国有句古话说<strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">“</strong>是药三分毒”，真可谓老少皆知，这也是许多哮喘儿童家长的共识。尤其是对于激素类药物，更让大家心生恐惧。并导致很多家长不愿意给孩子长期使用药物，一旦孩子症状消失，不喘了，就给孩子减药甚至停药，殊不知，这样做很可能会导致病情加重，使哮喘频繁发作。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">不要被”平静”的假象蒙蔽了双眼</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">哮喘是一种慢性炎症性气道疾病，即使没有明显的症状，气道中的炎症和高反应性依然存在<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">1,2</sup>。此时，哮喘病情仍然在不断变化着，若此时家长擅自停药，而导致孩子没有接受规范治疗。这样一来，一旦孩子免疫力下降或遇到过敏原等诱发因素，哮喘就会频繁发作。国外有研究指出，没有接受规范治疗可使哮喘急性发作的风险增加2.35倍<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">3</sup>。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 哮喘急性发作时，孩子咳嗽、气喘等症状加重，甚至可危及生命。而且哮喘每一次发作都会使肺功能下降，疾病加重，并导致更频繁的急性发作，形成恶性循环。长此以往，将导致肺部功能的遭受不可逆转的损伤。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">规范治疗，抗喘到底！&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">由于每个孩子的具体情况并不相同，医生会为您的孩子制定最适宜的个体化治疗方案，遵守医嘱并定期至医院随访是哮喘治疗的关键所在！</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">通常情况下，大部分哮喘患儿需要长期维持治疗。我国的哮喘防治指南指出，哮喘治疗的总疗程一般为2年左右，少数病情重的患儿疗程还要延长<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">4</sup>。吸入性糖皮质激素是儿童哮喘治疗中最重要的长期抗炎药物，每日吸入低剂量糖皮质激素可以有效控制气道炎症，缓解症状，预防急性发作<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">5</sup>。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">虽说是长期用药，家长也完全不必过于担心，吸入性糖皮质激素和口服激素完全不是同一回事，吸入性糖皮质激素通过装置直接到达需要治疗的目标器官，只需很少剂量就可以迅速起效，改善症状，而且极少分布到身体其他部位，安全性更高<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">6</sup>，连婴幼儿都可以放心使用<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">1</sup>。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;\">研究证实，长期低剂量使用吸入型糖皮质激素，甚至使用7~11年后，对儿童的身高、体重、智力等各项生长发育均无显著影响</span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;\">7-9</span></sup><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;\">，此外，目前也没有相关证据指出吸入型糖皮质长期治疗与肥胖和激素依赖的发生具有明显相关性。因此，只要遵循医生嘱咐，坚持正规治疗，完全不必过度担忧！</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">最后，需要提醒大家的是，哮喘治疗是一个长期的过程，家长要有耐心和信心，千万不可看到孩子病情稳定未发作就随意减量或停药。应遵循医嘱，严格按照医生的指导使用药物并至少每3个月至医院随访检查，以便于医生更好地了解孩子病情，及时调整治疗方案。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1798,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486193029536,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486193029535,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486170525292,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小宝妈","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"小宝妈","realName":null,"signName":"不填可以吗","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486170626081.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"320000","cityId":"320400","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3583","isDel":0,"createAt":1486192953562,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘治疗的最佳年龄","content":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486193715206.jpg\" title=\"1486193715206.jpg\" alt=\"u=2921772712,184011679&amp;fm=23&amp;gp=0.jpg\"/></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(88, 88, 88); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 儿童是比较容易患上哮喘，由于孩子的年纪小，很多家长迟迟没有进行治疗，就是不知道最佳的治疗时间。那么，儿童哮喘治疗最佳时间是什么时候?</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(88, 88, 88); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(88, 88, 88); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　儿童哮喘治疗最佳时间是越早越好，6岁之前控制最理想。经济的发展，带给你们快乐的生活的同时，也同样给你们带来很大的危害，环境的破坏，大气，水源的污染问题正在深刻的影响着人们的生活质量，目前医学数据表明过敏性体质婴儿越来越多，这是目前过敏性儿童哮喘治疗数量持续增加的重要原因，对于儿童哮喘治疗最佳时间是青春期（即12、13岁）之前控制住，当然年龄越小越好，6岁之前更佳。如在此时得到合理的治疗，那么哮喘症状有可以得到有效控制，并且望治愈，如果延误了治疗时间那么有80%的可能转化为中年性哮喘，那么治疗的难度和治疗费用都有增加，所以建议患者家长对于儿童哮喘治疗应合理及时。</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1519,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486192953565,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486192953562,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486170525292,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小宝妈","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"小宝妈","realName":null,"signName":"不填可以吗","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486170626081.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"320000","cityId":"320400","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2776","isDel":0,"createAt":1486192859679,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘雾化吸入治疗","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（一）什么是吸入疗法？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">吸入疗法是目前哮喘治疗首选的给药方法。采用吸入疗法时，药物以气溶胶的形式输出，随呼吸气流进入体内。由于气溶胶具有巨大的接触面，有利于药物与气道表面黏膜上皮细胞接触而发挥药效。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（二）雾化吸入疗法的给药技术介绍</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">射流雾化：以压缩泵或氧气驱动的雾化器是目前临床最常用的雾化吸入器具，其原理是高速运</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">动的压缩气体通过狭小开口后突然减压，在局部产生负压将药液吸出并形成药雾微粒，其中大药雾微粒通过挡板回落至贮药池，小药雾微粒则随气流输</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">出。药雾微粒的大小与气流的压力和流速有关，增加气流速度可使雾化输出量增加，减小药雾微粒，缩短雾化时间，并使患儿的依从性更好。在应用射流雾化吸入器时，药池的液量要充足，一般用量为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">4ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">，可在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">10min</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">内输出全部药液。目前是临床上使用最普遍的，常用的进口品牌如德国百瑞、日本欧姆龙等。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">滤网式雾化：通过振动等方式使药液透过网孔进行雾化。与射流雾化相比，滤网式雾化输出的可吸入微颗粒的比例略低，价格较高，但是装置体积小、重量轻、便于携带，且使用时噪音小，还可以倾斜使用。目前滤网式雾化器的种类有限，如欧姆龙网式雾化器。但是，滤网耐久性能较低是它的最大缺点。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">超声雾化：通过压电晶片产生的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2MHz </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">的高频超声，从而在储药池的顶层液面形成雾粒，但对于混悬液而言，药雾微粒并不能完全到达能形成雾粒的液面顶层；同时，超声雾化的气雾水粒密度大，有效颗粒少，并可增加气道阻力；超声雾化器的高频还可以转化成热能，可能影响糖皮质激素类药物的活性。因此使用超声雾化器时，药雾微粒输出效能较低，大部分药物最终留存在残留液中，不适用于哮喘等喘息性疾病的治疗。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">由于不同雾化器输出微颗粒的效能差异较大，并可以直接影响到治疗效果，建议避免选用不能提供确切空气动力学数据及有关临床疗效证据的雾化器。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（三）雾化吸入的给药特点</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">雾化吸入局部给药治疗指数高、安全性好。</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">吸入药物可以直接作用于气道黏膜，局部作用强，且局部药物浓度愈高、疗效亦愈好。雾化吸入是最不需要患儿刻意配合的吸入疗法，适用于任何年龄的儿童。同时，一般雾化吸入治疗的药量仅为全身用药量的几十分之一，由此可避免或减少全身给药（如糖皮质激素）可能产生的潜在的不良反应。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（四）雾化治疗相比较于药物治疗的优点有哪些？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">局部给药，直达病灶，作用直接，全身副作用少。相比于口服药，雾化吸入激素是起效快，安全有效；用药量小，不及其他用药方式的几十分之一。对于一些病毒感染引起的喘息，雾化吸入治疗可明显减轻症状，缩短病程。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（五）雾化颗粒大小对于治疗效果的影响？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">国际上认证的雾化颗粒值达到</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&mu;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">m</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">就能确保药物能够直达下呼吸道和肺泡。其中，直径</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&mu;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">m</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">的药雾微粒最为适宜，</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&gt;5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&mu;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">m</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">的微粒绝大多数被截留在口咽部，最终经吞咽进入体内；而</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&lt;0.5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&mu;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">m</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">的微粒虽能达到下呼吸道，但在潮气呼吸时，</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">90</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">％药雾微粒又可随呼气而排出体外，影响治疗效果。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&lt; span=\"\"&gt;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（六）如何选择雾化机？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">雾化颗粒值在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&mu;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">m</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">之间能达到下呼吸道和肺泡，药物雾化颗粒数值大小会直接影响到雾化治疗的效果。雾化时间约在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">10</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">分钟左右。质量好的雾化机噪音在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">65</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">分贝以内，正规生产制造商均有明确标示。噪音大的雾化机，机器易发烫，机身过热会造成雾化出的压缩气体有异味。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（七）雾化吸入时应注意的问题？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">在家雾化过程中，一旦患儿咳嗽，喘息，气促等症状加重，建议立即停止雾化吸入治疗，及时到医院复诊。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">雾化前应置患儿于坐立，半坐立或侧卧，尽量避免仰卧吸入。幼儿的胸腔相对较小，仰卧吸入，患儿易出现烦躁、气促等缺氧症状。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">雾化药物可常温放置，不用放在冰箱内冷藏。因为如果吸入雾化液温度低于人体温度，可能会导致咳嗽或气急加重。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">雾化前不要涂抹油性面霜。雾化后立即清洗脸部、漱口，以减少经皮肤吸收的药量，并防止药物残留于口腔造成口腔溃疡或念珠菌感染。如果年纪太小不会漱口，可以多喝些清水或者用湿润的棉签清洁口腔。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">雾化环境应安静，年纪较小的患儿可以睡着后竖直抱起做雾化或在哭闹减轻时再做。因为儿童哭吵时吸气短促，药雾微粒主要以惯性运动方式留存在口咽部，而且烦躁不安也使面罩不易固定，会影响病情的治疗和控制，因此最好在安静状态下进行雾化吸入。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（八）雾化吸入常用的药物有哪些？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">糖皮质激素：即普米克令舒（又叫布地奈德混悬液），每支的规格为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1mg/2ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&beta;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">受体激动剂（即支气管扩张剂）：</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">①博利康尼（硫酸特布他林雾化液），每支的规格为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5mg/2ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">②万托林雾化溶液（硫酸沙丁胺醇溶液），每瓶的规格为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">100mg/20ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">抗胆碱能药物：</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">①爱全乐（异丙托溴铵溶液）每支的规格为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">0.5mg/2ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">②可比特（异丙托溴铵</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">+</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">硫酸沙丁胺醇溶液），是唯一一种雾化用的复方制剂，每支的规格为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">0.5mg/3.0mg/2.5ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（九）雾化吸入疗法在儿童常用于治疗哪些疾病？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">根据</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2014</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">年修订版《糖皮质激素雾化吸入疗法在儿科应用的专家共识》，明确指出吸入疗法在儿童呼吸系统疾病中，可用于以下疾病的治疗：</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">支气管哮喘：</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">①急性发作期的快速缓解治疗；</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">②非急性发作期的长期控制治疗；</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">③支气管哮喘急性发作先兆期的预先干预治疗。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">咳嗽变异性哮喘</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">感染后咳嗽</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">4.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">婴幼儿喘息</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">肺炎支原体肺炎</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">6.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">急性喉气管支气管炎</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">7.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">支气管肺发育不良</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（十）家庭雾化吸入糖皮质激素（简写</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">ICS</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">）时的注意事项</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">需要长期雾化吸入</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">ICS</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">治疗的患儿均可考虑家庭雾化治疗。在家庭雾化吸入</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">ICS</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">治疗过程中必须加强对患儿及其家长的教育，使之对长期雾化吸入治疗有一个正确、全面的认识，提高依从性，从而提高疗效和安全性。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">建议相对固定主诊医生，既了解患儿病情，也便于及时调整治疗方案。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">需要由专科医生制定完整、个体化的家庭雾化治疗计划，并定期复诊。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">专科医生可以帮助家长选择合适的雾化吸入装置，指导家长具体操作，告知雾化吸入的注意事项等。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">4.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">对于已能熟练掌握雾化吸入治疗的家长，专科医生可以进一步指导在患儿病情加重时的药物加量以及增加吸入次数等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">对于哮喘持续未能控制的患儿以及需要雾化治疗的其他中重度呼吸系统疾病的患儿，必须要在专科医师的指导下合理调整治疗方案，不推荐在家中随意自行增加剂量。</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1728,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486192859681,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486192859679,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486170525292,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小宝妈","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"小宝妈","realName":null,"signName":"不填可以吗","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486170626081.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"320000","cityId":"320400","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"1526","isDel":0,"createAt":1486192716951,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘常见误区","content":"<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff;\"><img title=\"1486193096884.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486193096884.jpg\" alt=\"jkjy_14759276404850.jpg\" /></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">哮喘是一种气道高反应性的慢性炎症性疾病，是儿童时期较常见的慢性疾病。由于很多家长在哮喘的认识上存在片面误区，常导致孩子哮喘反复发作，经久不愈...（本文作者系湖南省儿童医院呼吸一科主任、全省哮喘专科知名专家饶花平教授）</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区一、父母或长辈没有哮喘遗传或过敏，孩子就不会患哮喘（哮喘会遗传吗？）</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">许多家长都认为，自己没哮喘和过敏，孩子就不会患哮喘。其实哮喘的发病因素和诱发因素多种多样，家里有遗传倾向或过敏家族史，孩子患哮喘的几率会更高，但没有遗传或过敏家族史，并不能保证孩子不患哮喘，因为反复呼吸道感染、气候气温因素、剧烈运动、情绪等因素均可能导致哮喘发作。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区二、哮喘都会&ldquo;喘&rdquo;，没有&ldquo;喘息&rdquo;就不是哮喘</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">不少家长以为，哮喘是时刻都有喘息，不喘息就不是哮喘。其实哮喘只在急性发作时才会有明显的喘息症状，缓解期和正常人并无多大区别。另外，还有一些特殊哮喘类型，如咳嗽变异性哮喘，仅表现为长期的干咳，并无明显的喘息症状。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区三、哮喘长大了自然会好，所以不用治疗。</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">随着年龄的增长，免疫力的增强，有一部分哮喘孩子哮喘发作次数的确会减少，症状减轻，甚至在青春期不治而愈，但这种机率不到三分之一。而哮喘是一种反复发作的疾病，如果听之任之，势必会</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">错失治疗时机，影响孩子现在和将来的生活质量。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区四、激素副作用大，不能长期使用。</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">哮喘是一种慢性的气道炎症性疾病，</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">这种气道炎症使用抗生素治疗无效，目前全球防治哮喘疗效最好、副作用最少的方法是微量激素吸入法。可激素的副作用几乎深入人心，很多家长都惧怕激素影响孩子的生长发育（长不高、肥胖等），担心性早熟、药物依赖等等。所以常拒绝给孩子用激素预防药或过早停药，结果导致孩子哮喘发作越来越频繁。其实哮喘不能控制的危险远比激素治疗的危害要大。微量激素预防用药使用的药物剂量非常少且多在气道局部发挥作用，进入血液循环的量微乎其微，因此引起的全身不良反应明显少于其它途径给药（静脉、口服）；而哮喘急性发作时需要口服或静脉用激素消炎才能控制，其一次用量比吸入性预防用药半年的量还要大得多，而且因为100%进入血液循环，副作用也要大的多。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区五、有喘息就治疗，不喘息可停药</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">很多家长在孩子哮喘发作时特别紧张，积极就医。而一旦病情控制进入哮喘缓解期后，就会放松警惕，甚至认为只要&ldquo;不喘&rdquo;就是好了，就不必再吃药了。或嫌天天用药麻烦或担心激素用多了影响孩子生长发育或考虑经济开支问题，用药时</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">断</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">时</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">续</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">或擅自停药</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">。</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">其实哮喘是一种气道慢性炎症疾病，即使没有症状，但气道炎症仍然存在，此时停药，稍有风吹草动，又会诱发哮喘。因此哮喘能不能很好地得到控制，很大程度取决于家长能不能坚持规范化治疗。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区六、鸡蛋牛奶海鲜易过敏，哮喘病人不能吃</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">众所周知，鸡蛋牛奶海鲜产品是最容易引起儿童过敏的食物，所以许多哮喘家长都不敢给孩子吃鸡蛋牛奶和海鲜。其实，易过敏食物只是引起过敏发生的机率比其它食物要高些，但并不代表每个孩子摄入后都会过敏。只要不过敏，哮喘儿童是不需要刻意去忌口的。对有过敏体质或从小湿疹严重的哮喘儿童来说，首先应到医院积极查找引起孩子哮喘发作的过敏原，一旦明确孩子对某些食物或物品过敏，就要积极避免再次接触，以免加重过敏状态。对于哮喘儿童，首次吃某种食物时，可先少量试吃，无咳嗽皮疹等身体不适，以后可放心吃，以保证营养的均衡。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区七、运动可引发哮喘，哮喘病人宜少动</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">其实，室外运动不仅可促使肺功能发育，增强肺活量，还可增强呼吸道防御能力。相反，不&ldquo;敢&rdquo;动的孩子体质反而会变弱，病情加重。对于运动性哮喘患儿，运动前可先预防性用药，即可有效预防哮喘发作。此外，运动前的热身，能使呼吸道对环境的温度和湿度有个逐步适应过程，这可减少哮喘发作。但哮喘孩子应避免剧烈运动，如各种竞技类体育比赛。适宜哮喘儿童参加的体育锻炼有游泳、快走、慢跑等，其中游泳是最有效的运动方式。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区八、肺功能正常就可排除哮喘</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">肺功能的损害在儿童期往往是可逆的，在哮喘初期或哮喘缓解期，孩子的肺功能也可能表现为正常肺功能，所以肺功能正常并不能排除孩子没有哮喘，只能代表目前疾病对孩子肺功能未造成明显损害。</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1809,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486192716953,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486192716951,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486170525292,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小宝妈","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"小宝妈","realName":null,"signName":"不填可以吗","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486170626081.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"320000","cityId":"320400","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4685","isDel":0,"createAt":1486192645573,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小儿支气管哮喘病因","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486193004447.jpg\" title=\"1486193004447.jpg\" alt=\"11523497_998309.jpg\"/></p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">1.过敏原</span></p><p>过敏物质大致分为三类：<span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">①引起感染的病原体及其毒素</span>&nbsp;小儿哮喘发作常和呼吸道感染密切相关，尤其是病毒及支原体感染。婴幼儿哮喘中绝大多数是由于呼吸道感染所致，主要病原体是呼吸道病毒，如合胞病毒（RSV）、腺病毒、流感、副流感病毒等。现已证明合胞病毒感染可因发生特异性免疫球蛋白IgE介导Ⅰ型变态反应而发生喘息。其他如鼻窦炎、扁桃体炎、龋齿等局部感染也可能是诱发因素。<span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">②吸入过敏原</span>&nbsp;通常自呼吸道吸入，国内应用皮肤试验显示，引起哮喘最主要过敏原为尘螨、屋尘、霉菌、多价花粉（蒿属、豚草）、羽毛等，亦有报告接触蚕发哮喘，特别是螨作为吸入性变应原，在呼吸道变态反应性疾病中占有一定重要地位。儿童期对螨的过敏比成人为多，春秋季是螨生存的最短适宜季节，因此尘螨性哮喘好发于春秋季，且夜间发病者多见。此外，吸入变应原所致哮喘发作往往与季节、地区和居住环境有关，一旦停止接触，症状即可减轻或消失。<span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">③食入过敏原</span>&nbsp;主要为异性蛋白质，如牛奶、鸡蛋、鱼虾、香料等，食物过敏以婴儿期为常见，4～5岁以后逐渐减少。</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">2.非特异性刺激物质</span></p><p>如灰尘、烟（包括香烟及蚊香）、气味（工业刺激性气体、烹调时油气味及油膝味）等。这些物质均为非抗原性物质，可刺激支气管黏膜感觉神经末梢及迷走神经，引起反射性咳嗽和支气管痉挛，长期持续可导致气道高反应性，有时吸入冷空气也可诱发支气管痉挛。有学者认为空气污染日趋严重，也可能是支气管哮喘患病率增加重要原因之一。</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">3.气候</span></p><p>儿童患者对气候变化很敏感，如气温突然变冷或气压降低，常可激发哮喘发作，因此，一般春秋两季儿童发病明显增加。</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">4.精神因素</span></p><p>儿童哮喘中精神因素引起哮喘发作虽不如成人为明显，但哮喘儿童也常受情绪影响，如大哭大笑或激怒恐惧后可引起哮喘发作。有学者证明在情绪激动或其他心理活动障碍时常伴有迷走神经兴奋。</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">5.遗传因素</span></p><p>哮喘具有遗传性，患儿家庭及个人过敏史，如哮喘、婴儿湿疹、荨麻疹、过敏性鼻炎等的患病率较一般群体为高。</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">6.运动</span></p><p>国外报道大部分哮喘患儿，运动常可激发哮喘，又称运动性哮喘，多见于较大儿童，剧烈持续（5～10分钟以上）的奔跑以后最易诱发哮喘，其发生机理是免疫性的。</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">7.药物</span></p><p>药物引起的哮喘也较常见。主要有两类药物，一类是阿司匹林及类似的解热镇痛药，可造成所谓内源性哮喘，如同时伴有鼻窦炎及鼻息肉，则称为阿司匹林三联症；其他类似药物有消炎痛、甲灭酸等，引起哮喘的机理可能为阿司匹林抑制前列腺素合成，导致环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）含量减少，释放化学介质引起哮喘，这类哮喘常随年龄增长而减少，青春期后发病见少。另一类药物为作用于心脏的药物，如心得安、心得平等可阻断β受体而引起哮喘，此外很多喷雾吸入剂亦可因刺激咽喉反射性引起支气管痉挛，如色甘酸钠、痰易净等，其他如碘油造影，磺胺药过敏也常可诱发哮喘发作。</p><p>以上为诱发哮喘的常见危险因素，有些因素只引起支气管痉挛，如运动及冷空气；有些因素可以突然引起哮喘的致死性发作，如药物及职业性化学物质。</p><p><a class=\"lemma-anchor para-title\" style=\"color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;\"></a><a class=\"lemma-anchor \" style=\"color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;\"></a><a class=\"lemma-anchor \" style=\"color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;\"></a></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1934,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486192645574,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486192645573,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486170525292,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小宝妈","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"小宝妈","realName":null,"signName":"不填可以吗","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486170626081.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"320000","cityId":"320400","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2032","isDel":0,"createAt":1486192344713,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘心理治疗效果","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">儿童哮喘是小儿的常见病多发病，引起儿童哮喘的原因有很多种，如病毒、支原体等所致呼吸道感染，天气变化、运动过度、劳累等，但是您知道吗有许多患儿的哮喘是由不良的心理因素诱发造成的。因此从这个角度来看，此病亦是一种心理性疾病。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">有的患儿在看惊险电影、电视镜头时，或解答很复杂的数学题时，会出现哮喘发作，还有的因平时受父母</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">(</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">特别是母亲</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">)</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">过分溺爱，突然受到责骂时，也会引起哮喘发作。而父母焦虑、抑郁的情绪也会影响到孩子，诱发哮喘的发作。我有一个病人，他妈妈属于特别容易精神紧张的人，由于孩子的哮喘在未得到规范化治疗前频繁发作，所以他妈妈犹如惊弓之鸟一般，在孩子正规吸药后，有一点咳嗽都要立即带到我那里，当着孩子的面不停的问我：&ldquo;于医生，喘不喘？喘不喘？&rdquo;终于，在规范化治疗四个月后，孩子的哮喘再一次发作。这次发作和他母亲极度焦虑的情绪不无关系。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　因此，家长除了对患儿进行必要的药物治疗外，切不可忽视心理治疗的作用。家长要保持一种良好平和的心态，避免焦虑的情绪影响患儿；要耐心解释，让患儿树立战胜疾病的信心</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: 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