![\"专家告诉您麻风病是怎么引起的\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1519805368432.jpg\" "\\"专家告诉您麻风病是怎么引起的\\"")
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荨麻疹是一种过敏性皮肤病，很多过敏原都会诱发荨麻疹，但是你知道有些人会因为寒冷而诱发荨麻疹吗?这种荨麻疹叫做寒冷性荨麻疹，也叫冷过敏，到了冬天就很容易发作，下面来讲讲寒冷性荨麻疹的相关知识。
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一、哪些情况会诱发寒冷性荨麻疹?
\n患者接触冷水或冷空气的部位，特别是面部、手部，在几分钟内出现瘙痒的水肿和风团。严重者身体其他部位也会出现皮疹。大约在半小时到一小时可以消失，或者是回到温暖的环境中，可以自动的消失。
\n如果接触面积大，比如游泳甚至淋雨时，可能会造成严重的急性过敏反应，皮肤发红、头痛、低血压，严重的甚至出现晕厥。
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二、寒冷性荨麻疹该怎么办?
\n1、避免冷刺激
\n患者在冬天要特别注意保暖，在不寒冷的季节，也要注意避免饮用冰饮、进食冰冷食物，游泳前试探水温。暴露于寒冷环境前服用抗组胺药物，缓解或避免严重过敏反应的出现。
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2、提高抵抗力
\n患者可以进行适当的锻炼，增强机体抵抗能力和对寒冷的耐受性。当然，在治愈之前，做好保暖措施尤为重要。
\n3、检查疾病
\n很多疾病会引发寒冷性荨麻疹，例如冷球蛋白血症、冷纤维蛋白原血症、冷溶血素症等，这些患者需要到医院接受相关检查，积极治疗基础疾病。
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因为寒冷性荨麻疹给患者的生活质量甚至生命安全造成了严重影响，所以需要积极治疗，平时注意护理，避免发病。
\n","barId":"1497","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":641,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1576303240310,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1576303240310,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"257bf3a8f30811e9a47600163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1571555192564,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"bjhy120@163.com","password":"bai654321","level":0,"nickName":"找良医用户_49830","realName":null,"signName":null,"head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"bjhy120@163.com","address":null,"identityType":5,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":0,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":0},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"28073","isDel":0,"createAt":1574320680135,"createBy":"257bf3a8f30811e9a47600163e0462f1","createName":"bjhy120@163.com","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"257bf3a8f30811e9a47600163e0462f1","title":"得了灰指甲该怎么办呢？","content":"
灰指甲会让指甲变得丑陋、脆弱，让人很不自在，想要摆脱灰指甲，患者除了到皮肤病医院进行治疗外，在日常生活中也要注意预防护理，下面来具体介绍一下灰指甲的治疗、护理方法。
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得了灰指甲该怎么办呢？
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1、早发现早治疗
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真菌感染早期，在甲板上出现白色或污黄色的小点、小片，指甲变色失去原有光泽，表面出现凹陷时，应及早就医。在医师的指导下使用抗真菌药物。
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2、树立战胜疾病的信心
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如果采用内服抗真菌药物，需要注意观察治疗期间灰指甲患者的血象、肝功等指标，如此项指标正常，患者无特殊不适，应积极鼓励患者坚持治疗，做好心理疏导工作，使其树立战胜疾病的信心。
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3、保持环境卫生
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真菌容易在温暖、潮湿的环境中生存，为了治疗灰指甲，就要保持环境的干燥、卫生。平时经常开窗通风，空气对流，降低室内湿度。
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4、治疗其他癣病
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同时要积极治疗手足癣、体癣及股癣，以免真菌传染到在不同部位之间传染。
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5、不要共用卫生用品
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在日常牛活中，注意个人卫生，毛巾、拖鞋、脸盆等个人卫生用品，应专人专用，避免与家人交叉使用。
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6、卫生用品定期消毒
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家庭中灰指甲手足癣患者的日用品，应定期用沸水消毒，不能烫洗的物品用日光曝晒2-3小时消毒。
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在生活中如果患上灰指甲，建议及时治疗，否则灰指甲会逐渐加重，治疗起来越来越困难，祝大家都能拥有健康的指甲。
","barId":"1497","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":620,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1574320680136,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1574320680136,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"257bf3a8f30811e9a47600163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1571555192564,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"bjhy120@163.com","password":"bai654321","level":0,"nickName":"找良医用户_49830","realName":null,"signName":null,"head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"bjhy120@163.com","address":null,"identityType":5,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":0,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":0},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"12721","isDel":0,"createAt":1519805057142,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家告诉您麻风病是怎么引起的","content":"麻风病发病的原因是因为感染了麻风杆菌，它是一种慢性传染疾病。麻风杆菌广泛存在于患者的体内，患者的皮肤、粘膜、周围神经、淋巴结、肝脾等网状内皮系统的某些细胞中都有大量的麻烦杆菌存在。可以通过破溃的皮肤和粘膜排出患者的体外，而且患者的乳汁、泪液、精液及阴道分泌物中也有麻风杆菌。如果健康者的皮肤受到破损，同时又接触了这些带有麻风杆菌的分泌物，则很容易被传染麻风病。
其实，麻风病主要由麻风杆菌引起。麻风杆菌属于分枝杆菌的一种，它是细胞内寄生菌，这种细胞寄生菌比较特别，它少了其他胞内寄生菌特有的触酶，这种酶能抵抗氧化和防止细菌被宿主清除。所以在组织中麻风杆菌死菌比例高， 并呈多形性表现。除此之外，麻风杆菌的血清学鉴定较为困难。因为麻风杆菌经过研究证实都不是特异性的抗原成分，且无法达到完全不与其他分枝杆菌成分发生交叉反应，也不能刺激机体产生有效的保护性抗体，所以麻风杆菌是很难通过自身产生抗体来进行保护的。
而且麻风杆菌对外界环境有一定的耐受力，使得它不容易被消灭。在体外干的鼻分泌物中，可存活9天，而在组织中的麻风杆菌，在4℃条件下7～10天它的活力仍然不发生改变。一般来说说细菌适宜的生长繁殖温度为27～30℃，所以主要在人体体温较低的体表皮肤、黏膜和浅表部位的外周神经生长。由于麻风杆菌生长极为缓慢，传代时间长达11～13天，所以到现在体外培养尚未成功。
近些年来对麻风杆菌基因的研究，虽然与其他分枝杆菌相较，它的基因中仅不到一半具有功能活性，而另一半以上为没有活性或称为假基因组成，这种衰变的基因可能为麻风杆菌生长繁殖缓慢和难于培养的主要原因。自1960年Shepard成功建立了小鼠足垫感染模型，所以现在小鼠足垫感染模型已作为测定麻风杆菌耐药性的标准实验方法。这些动物模型虽然与人类麻风感染仍有相当差别，但仍为麻风杆菌的微生物学、免疫学及生化特性研究，建立了良好的基础。
所以作为引起麻风病的麻风杆菌，它的细菌的研究对麻风病的病因以及治疗方面有很大的意义。因为麻风杆菌的耐受力以及它生存的温度使得麻风杆菌在体外还难以培养，医学家也难以通过对该麻风杆菌的仔细研究从而研制出相应的药物来进行控制。麻风病就是这样由麻风杆菌侵入身体后寄生于体内所引起的一种病症。
找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！
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现在的疾病，有很多种都带有传染性，比如麻风病，麻风病的传染源是未经治疗的麻风病人，其中多菌型患者皮肤黏膜含有大量麻风杆菌，是最重要的传染源。传染方式主要是直接接触传染，其次是间接接触传染，下面找良医网带大家一起来了解一下：
![\"专家告诉您麻风病是什么引起的\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1517018464711.jpg\" "\\"专家告诉您麻风病是什么引起的\\"")
1、直接接触传染
如果是皮肤有破损然后接触了带有麻风病的患者，就会导致被传染，现在还有很多是由于呼吸感染，带有病源的患者咳嗽，喷嚏都有可能导致被健康人吸入咽喉造成麻风病症状。
2、间接接触传染
间接接触传染的可能性很小，通常，这种方式是健康者与传染性麻风患者经过一定的传播媒介而受到传染。例如接触传染患者用过的衣物、被褥、手巾、食具等。
找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医，避免延误治疗的黄金时间。
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发病原因
麻风的传播途径主要是鼻和口腔分泌物、汗液、泪液、乳汁、精液以及阴道分泌物等体液。麻风杆菌侵入人体后，首先会在巨噬细胞和周围神经的施万细胞内潜伏一段时间，根据每个人的身体免疫情况，决定了细菌进入后是否发病以及病发状况。人体对麻风杆菌的反应以细胞免疫为主，虽也可产生特异性的抗体，但对抑制和杀灭麻风杆菌不起作用。
发病机制
在人体强大的细胞免疫状况下（即患者的免疫系统调节能力正常的情况下），麻风杆菌会被巨噬细胞逐渐消灭而不发病。在细胞免疫功能异常的情况下，根据组织对麻风杆菌不同反应，最终可演变为3种不同的病理类型，即结核样型、瘤型和界限型。
![\"专家向您解答麻风性周围神经病是怎么引起的\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1516264940938.jpg\" "\\"专家向您解答麻风性周围神经病是怎么引起的\\"")
麻风性周围神经病的引起跟患者细胞免疫力有很大的关系。如果结核样型麻风患者的细胞免疫力较强，就能将病变控制在一个局限的病灶内，主要累及周围神经和皮肤，内脏就不会受到太大的连累。因病灶内含菌极少，故病程进展缓慢，传染性低。瘤型麻风患者的机体对麻风杆菌的细胞免疫有缺陷，病灶内大量的麻风杆菌繁殖，有很强的传染性，不仅累及皮肤和周围神经，还常侵及鼻黏膜、肝、脾、淋巴结和睾丸。界限型麻风患者的细胞免疫状态介于瘤型和结核型之间，所以具有两型的病理改变，也可以更偏向于某一种类型，称为偏瘤型或偏结核型。
麻风性周围神经病的引起跟周围神经也有很大的关系。麻风病周围神经会造成周围神经干酪样坏死、纤维化、增殖性炎症损坏引起的神经嵌压以及血管炎引发的缺血性损害有关。血管炎还会殃及神经外膜的小血管，主要会出现肉芽肿性血管炎或免疫复合物型的坏死性血管炎。免疫组织化学染色发现周围神经和血管壁上有分枝杆菌抗体沉积。还会出现神经外膜血管受炎性组织压迫闭塞，造成神经组织呈灶性缺血性梗死。会对身体造成极大的不利。
麻风性周围神经病的引起跟耳大神经、尺神经和桡神经有关，会导致患者神经粗大。神经活检可见结核样干酪样坏死，周边有淋巴细胞和上皮样细胞形成的肉芽肿，坏死可液化形成所谓神经脓肿。神经内外膜均见大量淋巴细胞浸润，小血管增生，内皮细胞肿胀，管腔狭窄。神经外膜可见肉芽肿性血管炎。恢复期时，病灶纤维化，神经变粗大，质地变硬。抗酸染色一般不易找到抗酸杆菌。会对有髓和无髓纤维造成严重破坏，数量大大减少，少许残留的神经纤维会发生轴突变性和节段性脱髓鞘。会给身体造成很大的影响。
麻风性周围神经病会引起累神经也变粗，神经内外膜可见弥漫性的淋巴细胞浸润，神经外膜血管炎类型与结核型不同，多为免疫复合物型坏死性血管炎。神经纤维数目明显减少，脱髓鞘和轴突变性共存。抗酸染色在施万(雪旺)细胞和巨噬细胞内可查见麻风杆菌，巨噬细胞吞噬大量的麻风杆菌后形成所谓的“麻风球”，麻风杆菌的脂质积聚于巨噬细胞内形成所谓的泡沫细胞。
相关专业人士分析了53例麻风神经病的腓肠神经、尺神经背侧支、桡神经表浅支的活检病理，结果显示炎性病变40例(75％)，肉芽肿反应7例(1.3％)，不同程度纤维化35例(66％)，内膜血管增生7例(1.3％)。大多数患者会有不同程度的轴突变性和神经纤维脱失，甚至还会有完全脱失的现象。9例(1.7％)可见髓鞘脱失和再生反应，15例(28％)在血管内皮细胞、施万细胞和巨噬细胞内查见麻风杆菌。
找良医网温馨提示：以上就是对麻风性周围神经病是怎么引起的介绍，希望能对您有所帮助，如果您有身体不适等状况，请及时到相关医院做相关治疗，祝大家身体健康！
麻风是由麻风杆菌引起的一种慢性传染病，也被称作癞病，主要病变在皮肤和周围神经。临床表现为麻木性皮肤损害，神经粗大，严重者甚至肢端残废。印度、埃及和中国被认为是世界麻风的三大发源地。在我国麻风流行已2000多年，始于春秋战国时代。那么，麻风病是怎么引起的呢？
![\"麻风病是怎么引起的\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1509171405955.png\" "\\"麻风病是怎么引起的\\"")
其实，麻风病主要由麻风杆菌引起。麻风杆菌属于分枝杆菌的一种，它是细胞内寄生菌，这种细胞寄生菌比较特别，它少了其他胞内寄生菌特有的触酶，这种酶能抵抗氧化和防止细菌被宿主清除。所以在组织中麻风杆菌死菌比例，并呈多形性表现。除此之外，麻风杆菌的血清学鉴定较为困难。因为麻风杆菌经过研究证实都不是特异性的抗原成分，且无法达到完全不与其他分枝杆菌成分发生交叉反应，也不能刺激机体产生有效的保护性抗体，所以麻风杆菌是很难通过自身产生抗体来进行保护的。
而且麻风杆菌对外界环境有一定的耐受力，使得它不容易被消灭。在体外干的鼻分泌物中，可存活9天，而在组织中的麻风杆菌，在4℃条件下7～10天它的活力仍然不发生改变。一般来说说细菌适宜的生长繁殖温度为27～30℃，所以主要在人体体温较低的体表皮肤、黏膜和浅表部位的外周神经生长。由于麻风杆菌生长极为缓慢，传代时间长达11～13天， 所以到现在体外培养尚未成功。
近些年来对麻风杆菌基因的研究，虽然与其他分枝杆菌相较，它的基因中仅不到一半具有功能活性，而另一半以上为没有活性或称为假基因组成，这种衰变的基因可能为麻风杆菌生长繁殖缓慢和难于培养的主要原因。自1960年Shepard成功建立了小鼠足垫感染模型，所以现在小鼠足垫感染模型已作为测定麻风杆菌耐药性的标准实验方法。这些动物模型虽然与人类麻风感染仍有相当差别，但仍为麻风杆菌的微生物学、免疫学及生化特性研究，建立了良好的基础。
找良医网温馨提示：以上就是关于麻风病是怎么引起的介绍，希望能对大家有所帮助。作为引起麻风病的麻风杆菌，它的细菌的研究对麻风病的病因以及治疗方面有很大的意义。因为麻风杆菌的耐受力以及它生存的温度使得麻风杆菌在体外还难以培养，医学家也难以通过对该麻风杆菌的仔细研究从而研制出相应的药物来进行控制。希望各位定期做身体检查，如有身体不适请及时到医院就诊，早日查清病况及早治疗，最后，祝愿大家身体健康！
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一、麻风病是一种什么病?麻风病是由麻风杆菌引起的一种慢性接触传染性皮肤病。主要侵犯皮肤和浅表神经。临床上常有皮肤和神经症状。晚期病人可有眼、鼻、咽喉、淋巴结及内脏损害。
\n二、麻风病是怎样传染的?麻风病的病源菌是麻风杆菌。麻风病的主要传方式是直接接触传染，即健康人破损的皮肤和粘膜直接接触病人含有麻风杆菌的皮损或粘膜损害。其次是间接接触传染。即健康破损的皮肤或粘膜经常接触病人用过的生活用品或生产工具而造成感染。
\n![\"麻风病的防治知识\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1508318200541.jpg\" "\\"麻风病的防治知识\\"")
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感染了麻风杆菌不一定发病。是否发病主要决定于本人机体对麻风杆菌的抵抗力(免疫力)据调查统计95%以上的成人对麻风病有免疫力。世界上曾有二十多人自愿把麻风病杆菌接种到自己身上，经观察都没有发生麻风病。证明麻风病发病率很低，并不可怕。
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三、麻风杆菌的抵抗力强?麻风杆菌对外界环境的抵抗力相对较弱。经紫外线照射30-60分钟或经日光直射2小时即完全失去活力，但在碎冰中保存20天后或在室温(14-24℃)条件下保存2周，活力才完全丧失;麻风菌对热十分敏感，60℃10-30分钟即完全失活。
\n四、感染了麻风菌就一定会得麻风病?
\n绝大多数人(约占95%)对麻风杆菌具有特异性免疫力，即使麻风杆菌侵入机体也很快会被消灭而不引起发病，只有很少部分免疫力低下或存在免疫缺陷者才会导致发病。
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