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阿司匹林抗癌作用：“血小板”理论再被证实！","content":"<p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">近年来，揭示阿司匹林抗癌作用的研究比比皆是。虽然阿司匹林被美国预防服务工作组（</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%\">Preventive Services Task Force</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">）用以帮助预防结直肠癌，但仍未成为任何癌症主流治疗的一部分。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">研究人员一直很困惑这一“神药”究竟是如何抗癌的。大多数人认为，这与阿司匹林降低炎症的作用相关。日前，发表在</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%\">Cancer Prevention Research</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">杂志上题为“</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%\">Unlocking Aspirin&#39;s Chemopreventive Activity: Role of Irreversibly Inhibiting Platelet Cyclooxygenase-1</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">”的研究中，来自德克萨斯大学的科学家们提出了一个新理论，并在小鼠和细胞培养实验中成功进行了测试。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">研究者认为，阿司匹林的抗癌作用与血小板有关。据介绍，除了凝血，血小板在新血管的形成中也发挥着作用。这一作用通常是有益的，如当受伤后形成了新的凝块，需要新生血管来调节血液流动。但是，相同的作用也会帮助肿瘤生长。该研究发现，阿司匹林通过关闭</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%\">COX-1</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">酶，控制循环血小板的数量和它们的活性水平，从而阻断血小板与癌细胞的相互作用。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">研究中，科学家小组使用了两种版本的阿司匹林：从当地药店购买的普通阿司匹林以及结合了磷脂酰胆碱（</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%\">phosphatidylcholine</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">）特制版阿司匹林。结果发现，特制版的阿司匹林复合物比普通阿司匹林抗癌活性更强。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496266215516.jpg\" title=\"1496266215516.jpg\" alt=\"201702101133534779.jpg\"/></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\"></span><br/></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">该研究结论称，这一成果表明，阿司匹林的化学预防作用可能部分是因为该药阻断了血小板的促瘤作用。研究小组称，他们计划与</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%\">MD</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">安德森癌症中心的研究人员合作，在高风险结直肠癌人群中测试阿司匹林复合物的安全性和有效性。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">另一项提出“血小板理论”的研究</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">事实上，去年</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%\">11</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">月</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%\">30</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">日，发表在</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%\">American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height: 200%;font-family:宋体\">上的一项研究也提出了阿司匹林抗癌的血小板理论。科学家将激活的血小板与</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%\">3</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">组癌细胞混合。这</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%\">3</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">组癌细胞分别是转移性结肠癌细胞、非转移性结肠癌细胞以及非转移性胰腺癌细胞。当将阿司匹林添加到混合物中，他们发现，血小板不再能够刺激胰腺癌细胞和非转移性结肠癌细胞的生长和增殖。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span 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252);\">内引流、外引流、支架，怎么选择，有什影响？</span></p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1297,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486785283527,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486785283525,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486168781822,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"茉莉花","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"茉莉花","realName":null,"signName":"随遇而安","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486169681471.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140500","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3313","isDel":0,"createAt":1486779183488,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"肺腺癌术后心包积液","content":"<p><span 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252);\">家里人觉得骨髓移植花费太过，没有合适的骨髓，家里人大多O型，和孩子的血型不匹配，想问问是否可以骨髓移植</span></p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1482,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486747742172,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486747742169,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1479808372065,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"海总剑客","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"洞医客服微信2276635444","realName":null,"signName":"洞医网提醒您：请仔细阅读产品说明书或者在医务人员的指导下购买和使用，禁忌内容或者注意事项详见说明书","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"756954943@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2159","isDel":0,"createAt":1486747697097,"createBy":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","createName":"海总剑客","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","title":"化疗四次后肿瘤缩小","content":"<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', Helvetica, 'microsoft yahei', simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: #fcfcfc;\">男,54岁。2016年9月10经针刺活检诊断为弥漫大B非霍奇金淋巴瘤三期A组，右下腹部肿瘤大小约6*10cm，9月12日进行R-CHOP方案第一次化疗化疗，10月9日进行R-Chop-E方案第二次化疗，10月27日进行R-CHOP-E第三次化疗，11月18日进行R-MEOP方案第四次化疗，目前腹部彩超显示依然有1.3*4cm大小的腹部包块，</span><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', Helvetica, 'microsoft yahei', simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: 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252);\">我是山东临沂的一名遗传性骨软骨瘤病的患者。1年半前在贵所做了基因检测。现在我爱人怀孕7周了，想做产前的基因诊断，请问什么时候过去合适？需要准备什么资料？</span></p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1448,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486743921044,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486743921042,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"1469","isDel":0,"createAt":1486726146080,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"直肠癌晚期不治疗扩散到什么器官","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　直肠癌在近几年来发病率一直上升，使不少患者承受了很大痛苦，这个病是一种危害性非常大的肿瘤疾病，人们患上直肠癌以后不仅会严重影响身体健康，也会对直肠癌患者的心理和情绪带来很大的波动。如果直肠癌患者不及时治疗的话，直肠癌还会扩散到其他部位，甚至影响身体健康。下面大家就与小编一起去看看，直肠癌晚期不治疗扩散到什么器官。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<strong><span style=\";line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">直肠癌晚期不及时治疗会扩散到哪里</span></strong><strong><span style=\";line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #333333;\">?</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\";line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">　　经腹膜蔓延或种植：</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　腹腔内的转移播散是直肠癌的主要蔓延方式。早期在原发肿瘤附近的腹膜上有散在的癌结节，显示腹膜下有淋巴管播散，晚期腹膜广泛播散，最后达大网膜和腹腔内脏器。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<strong><span style=\";line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">直接浸润：</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　直肠癌还会由癌灶边缘在肠壁内向周围蔓延，一般横向蔓延比纵向快，向深处由黏膜层逐渐向黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜层浸润，穿透浆膜层达直肠周围组织和毗邻脏器。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<strong><span style=\";line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">经静脉扩散：</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　这是直肠癌患者内脏和远隔脏器转移的主要途径，也是影响直肠癌患者长期生存的最主要因素。癌组织侵入黏膜时可侵人静脉。癌细胞通过静脉到达肝脏，或转移到肺和其他器官。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<strong><span style=\";line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">淋巴道转移：</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　这种转移占直肠癌</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">60%</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">。直肠癌细胞经粘膜下层淋巴网穿过肠壁</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">&rarr;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">肠壁面淋巴结</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">&rarr;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">结肠旁淋巴结</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">&rarr;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">中间淋巴结</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">&rarr;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">中央淋巴结</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">(</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">主淋巴结</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">&rarr;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">主动脉旁淋巴结</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">&rarr;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">锁骨上淋巴结。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<strong><span style=\";line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">种植转移：</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　常见种植方式有三种，一种是癌细胞侵犯至浆膜外时，脱落的直肠癌细胞种植在腹盆腔腹膜形成癌结节</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">一种是肠腔内癌组织癌细胞脱落种植到附近粘膜损伤处，粘膜完整时不能种植，这也可能是直肠癌常有多发病灶的原因之一</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">再者就是手术中的医源性种植。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<strong><span style=\";line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">局部扩散：</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　直肠癌还会先有肠壁内扩散，癌环绕肠壁一周生长约需</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">2</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">年，癌浸润至肌层后易发生血行转移。直肠癌还可以侵袭整个肠壁以致肠周围的器官</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">(</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">如膀胱、前列腺、子宫、小肠、肝、胃、胰等</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">。这种情况是直肠癌患者常见的转移现象。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1658,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486726146081,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486726146080,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"1176","isDel":0,"createAt":1486726110411,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"直肠癌在早期都有什么症状","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　如果我们能在直肠癌发病的初期及时的发现病情我们或许还能在关键时刻保住自己的性命，大家在日常生活中需要注意直肠癌，在出现这种疾病的时候，患者需要长时间的用药，严重的影响到患者的身体，平时大家需要注意疾病出现，并且在日常生活中，要综合进行调理。而且要注意其中的症状，<strong>直肠癌在早期都有什么症状</strong>？</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\";line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">　　直肠癌在早期都有什么症状</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">1</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、直肠癌早期症状大便出血，是直肠癌最常见的症状，但常被大家所忽视或被误诊为痔疮而延误治疗，使病情加重。便血多为红色或暗红色，混有粪便之粘液血便，或脓血便，有时伴有血块，坏死组织。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">2</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、改变习惯，由于肿块及其产生之分泌物，可产生肠道刺激症状，便意频繁，排便不昼感，里急后重等症状，但排出物多是粘液脓血状物，最初这些</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">&ldquo;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">假性腹泻</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">&rdquo;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">现象多发生在清晨起床不久，称晨起腹泻。以后次数逐渐增多，甚至晚间不能入睡，改变了往日大便习惯。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">3</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、直肠癌早期症状肛门疼痛及肛门失禁，直肠下段癌如浸润肛管部可引起局部疼痛，如累及肛管括约肌则可引起肛门失禁，脓血便经常流出，污染内裤</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">癌肿感染或转移，可引起腹股沟部淋巴结增大。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">4</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、直肠癌早期症状肠道狭窄及梗阻现象，癌肿绕肠壁周径浸润，使肠腔狭窄，尤在直肠乙结肠交界处，多为狭窄型硬癌，极易引起梗阻现象。直肠壶腹部癌，因多是溃疡型，直甩壶腹部较宽阔，估计约</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">1</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">～</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">2</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">年左右才引起狭窄梗阻，大便形成变细，排便困难，便秘，引起腹部不适，气胀及疼痛。由于粪便堆积，在梗阻上段乙结肠部位，有时在左下腹部，可扪及条索状肿块。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　大家需要注意保持好的心态，平时大家需要注意直肠癌的症状，避免造成大便出血而且还会造成生活习惯发生改变，平时大家需要注意直肠癌的出现，避免影响到生活。而且要注意肠胃功能变化全面地进行自我调理，有效进行饮食。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1852,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486726110413,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486726110411,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4664","isDel":0,"createAt":1486726078909,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"直肠癌在做造血干细胞移植前要明确四点","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><strong><span style=\";line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">直肠癌在做造血干细胞移植前要明确四点？</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　对病人来讲，患了</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">“</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">淋巴瘤</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">”</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">以后可能最关心的下一步到底采取哪些治疗，关于是否进行造血干细胞的移植病人肯定是关心的问题，所以从病人角度我想说一下几点。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　第一，首先考虑自己到底适不适合做造血干细胞的移植，因为并不是所有病人都需要做造血干细胞的移植。就像刚刚大家说到的，晚期的、治疗效果的不好的、或者复发的，这类病人才考虑做造血干细胞的移植。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　第二点，要从病人身体上来考虑，比方说病人的年龄、病人的肝脏、肾脏、心脏能不能耐受移植，以前我们都是</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">60</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">岁以下考虑做造血干细胞的移植，最近一些年年龄逐渐在提高，可以提高到</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">65</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">岁，但是还要根据身体的具体情况。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　第三个要考虑的，病人要选择好的医生、好的医院，这可能对病人是非常有借鉴意义的。因为造血干细胞的移植是一个非常重要的治疗手段，如果要选择的不好医生和院长可能和一些大的医院、有名的专家做的造血干细胞的移植的治疗结果可能有很大的差别，所以建议病人找好的医院和好的医生。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　再有一个要注意的就是经费，因为造血干细胞的移植经费是要贵的，所以在做造血干细胞的移植之前，我们要充分的考虑到经费是否有医保，哪些药物在医保范围之内，自己需要花多少钱，所以这个也要考虑一下。最后一点，要从心理上做好准备，移植前找好的医生，找自己经管的医生或者高级的负责医生详细的了解整个移植过程、风险的估计、愈后的情况，做好充分的心理准备。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1017","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1499,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486726078910,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486726078909,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4340","isDel":0,"createAt":1486726045116,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"远离直肠癌 预防很重要","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　生病是在所难免的，生活中相信没有人是不知道疾病对于我们的健康和社会安定是有很大危害和影响的，尤其是让人闻之色变的直肠癌疾病，这是一种发病率较高的恶性肿瘤疾病，绝对不可小视。大家要想远离直肠癌的危害，除了治疗还要重视直肠癌的预防，我们这就来给大家做下这方面的有关介绍吧。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">1</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、不吸烟：吸烟可以说是胃癌、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡的独立危险因素。就算生活中其他方面都非常合理健康，就是吸烟，也会诱发多种疾病。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">2</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、放松心情，减轻压力：心理因素对健康有非常大的影响。如果女性持续过度的精神紧张、情绪激动和抑郁等，就会对溃疡的发生和复发有一定的促进作用。因此，在平时，女性要保持心情愉快和情绪稳定，防止紧张、焦虑、恼怒等不良情绪。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">3</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、饮食规律，三餐定时定量：女性饮食应该不过饥过饱，均衡营养。不少人的胃病是吃出来的，是长时间饮食不规律、食物不合理导致的，不良饮食习惯会造成多种消化道疾病。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">4</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、有不适就及时就诊，定期作体检：不少人出现胃不舒服时，就随便买些胃药吃了，还有些人觉得胃病是小病，毫不在乎，这些都是不好的。建议</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">40</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">岁以上的健康人每年做一次胃镜或钡餐检查。如果女性已经有消化道疾病，那么，就要听从医生建议做相应的检查。千万不要自己给自己下药或置之不理。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1023","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1730,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486726045117,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486726045116,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4090","isDel":0,"createAt":1486726013748,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"直肠癌手术后怎么护理?要注意哪些护理事项？","content":"<p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left: 0;line-height:200%\">　　拥有健康的身体是最大的财富，每个人都要健健康康的生活着，特别要注意直肠癌。直肠癌是消化道较常见的恶性肿瘤之一，近些年来发病率高，那么，直肠癌手术后怎么护理呢<span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif\">?</span>要注意哪些护理事项<span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif\">?</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;line-height: 200%\">　　癌症是让人听之色变的一种重大性疾病，随着直肠癌的不断高发想必大家对这一肿瘤疾病应该也多少都有听说过吧。因为这样的患者时常出现在我们周围，导致大家心里充满了恐惧，而且这个病的复发机率非常高，所以即使做了手术患者也要多加注意平时的护理工作，避免疾病再次发作，今天我们就针对直肠癌手术之后的护理，来进行一下详细的讲解。</p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;line-height: 200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体\">　　一、饮食禁忌</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;line-height: 200%\">　　注意饮食禁忌这是临床上几乎每一种疾病患者都应该要注意的一个护理问题，更何况是直肠癌这样对患者身心健康有着很大伤害的疾病，饮食禁忌方面的护理一定要多加注意。直肠癌经过手术后会出现一些不适症状，出现反复的腹泻，消化能力也下降，所以在饮食上要选择好消化容易吸收的食物。</p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;line-height: 200%\">　　直肠癌患者在手术完以后会出现这样或是那样的身体反应症状，不同体质的患者出现的反应情况不同，因此所要采取的饮食禁忌要针对患者的自身情况而定。对于有的患者出现便血、身体消瘦、发热的症状我们要增强营养，选择流汁药膳进行补充，适当的增加主食，粥类等半流食的食物，均衡营养合理健康的饮食，要注意的问题就是避免辛辣刺激性食物的摄入，更不能饮酒，不能吃高脂肪的食物，在恢复期间可以适量的少食多餐，保证营养被及时的消化吸收，减少肠胃的损伤。</p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;line-height: 200%\">　<strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体\">　二、心理状态</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;line-height: 200%\">　　护理做完直肠癌手术后的患者还要多加重视他们的心理方面，心理状态的好坏对于直肠癌患者的身体恢复也是有着不可小视的影响作用的。除饮食之外还有很多要做的护理大肠癌的事项，必须要保持乐观积极的情绪，防止紧张、焦躁、由于造成的心理不良，及时的开导病人，缓解内心的压力苦闷，增强身体锻炼，恢复身体各大功能的正常，防止免疫力下降等现象。</p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;line-height: 200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体\">　　三、其它方面</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;line-height: 200%\">　　在生活起居方面家长要做好各个方面的护理工作，让刚做完直肠癌手术的病人能够有最好的休息和恢复。在大肠癌的术后护理上，就是在患者手术后，保证良好的卧床休息，不适合活动，以免术后伤口的裂开，出现任何异常情况就是去医院检查治疗。注意伤口术后防止感染，保证环境的卫生和清洁，防止交叉感染出现，还要增强患者的自信心和动手能力，保证患者健康的心理状态。</p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;line-height: 200%\">　　直肠癌不是一种小疾病，即使是在做完手术之后也是会有很多不同症状反复发生的，鉴于此对直肠癌手术后的护理一定要多加小心和注意，护理也是治疗直肠癌疾病的不可或缺的一部分。从患者的身体和心理等多个方面去照顾护理病人，这样才能够让直肠癌患者感觉到家人的关心与温暖，这对病人的身体恢复帮助作用极大，一定要引起大家的重视。</p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1419,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486726013750,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486726013748,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3102","isDel":0,"createAt":1486725902572,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"6岁孩子患上了胃癌 竟是日常食物出了问题","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　在合肥，有个孩子名叫童童，妈妈巴不得把所有好东西都给宝贝儿子。孩子刚刚长了两颗牙齿的时候，就经常托人从国外买蛋糕、面包、糖果、薯片等零食给孩子吃。有段时间，孩子总说肚子疼，有时候拉出来的大便呈现黑色。童童妈妈就带着孩子去医院检查，没想到，竟然确诊孩子得了胃癌！</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　吃什么容易造成胃癌</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　发霉的坚果</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　即使是偶尔吃到一个有霉变味道的坚果，也要马上吐掉并认真漱口，因为黄曲霉毒素在人体内是可以蓄积的，时间久了很容易引发癌症，千万不要嫌麻烦把它吞下去！购买坚果、花生、粮食等的时候，尽量选择小包装的，除非家里有很多人。尽量不要放太久，吃的时候要先闻一闻味道，一旦发现味道不对就马上扔掉。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　坏的苹果</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　很多人以为苹果只有烂掉的部分被霉菌感染了，只要把这部分切掉，剩下的部分还是好的，也可以继续吃，其实并非如此，一旦食物开始霉变，还没有完全变质的那部分也已经进入到微生物新陈代谢的过程中，已经产生了大量肉眼看不到的细菌和毒素，这些都能引发癌症。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　大米发霉导致癌症</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　如果闻到大米有了霉味儿，赶紧把它们扔掉！因为食物发霉之后，微生物代谢会产生一种毒性非常大的导致癌症物质</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">--</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">黄曲霉毒素，它是一种毒性极强的物质，进入人体以后主要对人的肝脏组织进行破坏。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　放久了的植物油</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　放久了的植物油可能会产生少量的黄曲霉毒素，因此，不要看着超市特价就买个三五桶囤着，放久了的油不要生吃，可以等油热后加点儿盐，因为盐中的碘化物可以去除黄曲霉毒素的部分毒性，不然时间久了肯定会引发癌症。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　吃什么食物能养胃</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　红薯</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　性平，味甘，补脾益气。《纲目拾遗》中记载其</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">“</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">补中，暖胃，肥五脏。</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">”</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">天寒食用，正气养胃，化食去积，兼可清肠减肥。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　南瓜</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　《本草纲目》中记载：</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">“</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">南瓜性温，味甘，入脾、胃经</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">”</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">，能补中益气、消炎杀菌、止痛。其所含的丰富果胶，可</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">“</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">吸附</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">”</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">细菌和有毒物质，包括重金属、铅等，起到排毒作用。同时，果胶可保护胃部免受刺激，减少溃疡。可用南瓜煮粥或汤，滋养肠胃。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　桂圆</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　李时珍曾说过：</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">“</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">食品以荔枝为美，滋益则龙眼为良</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">”</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">。和荔枝性属湿热不同，桂圆能入药，有壮阳益气、温胃补脾等多种功效。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　山药</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　随着天气渐冷，有些脾胃虚寒的人常常出现食少腹胀、大便稀溏、肢体倦怠等症状。经常熬山药粥喝，能有效缓解胃部不适。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　菠菜</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　味甘性凉，能润燥养肝，益肠胃，通便秘。《食疗本草》中称其</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">“</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">利五脏，通肠胃，解酒毒。</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">”</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">菠菜可促进胃和胰腺分泌，增食欲，助消化；丰富的纤维素还能帮助肠道蠕动，有利排便。不过，菠菜草酸含量高，妨碍钙质吸收，应避免与豆腐、紫菜等高钙食物同吃，或在烹煮前轻汆，除去草酸。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　哪些人容易被胃癌盯上？</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">1</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、有肿瘤家族史的人在两三代的亲属中，有得过消化系统肿瘤或者其他肿瘤，其得胃癌的几率就会更高。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">2</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、长期吸烟、饮酒者特别爱吃烫食、腌制和烧烤食物、高盐食物等不良生活习惯的人。这些习惯会对胃造成较严重的损伤，应及时调整。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">3</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、胃溃疡、慢性胃炎等胃病患者患有这些疾病的人要积极治疗，防止疾病进展，并定期去医院复查。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　说起胃癌，很多人觉得这离自己很远。但是胃病却已经成为了</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">“</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">都市病</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">”</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">，不少上班一族都容易出现胃不舒服、胃酸、胃胀这些症状，长此以往，很可能会造成胃癌，所以一定要做到早预防早诊治。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1443,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486725902574,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486725902572,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2718","isDel":0,"createAt":1486725858895,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"牢记胃癌来临前的五大信号 早期症状大揭秘","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　癌症仍然是现代医学难以解决的一大难题，早期的胃癌患者都会出现一些轻微变化，此时不引起重视的话就会发展成晚期，从而错过最佳治疗时期。那么，胃癌早期有哪些症状呢？</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">1</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、上腹部疼痛</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　此为胃癌最常见的症状。开始为间歇性的隐隐作痛，常常诊断为胃炎或溃疡病等。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">2</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、上腹部不适</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　多为饱胀感或烧灼感。可以暂时缓解，反复出现。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">3</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、食欲减退、嗳气等消化不良症状</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　表现为食后饱胀感并主动限制饮食，常常伴有反复嗳气。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">4</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、黑便或大便潜血阳性</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　如果在没有进食血豆腐，吃铋剂等药物的情况下出现了大便发黑，就应尽早来医院检查。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">5</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、乏力、消瘦及贫血</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　这是另一组常见而又不特异的胃癌症状。病人常常因食欲减退，消化道失血而出现疲乏软弱等表现。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　注意：在胃疼、胃区不适或消化道不适的时候，应该及时去医院消化科做胃镜或实验室检查，搞清病因。在疾病发作之前，做好预防工作是最</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">“</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">高明</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">”</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">的做法。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　胃癌是我国最常见的肿瘤疾病之一，早检查、早治疗是降低胃癌死亡率的最关键手段。但早期胃癌仅限于胃壁黏膜层，患者</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">5</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">年生存率可达</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">95%</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">，而晚期胃癌手术切除后患者的</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">5</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">年生存率仅有</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">20%</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">左右。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　目前我国住院病例中超过</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">90%</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">的胃癌病人是进展至中晚期才就医的，从而失去了治疗疾病的最佳时机。胃癌早期发现和早期诊断是早期治疗的基础，也是减低胃癌死亡率的关键一环。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　在胃疼、胃区不适或消化道不适的时候，应该及时去医院消化科做胃镜或实验室检查，搞清病因。而那些生活无规律、工作紧张繁忙，且长期吃腌制品或发霉食物的人，更应及时体检，定期进行排查。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　尽管许多人的胃疼就是一般性胃炎，但最后发展成胃癌的亦不在少数。胃溃疡、萎缩性胃炎、胃息肉等某些慢性胃病目前已被公认为癌前期病变。专家提醒有胃病家族史、又反复出现胃痛症状的人，应提高警惕。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1979,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486725858896,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486725858895,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2275","isDel":0,"createAt":1486725805997,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"预防胃癌疾病的措施是什么呢","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　用来帮助我们消化的胃部如果长时间遭受着我们的折磨的话就很有可能被癌症找上门来，这就是我们所说的胃癌了，生活当中会有较多的因素引起胃癌的发生，最为严重的是会影响到较多的朋友，让他们的胃部方面疼痛，而且会影响患者的正常生活，我们应当重视胃癌的预防才可以，那么关于胃癌疾病的预防办法会有哪些呢，往下看为朋友们介绍一下吧。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><strong><span style=\";line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　预防胃癌的办法：</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　多吃新鲜蔬菜和水果，多吃含维生素</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">A</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">B</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">E</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">的食物，适当加强蛋白质摄入，以利保护胃粘膜。少吃或不吃腌菜，腌菜中含有大量的亚硝酸盐和二级胺，在胃内适宜酸度或细菌的作用下，能合成亚硝胺类化合物，这类化合物是很强的致癌物质。所以食品要新鲜，提倡冰箱冷藏。不吃或少吃烟熏和油煎食物，熏鱼和熏肉中含有大量的致癌物质，如</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">3-4</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">苯并芘和环芳烃。油炸、烘烤、烧焦食物和重复使用的高温食油中也含有此类致癌物质，应尽量少食用。不吃霉变的食物，日常生活中常常会遇到发霉变质的食品，霉变是由污染霉菌所引起，霉菌中有些是产毒真菌，是很强的致癌物质，同时某些食物在产毒真菌作用下产生大量的亚硝酸盐和二级胺，进入机体后在一定条件下，胃又可合成亚硝胺类化合物而致癌。保护食用水的卫生。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　因为被污染的水源中含多种致癌的金属离子，所以一定要用正规的自来水，农村地区尽量使用井水。积极治疗癌前病变，萎缩性胃炎与胃癌有较密切的关系，是癌前病变</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">由胃溃疡恶变的胃癌占</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">5-10%;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">胃多发性腺瘤性息肉的癌变较单发性息肉多见，息肉直径超过</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">2cm</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">显示有恶变倾向</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">恶性贫血与胃癌也有一定的关系。所以患萎缩性胃炎、胃溃疡、胃多发性腺瘤性息肉、恶性贫血的人，必须经常到医院检查治疗，消除癌前病变，预防胃癌的发生。要养成良好的饮食习惯，若饮食不定时定量、暴饮暴食、进食过快过烫，对胃是一个损伤性的刺激，与胃癌的发生有一定的关系。同时，食盐摄入量大，进餐时好生闷气与胃癌也有关系。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　我们只有在生活中好好的做好胃癌的预防工作的话才能远离胃癌给我们带来的危害，胃癌特别的普遍，较多的因素可以诱发胃癌的发生，而且会给患者的胃部方面带来了极其严重的侵害，朋友们要深入了解一些胃癌的知识，尤其是要做一些胃癌的预防工作。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1017","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1095,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486725806001,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486725805997,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"1950","isDel":0,"createAt":1486725770682,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"胃癌全切术后饮食护理","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　胃癌疾病是肿瘤疾病的一种，该疾病发生后，通常需要进行手术，这是目前治疗效果较好的一种，对患者的康复有很大的帮助。但由于身体的部分功能还不完善，因此日常的饮食需要改善。那么，胃癌全切术后饮食护理应当如何调整</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">?</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">我们来一起了解下。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">(1)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">在进行手术后，胃癌患者不能向正常人一样进行饮食，至少也需要半年的时间才能恢复正常。所以术后患者出院，少食多餐是饮食上的原则。每天进餐</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">5</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">～</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">8</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">次，每次摄入食物</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">75</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">～</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">100</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">克。初期量少次数多，以后逐步到量多次数少。从流质、半流质到软食。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">(2)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">在饮食上，胃癌患者应该进行细嚼慢咽，不要咬咬就咽下去，而是让食物在口腔内用牙齿嚼烂，用舌头将食物和唾液拌和，这样容易消化，以口腔代替胃的部分消化功能，减轻了胃的负担。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">(3)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">对术后的胃癌患者而言，日常的饮食是有很大要求的，通常，进食的饮食应清淡、高维生素、高蛋白质，富于营养，易消化。如面条、各种粥、牛奶、豆浆、藕粉、鱼、虾仁、瘦肉糜等。经常多吃新鲜水果、蔬菜。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">(4)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">胃癌患者在术后的生活中可适当补充一些铁剂，主要的原因就是患者的胃切除后，胃酸减少或缺乏而影响铁的吸收，导致缺铁性贫血。可食硫酸亚铁、动物肝脏、菠菜等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">(5)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">胃癌患者无论是在术后还是在日常生活中，在饮食上一定要严格进食油炸、辛辣、刺激性如咖啡、浓茶及过凉饮料等食品的摄入，过热、过甜的食物也要限制。食物的温度最好在</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">40~50</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">。禁止烟酒。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">(6)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">胃癌患者在术后的康复期的</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">2</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">～</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">3</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">周时，有些病情恢复较好的患者可能进甜食</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">(</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">如牛奶加糖</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">后出现心慌、出汗、头昏、恶心、呕吐、上腹部不舒服等症状，一般持续</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">15</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">～</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">30</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">分钟可自行缓解，被称之为</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">&ldquo;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">倾倒综合征</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">&rdquo;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">。为防止出现这种情况，要控制每餐食物总量和进食速度，进食后躺下休息</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">15</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">～</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\">30</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">分钟。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">　</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1388,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486725770684,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486725770682,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"1210","isDel":0,"createAt":1486725684031,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"肺癌患者放疗后会出现哪些副作用","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　对人体健康而言，肺癌疾病带来的危害非常的严重，甚至可能直接导致患者死亡，因为肺癌是严重的恶心肿瘤，死亡率很高。放疗虽是治肺癌的好方法，但有一定的副作用。那么，肺癌患者放疗后会出现哪些副作用</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">?</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">我们一起来看看下文的介绍。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　临床发现，肺癌疾病的发病部位有一定的规律。通常情况下，右肺发病多于左肺，上叶发病多于下叶，从主支气管到细支气管，都可诱发癌肿。根据肺癌发生部位的不同，临床上将肺癌分为中央型肺癌、周围型肺癌及弥漫型肺癌三类，其中起源于主支气管、肺叶支气管的肺癌，位置靠近肺门者称为中央型肺癌</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">起源于肺段支气管以下的肺癌位置在肺的周围部分者称为周围型肺癌</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">起源于细支气管或肺泡，位置弥漫分布于两肺者为弥漫型肺癌。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　如果肺癌患者的发病源于支气管粘膜上皮，而且局限在基底膜内，我们也称这一疾病为原位癌癌肿，可向支气管腔内和临近的肺组织生长，并可通过淋巴血行或经支气管转移扩散。癌瘤生长速度和转移扩散的情况，与癌瘤的组织学类型、分化程度等生物学特性有一定关系。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　这个疾病跟患者自己平时的生活习惯是有着很大的关系的，要是患者自己平时经常性的吸烟喝酒或者是生活作息习惯不是很好的话，那么是对患者自己身体有着直接性的伤害的</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">而且在很多的时候要是患者经常性的喝酒的话，酒精是会直接的影响这个患者体内的细胞的，况且在很多的情况之下还有可能会导致酒精中毒，所以患者自己是需要多加的注意的。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　对于肺癌的副作用还是非常的大的，而且在很多的时候因为化疗的效果对于患者的本身来讲也是一件非常不好的事情，它还是长期的对身体的伤害没有好转的话，那么身体会逐渐的出现内分泌功能逐渐变得紊乱</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">‘</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">食欲逐渐的下降，而且还有可能会导致自己有一定的生命危险</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">皮肤也是有可能会变得干燥、瘙痒等一些常见的症状的，出现呕吐、腹胀也是很有可能的。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　肺癌患者放疗后会出现哪些副作用</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">?</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">以上内容就是有关肺癌患者放疗后会出现哪些副作用的介绍，不知道大家是否明白呢</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">?</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">希望大家能够爱护自己的身体，任何疾病都是及早治疗效果好，病情严重时才进行治疗，效果会较差。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";line-height: 200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2030,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486725684033,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486725684031,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4656","isDel":0,"createAt":1486725648487,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"肺癌患者有哪些症状表现呢","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　现在人们的生活和工作压力非常大，导致了不少人出现了一些不良生活习惯，因此导致了疾病的出现，肺癌就是其中一种，这个病目前的发病率非常高，所以我们有必要了解一下肺癌到底有什么哪些症状表现？以下是相关的介绍。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　肺癌早期最常出现的症状有：</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">1</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、咳嗽，多为刺激性干咳，无痰或少量白黏痰，尤其对于</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">40</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">岁以上长期重度吸烟者如果出现无明显诱因的刺激性干咳持续</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">2-3</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">周，治疗无效，或原来有慢性呼吸道疾病，咳嗽性质改变者需提高警惕</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">2</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、咯血，多为血丝痰或痰中带血</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">3</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、肺癌早期常有轻度胸闷，如累及壁层胸膜或直接侵犯胸壁时，可以引起该部位持续性疼痛。需要强调的是肺癌早期无特异症状，凡是超过</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">2</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">周治疗不愈的呼吸道症状或原有症状加重，都要警惕是否有肺癌存在的可能。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　肺癌的典型症状</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">1</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、咳嗽，多为刺激性干咳，无痰或少量白黏痰</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">2</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、咯血，多为血丝痰或痰中带血</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">3</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、胸痛，肺癌如累及壁层胸膜或直接侵犯胸壁时，可以引起该部位持续性疼痛</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">4</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、发热，肺癌发热多为持续性低热，迁延反复</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">5</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、胸闷气短，肿瘤在气管内生长直接引起气管狭窄或压迫主支气管，肿瘤转移至胸膜，产生大量胸水时也会造成胸闷气短。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　晚期肺癌患者的症状</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">1</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、胸痛，大多数已发生胸内区域性播散的肺癌患者均有胸痛的症状。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">2</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、呼吸困难、气促，肿瘤压迫大气道或产生大量胸腔积液时，出现呼吸困难</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">3</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、面、颈部水肿，若肿瘤侵及纵隔右侧压迫上腔静脉，上腔静脉回流受阻，引起面颈部及上肢前胸淤血和静脉曲张</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">4</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、声音嘶哑，肿瘤直接侵犯喉返神经或转移至纵膈淋巴结从而压迫喉返神经，可导致声音嘶哑。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">5</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、体重下降，消瘦是晚期恶性肿瘤最常见的症状之一。晚期患者，由于肿瘤毒素及消耗，合并感染、疼痛等所致的食欲下降，可引起消瘦或恶病质</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">6</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">、肺癌远处转移引起的症状，如骨转移性疼痛，脑转移引起头痛、眩晕、一侧肢体无力等。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1779,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486725648491,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486725648487,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4012","isDel":0,"createAt":1486725576752,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"治疗肺癌主要的方法有几种","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　肺癌，是现在很常见的一种疾病，这种疾病在早期是不宜被发现的，往往在后期的时候大家才觉擦到，因此错过了及时的治疗时间，就会给我们的治疗增加了很大的难度，今天我们就来看一下肺癌有哪些好的治疗方法。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　化学药物治疗肺癌是最常见的一种治疗方法，这种治疗方法能在短时间内起到一定的作用。近年来，随着医学、药物学的发展和提高，在化学治疗肺癌方面也取得了巨大的进展。鉴于血脑屏障的特殊性，化学药物治疗肺癌有很大的局限性。因为药物很难通过血管内膜细胞而对癌变细胞产生作用，即使有少量药物通过脂溶性抵达肿瘤细胞，在作用效率方面也难以让人满意。可以说，都不太理想。但是，相比于从前而言，如今的化学治疗肺癌已经有了长足的发展和进步，这也是得益于临床医学的不断发展。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　放射线治疗肺癌现在经常被应用到临床上，受到了很多患者的认可。通常情况下，在手术之后两个星期左右，是进行放射治疗的最佳时机。它的原理主要是：因为肿瘤细胞对射线敏感，比较容易被杀死，用大量的放射线进行照射，就可以彻底消灭肿瘤细胞。但是，同时，也会不可避免地杀死一些正常细胞。放射治疗肺癌法的治疗肺癌时间通常为四个周到八个周，具体照射时间、照射位置、区域等情况应根据影像检查的结果而定。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　不管采用什么治疗方法，最好还是到医院来接受检查，得出实际结果之后，医生会安排你选择适合的治疗方法。对于那些良性的肿瘤，最适宜采用手术治疗的方法。如今采用手术治疗，成功率也很高。而且经手术疗法治愈的肺癌病例，反弹率相对比较低。但是需要注意的是，虽然反弹率低，也不排除特殊个例，因而患者需要定期进行复查，以防止出现病情复发。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　肺癌患者使用百合、山药性平的中药，可滋阴养阴，百合尤擅补肺，山药平补五脏，薏苡仁健脾化湿。由这些食材配成的百合薏仁山药汤适宜阴虚夹湿的肿瘤患者食用。又如，黄芪，性温味甘，入肺、脾二经</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">;</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">海参，性温味咸，补肾益精、养血润燥。由这两味煮成的黄芪海参汤适用于各种兼有气虚疲乏的肿瘤患者服用。再如，将马齿苋和荠菜二药合用做成汤，可增强荠菜凉血止血的功效，有益于肺癌便血治疗。另外，灵芝枸杞红枣汤可提高机体免疫功能，诱发体内干扰素产生，增强抗肺癌作用，可改善伴有体虚诸症的肺癌患者的病情。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1657","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1017","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1360,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486725576753,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486725576752,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3696","isDel":0,"createAt":1486725542779,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"哪些方法可以有效的预防肺癌","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">　　现在我们生活的环境也是受到了很多认为的伤害，由于空气当中的污染物较多，不免就会被我们吸入到肺部，这样就会给我们引发一些严重的肺病，那么我们摇怎么样才能有效的预防肺病的发生呢，很多的肺癌患者结果只会是无功而返，严重者还会对其他部位造成其它严重损害。生活中肺癌患者要正确的治疗</span> <span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">，治疗肺癌一定不能盲目，肺癌患者更不能急于求成，患上肺癌一定要听从专业人员的指导，以免走进肺癌的治疗误区而越治越重。预防肺癌有哪些方法：</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong><span style=\";line-height:200%;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">哪些方法可以有效的预防肺癌</span></strong></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">(</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">一</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">吸烟</span> <span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">根据各国的大量调查资料都说明肺癌的病因与吸纸烟关系极为密切。肺癌发病率的增长与纸烟销售量增多呈平行关系。纸烟中含有苯并芘等多种致癌物质。实验动物吸入纸烟烟雾或涂抹焦油可诱发呼吸道和皮肤癌肿。有吸烟习惯者肺癌发病率比不吸烟者高</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">10</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">倍，吸烟量大者发病率更高，比不吸烟者高</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">20</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">倍。本世纪末，西欧国家随着妇女吸烟者日益增多，女性病人肺癌的发病率也明显升高。临床确诊的肺癌病例中，每日吸纸烟</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">20</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">支以上，历时</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">30</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">年以上者，约占</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">80%</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">以上。近</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\"> 20</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">～</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">30</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">年，我国吸烟的情况非常严重，近</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">3</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">亿人口有吸烟习惯。京、津、沪等大城市男性成年人吸烟率近</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">50%</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">，女性近</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">5%</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">，青少年中吸烟者亦为数不少，如不采取必要措施，控制、劝阻吸烟，则今后</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">10</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">～</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">30</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">年我国肺癌发病率必将进一步增长。长期吸烟可引致支气管粘膜上皮细胞增生，磷状上皮生，诱发鳞状上皮癌或未分化小细胞癌。无吸烟嗜好者，虽然也可患肺癌，但腺癌较为常见。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">(</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">二</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">大气污染</span> <span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">工业发达国家肺癌的发病率高，城市比农村高，厂矿区比居住区高，主要原因是由于工业和交通发达地区，石油，煤和内燃机等燃烧后和沥青公路尘埃产生的含有苯并芘致癌烃等有害物质污染大气有关。调查材料说明大气中苯并芘浓度高的地区，肺癌的发病率也增高。大气污染与吸纸烟对肺癌的发病率可能互相促进，起协同作用。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">(</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">三</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">职业因素</span> <span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">本世纪</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">30</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">年代文献上就有欧洲</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">Schneeberg</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">矿区肺癌发病率高的报道。经过多年的调查研究，目前已公认长期接触铀、镭等放射性物质及其衍化物、致癌性碳氢化合物、砷、铬、镍、铜、锡、铁、煤焦油、沥青、石油、石棉、芥子气等物质，均可诱发肺癌，主要是鳞癌和未分化小细胞癌。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">(</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">四</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">肺部慢性疾病</span> <span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">如肺结核、矽肺、尘肺等可与肺癌并存。这些病例癌肿的发病率高于正常人。此外肺支气管慢性炎症以及肺纤维疤痕病变，在愈合过程中可能引起鳞状上皮化生或增生，在此基础上，部分病例可发展成为癌肿。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%\">　　<span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">(</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">五</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif\">)</span><span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">人体内在因素</span> <span style=\"line-height: 200%;font-family: 宋体\">如家族遗传，以及免疫机能降低，代谢活动、内分泌功能失调等也可能对肺癌的发病起一定的促进作用。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span 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