![\"透析病人的饮食注意事项\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503061193133.jpg\" "\\"透析病人的饮食注意事项\\"")
慢性肾功能衰竭。上述问题的主要原因是摄入的热卡大于需要。所以目前许多学者现在都认为：大部分的高血压、糖尿病是可以预防的，其中关键是合理的饮食。那么透析病人的饮食注意事项都有哪些呢？
透析病人的饮食的“食”包括两个方面的问题，吃多少和吃什么？
摄入大于需求，会导致高脂血症、动脉硬化及心脑血管病变；摄入小于需求，会导致营养不良、炎症和动脉硬化。营养不良是血透病人和腹透病人死亡的重要不良预后指标。透析病人吃多少，这个问题已经有了答案。
腹膜透析病人每周经腹透液吸收 500-2100 g糖，同时丢失80-100 g 氨基酸、 蛋白质，发生腹膜炎时，氨基酸和蛋白质的丢失量增加1倍。因此腹膜透析病人的营养特点为蛋白质营养不足，热卡摄入过多，高脂血症多见。目前推荐腹膜透析病人蛋白质摄入量为1.3 g/kg /天，其中至少50% 为优质蛋白；热卡摄入量：25kcal/kg/天。
血透病人每周经透析液丢失36-75 g糖，丢失33-45 g氨基酸、蛋白质，因此容易出现蛋白质-能量摄入均不足。目前推荐血透病人蛋白质摄入量：1.2 g/kg /天，其中至少50% 为优质蛋白；热卡摄入量：35 kcal/kg/天 （年龄<60岁）或30 kcal/kg /天（年龄>60岁）。
、在物质生活极度发达的今天，什么能吃，什么不能吃或少吃，都是非常讲究的。在全球，日本血透病人的存活率最高；在美国，亚裔血透病人的死亡率最低。日本人的饮食习惯与欧美不同，如鱼、大豆蛋白摄入较多，食物成分低脂、多膳食纤维，具有抗炎症和抗氧化作用。这些都值得借鉴。
鱼
鱼油中含有较多的ω-3脂肪酸，具有抗炎症作用和心血管保护作用。有研究发现，鱼油可以降低非肾脏病人的CRP 和IL-6 。研究还发现，长期食用鱼类的透析病人死亡率降低50 ％。
![\"透析病人的饮食注意事项\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503061063177.jpg\" "\\"透析病人的饮食注意事项\\"")
豆腐
大豆中含有丰富的植物雌激素，包括染料木黄酮和异黄酮苷。植物雌激素除了对激素依赖性肿瘤具有保护作用以外，还可以调节细胞的生长、增生，并通过阻断炎症基因的表达抑制炎症反应和氧化应激反应。
![\"透析病人的饮食注意事项\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503061465402.jpg\" "\\"透析病人的饮食注意事项\\"")
富含膳食纤维的食物
摄入膳食纤维多的病人血中的CRP水平较低，具有较强的抗炎和抗氧化作用。许多食物富含膳食纤维，如土豆、红薯、麦片等。此外，适量摄入水果、蔬菜、木耳、坚果类和瓜子，适量饮酒（每天一杯干红或啤酒），也具有抗氧化和抗炎作用，对心血管具有保护作用。
透析病人的饮食禁忌
透析病人最好不要食用煎、炒、烹、炸的食物、高胆固醇的食物（如蛋黄、鱼籽、虾头）。盐的摄入量一定要控制在6克以内，不能食用咸菜、炸酱、豆腐乳等，炒菜时少放盐或不放盐。
透析病人的饮食推荐案例： 60公斤的透析病人食谱（蛋白质摄入量为72-78克，热卡1800kcal/d）:牛奶500 ml，鸡蛋2个（去黄），肉3-4两（鱼、瘦肉猪肉），豆腐1-2两，谷类3-5两（适当补充富含膳食纤维的杂粮），蔬菜、水果500克。
","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1762,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1503060834547,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1503060834547,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5554","isDel":0,"createAt":1503059887841,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"尿毒症透析效果与高血压的相关性","content":"
尿毒症透析效果与高血压的相关性方面非常密切，对肾脏病晚期尿毒症患者而言，高血压患病率具有高、顽固、不易控制三个特点。
\n首先我们谈谈正常的血压特点。正常血压在120/80mmHg左右，脉压30～40mmHg。血压波动有昼夜节律，夜间血压最低，晨起活动后迅速上升，在上午6～10点和下午4～8点各有一高峰。影响血压波动的因素较多，如活动、饱食、情绪激动、精神紧张、寒冷、失眠、吸烟、饮酒和饮咖啡等都会影响血压的变化。高血压患者应当学会自己在家中监测血压，可以随时取得数值，这种检测结果更接近日常生活状态，结果更可靠。测血压的要求：1、安静休息5∽10分钟，坐/卧位；2、袖带须松紧合适，下缘距肘上1-2厘米，与心脏水平；3、放气速度缓慢均匀，声音刚出现时为收缩压（SBP）声音消失时为舒张压（DBP）
\n![\"尿毒症透析效果与高血压的相关性\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503060448502.jpeg\" "\\"尿毒症透析效果与高血压的相关性\\"")
尿毒症透析患者控制血压的意义是什么呢？高血压一般没有症状，但长期高血压可以造成心脏、脑血管、肾脏等内脏器官的损害，一旦出现难以逆转，所以医学界把高血压称为“沉默杀手”。高血压的危害非常多：增加脑出血风险，可造成中风, 痴呆；心脏损害突出，导致高血压性心脏病、心肌梗塞，心力衰竭等；与肾脏损害互为因果，高血压本身可导致肾功能不全；还可加速全身动脉粥样硬化的产生。研究结果表明：心血管的死亡率与血压水平成正比。合理降压可以减少严重并发症的发生；收缩压每降低10毫米汞柱，可减低56％的中风和37％的冠心病发生。
\n尿毒症透析患者血压控制在多少呢？目标血压应个体化，为其可耐受的最低血压，多要求控制在130-140/80-90mmHg左右。对于尿毒症透析的患者，高血压的治疗是一种综合治疗，需要终生治疗，其内容包括生活方式的改变与危险因素的控制、血液净化治疗、药物治疗、手术治疗等。尿毒症透析患者的生活方式改变也非常重要，是成功控制血压的基础和前提，重要程度已经远远超过药物治疗。因此应当重视生活保健。
\n尿毒症透析患者平时要保持乐观向上的生活态度和稳定的情绪；保持生活起居规律，睡眠充足；肥胖患者要注意控制体重；戒除烟酒等不良嗜好；坚持适量运动，按照循序渐进、持之以恒，量力而行的原则，可以参加慢跑、打太极拳等活动；另外，排便宜选坐位，要多吃粗粮及蔬菜，以防便秘。饮食以清淡为主，避免进食肥腻、刺激性、高胆固醇及腌制的食物，烹调方法应以蒸、滚、氽为主，避免煎炸，少肉多菜，肉类以瘦肉为主，去膏去皮，少盐、少糖、少油，多吃含维生素和纤维素丰富的蔬菜和水果。提高睡眠质量对血压控制也很有意义。可以中午小睡，使全身放松；晚餐宜少，清淡为主；睡前娱乐活动要有节制，不可计较输赢或过于认真激动，不宜长时间看电视；起床宜缓特别对于长期服用降压药的患者，应当缓缓起身，防止过急而晕倒。
\n对于少尿或无尿的透析患者，调整透析处方，合理控制体重对控制血压非常有帮助。这类患者的高血压多为容量依赖性，通过降低体重，可以控制50-80%的高血压。排除体内过多的水负荷，也是药物治疗的前提。但主要困难是：1、透析间期体重上升过多，进水过多达不到干体重，透析时患者难以耐受大剂量的超滤 ； 2、部分患者为保持残余尿量不愿多透。患者充分认识到高血压的危害，饮食上限制盐的摄入（2-3克/天），限制水摄入，尽量使每日体重上升不超过1公斤。过多的水分应当透析时尽量清除，因为残余尿量的保持是以增加心血管系统的负荷为代价的，应当主动配合医生评价并逐渐达到干体重。必要时可以请医生协助调整透析液钠浓度或改变透析剂量、模式。
\n当然药物治疗也非常重要，但是应当记住降压不能只靠吃药，药物治疗不是降压治疗的全部，健康生活方式应当贯彻一生。尿毒症透析的患者朋友应当注意几个用药的细节问题：
\n1、应当规律用药，坚持终身治疗；
\n2、尽量选用长效药物；
\n3、按照血压波动规律服药，降压药应该在高峰到来之前服用，即早起后和下午4-5点服药最好；
\n4、吃药别忘了测血压；
\n5、没有症状也要吃药，高血压治疗应依据病人的血压水平，而不是症状的有无或轻重。
\n几种常用药物的使用注意事项：洛汀新、蒙诺：有良好的心脏保护作用、降压平稳，部分患者可能造成血钾；洛活喜：长效药物，效果肯定，降压平稳，副作用小；缓释异博定：作用强大，长效，但有可能导致心动过缓、心衰，使用中应当监测脉搏；倍他乐克：虽然降压作用较弱，但有心脏保护作用，长期服用效果好，有可能降低心率，注意监测脉搏，不宜突然停药，否则心率加快；心痛定：短效药物、血压波动大，可以短期服用，不宜作为长期用药依赖；哌唑嗪：效果短暂，可能造成体位性低血压，在生活中体位变动应当注意，避免晕倒。
\n","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1730,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1503059887843,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1503059887843,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5553","isDel":0,"createAt":1503046598628,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"慢性肾病中的慢性移植肾肾病的治疗原则","content":"
慢性移植肾肾病是肾移植一年后导致移植肾失功的常见病因，目前发生机理尚未完全明确。
\n一、慢性移植肾肾病的诊断
\n临床表现大部分表现为移植肾功能缓慢下降，伴有进展性蛋白尿和高血压。并影响肾实质的所有成分，包括肾血管、肾小球、肾间质和肾小管。肾血管病变可见血管内膜增厚，内膜下结缔组织聚集，并可见单核细胞、肌纤维母细胞浸润、内膜弹力层分层和断裂。血管内皮的炎症损伤是慢性移植肾肾病的初始病变，由此导致内膜进展性增厚及管腔狭窄。免疫荧光可见IgG、C3和纤维蛋白原沉积，管周毛细血管染色C4d可阳性。肾小球病变包括肾小球基底膜增厚，偶见双轨形成类似于膜增殖性肾小球肾炎。其它肾小球病理改变还包括肾小球体积增大，可呈分叶状并可见节段性硬化，严重者可见球性硬化。电镜下可见系膜细胞插入及内皮下电子透亮物沉积，部分病例还可见类似膜性肾病的上皮下沉积。免疫复合物沉积不是移植肾肾小球病的主要表现。肾小管间质病变包括不同程度的间质纤维化、灶状淋巴细胞及浆细胞浸润，可见肾小管萎缩和小管上皮细胞脱落。这些病变为非特异性，除慢性移植肾肾病外还可见于其它疾病如CsA或FK506肾毒性，慢性移植肾肾病其它病理改变还有肾小管周边毛细血管基底膜断裂和分层。
\n![\"慢性肾病中的慢性移植肾肾病的治疗原则\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503047474510.jpg\" "\\"慢性肾病中的慢性移植肾肾病的治疗原则\\"")
二、慢性移植肾肾病的鉴别诊断
\n1．膜增殖性肾小球肾炎：膜增殖性肾小球肾炎型的移植肾肾小球病需与其他病理类型的肾小球疾病，特别是与丙型肝炎病毒感染有关的膜增殖性肾小球肾炎及复发性膜增殖性肾小球肾炎相鉴别。这些疾病光镜下表现相似，在电镜下移植肾肾小球病可见基底膜增厚和双轨征，但常无免疫复合物沉积；丙肝病毒有关的膜增殖性肾小球肾炎可见显著的内皮下免疫复合物沉积。由于移植肾肾小球病的患者也可能有丙肝病毒抗体阳性，因此只根据丙肝病毒抗体阳性不能区分移植肾肾小球病和丙肝相关性MPGN。
\n2．肾间质纤维化：某些免疫抑制剂中毒，如CsA或FK506肾毒性均可致肾间质纤维化，两者常需鉴别诊断。如组织学上有较特征的肾小球病变或肾小管周围毛细血管基底膜断裂及分层则有助于慢性移植肾肾病的诊断；而新形成的肾小动脉管壁玻璃样变则是CsA肾毒性的特征性改变。但慢性移植肾肾病的特征性病变并不常见，而移植肾肾小动脉病变也可能不是新形成的，因此光镜下两者很难鉴别，此外这两种病变也可同时存在。
\n三、慢性移植肾肾病的治疗
\n由于慢性移植肾肾病发生机制复杂，治疗存在一定难度。相应的的大规模、前瞻性、随机、对照研究还不多。只能针对影响慢性移植肾肾病的各个环节，包括免疫性和非免疫性方面予以治疗。
\n1．免疫抑制治疗：目前临床应用的免疫抑制剂对慢性移植肾肾病治疗作用并不明确，但如果慢性移植肾肾病的原因是由于患者使用免疫抑制剂顺应性较差或减量过快，则可加强免疫抑制治疗。部分患者肾活检发现在慢性移植肾肾病的基础上仍有活动性急性排异反应的证据，对该部分患者应用皮质激素冲击治疗可能有效。另一方面，由于CsA或FK506具有肾毒性，也可能参与慢性移植肾肾病过程，因此对于CsA或FK506肾毒性患者，减少这些药物，可能受到有益效果。初步的临床研究发现对无急性排异表现的患者，减少CsA或FK506剂量，同时加用霉酚酸酯（2－3g/d），可减慢这些患者肾功能下降的速度。但目前还缺乏相应的临床研究。
\n2．非免疫抑制治疗：非免疫抑制治疗包括积极控制血压及降血脂治疗。在各种原发性慢性肾小球肾炎中，血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）或血管紧张素II 受体拮抗剂(ARB)都能有效地降低全身及肾小球毛细血管压，减少尿蛋白的排泄。有临床研究发现ACEI 或ARB能够降低高血压肾移植患者的尿蛋白排泄率，同时不会对肾脏血液动力学带来不良影响，这种疗法对移植肾失功的长期作用有待进一步研究。
\nHMG－CoA还原酶抑制剂，如他汀类常用于降脂治疗，并可延缓移植物血管病变的进展。其它治疗手段包括抗血小板聚集药物、血栓素拮抗剂、鱼油及低蛋白饮食等，但是对慢性移植肾肾病的疗效还需要随机对照的临床试验来验证。
\n","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1849,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1503046598630,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1503046598630,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5552","isDel":0,"createAt":1503042077911,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使","content":"
在看了武侠小说萧峰喝了数十碗白酒还面不改色心不跳，我就想知道解酒的最快方法、还有民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱。在查阅相关医学文献后发现：从酒精的代谢过程来看，所谓“靠谱的”解酒途径主要分两种：一、延缓酒精在胃肠道的吸收，避免血中乙醇浓度的升高；二、解酒需要增加乙醇脱氢酶和乙醛脱氢酶的数量，或提高它们的活性。
\n![\"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503042765921.jpg\" "\\"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使\\"")
上文中的第一点，非常容易做到的：饮酒前垫些食物，能够减缓饮酒的速度，并能稍微减少酒精的吸收，延长酒精代谢时间；在饮酒过程中注意多喝水，让酒精通过尿液排出，补充水分和矿物质。俄罗斯人一般主张在喝伏特加的时候吃些油炸土豆，还是有一定道理的。
\n![\"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503042243654.jpg\" "\\"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使\\"")
关于第二点，市面的 “解酒药”基本没有任何作用。乙醇脱氢酶和乙醛脱氢酶的数量和活性是遗传决定的，外源无法补充，并且这些酶类都是一些蛋白质，通过口服，胃酸就让这些药物失去活性。“解酒药”让人感到清醒、觉得舒服，主要是因为其中含有利尿、止痛和兴奋的成分，可以缓解头痛、恶心症状，但它们无从真正“解酒”，反而让肝脏在代谢酒精的同时，来对付这些外来药物，到头来加重肝脏的负担。
\n民间的“酒席宝典”：
\n![\"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503042854496.jpg\" "\\"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使\\"")
碳酸饮料如雪碧：透明的雪碧兑进白酒，是酒桌上常用的“障眼术”。但是，碳酸饮料富含二氧化碳气体，使胃容积膨胀，增加酒精吸收的面积；并且二氧化碳还能促进酒精进入空肠的速度，增加酒精吸收，所以用碳酸饮料兑酒会使人更易醉酒。
\n蜂蜜水：研究提示蜂蜜水中的果糖能使机体摄入的酒精在更短时间内消失，但进一步的研究发现，果糖仅仅是提高了乙醇脱氢酶的效率，而乙醇的产物——对身体危害更大的乙醛——没有丝毫影响。
\n非甾体抗炎药如阿司匹林：可以缓解饮酒后的头痛，但对酒精代谢并无任何作用，并且它们和酒精同时摄入，会增加胃出血和肝损伤的风险。
\n中草药如葛根汤：葛根是传统医学里提到的解酒良方，部分市面“解酒药”的成分里就含有葛根，但有研究表明，葛根是乙醛脱氢酶2的抑制剂，在大量饮酒后饮用葛根，反而可能增加乙醛相关肿瘤的风险。
\n如此看来，酒桌之上，如果没有萧峰的体，又没有段誉的命，还是少饮为妙。找良医网友情提示：饮酒伤身，解酒无方。
\n","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1686,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1503042077913,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1503042077913,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4966","isDel":0,"createAt":1496981114219,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"77岁老汉绑妻求医 我又相信爱情,得如此夫，夫复何求！ ","content":"
![\"77岁老汉绑妻求医](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496981600471.jpg\" "\\"77岁老汉绑妻求医")
武汉77岁的刘登炎老伴吴奶奶在十多年前查出患有糖尿病，至2010年又被确诊了肾衰竭，随时都有生命危险。刘登炎老人需要从村里骑车到达镇上，再转乘两趟公交到汉阳医院做透析，整个路程至少需要两个小时。这样的求医路，每周三次，老人一坚持就是七年，不离不弃，风雨无阻，行程至少六万公里。在社会上引起了广泛关注。
\n![\"77岁老汉绑妻求医](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496981651280.jpg\" "\\"77岁老汉绑妻求医")
刘登炎老人带着老伴求医，引起不少网友的关注：为何不在蔡甸区附近的医院治疗，而是要舍近求远呢？刘登炎老人解释说，从镇上到蔡甸区医院需要与人拼车，一个人要5.5元，两个人来回就得22元，如果坐公交去汉阳医院的话，虽然远了一点，但是两人都有老年证，车费可以省下来买午饭。
\n![\"77岁老汉绑妻求医](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496981485294.jpg\" "\\"77岁老汉绑妻求医")
关于此事，且看网友是如何评论的：
\n情话百阙：嫁给了真正的爱情
\n怀浅：没有人知道家里有人得尿毒症的那种苦 请不要为了抢热门各种无关痛痒的评论 真正应该反省的关于高额透析费用报销问题
\n作者TT国产大熊猫：没有山盟海誓，他们用行动告诉了大家。什么是爱情。
\n雅格生活家：无论生老病死，富贵贫穷，你都愿意和她永远在一起吗？是的，我愿意
\n华君summer：这就是爱！不离不弃，生死相依！希望老人家早日康复。中国好老伴 无论美丑贫富 真要过日子 必须找一个心心相印的人共度余生
\n","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1750,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1496981114220,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1496981114220,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4910","isDel":0,"createAt":1496559645506,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭 运动过度危害大","content":"
“五一”小长假前一天，20岁的金慈5点半下班后去健身房锻炼。她每天一两个小时的锻炼已持续一个多月，之前也会在家跳跳操、跑跑步。
\n![\"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496560537881.jpg\" "\\"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭")
“想到第二天放假，反正也没有事。”于是，没有吃晚饭的金慈刚到健身房，没有热身，就直接上了动感单车，卖力地骑了一个多小时。之后，她跳了一会儿操，就在跑步机上跑了一个小时，另外加上有氧运动，直到晚上10点，锻炼了4小时，累得不行的她这才停下。“健身房里人很多嘛，气氛也超级好，一下子就嗨了。”恰好这天，金慈忘了带水杯，喝水不方便，挥汗如雨的她也没顾上喝水。![\"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496560055588.jpg\" "\\"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭")
第二天早晨起床，金慈浑身肌肉酸痛得厉害，觉得自己双腿有些肿，“不像那种按下去有个坑的肿，而是肿胀处很硬。”第三天，金慈开始恶心、呕吐、吃不下饭，喝了很多水，但小解的次数极少，尿液颜色也很深。
\n金慈以为自己胃病犯了去了医院，医生做肾功能检查时发现，她的肌酐值已经飙升到1100个单位值，“高于700多，就符合尿毒症的症状了。”成都医学院第一附属医院肾病科医生臧丽解释说。
\n大量补充液体，第一时间做了血液透析和血液滤过。幸运的是，金慈的急性肾衰竭症状得到了缓解，肝脏功能得以恢复。住院3周后，金慈肌酐值正常后出院。“被堵塞的肾小管重新恢复需要3周时间。”该院肾病科副主任医师汪力介绍，要是患者再拖下去，肾脏发生不可逆的损伤，即使脱离了生命危险，也极有可能转化成慢性肾衰竭
\n![\"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496560327504.jpg\" "\\"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭")
关于过度运动有损健康这一问题，看看网友是如果评论的吧：
\n山人：我靠，运动过量会出人命吗，那我只走路了
\n风中浪子：还不如在床上锻炼，没生命危险，唉......
\n久伴不离：去年261个下蹲遭过的飘过。后遗症严重，运动需慎重
\n绿洲：没带水杯就不喝水？不知道健身房买水喝？每个健身房都有卖水的吧！自作自受！
\n","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1552,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1496559645507,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1496559645507,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3973","isDel":0,"createAt":1486782265847,"createBy":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"茉莉花","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"取结石，治囊肿","content":"
双肾0.3cm结石，右肾1cm囊肿,今年参军 体检过不了，只希望取出结石，去除囊肿
","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1637,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486782265849,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486782265847,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486168781822,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"茉莉花","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"茉莉花","realName":null,"signName":"随遇而安","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486169681471.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140500","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3680","isDel":0,"createAt":1486782234435,"createBy":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"茉莉花","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"胎儿先天肾囊肿","content":"女,。肚中胎儿现9个月（34周），于32周时B超查出有2.9*2.4cm囊肿，位于左肾下方，是否为肾囊肿，本地医院无法确诊。怎么办啊
","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1175,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486782234437,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486782234435,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486168781822,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"茉莉花","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"茉莉花","realName":null,"signName":"随遇而安","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486169681471.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140500","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3893","isDel":0,"createAt":1486776244758,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"药物性肾损伤导致的肾衰竭","content":"女,57岁。患肾病十年，08年肌酐130当时诊断是因为药物性肾损伤，在中日友好医院做了肾穿，病理结果记不太清只是说肾小管间质性病变。每年肌酐都在逐步上升，现在的指标给您传过去，本地医院建议透析治疗，我们很没有方向，不知这种情况应该怎么办？
","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1940,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486776244760,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486776244758,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1485245349701,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"期缘","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"qiyuan99","realName":null,"signName":"早日相逢","head":"/zly-web/resources/images/qq/4.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"jzh@zhao01.com","address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3524","isDel":0,"createAt":1486776202960,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"慢性肾病肾功能衰竭子宫肌瘤子宫囊肿，希望可以动手术把子宫切除，以后不再来月经","content":"子宫肌瘤，月经都来十天左右，每次都是大血块，很多血，现在缺血严重，上个月身体里的血还不到正常人的一半，缺血特别的严重，在医院输过血，出院后在家休息，结果这个月又开始流血，又开始缺血，子宫肌瘤内的肌瘤大小五点几，因为有慢性肾病肾功能衰竭，所以医生说动手术有风险，需要去大一些的医院。希望可以动手术把子宫切除，以后不再来月经。
","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1636,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486776202961,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486776202960,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1485245349701,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"期缘","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"qiyuan99","realName":null,"signName":"早日相逢","head":"/zly-web/resources/images/qq/4.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"jzh@zhao01.com","address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2604","isDel":0,"createAt":1486745174030,"createBy":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","createName":"海总剑客","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","title":"肾小管损伤和肾感染","content":"女,35岁。半年前吃有毒性中药导致肝肾损伤，引起过敏反应，ige高，肾小管损伤。之后三个月又肾感染肾盂肾炎三个月前刚感染是右肾增大，现在两个肾都增大了。,现在上眼皮有点肿了。
三个月前肾活检感染了很多耐药菌。
烦死了
女,36岁。06年在解放军301医院确诊为系统性红斑狼疮，肾活检狼疮性肾炎IV，08年和11年复发两次住院。06-08年强的松和骁悉维持治疗，后因反复感染带状疱疹停用骁悉改为ctx静滴，用药两年后，改为每日强的松+纷乐维持至今。11年后由于国外工作当地的医生交流有限和看病的繁琐复杂一直没有复查，只是每年回国化验一次重要指标，14年发现尿酸偏高，肌酐升高肾功能开始下降，医生开了苯溴马龙和碳酸氢钠用药两年无缓解，期间痛风反复发作，关节疼痛以为是狼疮活动，没有规范治疗和重视高尿酸症状，去年开始大量小颗粒的痛风石出现在手上，关节有点变形，时常疼痛，而且手已经不能弯曲自由活动，有时疼痛起来浑身没有力气发烧昏迷，不能行走也无法工作，严重影响了我的生活。想起这些年一直在吃降压药和利尿剂，没有复查及时调整用药，是痛风石形成的主要原因，悔之莫及！年前检查尿酸560，肌酐150，无蛋白尿补体正常，请问刘教授如何在不诱发狼疮活动、肾功能不会进一步恶化的前提下更好的降尿酸溶解痛风石？肾功能恶化是否和高尿酸有关系？我这种情况痛风石比较多会不会已经沉积在肾脏？
","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1263,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486745124663,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486745124661,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1479808372065,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"海总剑客","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"洞医客服微信2276635444","realName":null,"signName":"洞医网提醒您：请仔细阅读产品说明书或者在医务人员的指导下购买和使用，禁忌内容或者注意事项详见说明书","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"756954943@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4092","isDel":0,"createAt":1486740617156,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"多囊肾尿毒症的治疗建议","content":"2015年8月份受惊吓血压升高昏迷，后身体逐渐虚弱，2016年4月份诊断为肾结石及甲亢，后甲亢治愈。9月份诊断为多囊肾，肌酐600多，血压偶有身高，最高纪录为160。现在肌酐升至786，尿酸551。左足肿痛，后吃秋水仙碱及小苏打渐渐好转
病人对透析有抗拒心理，想通过中药治疗。请问是否应该做透析？有无其他治疗办法？透析后有无好转后不再透析的可能？谢谢！
,69岁。我奶奶一直肾衰竭，最近查出尿毒症.还没开始做血透，看到有中医的云火火肾，想了解一下.我奶奶是否可以接受这个治疗
想了解一下云火活肾治疗尿毒症，尚未做血透
","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1531,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486740570084,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486740570076,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2188","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646768805,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"慢性肾功能衰竭康复期的饮食注意事项","content":"慢性肾功能衰竭康复期的饮食疗法！慢性肾衰竭常常被大众认为就是尿毒症，其实肾功能衰竭并不等于尿毒症，肾功能衰竭期的患者，根据肌酐等检查指标和自身的症状表现等，可以诊断病情处于什么阶段和肾脏损害程度，经过规范的治疗可以阻止血肌酐持续升高，阻断病情发展到尿毒症。实现良性带病生存。
\nl、保证热量的需求：这是饮食治疗的前提，因为热量摄入不足可引起蛋白质合成减少和肌蛋白分解增加。热量摄入量一般应为每日125.5—146.4kl/kg.氮(克);热量(焦)摄入比应为1：250—400;碳水化合物应占热量摄入的70%左右;脂肪摄入应避免胆固醇含量高的食物，不饱合脂肪酸：饱和脂肪≥1—2。对进食量减少的患者，可适当增加植物油，非糖尿病患者可适当增加糖的摄入以满足热量的需求。
\n2、优质蛋白质饮食：益于降低血尿毒氮，减轻慢性肾功能衰竭ZDSEWFRF4T44R4症状;并能减轻肾小球的高滤过和肾小管的高代谢而延缓肾功能恶化的进程;此外限制蛋白质摄入的同时也限制了磷的摄取，有助于减轻继发性甲状腺功能亢进症的程度。蛋白质限制的量根据患者的肾功能有所区别。
\n(1)低蛋白质饮食应用需符合下列条件：①降低氮质摄入的同时，必须能免维持氮的平衡;②摄入的饮食中有足够的必需氨基酸，其中高生物价蛋白质应占大部分65%一75%;③含足够热量;④可口可用⑤当无法保证摄取足够热量，或有严重蛋白尿时，不宜采用LPD.
\n(2)低蛋白质饮食应用需注意以下内容：①LPD的应用宜在慢性肾功能不全代偿期(第一期)开始。②不应片面追求血BUN下降.对慢性肾功能衰竭患者来说，过低的BUN和Scr水平，则可能预示预后不良和死亡率增高。③应该看到低蛋白质饮食对透析前期患者的不利影响.一些学者观察到透析前低蛋白质饮食将加重透析时营养不良，增加对感染的易感性。④慢性肾功能衰竭患者食欲减退和肾功能减退程度呈正比，如不适当低蛋白质饮食，则更加营养不良。⑤在蛋白质饮食中，为避免高磷不宜食用蛋黄，肉、鱼等宜水煮后弃水食用。⑥患者对低蛋白质饮食的顺应性较差。
\n3、低蛋白加麦淀饮食：麦淀粉是面粉抽去蛋白质后的制品，每100克麦淀粉含蛋白质仅O.25一O.6g(以上海淀粉一厂生产的白鹤牌蛋白质含量最低，仅O.25%)，比大米的2.6%、面粉的9.9%要低得多，但却提供1464.4kJ的热能。此外，土豆、白薯、藕粉、地力、芬丝等均为低蛋白类食品，但以麦淀粉的蛋白含量最低，由于口味差，需在烹调中进行调整。
\n4、低蛋白加必需氨基酸(EAA)，如肾安干糖浆：慢性肾功能衰竭患者体内氨基酸代谢紊乱，表现为EAA水平下降而非必需氨基酸常过剩。由于饮食中的蛋白质含EAA不可能>50%，故需补充EAA。适用于：①无明显并发症的CRF患者;②低频度血透患者;③维持性血透伴营养不良者。
\n5、低蛋白加α一酮酸(KAA)，如开同(肾灵)：α一酮酸是氨基酸的前体，在体内可以转变为氨基酸，故有益于改善慢性肾功能衰竭患者的营养不良，酮酸本身不含氮，不会引起体内氮代谢产物的增多;而且：①对PTH有一定抑制作用，有助于肾性骨病治疗;②能恢复尿毒症时红细胞表面一些酶的活性，有益于延长红细胞的寿命;③能改善尿毒症病人的酸中毒。
\n慢性肾功能衰竭康复期的饮食疗法！相信大家对肾病的症状都有一定的了解，当然，知识了解还是不足够的，我们要运用到自己的身上。祝您早日康复哦！
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肾衰竭有急性与慢性之分，急性肾衰竭发病突然，可在数天、数周或数月间，肾功能迅速衰竭，并引发其他并发症；慢性肾衰竭是指肾功能慢性衰竭的症状。
\n慢性肾衰竭的致病元凶是谁？
\n1、肾脏疾病：是导致尿毒症发生的最直接和最主要的原因。各类肾病，如没有有效控制病情，最终结局都将是发生尿毒症，如肾小球肾炎、肾病综合征、肾结石、尿路梗阻、肾血管疾病、遗传性肾病、肾肿瘤等。
\n2、其他伴随疾病：如糖尿病、高血压、红斑狼疮、过敏性紫癜等，随着病程迁延均可发生肾损害，进一步就可恶化为尿毒症。其中，糖尿病肾病和高血压肾病是最常见和最严重的继发性肾病类型，是此类因素导致慢性肾衰竭发生的主要原因。
\n3、药物损伤肾脏而导致尿毒症发生：抗生素、部分抗炎药、医用造影剂、抗肿瘤药物以及部分中药等均属于肾毒性药物，容易对肾脏造成损伤，由此引发尿毒症形成。
\n慢性肾功能衰竭的症状
\n（1）低钠血症：慢性肾衰患者对钠的调节功能差。由于肾小管吸收钠的功能减退，加之一些其他因素，如常服利尿剂、腹泻、长期进食无盐饮食等，易产生低钠血症。由于钠和水的丢失，引起血容量减少。失钠导致肾功能迅速变坏，故低钠常可使一个原来病情比较稳定的患者出现尿毒症状。
\n（2）低钙和高磷：由于患者尿碗排出减少，血磷升高。肾衰退时1，25（OH）2D3生成减少加之厌食等原因，肠道吸收钙减少，血钙降低。高血磷、低血钙刺激甲状旁腺素，可致继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进。肾衰时，高血磷要抑制肾不管细胞合成有活性的维生素D-1，25（OH）2D3而导致钙盐沉着障碍，引起肾性骨病。
\n（3）低钾血症和高钾血症：由于厌食、呕吐、腹泻及利尿剂的使用，可致低钾血症。慢性肾功能衰竭的症状有哪些？其临床表现是：四肢无力、腹胀、心律失常和腱反射迟钝等。当尿毒症患者并发感染、酸中毒或长期服保钾利尿剂、输含钾多的库存血、或严重少尿时均可致高钾血症。
\n（4）代谢性酸中毒：酸中毒是慢性肾衰患者的常风症状。由于肾小管生成氨、排泌氢离子及重吸收重碳酸盐的能力降低，加之腹泻失碱等因素，几乎所有的尿毒症患者都有轻重不同的代谢性酸中毒。轻度代谢性酸中毒一般无明显症状。当CO2-CP<13mmol/L时，才会出现明显症状，如呼吸深大而长、食欲不振、恶心、呕吐、疲乏、头痛、躁动不安，严重者可发生昏迷。
\n慢性肾衰竭的护理有哪些
\n①保持良好的心情
\n不要有过大的心理压力，压力过重会导致酸性物质的沉积，影响代谢的正常进行。适当的调节心情和自身压力可以保持弱碱性体质，从而预防慢性肾衰竭的发生。
\n②生活要规律
\n慢性肾衰竭的护理有哪些？生活习惯不规律的人，如彻夜唱卡拉OK、打麻将、夜不归宿等生活无规律，都会加重体质酸化。容易患糖尿病。应当养成良好的生活习惯，从而保持弱碱性体质，使肾病远离自己。
\n③控制饮食结构
\n避免酸性物质摄入过量，加剧酸性体质。慢性肾衰竭饮食禁忌？饮食的酸碱平衡对于糖尿病的治疗及并发症的防治是非常重要的一个环节。饮食方面要多吃富含植物有机活性碱的食品，少吃肉类，多吃蔬菜。恰玛古富含植物有机活性碱，能迅速排除体内酸毒，澄清尿液酸毒，从而真正的保护肾脏。不要食用被污染的食物，如被污染的水，农作物，家禽鱼蛋等，要吃一些绿色有机食品，要防止病从口入。远离烟、酒。烟、酒都是典型的酸性食品，毫无节制的抽烟喝酒，极易导致人体的酸化，使得肾病有机可乘。
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肾病综合症的发病率很高，这个病可以发生在任何年龄的人身上，所以导致不少人担心自己会得这个病，为了我们的健康，我们一定要了解这种疾病，在生活中多加预防，保障我们的身体健康，接下来就请专家给我们讲讲，肾病综合症的预防措施有哪些。
\n1、一般措施：尿少而肿甚者，应卧床休息，注意保暖。卧床可增加肾血流量，有利于利尿，并减少对外界接触的机会以防交叉感染。但仍应保持适度床上及床旁活动，以防肢体血管的血栓形成。水肿消退、症状缓解后可逐步增加活动，可户外活动至轻度劳动。如果出现活动后尿蛋白增加则应酌情减少活动。
\n2、饮食调护：中医治疗，十分强调饮食宜忌，孙思邈在《千金要方》中明确指出：“大凡水肿难治，瘥后特须慎于口味”，“莫恣意咸物”。历代又不断给予补充，择其要点，可概括为盐、水、油腻厚味以及借助食物补益精血四方面。亦就是现代所提出的水和钠盐、蛋白质、脂肪以及微量元素等适当摄较低的蛋白摄入可以纠正肾小球毛细血管的高压状态。因此，对于慢性、非极期的肾病综合征应摄入较少量、高质量蛋白0.7-1G/KG.D。若出现慢性肾功能损害时，则应按照低蛋白饮食(0.65G/KG.D)。
\n3、脂肪摄入：肾病综合征患者应限制动物脂肪的摄取量，特别是富含胆固醇的食品如动物内脏，各类蛋黄等，可给予蔬菜豆类饮食和可溶性纤维(燕麦、米糠等)。富含多不饱和脂肪酸量食物，如：鱼油，可以补偿花生四烯酸的消耗，进入细胞膜磷脂，生成前列腺素类物质，降低血脂和尿蛋白，有利于减轻肾小球硬化程度。
\n4、微量元素的补充：由尿中丢失的铜、锌、铁等元素，可由正常饮食中补充。合理摄入补益精血的食物，不仅能够补充缺失的维生素和微量元素，而且还对水肿期及恢复期尤为重要，如鱼、鲜果、蔬菜、瓜果类等。其中鲫鱼健脾、黑鱼祛风、鲤鱼行水，均对水肿病有益。但有牙痛、红肿疮痍者或肠道湿滞者均不宜食用鲫鱼或鲤鱼。
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肾病综合征是小儿常见肾脏疾病，以大量蛋白尿、低白蛋白血症、高脂血症和水肿为主要临床特点，家属在护理患儿时应注意以下问题。
\n一、为患儿制定合理健康的饮食计划
\n家属要为患者制定合理健康的饮食计划。在饮食的控制上，每天要保证0.8～1.0g/kg的蛋白质摄入量，蛋白质的摄入以食用大豆或动物蛋白为宜。每天摄入的热量应大于126kJ/kg。如果水肿严重，饮食要保持较低的盐分，待患儿消除水肿、尿量正常之后再恢复用盐量。同时，要保证各种维生素和微量元素的充足摄入。
\n二、预防患者发生感染
\n预防感染对于肾病患儿非常重要，因为患肾病的儿童免疫力低下，容易激发感染，威胁患儿的生命。要加强对口腔、皮肤的护理，每天进行2～3次的苏打水漱口，用甲紫和碘伏等对破损的皮肤进行消毒。在治疗和护理的每一个步骤中，都要坚持无菌操作。
\n三、与患儿多沟通
\n家属要按照出院医嘱，加强与孩子的沟通与交流。患儿由于长期患病治疗，容易产生焦虑压抑等心理问题，对于孩子出现的这些负面情绪，家长要及时进行指导，帮助孩子增加对抗病魔的决心和信心。家长要帮助患儿长期地、正确地坚持治疗。家长要帮助孩子进行适当的体育锻炼，保持孩子的体力，增强体质。
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IgA肾病对于我们来说影响非常大，所以大家一定要重视这个病，做好相关的护理工作，这种疾病的出现，对患者的生活不是很大。大家需要关注这种疾病的发展，了解合理的饮食事项，有效地进行保健，避免带来更多危害，患者要注意蛋白质的摄入能量的供给。大家应该注意一些饮食事项，那么，IgA肾病患者的饮食注意事项都有哪些呢？
\nIgA肾病饮食注意事项都有哪些?
\n1、蛋白质的供给：IgAIgA肾病的饮食应根据肾功能损害的程度来确定蛋白质的摄人量。如果病程长、肾功损害不严重者，食物中的蛋白质则不必严格限制。
\n2、能量的供给：由于部分病人限制了蛋白质，其热能的供给要以碳水化合物和脂肪作为主要来源，能量供给视劳动强度而定，并要满足病人活动的需要。
\n3、控制钠盐的摄入：应视患者有无高血压及浮肿情况，分别给予少盐、无盐饮食。严重水肿及高血压时，钠盐的量要控制在一定的范围之内，甚至给予无盐饮食，一般以低盐为宜。同时还要禁食其他咸味食品及食糖类饮料和刺激性食品。
\n4、限制钾的摄入：如果IgA患者出现少尿(每天尿量少于1000毫升)，那么含钾高的食物如海带、紫菜、动物内脏、香蕉、柑橘、土豆、西红柿、南瓜、茶叶、酱油、味精等需要限制。
\n5、水分的摄入：IgAIgA肾病病人应多饮水或饮料。如果没有特殊情况，如病情特别医生嘱咐不让多喝水等，多饮水就是IgAIgA肾病饮食护理中的重要方面，家属也可以督促患者多喝水。当IgAIgA肾病进一步发展为肾功能不全、尿毒症时，除严格限制蛋白质外，还应严格限制水分的摄入。
\n6、补充维生素：任何IgA患者在日常饮食中都要给予充足的维生素，尤其要补充维生素C，因为长期IgA肾炎的患者可有贫血，补充维生素C能增加铁的吸收，同时应多补充富含维生素B和叶酸的食物，以纠正贫血。
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很多患者就是因为不知道该如何去做，所以才会导致病情反反复复，给自身造成造成了更加严重的伤害。那么，IgA肾病患者怎么护理?接下来，就由专家来给大家介绍一些日常生活中IgA肾病患者怎么护理，希望患者们都能够认真的对待，并且能够有所行动起来。
\n一、从IgA肾病患者的饮食上说起。由于IgA肾病患者的肾脏功能受到了损害，在人体中工作能力受到影响，所以IgA肾病患者要多从饮食中的蛋白质含量、盐分含量、钾和磷含量等入手。少吃一些蛋白质偏高的食物，这是为了减少蛋白尿；少吃含盐量比较高的食物，这是为了减轻水肿；少吃钾和磷含量高的食物，是为了避免引起心衰发生等，但是少吃不代表不吃，患者可以根据医生嘱咐选取一些含优蛋白质的食物。盐的量、钾和磷的食物也要听从医生安排。
\n二、患者要有充足的休息。由于患者的体质比较弱，因此在生活中要保障有充足的休息时间，这样有利于病人的恢复。睡眠环境尽量要安静。可以适当的进行工作，但是不能从事重体力劳动。
\n三、保持一定的运动量和饮水量。如果患者病情比较稳定，可以进行适当的运动锻炼，但是不能太劳累。平时要有稳定的饮水量（由医生根据情况来定），不憋尿。
\n四、注意治疗一些基础疾病。例如：感冒、尿路感染、呼吸道疾病、泌尿系统疾病。
\n五、用药要合理，不要吃一些含有肾毒性的药物。要在医生的指导下服用相关药物。
\n六、定期检查，这样可以及时的了解IgA肾病的病况，首先时间进行相关治疗。
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日常生活当中会有较多的原因引发肾结石的出现，发病后就会危害患者的肾脏健康，同时带给他们相当多的痛苦，大家必须要将肾结石引起高度的重视，而且相关的护理工作必须要加强起来，带朋友们了解一下此病的护理方法有哪些呢。
\n肾结石的护理：
\n1、多喝水。预防肾结石，第一步是多喝水(也可能只需要这一步)。240毫升的杯子，每天至少喝六到八杯。尽管喝水一直是不错的选择，但其他无咖啡因、无酒精的饮料也不错(如果尿液中草酸盐浓度过高，医生会提醒您不要喝太多去咖啡因茶)。每天喝大量的水是预防肾结石症状最好的方法之一，每天至少六到八杯。
\n2、多吃奶制品。大多数肾结石(大约90%)的成分为钙和草酸盐。由于奶制品中富含钙质，医生过去曾建议所有肾结石患者少吃这类食品。但最近的研究显示，食用奶制品实际上可以降低患肾结石的风险，因为其中的钙质可以帮助机体清除其他容易形成结石的物质。但是，医生可能会建议您不要吃钙质补充药物。如果您患有肾结石，请咨询医生，肾结石的饮食中含有多少钙质是安全的。
\n3、多摄入维生素a。维生素a对维护尿路整体健康是必需的。富含维生素a的食物包括：红薯、南瓜、笋瓜、椰菜，以及胡萝卜。健康成年人维生素a的建议每日供给量(rda)为5000国际单位，平衡的多样化饮食可轻松满足这一要求。您不要急于服用维生素a补充药物，如果摄入过多维生素a，机体无法将其排出，会积累产生毒性。增加维生素b的摄入量。科学家发现，维生素b6可降低血液中草酸盐的含量，从而预防肾结石的形成。镁似乎也可以预防结石。医生可能会建议每日补充维生素b6或镁(或两者的混合制剂)。补充维生素b6时，每天不要超过25毫克。
\n当我们了解上述的介绍之后，大家清楚的认识到了肾结石的主要护理方法有哪些了，肾结石会影响较多的朋友，因此会严重的伤害患者肾脏的健康，各位朋友应当提防肾结石的出现，对于患者的护理工作也应当加强起来才可以。
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肾结石虽然是一种良性疾病，但有时候可能堵塞尿路阻碍尿液的排出，造成疼痛、肾积水，严重的可能造成尿毒症甚至肿瘤。那么，肾结石是怎么形成的呢？下面就让小编来介绍一下吧。
\n肾结石是怎么形成的？
\n一、糖分过高。糖是人体的重要养分，也是人们主要能源物质要经常适量增补，但一下子增加太多，尤其是乳糖，也会使结石形成创造条件。专家们发现：不论正常人或结石病人，在食用100克蔗糖后，过2小时去检查他们的尿，发现尿中的钙和草酸浓度均上升，若是服用乳糖，它更能促进钙的吸收，更可能导致草酸钙在体内的积存而形成尿结石。
\n二、草酸积存过多。体内摄入太多的草酸盐是导致肾结石的常见原因。菠菜、豆类、葡萄、可可、茶叶、桔子、番茄、土豆、李子、竹笋等这些人们普遍爱吃的东西，正是含草酸较高的食物。医生通过研究发现：200克菠菜中，含草酸725.6毫克，如果一人一次将200克菠菜全部吃掉，食后8小时，检查尿中草酸排泄量为20-25毫克，相当于正常人24小时排出的草酸平均总量。
\n三、嘌呤代谢失常。如果体内摄入嘌呤，进行新陈代谢，它代谢的最终产物是尿酸。尿酸可促使尿中草酸盐沉淀，如果太多，那会导致嘌呤的代谢又失常，草酸盐便在尿中沉积而形成尿结石。动物内脏、海产食品、花生、豆角、菠菜等，均含有较多的嘌呤成分。
\n四、脂肪摄取太多。如果控制各种动物的肉类，尤其是肥猪肉，都是脂肪多的食品的摄入。因为多吃了体内脂肪必然增高，脂肪会减少肠道中可结合的钙，因而引起对草酸盐的吸收增多，如果一旦出现排泄功能故障，如出汗多、喝水少，尿量少，肾结石很可能就在这种情况下形成。
\n五、蛋白质过量。经过调查研究发现，肾结石的中的草酸钙的成为占87.5%。这么大比重的草酸钙的来源就是因为蛋白质里除含有草酸的原料——甘氨酸、羟脯氨酸之外，蛋白质还能促进肠道功能对钙的吸收。如果经常过量食用高蛋白质的食物，便使肾脏和尿中的钙、草酸、尿酸的成分普遍增高。如果不能及时有效地通过肾脏功能把多余的钙、草酸、尿酸排出体外，这样，得肾脏结石、输尿管结石症的条件就形成了。
\n患有肾结石应该吃什么？
\n1、勿吃富含草酸盐的食物：大约60%的结石属于草酸钙结石。因此，应限量摄取富含草酸的食物，包括豆类、甜菜、芹菜、巧克力、葡萄、青椒、香菜、菠菜、草莓及甘蓝菜科的蔬菜。也避免酒精、咖啡因、茶、巧克力、无花果干、羊肉、核果、青椒、红茶、罂粟子等。
\n2、吃富含维生素A的食物：维生素A是维持尿道内膜健康所必要的物质，它也有助于阻碍结石复发。健康的成年人，一天需摄取5，O00单位（Iu）的维生素A。一杯胡萝卜便能提供10，055Iu的维生素A。其他富含维生素A的食物尚有绿花椰菜、杏果、香瓜、南瓜、牛肝。（维生素A在高剂量时有毒。故欲补充维生素A之前，应先经由医师同意。）
\n3、注意蛋白质的摄取：肾结石与蛋白质的摄取量有直接的关联。蛋白质容易使尿液里出现尿酸、钙及磷，导致结石的形成。假使你曾患过钙结石，应特别注意是否摄取过量蛋白质，尤其假使你曾有尿酸过多或胱胺酸结石的病历。每天限吃180克的高蛋白食物，这包括肉类、干酪、鸡肉和鱼肉。
\n4、多吃西瓜：西瓜是天然的利尿剂。要经常吃西皿，且要单独吃，不与其他食物并用。西瓜有清净体内的作用，但勿与其他食物同时食用。
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肾病对于患者来说是个严重的打击，因为它给患者带来的伤害非常大，所以大家要做好预防工作。急性肾盂肾炎是一种很常见的感染性疾病，在我们生活中有很多人会因为大肠杆菌的感染而患上急性肾盂肾炎。那患上急性肾盂肾炎有什么症状呢?急性肾盂肾炎又应该如何进行治疗呢?今天小编就来为大家一一介绍一下，想知道的朋友就来看一下吧。
\n急性肾盂肾炎症状
\n对于我们来说，知道急性肾盂肾炎的症状是非常有必要的。因为如果知道急性肾盂肾炎症状的话，我们就可以早发现，早治疗了，不是吗?那急性肾盂肾炎有什么症状表现呢?
\n1.一般症状
\n高热，寒战，体温多在38～39℃，也可高达40℃，热型不一，一般呈弛张型，也可呈间歇或稽留型，伴头痛，全身酸痛，热退时可有大汗等。
\n2.泌尿系症状
\n患者有腰痛，多为钝痛或酸痛，程度不一，少数有腹部绞痛，沿输尿管向膀胱方向放射;体检时在上输尿管点(腹直肌外缘与脐平线交叉点)或肋腰点(腰大肌外缘与十二肋交叉点)有压痛，肾区叩痛阳性，患者常有尿频，尿急，尿痛等膀胱刺激症状，在上行性感染时，可先于全身症状出现。
\n3.胃肠道症状
\n急性肾盂肾炎患者会出现恶心，呕吐，食欲不振的症状，而有些患者则会出现腹部疼痛的情况。
\n4.菌血症和脓毒血症
\n有症状的急性肾盂肾炎患者，在其疾病过程中都可并发菌血症。
\n5.休克和弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)
\n6.儿童患者
\n儿童患者的泌尿系症状常不明显，起病时除高热等全身症状外，常有惊厥，抽搐发作，2岁以下小儿可出现发热，呕吐，非特异性的腹部不适或不好动。
\n急性肾盂肾炎治疗
\n患上急性肾盂肾炎应该如何进行治疗呢?治疗急性肾盂肾炎的方法又有哪些呢?相信这个每一位急性肾盂肾炎患者都想要知道的答案，那下面我们就一起来看一下急性肾盂肾炎的治疗方法吧。
\n1.全身支持治疗
\n卧床休息，给予足够营养，补充液体、多饮水，维持每日尿量达1.5L以上。
\n2.抗菌药物治疗
\n急性肾盂肾炎病情较急，需要及时处理，在细菌培养尚未明确前，根据尿涂片染色结果选用毒性小的广谱抗生素治疗。
\n(1)SMz—TMP对革兰阳性及阴性菌有效。
\n(2)喹诺酮类药物抗菌谱广、作用强，临床广泛应用，但不宜用于儿童和孕妇。
\n(3)革兰阴性杆菌可选用头孢菌素、广谱青霉素、氨基糖苷类抗生素或复方磺胺甲恶唑。
\n(4)去甲万古霉素适用于革兰阳性球菌感染，亚胺培南-西拉司丁钠对革兰阴性杆菌活性好，二者尤适用于难治性院内感染和免疫缺陷者的肾盂肾炎。
\n(5)首次发生肾盂肾炎的致病菌多为大肠杆菌及粪链球菌引起。临床上应根据病人症状和疾病的严重程度选择治疗。在尿细菌定量培养及药敏试验结果来获得之前，可凭医生的经验选择使用抗生素，一般选择对革兰阴性杆菌有效的抗生素并兼治革兰阳性菌感染。
\n(6)轻型肾盂肾炎治疗，口服抗生素2周是传统疗程。常用药物为复方磺胺甲恶唑lg，每天2次;氧氟沙星0.2g，每天2次;阿莫西林0.5g，每天4次。通过上述治疗通常尿菌的阴转率达90%左右，如果尿菌仍呈阳性时，应根据药敏结果选择有效的抗生素，疗程为4～6周。
\n(7)病情危重者，根据药敏结果选择用强有力抗生素，选择的药物有氨苄西林1～2g，每天4次;或头孢噻肟钠2g，每天2次。必要时联合用药，疗程为2周。一般均选用静脉滴注途径用药。有复杂因素的肾盂肾炎病人，往往致病菌产生耐药性，治疗困难，应按药敏试用奈替米星2mg/kg;每12小时一次;头孢氨噻三嗪2.0g，每天1次;氨曲南2.0，每天3次;对耐青霉素者，可选用美洛西林舒巴坦类药物。氨基苷类抗生素肾毒性大，应慎用，对原有慢性肾脏病者或老年人应尽量避免使用。复杂性肾盂肾炎易发生革兰阴性杆菌败血症，应联合使用两种或两种以上抗生素静脉治疗。用药期间应定期复查尿菌培养以观察治疗效果。
\n(8)根据尿液细菌培养结果和对抗生素敏感情况，选用有效抗生素，尤其在治疗过程中出现细菌耐药时，应根据细菌培养及药物敏感试验结果，重新调整抗菌药物。
\n(9)选用抗生素时，应考虑药物的肾毒性，伴有肾功能不良者，应使用对肾脏毒性小的药物。
\n(10)抗菌药物的治疗宜个体化。静脉用药者可在体温正常、临床症状改善、尿培养阴性后改用口服维持。
\n3.中药治疗
\n以小柴胡汤为主。
\n急性肾盂肾炎的预防方法
\n1、坚持每天多饮水，以增加排尿的次数，从而达到冲洗膀胱和尿道的作用。避免细菌在尿路繁殖，这是既简便又有效的方法。
\n2、注意阴部清洁，以减少尿道口的细菌群，必要时可用新霉素或呋喃旦啶油膏涂于尿道口旁黏膜或会阴部皮肤，以减少上行性再发感染。
\n3、尽量避免使用尿路器械，必要时应严格无菌操作。
\n4、反复发作的肾盂肾炎妇女，应每晚服一个剂量的抗菌药预防，可任选复方新诺明、呋喃旦啶、阿莫西林或头孢拉啶等药物中一种，如无不良反应，可用至1年以上。如发病与房事有关，于性生活后宜立即排尿，并服一个剂量的抗生素，也可减少肾盂肾炎的再发。
\n日常养护
\n1、重视女性保健工作，妇女要保持外阴清洁，慎用盆浴。月经期、妊娠期及婴儿要特别注意讲卫生，防止上行感染。患有急性肾盂肾炎妇女，治疗后一年内应避孕，以免怀孕而加重病情。
\n2、急性肾盂肾炎或慢性肾盂肾炎急性发作期都应多饮水，每日摄入量2500毫升以上。目的增加尿量，促进细菌、毒素及炎症分泌物排出。同时要注意加强营养和身体锻炼。
\n3、注意观察有无发烧和尿路刺激症状。慢性肾盂肾炎后期，注意有无肾脏损害症状，如高血压、贫血、尿毒症等。
\n4、药物治疗后，注意有无药物的副反应，如口服药物后引起恶心、呕吐、食欲减退等反应询问医生后，方可改用其他药物治疗。
\n其他事项
\n1、如果急性肾盂肾炎诊断、治疗及时，则很少出现并发症。并发于有潜在肾脏病或尿路畸形的急性肾盂肾炎的预后相对较差，而且致病菌常有耐药性，如不去除肾结石，尤其是合并感染的结石，否则肾盂肾炎难以控制。并发于尿路梗阻的感染也很难治愈，常演变为慢性过程，并可导致菌血症。
\n2、急性肾盂肾炎最严重的并发症是中毒性休克。产气型肾盂肾炎是一种很少见但可致命的肾盂肾炎，通常见于糖尿病患者，由致病菌常是大肠杆菌的某一菌株释放气体进入感染组织所致。
\n3、在得到充分治疗后，又无其他肾脏疾病或尿路畸形，急性肾盂肾炎通常可痊愈，并不引起肾脏瘢痕或持续性肾脏损害，相反在肾脏未完全发育成熟的婴幼儿，尤其是并发于肾脏疾病或尿路畸形的急性肾盂肾炎，常引起持续肾脏损害和瘢痕。
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肾盂肾炎有急性期和慢性期两个阶段，好发于女性，主要表现为腰痛和膀胱刺激症状，急性期有发热，甚至高热。那么肾盂肾炎女性患者应该怎么样做好家庭护理呢?
\n1、注意阴部清洁。肾盂肾炎女性患者应保持外阴清洁，慎用盆浴，以减少尿道口菌群的感染，尤其在月经期、妊娠期要特别注意卫生，防止上行感染。在治疗后一年内应避孕，以免因怀孕而加重病情。
\n2、在发作期应多饮水，勤排尿，以冲洗膀胱和尿道，避免细菌在尿路繁殖。同时要注意加强营养和身体锻炼。
\n3、注意观察有无发烧和尿路刺激症状。慢性肾盂肾炎后期，注意有无肾脏损害症状，如高血压、贫血、尿毒症等。
\n4、服用药物时，要注意药物的副作用。
\n5、如果需要做尿培养，应做好以下准备：①用抗生素前或停用抗生素5天后留尿标本。②收集清晨尿。③留尿标本前要充分清洗会阴部，保持尿液不受污染。留尿时要留取中段尿置于无菌试管内。④留好的尿标本，要在2小时内作培养和计菌落数，以免有杂菌生长，影响判断结果。若有特殊情况需将尿液冷藏在4℃以下的冰箱内。
\n在饮食方面，也需要额外注意，常见的肾盂肾炎的饮食注意事项有：
\n1、远离强烈的调味品。生活中，比较常见的有：胡椒、芥末、咖胆、辣椒等，这些都对患者的肾功能不利，肾盂肾炎的饮食应忌食。
\n2、控制植物蛋白质的摄入。专家指出，蛋白质的摄入量应根据肾盂肾炎患者的肾功能情况着实而定，以减轻肾脏的负担，避免非蛋白氮在体内的积存。
\n3、避免高脂肪的食物。该病患者存在高血压和贫血的症状，因此对于高脂肪的食物对于患者的治疗和康复是不利的，故肾盂肾炎的饮食不宜过多食用。
\n4、注意食盐的摄入量。肾盂肾炎患者的水肿症状与血容量、钠盐有密切的关系。因此，肾盂肾炎的饮食必须限制食盐，给予低盐饮食。
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肾盂肾炎带给患者很多的伤害，会波及到他们的肾脏健康，因此在我们察觉到了肾盂肾炎的症状之后，就必须要去进行治疗了，通过中医就可以很好的治疗该病，接下来就让我们一起了解一下肾盂肾炎的中医治疗的办法有哪些。
\n肾盂肾炎的中医治疗：
\n1、热窜胃肠(湿重于热)：证见寒战高热，汗出而热不解，胸脘痞闷，头重腰痛，小便浑浊，尿时涩痛，脉濡数，苔黄腻。治疗宜苦寒清热，淡渗利湿，方用三仁汤或杏仁滑石汤加减。药用杏仁、制半夏、草、蓄、黄芩、黄柏、茯苓各15克，滑石(包煎)、苡仁、蒲公英各30克，厚朴10克，通草6克。水煎服，每日1剂。
\n2、肺胃积热(热重于湿)：证见壮热汗出，口渴引饮，小便涩滞，尿时刺痛，脉洪大或细数，苔黄燥。治宜清热解毒、益气生津，方用五味消毒饮合黄连解毒汤加减。药用黄连、黄柏、栀子各10克，黄芩、银花、鲜竹叶各15克，蒲公英、紫花地丁、六一散(包煎)、玄参各30克，木通、甘草各6克。水煎服。
\n3、肝胆郁热(邪犯少阳)：证见寒热往来，心烦欲呕，口苦口干，不思饮食，腰痛、少腹痛、尿频而急，脉弦数，苔黄。治宜和解少阳，利尿通淋，方用小柴胡汤合猪苓汤加减。药用柴胡、草、蒲公英、车前草、石苇各30克，黄芩、猪苓、茯苓各15克，黄连10克，六一散(包煎)30克。水煎服，每日一剂。
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