![\"肺动脉高压是什么，为您介绍协和医院肺动脉高压治疗的最新进展\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502718814852.jpg\" "\\"肺动脉高压是什么，为您介绍协和医院肺动脉高压治疗的最新进展\\"")
本文将通过几句话为您介绍肺动脉高压是什么，协和医院肺动脉高压治疗的最新进展能给您什么样的治疗效果。
\n一、肺动脉高压是什么
\n肺动脉高压是由多种病因引起肺血管床受累导致肺循环阻力逐渐增加，最终导致的右心衰竭甚至死亡的一种疾病。肺动脉高压治疗效果很差。最近几年，肺动脉高压发病机制研究进展迅速，目前已经明确前列环素途径、NO途径、内皮素途径三条经典信号传导通路在肺动脉高压的发生以及发展过程的相关性，针对上述三条经典途径的肺动脉高压靶向治疗药物将陆续出现，可以大幅改善患者的生活质量和治疗效果。
\n
虽然肺动脉高压的研究已经取得明显进展，但肺动脉高压的治疗效果依然差强人意，相当一部分患者无法从以上单药治疗、联合用药治疗中获益，该病的致残率和死亡率依然较高。医学界目前仍然怀疑，可能有其它机制参与肺动脉高压的发生、发展过程。因此寻找新的治疗途径和方法仍是肺动脉高压治疗领域发展重要环节。
\n![\"肺动脉高压是什么，为您介绍协和医院肺动脉高压治疗的最新进展\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502719443383.jpg\" "\\"肺动脉高压是什么，为您介绍协和医院肺动脉高压治疗的最新进展\\"")
目前，包括北京协和医院在内的多家中心正在进行一项多中心、双盲、安慰剂对照随机临床试验，以此来研究盐酸埃他卡林治疗特发性和系统性硬化症相关的肺动脉高压的疗效。前期研究发现肺动脉高压患者肺动脉平滑肌细胞存在钾通道功能异常，提示钾通道可能是肺动脉高压治疗的新靶点。盐酸埃他卡林是具有自主知识产权的新型钾通道开放剂。现有的研究已经表明，埃他卡林具有吸收好、用药剂量低、起效快、降压持久、平稳、不良反应发生率低、安全剂量范围宽、毒性低、长期用药无耐受性等优点。埃他卡林及其衍生物对肺动脉高压的防治作用已经获得国家发明专利。
\n![\"肺动脉高压是什么，为您介绍协和医院肺动脉高压治疗的最新进展\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502719345370.jpg\" "\\"肺动脉高压是什么，为您介绍协和医院肺动脉高压治疗的最新进展\\"")
协和医院负责这项临床研究的呼吸科徐凯峰医师提出，盐酸埃他卡林作为国家I类新药，对肺动脉高压药物治疗学的发展有着非常重要的意义。如果能证实盐酸埃他卡林对肺动脉高压治疗有疗效，将是我国科学家对肺动脉高压治疗的重大贡献，并使现有的三类主要治疗药物扩展到四类；而且，国产盐酸埃他卡林相对于国际上肺动脉高压高额治疗费用，在价格上将有极大优势，使广大患者从中受益。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1768,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502718795213,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502718795213,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5534","isDel":0,"createAt":1502705820851,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":1502705851149,"updateBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","updateName":"小海螺","userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"23价肺炎疫苗注射对象与注射须知","content":"
可供使用的肺炎疫苗含23价肺炎疫苗，主要针对2岁以上儿童和发生肺炎球菌性疾病及并发症可能大的成年人作疫苗注射，以下注射对象还应重点考虑：
\n慢性疾病，特别是心血管病和肺疾病的患者；患有脾功能不全或解剖性无脾、霍奇金病、多发性骨髓瘤、糖尿病、HIV感染、肝硬化、酒精中毒、肾功能衰竭、器官移植及其他与免疫抑制有关的疾病的患者；患有肾病的儿童；对于各方面指标正常但年龄超过65岁的老年人，以及有脑脊液漏的病人。
\n![\"23价肺炎疫苗注射对象与注射须知\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502706224023.jpg\" "\\"23价肺炎疫苗注射对象与注射须知\\"")
反复上呼吸道感染(包括中耳炎和鼻窦炎)并不太适合注射疫苗的指征。需要注意的是疫苗的保护期限并不明朗，但据目前观察时效较长；对于高危人群, 最好5~10年后需重复接种，因为5年内重复接种者易有较强的局部反应。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1023","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1716,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502705820852,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502705820852,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5533","isDel":0,"createAt":1502704519434,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"肺炎治疗效果如何，看协和医院专家怎么说","content":"
早春空气仍然有些凉，是万物复苏的季节，但也是肺炎的高发季节，那么肺炎治疗效果怎么样呢？
\n肺炎治疗效果如何？
\n青霉素使肺炎的发病率和死亡率大大降低，已知病原菌的获得性肺炎死亡病例中，肺炎总死亡率为10%。。肺炎治疗效果不好的原因主要包括以下几个方面：
\n![\"肺炎治疗效果\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502704752323.jpg\" "\\"肺炎治疗效果\\"")
1、年龄因素：过小或过老，特别是1岁以下及60岁以上群体中；血培养阳性；病变范围大；周围血白细胞计数＜5000/ml；
\n2、其他基础疾病：有其他疾病存在(如肝硬化,心力衰竭,免疫抑制,血内丙种球蛋白缺乏,脾切除或脾功能丧失,尿毒症)；
\n3、某些血清型(尤其是第3和第8型)的病原体以及发生肺外并发症(如脑膜炎或心内膜炎)的患者。
\n接受治疗较早的病情较轻的患者,一般在24~48小时内体温下降；但病情较重的患者，特别是具有上述情况的患者，多数需要4天或4天以上才能退热。如果肺炎病情逐步改善，病因明确,最好不要改变治疗方针。
\n如果病情没有好转,需考虑以下因素：病因诊断错误，药物反应不良，疾病大部分已经属于有晚期或重复感染，疾病本身也使病人抵抗力下降，非住院患者用药方法不符要求，使得致病的肺炎链球菌菌株有耐药性，以及存在并发症(如脓胸)需要引流、或者有转移感染灶需加大青霉素剂量(如脑膜炎,心内膜炎,脓毒性关节炎)。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1524,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502704519436,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502704519436,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5532","isDel":0,"createAt":1502703561246,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"协和医院告诉你：肺炎好治吗，肺炎怎么治","content":"
许多病友在患了肺炎以后，对肺炎好治吗，肺炎怎么治这两个问题非常感兴趣，那么听听协和医院的专家怎么说吧：
\n肺炎如何诊断和治疗？
\n在临床中，诊断肺炎主要依靠仔细的询问病情、认真的检查和胸片，有明确的肺炎诱因、咳嗽和脓痰、肺内有异常的呼吸音，胸片出现了异常影子，就可以诊断为肺炎。在治疗的时候主要是采取抗生素治疗，按照规定足量足疗程使用，给予对证和支持治疗，大部分患者可以痊愈。
\n![\"肺炎好治吗，肺炎怎么治\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502703774281.jpg\" "\\"肺炎好治吗，肺炎怎么治\\"")
肺炎好治吗？
\n肺炎诊断是很复杂，上述方法只能简单的判断患者有无肺炎。但对于婴幼儿和老年患者，肺炎非常隐蔽.。肺炎病因也多种多样的，判断肺炎的病因需要各种检查，包括痰液、肺穿刺物、支气管镜下取标本的各种培养，而大部分患者得不到确切的结论。即使是典型的肺炎链球菌根据荚膜多糖抗原分类,也有80种以上的血清型.。治疗中主要依赖医生经验来选择抗生素。
\n治疗不是简单的事，肺炎是我国常见的致死性疾病之一可以看出治疗效果是不满意的。青霉素敏感的肺炎球菌株，青霉素G是首选药物。但约25%的肺炎球菌对青霉素耐药。对高度耐药菌株的治疗，根据体外药敏试验。大剂量青霉素，头孢噻肟或头孢曲松对大多数耐药菌株有效.新一代喹诺酮类药物是青霉素耐药菌株的常选用药物，青霉素敏感菌株治疗的可供替换的药物。万古霉素具有持久活性的药物，对所有肺炎球菌均有抗菌活性，在大多数情况下伴有高耐青霉素发生率的重症患者的首选药物。支持治疗包括卧床休息，补充液体及针对胸膜疼痛使用止痛剂。有发绀、明显缺氧、严重呼吸困难、循环紊乱或谵妄的病人应给氧。
\n\n
","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1688,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502703561248,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502703561248,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5531","isDel":0,"createAt":1502701044943,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"引起肺炎的原因及肺炎症状","content":"
引起肺炎的原因及肺炎症状，许多病友都非常关注，相信通过阅读本文您将会有所收获：
\n引起肺炎的原因
\n肺炎可以由多种病原引起，包括细菌、病毒、真菌、寄生虫等，另外放射线、过敏、化学等因素也可引起肺炎。肺炎非常常见，是常见的致死性疾病，在老年群体、有基础疾病的患者中肺炎中的死亡率很高。
\n![\"引起肺炎的原因及肺炎症状\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502701725978.jpg\" "\\"引起肺炎的原因及肺炎症状\\"")
肺炎症状有哪些？
\n肺炎链球菌是细菌性肺炎的最常见致病因素之一，其感染所诱发的大叶性肺炎是典型肺炎。常有受凉、疲劳、醉酒、精神刺激、病毒感染等诱因，有咳嗽、鼻塞、流涕、周身不适和肌肉疼痛等上呼吸道感染的症状，然后体温快速上升至38~40.5℃，出现咳嗽、少量痰、血丝或\"铁锈\"痰液和胸痛。胸痛的部位与感染的部位相关，值得注意的是如果下肺感染可能表现为肚子疼。发热5-10天后体温一般会自行下降，使用抗生素有效治疗可1-3天体温就会恢复正常。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1023","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1668,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502701044945,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502701044945,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5530","isDel":0,"createAt":1502700041958,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"专家为你聊聊：感觉呼吸困难是怎么回事","content":"
感觉呼吸困难是怎么回事呢，其实在医学中特指呼吸不舒适的主观体验，涵盖几种性质不同，严重程度不一的主观感受。呼吸困难与生理、心理、社会、环境多种因素相关，特别是呼吸困难本身又可以引起继发性的生理和行为反应。
\n![\"感觉呼吸困难是怎么回事\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502700078891.jpg\" "\\"感觉呼吸困难是怎么回事\\"")
病理生理机制比如呼吸努力的程度、外周中枢化学感受器的刺激、肺和胸壁机械感受器的刺激、中枢对外周传入的整合等引起感知性呼吸困难，包括“呼吸幅度和频率”, “呼吸渴求”, “呼吸时相关的呼吸困难”，“喘息”。
\n情感性呼吸困难指伴随呼吸困难的“难受”和“情绪反应”，是一种感觉，发生机制与情绪、文化背景、疾病经历以及个体特质有关。相当于警示大脑，“您的身体出了异常，自身调节已不足以纠正”。激发情绪反应让人难受，调动适应性行为，甚至使运动器官做好奔往医院的准备。就感知性呼吸困难来说，全世界所有人都一样。而情感性呼吸困难明显受到文化背景的影响。
\n一般情况下，病人对五种性质不同的呼吸困难症状描述，指向其病理生理改变和负面情感。如果医师在问诊时能注意到病人呼吸困难的语言，相当高比例的患者可以得到正确诊断，避免了没有必要的实验室检查。
\n恰当的区别感知性呼吸困难和情感性呼吸困难，不仅能够帮助诊断和鉴别诊断，以便做出正确的治疗决策缓解症状，理解呼吸困难对患者行为的影响。国内外呼吸困难研究领域的最新进展，精准的诠释了生物心理医学模式对呼吸困难诊断治疗的推动作用。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1965,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502700041960,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502700041960,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5516","isDel":0,"createAt":1502442344233,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"专家告诉你气胸怎么治疗，气胸的护理都有哪些讲究","content":"
气胸怎么治疗需要结合患者本身情况来制定合理的治疗方案，而气胸的护理又明显要比其他疾病护理更讲究些。阅读完本文，将会为您揭晓答案。
\n![\"气胸怎么治疗，气胸的护理都有哪些讲究\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502442465256.jpg\" "\\"气胸怎么治疗，气胸的护理都有哪些讲究\\"")
气胸怎么治疗
\n吸氧在处理气胸中的非常重要，但又经常被忽视。如果不吸氧，气胸每天的吸收率大约1.25％，25％气胸量大约需要20天完全吸收。如果患者采取吸氧措施，吸收率基本可以提高3～4倍。气胸量大时吸收率增加更为明显。这是因为吸氧提高了胸腔和组织之间气体的气体压力梯度，在促进氧气吸收同时，也促进了胸腔内其它气体的吸收。值得注意的是，发生气胸后，患者多半伴有通气／灌注比例失调、解剖分流与死腔，在施行引流术以后，通气灌注比例可暂时发生恶化，在30～90分钟后才会明显改善。吸氧是气胸治疗的最基本措施，通常吸氧量为3升／分钟。
\n排气治疗应该结合患者本身的肺压缩程度及原发病的性质、范围，气胸的类型等因素来进行综合考虑。经过严格选择，无呼吸困难，气胸量小于15％的小型气胸可采取单纯观察方法，让其自行吸收。在这过程中，监测气胸进展，避免延误病情，如果需要可以进行安置胸管。肺压缩明显、病情危重者可采取紧急简易排气措施，对反复抽气呼吸困难、不能缓解的患者，可以采取闭式引流排气等措施。反复气胸发病的患者，胸腔引流加药物或手术的方法，达到破裂的肺泡粘连的目的，也将具有一定得效果。
\n气胸的护理需讲究
\n患者采取半坐半卧位非常重要，不要过多移动患者，避免用力咳嗽，必要时可以服用止咳剂，务必避免胸膜破裂口增大或者已闭合的裂口再度裂开。有条件的患者可以吸氧治疗，氧流量一般在 3升／分以上。对于积气量较大的患者或者原来已有广泛肺部疾病，病人不能平卧。如果侧卧方式，气胸患侧就应该在上，以减轻气急。胸痛剧烈患者，可以采取止痛措施。如果病情危急，可以在患侧锁骨中线外1cm和第二肋间隙交界处插入一根消毒针头，进行紧急排气减压，然后火速送往医院进行抢救。在此期间，应该密切观察患者的神志、面色、呼吸、心率、血压等变化。
\n\n
","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2092,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502442344237,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502442344237,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5515","isDel":0,"createAt":1502440644759,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"一文让你明白气胸是怎么引起的，气胸症状的表现","content":"
如果您有憋气症状，尤其晚上加重情形，不妨看下本文，通过一个病例让你明白气胸是怎么引起的，气胸症状的表现。赵女士最近又出现了憋气，在晚上憋气加重，导致难以入睡，而且有越来越加重的趋势，到医院拍胸片以后，结果显示右侧胸腔气胸，肺压缩50%。进行了胸腔闭式引流，患者的症状迅速缓解，2天之后右肺完全复张，拔除了胸腔引流管，患者的症状没有反复。
\n![\"气胸是怎么引起的，气胸症状的表现\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502440676071.jpg\" "\\"气胸是怎么引起的，气胸症状的表现\\"")
自发性气胸是怎么引起的？
\n自发性气胸是肺或胸膜病变，造成胸膜破裂，空气在进入胸膜腔以后，就形成气胸。气胸会造成胸膜腔内压力升高（正常胸膜腔为负压），使肺不能正常膨胀，肺压向肺门，甚至可以使气管、心脏等产生移位，推向对侧胸腔。气胸引起的原因包括慢性支气管炎并发肺气肿、支气管哮喘、尘肺、广泛肺纤维化、肺大泡破裂等。肺癌、肺结核空洞、肺脓肿亦可引起气胸。老年患者多是原发病为慢性阻塞性肺气肿。自发性气胸多由肺大泡破裂所致，好发于身体瘦高的青年男性。该部分人群的发病诱因多由感染、剧烈咳嗽、有持重物、屏气、剧烈运动等原因引起。
\n![\"气胸是怎么引起的，气胸症状的表现\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502441110798.jpg\" "\\"气胸是怎么引起的，气胸症状的表现\\"")
气胸症状的表现
\n气胸一般由持重物、屏气、剧烈运动等因素诱发，患者会突感胸痛、气急、憋气，可伴有咳嗽。小量气胸先有气急，发病数小时后逐渐平稳，X光检查也不一定能发现。若气胸量较大者或者原来已有广泛肺部疾患，患者多半不能平卧。患者呼吸困难的程度与积气量的多少、原来肺内病变范围有相关性。当胸膜粘连和肺功能减损之时，即使小量局限性气胸也会造成明显胸痛和气急。
\n![\"气胸是怎么引起的，气胸症状的表现\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502441005756.jpg\" "\\"气胸是怎么引起的，气胸症状的表现\\"")
气胸症状的主要表现包括以下几方面：
\n胸痛：多数患者伴有胸痛，这是胸膜粘连牵拉、撕裂所造成。胸痛可突然发生，患者会感到刺痛或胀痛，在咳嗽及深吸气时疼痛加剧。对老年患者而言，感觉迟钝，胸痛的表现不如年轻人明显。因此，容易造成早期诊断的延误。
\n呼吸困难：多与胸痛同时发生，年轻人肺压缩小于20%，呼吸困难有时并不明显。老年人多伴有慢性肺部疾病，肺功能差，虽然肺压缩仅为10%，也会出现明显呼吸困难。如果是高压性气胸，患者多表现为进行性呼吸困难，甚至休克、呼吸衰竭等。
\n咳嗽：一般表现为干咳，这是胸膜反射性刺激所引发。如果伴有感染或者支气管胸膜瘘，咳嗽将会加重，痰液为脓性。
\n休克：高压性气胸如果得不到及时救治，患者可能会休克，这种情况下，患者除了伴有呼吸困难外，还会伴有紫绀、大汗淋漓、烦躁不安、意识不清、四肢厥冷、脉搏减弱、血压下降、严重者甚至会死亡。老年人的临床表现，有可能被原发疾病掩盖（如慢性支气管炎合并阻塞性肺气肿），造成诊断延误。X线检查可帮助确诊，并了解肺压缩的程度，气管偏移的情况，对疾病本身也是有益的提示。
\n\n
","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1743,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502440644760,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502440644760,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5511","isDel":0,"createAt":1502187142147,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"史上最全的睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的治疗方法","content":"
1、自己治疗睡眠呼吸暂停综合征
\n①采取侧卧位睡眠。采取侧卧睡眠，可以防止咽部组织和舌后坠堵塞气道。还可减轻腹部、胸部、颈部的额外重量造成的气道压力。
\n![\"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502187599600.jpg\" "\\"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征\\"")
②避免饮酒和服用镇静药物等，酒精和一些药物如镇静剂、安眠药以及抗组胺药物会使呼吸变得浅慢。还可使肌肉更松弛，更容易阻塞气道，这些组织的变化会加重鼾症及睡眠呼吸暂停，如果你打鼾，避免睡前饮酒及服用相关药物。
\n![\"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502186658916.jpg\" "\\"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征\\"")
③减轻体重。睡眠呼吸暂停多发生在肥胖人群中。额外的组织给肺部及颈部的组织施加压力，造成呼吸变得更加困难。减肥会有助于呼吸。理想的体重对治愈打鼾和睡眠呼吸暂停综合征至关重要。
\n④定期锻炼，锻炼目的也是减轻体重，增强肌肉并使得肺功能更好。
\n⑤保持鼻部通畅，如果你患有过敏、鼻息肉或其他会造成鼻腔阻塞的疾病，对这些疾病的治疗将有助于打鼾或睡眠呼吸暂停的改善。如果吸烟，建议戒掉，因为吸烟会刺激鼻腔，使阻塞的鼻腔和呼吸道变得更严重。
\n2、上述如还不成功，医生治疗睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的手段
\n①口腔矫治器治疗，夜晚带在口中，可防止打鼾及治疗轻度睡眠呼吸暂停，或者作为经持续正压通气治疗的一种辅助手段。
\n②持续正压通气治疗，对中、重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征非常有效，可在家长期治疗。当你入睡时，将面罩戴好并将机器打开，机器送出一个柔和的稳定的正压气流通过鼻腔进入咽部，气流的压力强制性地使咽部的软组织不会塌陷，从而保持气道通畅。压力大小是经过睡眠呼吸监测后由医生决定的。
\n![\"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502186782973.jpg\" "\\"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征\\"")
③外科手术：去除悬雍垂和部分软腭以及扁桃体。该手术在解决由于咽部结构阻塞气道而导致的打鼾通常是比较成功，对治疗睡眠呼吸暂停疗效不确定；激光辅助悬雍-腭成形术：医生使用激光去除部分或者全部的悬雍垂以及部分的软腭。可治疗打鼾，并可在某种程度上治疗轻度的睡眠呼吸暂停综合征。可在门诊进行手术。
\n④其他治疗手段，如鼻手术去除鼻息肉或矫正偏曲的鼻中隔；手术去除肿大的扁桃腺及肿大的腺样体；下腭手术使下腭及舌前突，扩大气道；如患有严重的、危及生命的睡眠呼吸暂停，或其他治疗均告失败则有必要施行气管切开术。
\n上述治疗手段涵盖了医疗界认可的所有的治疗方法，组织切掉了就长不上去了，因此最好先自我治疗，在选择手术前一定要谨慎。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1866,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502187142149,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502187142149,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5510","isDel":0,"createAt":1502185140384,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的检查流程","content":"
![\"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的检查流程\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502185981342.jpg\" "\\"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的检查流程\\"")
病友们在患有睡眠呼吸暂停综合征在门诊就诊的时候，医生会根据病史、体征和入睡后观察15分钟以上可作出推测性诊断。为了对你做个全方位的了解，医生会收集你生活中一些小习惯，对可能影响睡眠呼吸的各种情况做以了解，如睡眠及起床习惯、其它疾病情况、家族病史等。在体检时，医生还会检查你咽部是否有增生的组织和阻塞的结构以及其他可能造成睡眠呼吸暂停的原因。医生还会检查你的鼻部，判断是否有过敏性鼻炎或其他可能影响呼吸的问题。可能还需要进行实验室检查以及有关其他的健康指标的检查（如体重、血压及心率等）。如果怀疑有睡眠呼吸暂停，医生将为你推荐睡眠监测。对你的睡眠情况进行整夜监测。彻夜睡眠呼吸监测是确诊你是否患有睡眠呼吸暂停的重要手段。这种睡眠监测无痛苦、无风险。根据睡眠的问题和所需要的设备，监测可以在医院的睡眠监测中心进行，也可以在自己的家中进行。仪器整夜监测记录血压、打鼾、脑电图、眼动图、肌电图、鼻和口腔气流、胸腹式呼吸、心电及血氧饱和度等各项参数。医生将根据睡眠呼吸监测结果确诊疾病的性质及严重程度，并决定用哪种治疗方法。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1820,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502185140386,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502185140386,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5509","isDel":0,"createAt":1502184112537,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"病友总结的几个睡眠呼吸暂停综合征典型症状","content":"
许多病友因为知识缺乏，病急求医，不知道打呼噜、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征是什么概念，什么情况应该就医，现在病友总结几个常见情形，如果患有一个或多个就可以去就医啦，早日摆脱打呼噜的烦恼！
\n（1）睡了一整夜，醒来仍然感到浑身乏力。
\n（2）夜间反复憋醒，夜眠不宁，不自主翻动，甚至昏迷抽搐。
\n（3）打鼾突然停止，持续一段时间后，鼾声又起。
\n（4）醒后头痛，睡醒起床后口干舌燥。
\n（5）白天非常困倦或者打盹，甚至在工作、站凳子就打盹或驾驶时睡着。
\n（6）暴躁易怒，每天睡醒血压最高。
\n（7）注意力不易集中或记忆力下降。
\n（8）夜间睡觉时小便次数增加。
\n（9）阳痿、性欲减低。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1670,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502184112539,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502184112539,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5508","isDel":0,"createAt":1502181708121,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的病因介绍，值得一看","content":"
睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的朋友都很纳闷，为什么我的呼噜声那么响，这么响的呼噜声是怎样发生的呢？
\n![\"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502182097122.jpg\" "\\"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征\\"")
正常人在吸气时，空气经咽喉部而进入到肺部。气流必经之路是柔软而有弹性的咽部组织，如软腭、悬雍垂、扁桃体和舌。白天，这些组织周围的肌肉相对紧张将咽部拉紧，不会堵塞气道。但到了晚上睡眠时，肌肉就会放松。正常人得咽部位置仍正常，气道畅通，气体可以自由进出。如果咽部组织肥大或肌肉在睡眠时过于松弛，气道就会部分受阻。当气流从鼻或口经过狭窄部位时，咽部结构产生振动并形成共振，由此产生鼾声。如果咽部组织将气道完全阻塞，气流无法进入肺部，就形成了呼吸暂停。如果肺部不能得到新鲜空气，大脑就将身体短暂唤醒到刚刚能够收紧咽部肌肉的程度，这样就解除了气道阻塞，伴随一个很响亮的喘息声，呼吸恢复正常。该过程循环往复，使睡眠变得很浅，早上醒来时，虽然你不知道这些过程，但会感到十分疲劳。由于长期缺乏新鲜空气，导致血氧浓度降低，血液粘稠度增加，你的肺部、心脏及其他器官会受到损害，从而引起一系列疾病，比如高血压、高血脂、阳痿早泄等。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1855,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502181708123,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502181708123,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5507","isDel":0,"createAt":1502180830082,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的易发人群、症状与危害","content":"
睡眠呼吸暂停综合征是指在睡眠时发生的呼吸暂时停顿的现象。对人影响比较大呼吸暂停的是指，口和鼻气流每次停止10秒以上，一晚7个小时的睡眠中，暂停发生30次以上或睡眠呼吸紊乱指数超过5次以上。病友们可以根据自己白天有无乏力、嗜睡等症状，来初步判断自己是否患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征。
\n![\"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502181174367.jpg\" "\\"睡眠呼吸暂停综合征\\"")
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征易发于中年以上的人群中。调查显示：大约2%的男性和4%的女性患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征都有哪些危害呢？
\n阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征由于反复出现呼吸暂停，从而引起体内缺氧、以及二氧化碳的体内堆积所引起的一系列病理改变。不但破坏睡眠，还会引起白天嗜睡、乏力、记忆力减退、使人工作能力和生活质量严重下降，甚至会引起一系列的社会问题。由于本病发生在睡眠时间，容易忽略，多是因为其它病到门诊就诊，如高血压、冠心病、脑血管病、情绪障碍、口干、咽炎、阳萎等，医生如果不加以重视，也容易造成漏诊和误诊。
\n另外，睡眠呼吸暂停综合征也是引起诸多交通事故的主要诱因之一。美国的车祸是引起死亡和伤害的第三位原因，每年发生的200万交通事故中，有4万到5万人丧生，而患有睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的司机车祸发生率是正常人的3-7倍，并占恶性交通事故的80%。
\n综上所述，睡眠呼吸暂停综合征属于源头性疾病，许多疾病，比如阳痿、早泄、高血压等疾病在治疗好睡眠呼吸暂停综合征以后，也会自然销售。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1682,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502180830084,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502180830084,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5506","isDel":0,"createAt":1502177213997,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"21世纪肺癌治疗的方向——肺癌多学科综合治疗","content":"
肺癌的发病率在近年来逐渐升高，肺癌治疗的理念也在不断发展变化，21世纪公认的、肺癌治疗的方向肺癌多学科综合治疗，必须根据肺癌的组织学类型、分期、个体生活状态、肿瘤分子生物学特性等制定最佳治疗方案，以提高治愈率，改善病人生活质量，延长生存为主要目的：
\n![\"肺癌治疗\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502178187249.jpg\" "\\"肺癌治疗\\"")
早中期（Ⅰ～ⅢA期）基本治疗方式应该以手术为主，结合病人个体情况，制订正确方案，是否行术前的新辅助化疗（诱导化疗）、手术后辅助化疗;
\n对中晚期（ⅢA-ⅢB期）已经不能接受手术治疗的患者来讲，病人可以考虑行序贯或同步放化疗。
\n对晚期肺癌患者(ⅢB、Ⅳ期) 、体能状况比较乐观、健康状况好的老年病人应行姑息性化疗，因此有关非小细胞肺癌的内科化学治疗已涉及到与多种学科多种方法的综合治疗。
\n肺癌患者在休疗期间应该做好定期随诊。如果有肺癌的复发的证据，可以采用更新的治疗手段--分子靶向治疗，这种治疗方式可以减少对正常细胞的毒副作用。 如表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和血管生成因子抑制剂及重组人血管内皮抑素。均可以明显提高疗效和生存时间。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1415,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502177213999,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502177213999,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5505","isDel":0,"createAt":1502175836969,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"吸引朋友建议看看肺癌早期症状","content":"
对于肺癌患者的最大特点来说延误诊断和漏诊较多，因为肺癌患者来讲，肺癌早期症状没有特异的临床表现。病人根本没有异常感觉，早期的患者也多数在体检时发现，影像检查也就是发现阴影，多数也是因没有症状而延误，导致早干预的好时机，如果疾病处于早期，手术治疗是可以治愈的。另外75%的患者也又临床表现，具体如下：
\n![\"肺癌早期症状\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502176605997.jpg\" "\\"肺癌早期症状\\"")
一、肺癌在肺内生长直接引起的症状
\n1、咳嗽、早期肺癌患者常表现为突发无痰阵发遇刺激性气味等咳嗽（即刺激性干咳），非常容易当成为呼吸道感染。当大的气道管腔（即中央气道）内肿瘤引起气道狭窄梗阻时，咳嗽转为持续性，表现为高音调的金属声。当肿瘤进一步增大时，影响到肺内的痰等能咳出来时，可引发肺部感染，激烈咳嗽后痰量增多，呈粘液脓性。特殊病人会有大量粘液痰，部分病人每日可达2000ml黏液痰（肺泡癌病人常有的特点）。
\n![\"肺癌早期症状\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502175865649.jpg\" "\\"肺癌早期症状\\"")
2、咯血、由于癌组织血管丰富，易发生组织坏死，因此约21％以上病人有咯血，表现为痰中带血丝，或间断血痰，有时仅有1-2次。如侵蚀大血管，可引起大咯血。
\n![\"肺癌早期症状\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502175907515.jpg\" "\\"肺癌早期症状\\"")
3、其它、如果肿瘤造成较大气道的阻塞，病人可出现不同程度的阻塞症状如喘鸣、胸闷、气促、胸痛和发热等。
\n二、肿瘤胸内蔓延：如胸痛、呼吸困难、胸闷、声嘶哑。还有一些症候群如：上腔静脉综合症（ 由胸内肿瘤或转移压迫上腔静脉引起的急性或亚急性呼吸困难,面颈部肿胀,检查可见面颈,上肢和胸部静脉回流受阻,瘀血,水肿,呼吸困难,进一步发展可导致缺氧和颅内压增高,需要紧急处理以缓解症状）。膈肌麻痹、及食道受压、胸腔积液、心包积液症状等。肺尖部肺癌，亦称Pancost肿瘤，侵入纵隔和压迫位于胸廓上口的器官或组织，如第1肋骨、锁骨下动脉和静脉、臂丛神经、颈交感神经等，产生剧烈的胸肩痛、上肢静脉怒张、水肿、臂痛和上肢运动障碍，同侧上眼睑下垂、瞳孔缩小、眼球内陷、面部无汗等交感神经综合症。
\n三、肿瘤组织的远处转移：锁骨上、颈部等淋巴结肿大。出现中枢神经系统症状，如头痛、呕吐、眩晕、复视、共济失调、偏瘫及癫痫发作等，往往是颅内转移表现。肩背痛、下肢无力、膀胱或肠道功能失调，应高度怀疑脊髓束受压迫。约28%—33%肝转移时患者有肝肿大和疼痛。骨转移时表现为骨痛、骨折等。
\n四、肺癌的肺外表现
\n肺癌的肺外表现多为肺癌细胞产生的某些特殊物质（激素、抗原、酶或代谢产物）所引起的临床表现。不同病理类型肺癌细胞产生的异位激素发生率不同。
\n找良医网提示您：肺癌并不可怕，早诊断、早治疗、科学治疗非常重要，如果做的好一样活的很好。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1844,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502175836971,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502175836971,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5504","isDel":0,"createAt":1502172442187,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"胸腔积液怎么治疗看协和医院专家怎么说","content":"
胸腔积液的病友在已经诊断明确后，医生就会针对不同的情况进行治疗，病因不同，治疗措施也应不同。胸腔积液怎么治疗这个话题不妨看看协和医院的专家怎么说
\n一、结核性胸膜炎引发胸腔积液
\n多数患者抗结核药物治疗效果基本不错，胸液如果量少一般不必抽液或仅作诊断性穿刺，胸腔穿刺不仅有助于诊断，且可解除肺及心、血管受压，改善呼吸，防止纤维蛋白沉着与胸膜增厚，使肺功能免受损伤。抽液后也有助于减轻毒性症状，体温下降，使被压迫的肺迅速复张。大量胸液者每周抽液2～3次，直至胸液完全吸收。每次抽液量最好不要超过1000ml，过快、过多抽液可使胸腔压力骤降，容易导致肺水肿或循环障碍。抽胸液后迅速产生的肺复张后肺水肿，表现为剧咳、气促、咳大量泡沫状痰，双肺满布浊湿啰音，PaO2下降，X线显示肺水肿征。如果发生这种情况，应立即给患者采取吸氧措施，必要时应用糖皮质激素及利尿剂，控制入水量，严密监测病情与酸碱平衡。抽液时如果出现头晕、冷汗、心悸、面色苍白、脉细、四肢发凉的“胸膜反应”的症状时时，应立即停止抽液、患者平卧，必要时皮下注射0.1％肾上腺素0.5ml，密切观察病情，注意患者血压波动情况，防止休克。一般情况下，抽胸液后，没必要向胸腔内注入药物。
\n![\"胸腔积液怎么治疗\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502172752304.jpg\" "\\"胸腔积液怎么治疗\\"")
糖皮质激素可减少机体的变态反应及炎症反应，改善毒性症状，加速胸液吸收，减少胸膜粘连或胸膜增厚等后遗症。但也有可能引起不良反应或者诱发结核播散，必须慎重操作。急性结核性渗出性胸膜炎全身毒性症状严重、胸液较多者，在抗结核药物治疗的同时，可加用糖皮质激素，通常用泼尼松或泼尼松龙25～30mg/d，分3次口服。体温正常、全身毒性症状减轻、胸液明显减少时，即应逐渐关量以至停用。停药速度如果过快，容易出现反跳现象，一般疗程约4～6周。
\n二、脓胸
\n脓胸是指由各种病原微生物引起的胸膜腔感染性炎症，同时伴有外观混浊，具有脓样特性的胸腔渗出液。细菌是脓胸的最常见病原体。大部分细菌性脓胸多是因为细菌性胸膜炎没有得到有效控制。少部分脓胸由结核菌或真菌、放线菌、奴卡菌等诱发。临床中感染性胸腔积液中常见病原体为革兰阴性杆菌，金黄色葡萄球菌及肺炎球菌为次要病因。革兰阴性杆菌中以绿脓杆菌等假单胞菌及大肠杆菌较为常见。目前已经证实的是厌氧菌作为脓胸的常见病原体。肺炎并发的脓胸常为单一菌感染。肺脓肿或支气管扩张引发的脓胸，基本上表现为混合菌感染。使用免疫抑制剂的患者中，真菌及革兰阴性杆菌感染也最常见。
\n急性脓胸常患者多表现为高热、消耗状态、胸胀痛等症状。治疗原则是控制感染、引流胸腔积液及促使肺复张，恢复肺功能。 尽早应用有效抗菌药物，可以采取全身及胸腔内给药。引流是脓胸最基本的治疗方法，最好采取反复抽脓或闭式引流。采用2％碳酸氢钠或生理盐水反复冲洗胸腔，然后注入适量抗生素及链激酶，脓液变稀有助于脓液的引流。少数脓胸可采用肋间开水封瓶闭式引流。对有支气管胸膜瘘者不宜冲洗胸腔，避免引起细菌播散。
\n慢性脓胸有胸膜增厚、胸廓塌陷、慢性消耗、杵状指（趾）等表现，必要时可以考虑外科胸膜剥脱术等治疗。一般的支持治疗也非常重要，治疗时高能量、高蛋白及含维生素的食物有助于提高疗效。治疗过程中应注意纠正水电解质紊乱及维持酸碱平衡，必要时给予少量多次输血。
\n三 、恶性胸腔积液
\n恶性胸腔积液多为恶性肿瘤所引发，在晚期恶性肿瘤患者中经常看到，例如对肺癌患者而言，如果伴有胸腔积液就意味着已属晚期。鉴于其胸液生长迅速且持续存在，而大量积液的压迫引起严重呼吸困难，严重者可以导致死亡，故需反复胸腔穿刺抽液，但反复抽液可使蛋白丢失太多（1L胸液含蛋白40g）。虽然效果不理想。但及时进行合理有效治疗，对缓解症状、减轻痛苦、提高生存质量、延长生命也非常有帮助。
\n全身化疗对于部分小细胞肺癌所致胸腔积液有一定疗效。纵隔淋巴结如果转移可以进行局部放射治疗。在抽吸胸液后，胸腔内注入包括阿霉素、顺铂、氟尿嘧啶、丝裂霉素、硝卡芒芥、博来霉素等抗肿瘤药物，有助于杀伤肿瘤细胞、减缓胸液的产生。近年来，通过胸腔内注入生物免疫调节剂，也是治疗恶性胸腔积液较为成功的方法，可抑制恶性肿瘤细胞、增强淋巴细胞局部浸润及活性，并使胸膜粘连。为闭锁胸膜腔，可以采用胸腔插管将胸液引流完后，注入胸膜粘连剂，如四环素、红霉素、滑石粉，使两层胸膜发生粘连，避免胸液的再度形成，若同时注入少量利多卡因及地塞米松，可减轻疼痛及发热等不良反应。
\n上述多种治疗手段，对恶性胸腔积液的治疗效果并不乐观。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2211,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502172442189,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502172442189,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5503","isDel":0,"createAt":1502169952266,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"一文让你明白胸腔积液的原因及胸腔积液的症状","content":"
\n
许多病友会突感胸痛，不敢深呼吸，2天后疼痛好转，但有隐痛感，逐渐感到胸闷憋气，活动困难。X光片和B检查后多半显示胸腔积液。那么胸腔积液的原因及胸腔积液的症状有哪些呢
\n![\"胸腔积液的原因及胸腔积液的症状\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502170047166.jpg\" "\\"胸腔积液的原因及胸腔积液的症状\\"")
一、什么是胸腔积液？引起胸腔积液的原因有哪些
\n临床中，不管什么原因诱发的胸膜腔内出现过多的液体统一称作胸腔积液。临床上常见的胸腔积液有以下几种：
\n1、根据胸腔积液的特点分类，可分为漏出液、渗出液（浆液性或血性）、脓胸、血胸、乳糜胸。
\n2、根据引起胸腔积液的原因可以分为：
\n（1）感染性疾病：胸膜炎（结核病、各类感染）、膈下炎症 肺结核、各类肺感染 肺结核
\n（2）循环系统疾患、上腔静脉受阻、充血性心力衰竭、缩窄性心包炎
\n（3）肿瘤：恶性肿瘤、胸膜间皮瘤、
\n（4）肺梗死
\n（5）血管瘤破裂、肺梗死 胸导管受阻
\n（6）低蛋白血症 肾病综合征、肝硬化
\n（7）其他疾病 腹膜透析、粘液性水肿、药物过敏、放射反应 风湿热、系统性红斑狼疮、胸部手术后、气胸外伤、食管瘘、气胸、胸腔穿刺术后继发化脓性感染外伤、气胸（伴胸膜粘连带撕裂）外伤致胸导管破裂、丝虫病
\n![\"胸腔积液的原因及胸腔积液的症状\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502170517511.jpg\" "\\"胸腔积液的原因及胸腔积液的症状\\"")
临床中胸腔积液中渗出性胸膜炎最常见；结核病诱发的胸腔积液在中青年患者中常见。中老年胸腔积液（尤其是血性胸液）应慎重考虑恶性病变与恶性肿瘤（如肺癌、乳腺癌、淋巴瘤等）向胸膜或纵隔淋巴结转移。肿瘤累及胸膜，使其表面通透性增加，或淋巴引流受阻，或伴有阻塞性肺炎累及胸膜，均可引起渗出性胸腔积液。胸导管受阻而形成乳糜胸比较少见。如果心包受累也会产生心包积液，如果上腔静脉受阻，血管内静水压升高，或因恶性肿瘤所致营养不良低蛋白血症，胸腔积液可为漏出液。
\n![\"胸腔积液的原因及胸腔积液的症状\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502170451190.jpg\" "\\"胸腔积液的原因及胸腔积液的症状\\"")
二、胸腔积液的症状
\n年龄、病史、症状及体征对胸腔积液的诊断均有参考价值。结核性胸膜炎多发于青年人，常伴有发热；中年以上患者应警惕由肺癌引起的胸膜转移。炎性积液多为渗出性，常伴有胸痛及发热。由心力衰竭诱发胸腔积液为漏出液。肝脓肿所伴右侧胸腔积液表现为反应性胸膜炎，也可以是脓胸。积液量少于0.3L时症状多不明显；当超过0.5L时，患者渐有胸闷感。局部叩击表现为浊音，呼吸的声音减低。在积液量逐渐增多后，两层胸膜隔开，不再随呼吸摩擦，胸痛亦渐缓解，但呼吸困难程度明显加剧；大量积液时纵膈脏器受压，心慌及呼吸困难也更加明显。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":3482,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502169952268,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502169952268,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5502","isDel":0,"createAt":1502124500560,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"治打呼噜前，不妨先做做这些小评测","content":"
打呼噜对身体有着非常严重的危害，治打呼噜不妨做几个小测试，以便做到心中有数，这个小评测需要和您的配偶或家人一起试着回答下述问题，符合症状越多病情越严重：
\n![\"治打呼噜前，不妨先做做这些小评测\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502124896074.jpg\" "\\"治打呼噜前，不妨先做做这些小评测\\"")
您午休或晚上睡觉时经常打鼾吗？
\n您体重是多少，是否偏僻？体重是否有进行性增加的趋势？
\n鼻呼吸是否觉得费劲？鼻腔是否经验有阻塞感？
\n您是否经常失眠？
\n您是否有睡前饮酒习惯？
\n是否吸烟？烟龄及每天吸烟量？
\n是否经常服用抗过敏药或者安眠药及镇静药？
\n打鼾的声音很大吗？在另一间房间都可以听到吗？
\n打鼾时是有无间断一段时间，就象是呼吸停止了一样？
\n睡觉时经常张口呼吸吗？
\n睡眠时有无憋醒或发出很响的出气声？
\n是否采用仰姿睡觉？改变睡觉姿势后，打鼾能否得到缓解？
\n早上起床时是否感觉头痛、口干舌燥？
\n睡了一整夜后，醒来后有没有感到十分疲惫？
\n是否有高血压？如果有睡醒后血压是否更高？
\n白天有无嗜睡？有无坐着吃饭或看有趣的电视节目时睡着？工作甚至驾车时有无睡着过？
\n是否经常感到疲劳和睡眠不平稳？
\n有无注意力不易集中或有记忆力下降相关状况？
\n夜尿次数有无增多？
\n有无性欲减退？
\n是否存在脾气暴躁，性情改变的情形？
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1023","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1652,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502124500562,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502124500562,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5501","isDel":0,"createAt":1502121204087,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"专家为你解读为什么会打呼噜，让你明白打呼噜的危害有哪些","content":"
长期以来，人们一直认为认为打鼾是“正常”现象。其实打鼾可能是睡眠呼吸暂停的征兆，直接危害您的身体健康。下面通过专家解读为什么会打呼噜，让你明白打呼噜的危害有哪些
\n![\"专家为你解读为什么会打呼噜，让你明白打呼噜的危害有哪些\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502121975975.jpg\" "\\"专家为你解读为什么会打呼噜，让你明白打呼噜的危害有哪些\\"")
打鼾及睡眠呼吸暂停如何形成的呢？这是因为呼吸时，空气通过咽喉部进出肺部，在白天清醒时，这些组织周围的肌肉相对紧张而将咽部组织拉紧，不会阻塞气道。睡眠时，肌肉放松。如果咽部位置正常，气道可以保持通畅，允许气体自由进出。但咽部组织肥大或睡眠时肌肉过于松弛，气道部分就会狭窄。气流从鼻或口经过该狭窄部位时，咽部结构产生振动进而引起共振，产生鼾声。气道阻塞越重，打鼾越重。如果气道完全阻塞，气流完全无法进入肺部，此时就会出现呼吸暂停，导致缺氧。由于缺氧，大脑会将身体短暂唤醒到刚刚能够收紧咽部肌肉的程度，从而解除气道阻塞，伴随响亮的喘息声，呼吸恢复正常。该过程循环往复，睡眠变得很浅并且支离破碎，导致睡眠质量差，虽然你意识不到这些过程，但白天会感到十分疲劳。
\n充足的睡眠对人很重要，睡眠良好的人一般都有充足的慢波睡眠时相。而睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者由于夜间睡眠节律严重紊乱，即使一天有十几个小时都在睡觉，却仍然感到疲乏、嗜睡，极易导致交通事故、工作中发生操作性事故等一系列社会危害。由于长期缺氧，会使血氧浓度下降，血液粘稠度增加，肺部、心脏及其它身体器官会受到损害，导致其他疾病的发生：如高血压、冠心病、心律失常、肺心病、脑血管意外、内分泌紊乱及神经精神疾患等疾病，严重危害患者的身体健康，缩短患者的寿命并非空穴之言。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1765,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502121204089,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502121204089,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5500","isDel":0,"createAt":1502120038791,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"史上最全的打呼噜最佳治疗方法","content":"
打呼噜在林冲称为鼾症或睡眠呼吸暂停综合征，该疾病极少会自愈，但有效的治疗手段可以达到非常好的疗效目的。打呼噜最佳治疗方法及手段有哪些呢？前几年，比较认可通过外科手术是治疗睡眠呼吸暂停最有效的方法，但现在主流观点认为手术远期疗效并不乐观，无创的综合性治疗疗效更佳。不管您是否患有睡眠呼吸暂停，您都可以以下几种简单的方法来减轻您的打呼噜或睡眠呼吸暂停：
\n控制体重及减肥：打呼噜或者睡眠呼吸暂停易发与肥胖人群；而肥胖会加重打鼾。额外的组织会给肺部及颈部施加压力使呼吸道更为狭窄。因此减肥可明显减轻呼吸暂停的症状。节食与定时运动是控制体重的最佳方法。散步几乎对所有人都颇为有效的运动方法，也可以尝试少量、多次运动如步行上下楼梯等达到减肥的目的。
\n![\"打呼噜最佳治疗方法\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502120760818.jpg\" "\\"打呼噜最佳治疗方法\\"")
睡前避免饮酒及服用某些镇静药物：酒精和一些药物如镇静药、安眠药、抗过敏药会使呼吸变得浅慢，使肌肉更加松弛，使咽部组织更容易堵塞气道，加重打呼噜及睡眠呼吸暂停。
\n![\"打呼噜最佳治疗方法\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502120276923.jpg\" "\\"打呼噜最佳治疗方法\\"")
侧卧位睡眠：采取侧卧位睡眠，可以防止咽部组织和舌后坠堵塞气道，野可减轻腹部、胸部、颈部的额外组织造成的气道压力，因此采取侧卧位睡眠，有助于减轻打鼾症状甚至治疗睡眠呼吸暂停。在睡衣背面缝上一个兜，里面放上坚硬物品，如此睡衣睡觉，也可以采用垫一个充满泡沫塑料的背包或一个楔形枕头或一个小皮球睡觉，这样可以有效阻止仰睡。
\n![\"打呼噜最佳治疗方法\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502120305121.jpg\" "\\"打呼噜最佳治疗方法\\"")
戒烟及保持鼻部通畅：吸烟会刺激鼻腔，导致鼻腔及呼吸道慢性炎症，阻塞气道。如果你患有过敏性鼻炎、鼻息肉或其它造成鼻腔堵塞的疾病，对这些疾病进行有效治疗将大幅改善打鼾或睡眠呼吸暂停。
\n如果睡眠呼吸暂停病情较重，并且上述方法对于您症状的改善不明显，医可以使用牙托或持续正压通气治疗。
\n牙托治疗：夜晚戴在口中的牙托可能防止打鼾及治疗轻度睡眠呼吸暂停，或者作为持续正压通气治疗病情减轻后的一种辅助手段。如一般是在接受牙科医生的检查之后，进行试戴，一般需要多次调整才能获得最佳疗效。在试戴完成之后，应该再次睡眠呼吸监测以确保该装置佩戴合适、您的下颚及牙齿没有受到损害，确保病情没有恶化。
\n持续气道正压通气治疗： 这是目前治疗睡眠呼吸暂停最为有效的方法。这种方法是是将一个小型的空气压缩机通过软管与一个鼻面罩相连接。睡觉时，戴好面罩打开机器，设备就会送出一个柔和稳定的正压气流通过鼻腔进入咽部，气流的压力强制性地开放咽部的软组织，保持气道通畅。气流压力的大小是经过睡眠监测后由医生决定。
\n如果你的病情满足手术治疗的适应症，医生会建议您去作外科手术：
\n悬雍垂、腭咽成形术：这是外科治疗打鼾和睡眠呼吸暂停最常用的方法，此种手术包括切除悬雍垂、部分软腭以及扁桃体。在解决由于咽部结构堵塞气道而导致的打鼾比较成功，对睡眠呼吸暂停的疗效并不确定，这是因为咽部更靠后的组织也有堵塞气道的可能。手术需要在医院进行，需要麻醉，术后住院观察1－2天，比较严重的咽喉疼痛可能持续几周，这期间只能吃流质食物。完全康复通常需要一个月左右。
\n激光辅助悬雍垂－腭咽成形术：这是一种使用激光切除部分或者全部的悬雍垂及部分的软腭。这种手术可治疗打鼾，在某种程度上治疗轻度的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停。手术可在门诊进行，患者保持清醒状态，术后可能会有几天或一周的不适感觉。术日内只能吃流质食物。
\n其它可以改善打鼾及睡眠呼吸暂停的外科手术有：
\n鼻手术切除鼻息肉或矫正偏曲的鼻中隔；
\n手术切除肿大的扁桃体及腺样体；
\n下颚手术使下颚及舌前突，扩大气道；
\n气管切开术：如果患有严重的、危及生命的睡眠呼吸暂停，或其它治疗均告失败就需要进行气管切开术。一般在颈部的气管上做一切口，白天加以遮盖，夜间打开，这样空气直接进出肺部。
\n对睡眠呼吸暂停的有效治疗可以使您和您的家人获得高质量的睡眠，让您在白天精神焕发、精力充沛，并可消除或减少低氧血症所导致的多器官功能损害及其并发症，增进健康，延长寿命。
\n","barId":"1697","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1684,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502120038928,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502120038928,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5499","isDel":0,"createAt":1502091614630,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘的家庭护理，支气管哮喘病人的护理也适用哦","content":"
儿童哮喘与支气管哮喘病人的正规治疗非常实用，但是在接受正规治疗的同时，采取恰当的家庭护理措施对治疗的效果起着非常重要作用，这是相关专家总结的儿童哮喘的家庭护理措施，支气管哮喘病人的护理也适用哦！
\n![\"儿童哮喘的家庭护理，支气管哮喘病人的护理\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502091911189.jpg\" "\\"儿童哮喘的家庭护理，支气管哮喘病人的护理\\"")
１．保持居室空气流畅，阳光充足。冬要暖，夏要凉，并且通风效果好。避免接触特殊气味。
\n２．饮食尽量偏清淡，富有营养也很重要，尽量避免食用生冷油腻辛辣酸甜以及海鲜鱼虾等容易过敏的食物。
\n３．对待儿童患者，家长要多注意患者心率、脉象的变化，预防哮喘大发作的发生。
\n４．儿童哮喘与支气管哮喘病人应当进行适当的体育锻炼，可以选择游泳、气功、太极拳、散步、慢跑、医疗体操等运动。其中以游泳最佳。尽量避免避免剧烈运动。
\n５．远离过敏原和或其他诱因，当病人已知有明确的过敏原时，一定要远离过敏原。气候变化，肺部感染等诱因也需要预防。
\n６．儿童哮喘与支气管哮喘病人保持精神愉快心境平和，情绪稳定。树立战胜哮喘的信心对治疗效果有着相当大的影响，避免产生紧张情绪，克服自卑心理，积极配合各种治疗。
\n７．儿童哮喘与支气管哮喘病人可以根据自身情况采取中药、针灸、按摩、敷贴等方法进行适当治疗。
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【大病前8个征兆 治病不如防病】 在日常生活中，呼吸困难、起夜频繁、胀气……等等小毛病，经常被忽视，但是确实身体发出的“大修”信号，因此了解知识提前预防就显得非常重要了。英国《每日邮报》刊登多名专家制定的8个“健康自测题”，帮你判断身体现状。
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【一盘蚊香相当于连抽数包烟？实验亲测：点一小时盘蚊香PM2.5爆表！】每到蚊虫出没的夏季，关于蚊香的传闻也随之而来，一盘蚊香相当于连抽数包烟？蚊香中含致癌物？对此，权威人士进行了一次试验，发现燃烧盘蚊香一小时PM2.5数值爆表！
\n![\"timg.jpg\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497107145405.jpg\" "\\"1497107145405.jpg\\"")
对此，看相关网友有何绝招：
\n时间你快些走：蚊子并没有死，只是晕了，新鲜空气进房间它又能飞了。最好的办法是，挂蚊帐。
\n小宇-Yu-Yu：有電蚊拍可以用，很好用，蚊子馬上被電死。
\n街子-jezi：好实验[good]点蚊香的正确姿势：睡前半小时关门闭户点燃，进去睡时熄灭蚊香
\n\n
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闻到油烟或饮酒会引起咳嗽，其它一切正常。
\n医生说按肺结核治疗，但又不排除肺炎
\n按肺结核治疗又不排除肺炎什么意思，这玩意可咋整
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\n怎么才能控制作住体温
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