![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947528621.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
血清甘油三酯的正常是多少？甘油三酯偏高的危害有哪些
","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1270,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1532416164303,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1532416743626,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"ea19ce688f0711e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1532412478988,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"祝早日康复","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"祝早日康复","realName":null,"signName":"祝早日康复","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1532738910857.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":5,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110104","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5491","isDel":0,"createAt":1501946840550,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图","content":"冠脉介入手术介入治疗，是指经心导管技术疏通狭窄甚至闭塞的冠状动脉管腔，以达到改善心肌的血流灌注目的的治疗方法。在临床中，根据穿刺部位的不同，分为以下两种路径：
\n1、股动脉路径：因为股动脉较粗大，因此穿刺的成功率也略高。但是存在术后卧床时间长、并发症的发生率较高等缺点，比如：出血、血肿、假性动脉瘤、动静脉瘘和腹膜后血肿等。
\n2、桡动脉路径：改路径具有术后压迫时间短，不需卧床，患者痛苦也比股动脉路径轻，并且具有并发症少的优势，目前已逐渐成为冠脉介入手术治疗的首选路径
\n我们可以通过以下几张图来做以大概了解：
\n动脉导管途径：
\n\n
\n
心脏血管狭窄部位和X线显像：
![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947482179.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
球囊进入狭窄部位和球囊扩张：
\n![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947228132.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
支架进入及释放过程：
\n![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947023285.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
造影剂显像确认冠脉处理效果：
\n![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947355539.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
\n
","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2632,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1501946840552,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1501946840552,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5490","isDel":0,"createAt":1501945830826,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"别担心，专家告诉你：什么事冠脉造影、 冠脉造影有风险吗","content":"
什么是冠脉造影？首先冠状动脉负责心肌血液的血管，分为左，右2支，按左右分别开口于主动脉根部的左，右主动脉窦内，开始向心脏表面延伸并不断产生分支进入心脏。血液、血管壁是不透光的，与心脏重叠，所以血管腔内如有粥样斑块或狭窄时，普通X光无法显示。冠脉造影利用特制定型的心导管，在注射显影剂的同时行X光电影摄像，这样就可清楚地将整个左或右冠状动脉的主干及其分支的血管腔显示出来，以此了解血管有无狭窄病灶存在，对病变部位，范围，严重程度，血管壁的情况等作出明确诊断，制定治疗方案，判断疗效。这是一种较为安全可靠的有创诊断技术，集诊断和治疗于一体。
\n![\"别担心，专家告诉你：什么事冠脉造影、](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501946345402.jpg\" "\\"别担心，专家告诉你：什么事冠脉造影、")
冠脉造影术在局麻下进行，因为血管及心脏内均无感觉神经，病人在血管穿刺时会感到轻微疼痛，其余无明显不适。术后需平卧18-24小时，部分患者可伴有腰背酸痛不适，起床活动后症状消失。任何手术均有发生并发症的可能，因此术前要求病人履行签字手续。冠脉造影并发症发生率0.2%~0.9%，是风险极小、相对安全、几乎无痛苦的手术。目前协和医院心内科90%以上的患者可以经桡动脉造影,经桡动脉行冠脉介入治疗手术的患者术后立即拔除动脉鞘管，桡动脉压迫、加压固定4-6小时即可。术后均可即刻随意下地活动。目前冠脉内超声显像技术及光学干涉成像技术在临床广泛应用，部分在冠脉造影中显示正常的血管内超声显像可发现内膜增厚或斑块存在，所以冠脉内超声显像及OCT比冠脉造影更为敏感，检查费也更昂贵，除非临床高度怀疑有冠心病（有众多危险因素、典型症状，心电图有异常改变）而冠脉造影正常者，才考虑上述检查。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1931,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1501945830828,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1501945830828,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5489","isDel":0,"createAt":1501902420926,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"冠状动脉支架价格知多少","content":"
在临床中，许多病友都会关心一个问题：冠状动脉支架价格大概多钱收？心脏支架手术费用全部下来多少去吗？我们普通老百姓冠状动脉支架手术费用能负担的起吗？在了解这些相关费用之前，不妨来看看整个冠状动脉支架手术费用究竟使用在什么地方？
\n![\"冠状动脉支架价格知多少\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501902794850.jpg\" "\\"冠状动脉支架价格知多少\\"")
对于冠心病、心脏病的支架手术，通常是在桡动脉或股动脉进行穿刺，穿刺的目的是送入动脉鞘管作为手术路径。鞘管可以理解为一个阀门，可以送入器械，但血液流不出来。在手术结束后拔除鞘管即可，压迫止血或使用血管闭合器。
\n冠状动脉支架手术前必须完成冠状动脉造影检查，通过该项检查来了解冠状动脉解剖结构和冠状动脉病变的部位和严重程度。冠脉造影这部分费用大概是三千到四千元，不同级别的医院收费也不等。
\n![\"冠状动脉支架价格知多少\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501902964387.jpg\" "\\"冠状动脉支架价格知多少\\"")
冠状动脉支架手术，需要将导引导管放在冠状动脉开口部，再将特制的导引导丝送到拟治疗的靶血管的远端，然后沿导丝把预扩张球囊导管送到病变处进行预扩张，以此来进行支架精确定位、扩张、释放，最后再用后扩张球囊导管进行后扩张让支架充分膨胀并紧紧贴在血管壁上，不留缝隙。
\n冠状动脉支架在未释放之前是固定在球囊导管上的，释放之后犹如一个紧贴血管壁的小弹簧圈一般不会发生弹性回缩。
\n![\"冠状动脉支架价格知多少\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501902590273.jpg\" "\\"冠状动脉支架价格知多少\\"")
冠状动脉支架手术所用的支架的材料可分为医用不锈钢、镍铬或铂铬合金等等， 现在支架绝大部分是药物涂层支架。冠状动脉支架手术的费用因置入支架材料、支架数量以及辅助器械的用量不同而不同。
\n对一些特殊患者，可能还需要做血管内超声、光学相干断层扫描、冠脉血流储备分数等相关检查，以精确了解病变性质和特点，以此来确定最优化的手术方案。特别是重度钙化的病变，还要提前进行冠状动脉旋磨术，才能置入支架。旋磨术也会产生一笔不菲的费用。
\n旋磨术手术中的支架除了材料差异外，还有国产进口之分，价格相差较大。国产的药物涂层支架单价约8000-12000元，进口药物涂层支架单价大约15000-16000元。
\n手术中所需支架数量，主要视病情来决定，因此整个冠状动脉支架手术费用，主要由支架类型及数量来确定，通常情况下一枚国产支架总的手术费用大概2万5千-3万元，植入二枚国产支架的总手术费用约3万-3万5千；植入一枚进口支架总的费用大概3万5千到4万，二个进口支架手术费用大约需4万5千到5万。因此心脏支架手术的费用一般在3-6万元之间，其中主要的花费就是消耗的心脏支架和球囊导管的材料费用。
\n部分冠心病患者是严重三支血管病变，需分次心脏介入手术，使用的支架数量多，全部的手术费用相当昂贵。如果需要植入的支架数量在三枚以上，从治疗效果和经济费用上看，应选择冠脉搭桥手术更为划算。
\n重点提示：
\n冠状动脉支架手术后仍然离不开长期的规则药物治疗，积极控制各种致病因素（如高血压、高血脂、高血糖等），另外也需要改进饮食和生活习惯，增加体力活动或锻炼。不然在数年之后，又会产生新的病变，或原病变再生重新堵塞血管，这样就需要重新进行心脏支架手术了，届时费用无疑更加庞大。
\n目前支架、球囊导管等手术耗材都已纳入医保报销范围。植入性材料3万以内可以医保报销，超过部分完全自费，球囊导管和其他的辅助材料不能超过4万。如此计算，参加医保的个人需要支付的费用大概在1万到2万之间，作为患者或者家属要在术前，根据病情的需要，结合自身经济承受能力，选择最佳的治疗方案。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1971,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1501902420928,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1501902420928,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5488","isDel":0,"createAt":1501897385662,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"专家为您解说：做射频消融术有危险吗，射频消融术治疗的适应症范围","content":"
许多病友在听说要接受射频消融术时的第一反应就是：做射频消融术有危险吗，我的病情是在射频消融术治疗的适应症范围之内吗？别着急，且听专家来为您一一解答：
\n射频消融术的技术特点来看做射频消融术有危险吗
\n射频消融术的治疗，是通过血管穿刺，将电极导管送到心脏腔内特定部位，寻找导致心脏异常的传导路径，或者异位起搏点的位置，目前的医学技术已经可以实现精细标测，在准确定位后进行放电消融。一般情况下，只要早搏次数大于1万，并且病变位置比较适合导管操作的情况下，就可以选择射频消融术治疗。
\n![\"做射频消融术有危险吗，射频消融术治疗的适应症范围\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501897672757.jpg\" "\\"做射频消融术有危险吗，射频消融术治疗的适应症范围\\"")
如果有心律失常可能会持续存在很长时间，例如早搏，多数会存在七八年，甚至十余年，预激综合征将终生存在。严重的心律失常发作时，患者活动受限、生活质量差，如果反复发作，长时间以后会造成心脏扩大、心功能下降比较严重，因此应该尽早接受射频消融术治疗。
\n而有些患者心律失常，如早搏，通过药物治疗也不能有效缩短病程，只是缓解症状。是药三分毒，长期的用药，对患者而言也得不偿失。因此，只有当心律失常影响到患者的生活质量、身体状况时，才用药治疗，在合适的情况下也可采用射频消融术进行治疗。
\n综上所述做射频消融术的风险系数还是非常低的。
\n![\"做射频消融术有危险吗，射频消融术治疗的适应症范围\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501897847598.JPG\" "\\"做射频消融术有危险吗，射频消融术治疗的适应症范围\\"")
射频消融术的适应症
\n1.房室折返型心动过速 即显性和隐匿性预激综合征。房室间存在着先天性的“旁路”，通过导管射频把旁路“切断”，心动过速或预激波就永远不再发生了。
\n2.房室结折返型心动过速 房室结形成所谓“双径路”，从而导致小电流在适宜条件下，会在两条径路形成的折返环中快速运行，这就引起所谓的心动过速。通过射频消融术把慢径消掉，只保留快径，达到心动过速不会再犯的目的。
\n3.心房扑动 心房扑动是指在心房里有一个大的环路(通常是右心房)，微小电流在此环路上不停地转圈，心房可跳至300次/分，正常情况的心室一般多为150次/分。射频消融术可以破坏右房狭部造成环路的双向电流阻滞，从而达到根治房扑的目的。
\n4.房性心动过速(房速) 房速是指在左心房或右心房的某一局部有异常快速发放电流的“兴奋点”或者在心房内有小的折返运动。经电生理检查可以标测到异位“兴奋点”，或折返环的部位，通过射频消融术就可得到根治的目的。
\n5.心房颤动(房颤) 房颤是一种十分常见的心律失常。最新的研究已经揭示：房颤的触发是因为与心房相连的大静脉上的“心肌袖”发放快速电冲动；另外，房颤持续与心房肌自身重构有一定得相关性。采用导管电极在环肺静脉口进行射频消融术，从而达到大静脉与心房的“电隔离”效果，或加上在心房内的某些线形消融，也可以达到根治房颤的目的。
\n6.室性早搏 主要用于临床症状明显的单源性的频发室性早搏。室性早搏多数是由于位于一侧心室流出道的单个“兴奋灶”引起。当标测到异位兴奋灶即刻进行射频消融术，如果室性早搏消失说明消融成功。
\n7.特发性室性心动过速 多见于心脏结构和功能正常的人群，并没有器质性心脏病的证据。该疾病的发生是由在心脏右或左心室流出道及左心室间隔上的一个“兴奋灶”快速发放微小电流，形成室性心动过速。射频消融术时找到“兴奋灶”所在地，把它消灭掉，室速就不能再发作了。
\n8.束支折返性室性心动过速 在临床上多发于有器质性心脏病的患者。病人在发作之时，多伴有晕厥、抽搐的症状，必须进行紧急抢救。该类型的心动过速多是因为微小电流在左、右束支及左、右心室之间转圈。导管电极在找到右束支以后，发放电流把它阻断，从而阻断该环路，实现心动过速不再发生的目的。导管射频消融术可以根治这一心动过速，但不能根治心脏病。如果消融不成功或室速有生命危险，就需要植入埋藏式除颤器 。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1901,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1501897385664,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1501897385664,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5487","isDel":0,"createAt":1501894339412,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程","content":"
许多患者朋友在听到需要做射频消融术进行治疗的时候就蒙了，对什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程，射频消融术都治疗哪些疾病没有一点概念，相信您看完本篇文章会有非常大的收获！
\n![\"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501894725232.JPG\" "\\"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程\\"")
什么是射频消融术
\n射频消融术是利用电极导管在心腔内某一部位释放射频电流，从而将导致局部心内膜及心内膜下心肌达到凝固性坏死，以此实现将破坏某些快速心律失常起源点的介入性技术。
\n![\"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501895278510.jpg\" "\\"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程\\"")
射频消融术手术过程
\n射频消融术通常在局麻下进行，将3～4根电极导管经股静脉、锁骨下静脉送入冠状静脉窦、高位右心房及希氏束、右心室等部位，刺激心房和心室诱发与临床一致的心动过速，定位心动过速起源点，在准确定位后，将消融用的电极导管送到提前预定好的起源点，并与体外的射频发生器相连。然后进行放电，在治疗后后重复进行电生理检查，如果不能诱发心动过速并且在临床随访中没有再次发作，说明消融成功。
\n![\"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501894944875.jpg\" "\\"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程\\"")
射频消融术可以治疗的疾病
\n预激综合征和房室结双经路引起的阵发性室上性心动过速、房扑和房颤、室性心动过速及房性心动过速。其中射频消融术在治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的治疗有效率可达90％以上，室性心动过速的治愈率约在50％左右。对于房性心动过速、房扑及房颤这类疾病，射频消融术目前仍处于临床试验阶段。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2031,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1501894339414,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1501894339414,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5443","isDel":0,"createAt":1500811878567,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"运动平板心电图（运动负荷试验）检查的意义与诊断标准","content":"
运动平板心电图试验是心电图负荷试验中最常用的一种检查方法，也称作运动负荷试验，是诊断冠心病最常用的一种手段。许多冠心病患者，尽管冠状动脉扩张的最大储备能力已下降，通常静息时冠状动脉血流量尚可维持正常，而无心肌缺血现象，心电图可以完全正常。为揭示已减少或相对固定的冠状动脉血流量，可通过运动或其它方法给心脏以负荷，增加心肌耗氧量，以此来诱发心肌缺血，从而对心肌缺血作出诊断。在临床中多采用运动平板试验。优点是患者在运动中就可以观察到心电图的变化，运动量可按预计目标逐步增加。在临床中对缺血性心脏病的价值如下：
\n1、协助确诊冠心病，并对无症状者筛选有无隐性冠心病。
\n2、估计冠状动脉狭窄的严重程度，筛选高危病人以便进行手术治疗。
\n3、测定冠心病病人心脏功能和运动耐量，以便客观地安排病人的活动范围和劳动强度，为康复锻炼提供可靠的依据。
\n4、观察并评价冠心病患者治疗(药物或手术)的效果。
\n![\"运动平板心电图（运动负荷试验）检查的意义与诊断标准\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500812762929.jpg\" "\\"运动平板心电图（运动负荷试验）检查的意义与诊断标准\\"")
目前国内外常用的是以达到按年龄预计可达到的最大心率（HRmax）或亚极量心率（85%-90%的最大心率）为负荷目标，前者称为极量运动试验，后者称为亚极量运动试验。运动中持续监测心电改变，运动前、运动中每当运动负荷量增加一次均记录心电图，运动终止后即刻及此后每2分钟均应重复心电图记录直至心率恢复至运动前水平。进行心电图记录时也需要同步测量血压。
\n运动平板心电图试验的判定标准：
\n阳性标准：运动中出现典型心绞痛，心电图改变主要以ST段水平型或下楔形压低大于等于0.1mV（J点后60-80ms）持续2分钟为运动试验阳性标准。
\n值得注意的是：平板运动试验要求患者慢跑数分钟，对于下肢关节活动不便的老年患者而言，并不适合做此项检查。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":3535,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500811878569,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500811878569,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5442","isDel":0,"createAt":1500810904535,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"几句话告诉你：经食道超声心动图检查什么，经食道超声心动图禁忌症又有哪些","content":"
经食道超声心动图的适应症
\n各种心血管疾病经胸超声心动图检查图像不清晰、深部结构不易观察而诊断不明确者均可进行食道超声心动图检查，该项检查的主要适应症包括以下几方面：
\n1. 二尖瓣、三尖瓣与主动脉瓣疾病。
\n2. 人工瓣膜机能障碍。
\n3. 感染性心内膜炎。
\n4. 主动脉扩张及主动脉夹层。
\n5. 冠状动脉-静脉瘘与Valsalva窦膨出。
\n6. 先天性心脏病如房、室间隔缺损、Fallot四联症或右室流出道及肺动脉干狭窄。
\n7. 心脏内肿物及血栓形成。
\n8. 心脏手术监护。
\n![\"几句话告诉你：经食道超声心动图检查什么，经食道超声心动图禁忌症又有哪些\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500811216377.jpg\" "\\"几句话告诉你：经食道超声心动图检查什么，经食道超声心动图禁忌症又有哪些\\"")
经食道超声心动图禁忌症：
\n1. 严重心律失常。
\n2. 严重心功能衰竭。
\n3. 体质极度虚弱。
\n4. 持续高热不退。
\n5. 食管静脉曲张、食管狭窄或炎症者。
\n6. 剧烈胸痛、胸闷或咳嗽不能缓解者。
\n7. 血压过高或过低者。
\n8. 急性心肌梗死期。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2080,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500810904537,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500810904537,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5441","isDel":0,"createAt":1500810668639,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"专家告诉你心脏彩超能检查出什么以及心脏彩超正常值","content":"
心脏彩超是唯一能动态显示心腔内结构、心脏的搏动和血液流动的仪器，对人体没有任何损伤。心脏彩超探头就像摄像机的镜头，随着探头的转动，心脏的各个结构清晰地显示在屏幕上。比如先天性心脏病，其总数不下于100种的畸形都能用心脏彩超显示出来。我们能在屏幕上看到残留的孔洞以及通过该孔的血流；能看到瓣膜的增厚、开口减小及通过该瓣口的高速血流；能看到心脏结构左、右及前、后位置上的变化，以及由此造成的血流路径的改变；能看到异常位置的心脏伴发的各种畸形。
\n心脏彩超能检查出什么？看看你是不是属于下面七点之一
\n1、判断心脏的位置以及心脏与内脏的位置关系。
\n2、检出心脏结构异常。判断心脏各房室腔大小，室间隔和室壁厚度，室壁整体运动和节段性运动，瓣膜功能，间隔缺损的部位和大小、流出道、大动脉、体（肺）静脉，心肌病变、心内异常结构如肿瘤、赘生物和血栓以及四周血管病变等。
\n3、检出心脏结构关系的异常。判断心房排列关系、心房与心室、心室与动脉的连接关系、体静脉回流、肺静脉回流以及冠状动脉发育和起源异常。
\n4、评价心脏血流动力学变化，多普勒常规测量各瓣口流速和压差，判断心血管内异常血流部位和起源，定量或半定量分流、流出道狭窄、瓣膜狭窄和反流等异常血流的流速、压差及流量等。
\n5、检出心包疾患。定位和半定量评价心包积液，指导心包积液穿刺，评价药物疗效。判断缩窄性心包 炎、心包填塞和心包肿瘤等。
\n6、评价心脏手术及介入治疗后心脏结构的恢复情况和血流动力学的转归。
\n7、评价心脏功能。常规应用二维和（或）M型超声测定心脏收缩功能，也可用多普勒超声评价心脏的收缩和舒张功能；心包肿瘤 。
\n心脏彩超各项指标正常值，您可一一相对，也可以找专家咨询检查结果。
\n内径(mm)部位名称厚度（mm）
\n左房LA〈35室间隔IVS<12
\n左室LV〈55左室后壁LVPW<12
\n升主动脉AO〈35右室壁<3-4
\n主肺动脉PA〈30左室壁<9-12
\n右房RA〈40×35右室<25
\n左室流出道18-40右室流出道18-35
\n部位分度瓣口面积(cm2)
\n二尖瓣狭窄最轻：≤2.5轻度：2.0-2.4
\n轻-中度：1.5-1.9中度：1.0-1.4
\n重度：0.6-1.0最重度：<0.5
\n主动脉瓣狭窄轻度：1.6-1.1压差：20-50mmHg
\n中度：1.0-0.75压差：20-50mmHg
\n重度：<0.75压差：50-150mmHg
\n肺动脉高压正常：15-30mmHg
\n轻度：30-50mmHg
\n中度：50-70mmHg
\n重度：>70mmHg
\n左室功能（LVEF）
\n正常：>50％
\n轻度降低：40％-50％
\n中度降低：30％-40％重度降低：<30％
\n左室充盈功能
\n左室等容舒张时间：（IVRT）<40岁69±12ms>40岁76±13ms
\nE波减速时间：（EDT）199±32ms
\nA峰E峰流速比值：E／A>1
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1761,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500810668641,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500810668641,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5440","isDel":0,"createAt":1500809934980,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"心脏起搏器适用人群及植入过程","content":"
心脏起搏器适用以下人群：
\n严重的心跳过慢。心脏停跳3秒以上或心率经常低于40次，如果出现眼前发黑、突然晕倒的患者更应引起重视，应该植入起搏器。这也是起搏器最主要和最初的治疗范畴。
\n![\"心脏起搏器适用人群及植入过程\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500810044006.JPEG\" "\\"心脏起搏器适用人群及植入过程\\"")
心脏收缩无力。疾病若破坏了心肌，或改变了其原有形态，会导致心肌无法有力收缩。心脏收缩功能下降就会引起心脏泵血不足，身体各部分无法获得充足的新鲜血液，造成头晕、胸闷、乏力等各种症状。如药物治疗无效的充血性心力衰竭、严重肥厚性梗阻型心肌病，可以在心脏各部分安装多个起搏器，同步产生多个电刺激命令，帮助心肌收缩。
\n心跳骤停。心脏停止跳动数分钟就能致死，一些疾病可引发心跳骤停或致命性恶性室性心律失常（如快速室性心动过速、心室颤动），可以安装具有除颤器功能的起搏器，能恢复心脏有规律的跳动。
\n在某些心脏病综合治疗中（颈动脉窦高敏综合征、血管迷走性晕厥、特发性Q—T延长综合征、预防快速房性心律失常等），起搏器还是不可或缺或唯一的治疗手段。
\n心脏起搏器安装过程：
\n起搏器安装手术非常简单，已经常规化。心脏起搏器的安装由心内科医生进行，局麻下即可安装。方法是，将电极导线从手臂或锁骨下方的静脉插入，借助X线，将其插入预定的心腔起搏位置，固定并检测是否正常工作。在胸部埋入与电极导线相连接的起搏器，缝合皮肤，手术即可完成。
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常用的心脏起搏器分类,适合自己病情的才是真正的好
\n1、心房按需型：电极置于心房。起搏器按规定的周长或频率发放脉冲起搏心房，并下传激动心室，以保持心房和心室的顺序收缩。如果有自身的心房搏动，起搏器能感知自身的P波，起抑制反应，并重整脉冲发放周期，避免心房节律竞争。
\n2、心室按需型：电极置于心室。起搏器按规定的周长或频率发放脉冲起搏心室，如果有自身的心搏，起搏器能感知自身心搏的QRS波，起抑制反应，并重整脉冲发放周期，避免心律竞争。但这型起搏器只保证心室起搏节律，而不能兼顾保持心房与心室收缩的同步、顺序、协调，因而是非生理性的。
\n3、双腔起搏器：心房和心室都放置电极。如果自身心率慢于起搏器的低限频率，导致心室传导功能有障碍，则起搏器感知P波触发心室起搏（呈VDD工作方式）。如果心房（P）的自身频率过缓，但房室传导功能是好的，则起搏器起搏心房，并下传心室（呈AAI工作方式）。这种双腔起搏器的逻辑，总能保持心房和心室得到同步、顺序、协调的收缩。如果只需采用VDD工作方式，可用单导线VDD起搏器，比放置心房和心室两根导线方便得多。
\n![\"常用的心脏起搏器分类\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500809777124.jpg\" "\\"常用的心脏起搏器分类\\"")
4、频率自适应（R）起搏器：本型起搏器的起搏频率能根据机体对心排血量（即对需氧量）的要求而自动调节适应，起搏频率加快，则心排血量相应增加，满足机体生理需要。目前使用的频率自适应起搏器，多数是体动型的，也有一部分是每分钟通气量型的。具有频率自适应的VVI起搏器，称为VVIR型；具有频率自适应的AAI起搏器，称为AAIR型；具有频率自适应的DDD起搏器，称为DDDR型。以上心房按需起搏器、双腔起搏器、频率自适应起搏器都属于生理性起搏器。
\n5、起搏器的程序控制功能：指埋藏在体内的起搏器，可以在体外用程序控制器改变其工作方式及工作参数。埋植起搏器后，可以根据机体的具体情况，规定一套最适合的工作方式和工作参数，使起搏器发挥最好的效能，资金节省上能而保持最长的使用寿限，有些情况下还可无创性地排除一些故障，程控功能的扩展，可使起搏器具有贮存资料、监测心律、施行电生理检查的功能。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1571,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500809461148,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500809461148,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5438","isDel":0,"createAt":1500738671757,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"简单几句话让你明白心脏起搏器原理","content":"
心脏起搏器原理简单的相容来说就是一个人工的“司令部”，它的主要作用就是替代心脏的起搏点，使心脏有节律地跳动起来。心脏起搏器是由电池和电路组成的脉冲发生器组成，能定时发放一定频率的脉冲电流，通过起搏电极导线传输到心房或心室肌，使局部的心肌细胞受到刺激而兴奋，兴奋通过细胞间的传导扩散传布，导致整个心房和（或）心室的收缩。心脏的电信号使它跳动。当运行时，心脏跳动加速；当睡眠时，心脏跳动减慢。如果心电系统异常，心脏跳得很慢，甚至可能完全停止。人工心脏起膊器发出有规律的电脉冲，能使心脏保持跳动。
\n![\"简单几句话让你明白心脏起搏器原理\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500739398481.JPEG\" "\\"简单几句话让你明白心脏起搏器原理\\"")
早期的人工心脏起搏器的电池部分装在身体的外部，导线从体外通过静脉到达心脏。患者只能在医院内短期使用。后来，鲁内•埃尔姆奎斯特在1958年制作了一个放在体内起搏器，锌一汞电波埋在皮下。1960年，瑞典医生奥克•森宁为一位病人植入了这种起搏器。电池一直使用了2---3年才更换。在20世纪80年代，起搏器上增加了微处理器。只有在感觉需要起搏器时，病人才启动它。今天的起搏器就更复杂了，起搏器可根据血液的湿度来调节心跳。1988年，一位病人安装了一个核动力起搏器。这个起搏器使用了微量的钚，可以持续应用20年。从这心脏起搏器的发展之路就可以看出，心脏起搏器已经越来越智能，更换电池时间越来越久。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1353,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500738671759,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500738671759,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5437","isDel":0,"createAt":1500737537804,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"心脏起搏器术后康复期的护理注意事项","content":"
心脏起搏器术后康复期的护理注意事项：
\n1、安装起搏器术后患者的头晕乏力等症状会大为改善，但如果术后持续出现头晕乏力等症状，尤其是心室起搏患者，应到医院检查是否发生了人工起搏器综合征。一旦确诊症状明显则需要更换心房同步或房室顺序起搏器。
\n2、安置起搏器后是否应该继续服药与患者原有病情相关。起搏器只能解决心脏传导上的问题，如果原来心功能较差或伴有其他的心脏疾患，仍应根据病情坚持服药，这样可以有效地维护心功能，降低起搏器本身对心功能的影响。
\n3、术后早期进行肢体功能锻炼有利于局部血液循环及切口愈合。早期可能会有疼痛感，这属正常现象，在出院后仍应坚持下去。锻炼应循序渐进，不可操之过急，逐渐加大幅度做抬臂，扩胸或“爬墙”等运动，直到手臂可举过头顶摸到对侧耳垂，尽早恢复正常肢体功能，是提高患者术后生活质量的保证。
\n![\"心脏起搏器术后康复期的护理注意事项\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500737825544.JPEG\" "\\"心脏起搏器术后康复期的护理注意事项\\"")
4、患者出院后起搏器的工作已趋向稳定，有些病人会担心起搏器会突然故障或停止工作，但是只要理解电池内的电是不可能突然用空的，它只会慢慢消耗。因此心脏决不会突然停搏。偶尔也会发生一些意外情况，当患者无意中进入了高压电磁场或不小心超越了手提电话与起搏器的安全距离时，患者就可能出现一些全身异样的感觉。严重情况下可能会引起心律失常。此时患者不必惊慌，只要离开现场,起搏器就会很快恢复正常。如果起搏器遭到严重的撞击，或肢体过度负重时，起搏器会出现工作异常，甚至导线断离。此时患者可有不同程度的不适感。严重的起搏器依赖患者可能会重新出现黑蒙、眩晕等症状，自测脉搏会发现心率减慢至正常以下。此时应立即停止活动，将患侧肢体制动，并携带好起搏器卡（上面记载着起搏器的植入时间，类型等重要资料），尽快赶到医院，接受医生检查。
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心脏起搏器安装前注意事项：
\n1、健康史：了解病人的发病情况及以往的诊治过程。
\n1）、一般资料：年龄、性别、身高、体重、发育、饮食习惯及营养状况
\n2）、家族史：家族中有无患心脏病的病人。
\n3）、既往史、药物史：有无其他疾病及药物过敏史。
\n2、患者身体状况：了解疾病的特点、类型、重要脏器的功能等，确定病人需要安装起搏器的类型。
\n1）、心脏和全身症状：如病人的心率、心律、体温情况及活动耐受情况和自理能力等。
\n2）、辅助检查：心电图、心脏多普勒检查、血常规及出凝血时间。
\n3）、心理及社会支持情况：由于起搏器价格高，患者家属对手术的支持程度、病人的心理状态，以及对术后康复知识的了解和掌握程度非常重要。
\n![\"心脏起搏器安装前需注意事项与术后短期的注意事项\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500736854001.jpg\" "\\"心脏起搏器安装前需注意事项与术后短期的注意事项\\"")
心脏起搏器术后短期内注意事项：
\n1、术后24小时内绝对卧床，取平卧位或低坡卧位，禁止翻身，术后第2天可适当术侧卧位。术后1周内术侧肢体制动，并加强观察心律变化。在术后恢复期进行肢体功能锻炼时要遵循循序渐进的原则，患侧肢体避免做剧烈重复的甩手动作、大幅度地外展、上抬及患侧肩部负重、从高处往下跳。如果出现肩部肌肉抽动，可能是导线脱离，应立即到医院检查。
\n2、术后早期应保持局部敷料清洁干燥，如有敷料碰湿或脱落要及时更换。在拆线后仍要保持局部皮肤清洁，尽量避免穿过紧的内衣，若术后出现局部红肿痛，甚至皮肤溃烂，及时到医院进行处理。若同时伴有发热等全身症状，则要考虑感染的可能，及时到医院检查治疗。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1824,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500736191719,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500736191719,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5435","isDel":0,"createAt":1500694286235,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"冠心病是怎么引起的？快来看看这些危险因素你占了几个","content":"
目前的研究已经发现很多因素可以引起冠心病,这些病因又称作高危因素。那么冠心病是怎么引起的？高危因素有哪些呢？相信您看完本片文章，会有颇多收货：
\n冠心病的高危因素主要包括以下几方面：年龄、性别、家族史〔遗传因素〕、高血压、吸烟、高脂血症等。在上述因素中因素中高血压、吸烟、高脂血症及糖尿病与冠心病的关系已比较明确，而其他相关因素：如高甘油三脂血症，高半胱胺酸血症，肥胖尚在研究中。
\n高胆固醇血症
\n高胆固醇血症最早被证实的冠心病的危险因素，也是在所有危险因素中对冠心病危害最大的一种危险因素。在冠心病干预性治疗中胆固醇作为头号治疗的对象。
\n吸烟
\n吸烟是冠心病最重要的危险因素之一。如果吸烟和其他危险因素同时存在，还有明显的协同危害作用。下面我们来看一组数据：每日吸1包香烟的高血压患者戒烟后，发生心血管病的危险性降低35-40%。被动吸烟者心血管死亡的危险性亦明显增加。吸烟可使冠状动脉痉挛的危险性增加2.4倍。男性烟民患急性心肌梗塞或冠脉猝死的危险性是非吸烟者的2.7倍，女性为4.7倍。
\n![\"冠心病是怎么引起的？快来看看这些危险因素你占了几个\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500695121593.jpg\" "\\"冠心病是怎么引起的？快来看看这些危险因素你占了几个\\"")
高血压
\n高血压作为危险因素，和吸烟相比毫不逊色。我国为高血压大国，据卫生部的统计资料，我国高血压患者约1亿1千万仅有30%高血压患者接受正规药物治疗。
\n![\"冠心病是怎么引起的？快来看看这些危险因素你占了几个\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500694879286.jpeg\" "\\"冠心病是怎么引起的？快来看看这些危险因素你占了几个\\"")
糖尿病
\n糖尿病也是冠心病的高危因素之一。糖尿病几乎影响从动脉粥样硬化形成到心脏性死亡的各个环节。近年来糖尿病在人群中的发病率迅猛异常，值得注意的是多数糖尿病患者不知道自己患有糖尿病，没有得到有效的治疗，只有在出现并发病之后才检查出有糖尿病，此时已延误了治疗。
\n![\"冠心病是怎么引起的？快来看看这些危险因素你占了几个\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500694862561.png\" "\\"冠心病是怎么引起的？快来看看这些危险因素你占了几个\\"")
性别
\n最新统计结果表明性别是最为明显的冠心病的危险因素之一。冠心病的发病率男性是女性的数倍，这可能主要是由于性激素的原因。绝经期前的女性冠心病的发病率明显低于男性，绝经期后骤然升高，到了老年男女冠心病的发病率就相近了。
\n年龄
\n年龄因素也是较为明显的冠心病的危险因素。随着年龄的增长，各种危险因素的不断累积，对机体的损伤也不断累积，当累积到一定程度就表现出临床症状。另外年龄因素也是各种危险因素引起冠心病死亡的最重要的因素，高龄心机梗塞患者急性期死亡率显著升高。因此对老年人群更应积极控制其他危险因素。
\n家族史
\n家族遗传倾向是冠心病的第三个不可控危险因素。冠心病虽不像其他遗传病那样具有显而易见的遗传性，但它却有明显的遗传倾向。对于具有明显遗传倾向的人群在暴露同等时间，同等程度的其他危险因素时，这些人群更容易患冠心病。研究发现有冠心病家族史的人群较无冠心病家族史的人群发生冠心病的危险性增加2.0—3.9倍，发生心肌梗塞的危险性增加2.2倍，而且冠心病的发生较无冠心病家族史的人群提前数年，冠脉病变的程度也更重。冠心病在有家族史的人群发生率高可能是基因作用其他危险因素的结果。
\n精神因素
\n精神因素对冠心病的发病具有高度相关性。激动、压抑和焦虑的情绪，A型性格即好斗、好胜心强的人，冠心病的发病率均比较高。相反，竞争性心理较弱的B型性格的人，冠心病的发病率就相对的比较低。这主要是因为长期的精神紧张或情绪压抑会使人体内的交感和副交感神经活动之间的平衡遭到破坏，导致交感神经活动增强，其释放的儿茶酚胺类物质增多，血压升高，因而使冠心病的发病率增加或者使原有的病情加重。
\n肥胖
\n肥胖是否为冠心病的易患因素虽然目前尚有争议而无定论，但肥胖绝对是冠心病的危险因素之一。肥胖能导致血压增高，血液中甘油三酯、胆固醇水平增加和有保护作用的高密度脂蛋白水平降低，还能引起高胰岛素血症。可以说肥胖除了与吸烟以外的所有冠心病的易患因素都有关系。我国有一句古言“千金难买老来瘦”，确实有一定的科学道理。
\n总之，一个人以上危险因素占得越多，越容易罹患冠心病，所以要想远离冠心病这一“杀手”就要远离以上这些危险因素，当然其中年龄、性别和家族史是没有办法改变的
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1023","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1660,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500694286237,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500694286237,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5120","isDel":0,"createAt":1497605820050,"createBy":"d618c1d4097a11e7a61c00163e04584d","createName":"乐哈哈哈","updateAt":1497606564987,"updateBy":"d618c1d4097a11e7a61c00163e04584d","updateName":"乐哈哈哈","userId":"d618c1d4097a11e7a61c00163e04584d","title":"血管决定生老病死 有网友表示生死由命，富贵在天，您怎么看","content":"
【血管决定生老病死】 血管老，人就老。人体就像一棵大树，血管如同根系，它们保持年轻，人才能永葆活力。拥有健康血管是身体健康的基础，但大部分人在这方面却做得不够好，结果诱发动脉硬化、心肌梗死……生命君采访专家，为你制订一份养护血管计划，快存下备
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![\"血管决定生老病死\"](\"https://wx3.sinaimg.cn/large/006r20Ynly1fgn6dqbalqj30c12z97jt.jpg\")
医学小知识：
\n动脉硬化是动脉的一种非炎症性病变，可使动脉管壁增厚、变硬，失去弹性、管腔狭窄。动脉硬化是随着年龄增长而出现的血管疾病，其规律通常是在青少年时期发生，至中老年时期加重、发病。男性较女性多，近年来本病在我国逐渐增多，成为老年人死亡主要原因之一。
\n![\"动脉硬化血管示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497606756911.jpg\" "\\"动脉硬化血管示意图\\"")
相关病因:
\n1.主要原因
\n高血压、高脂血症、抽烟。其他诸如肥胖、糖尿病、运动不足、紧张状态、高龄、家族病史、脾气暴躁等都会引起动脉硬化。
\n2.营养成因
\n（1）大量摄入油腻性食物和富含胆固醇的食物，是动脉硬化发生的主要原因。
\n（2）如果平时喜欢吃肥腻食物而又不注意其他矿物质的摄取，就会使过多油脂沉积于血管壁上，诱发动脉硬化和其他心脏血管病变。
\n临床表现：
\n早期多数患者几乎都没有任何临床症状，都处在隐匿状态下潜伏发展。中期患者，大多数患者都或多或少有心悸、胸痛、胸闷、头痛、头晕、四肢凉麻、四肢酸懒、跛行、视力降低、记忆力下降、失眠多梦等临床症状
\n预防：
\n参照上图
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1404,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1497605820052,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1497605820052,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d618c1d4097a11e7a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1489580884064,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"乐哈哈哈","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"乐哈哈","realName":null,"signName":"给对方","head":"/resources/images/qq/3.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4956","isDel":0,"createAt":1496895541940,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":" 脸上长这个当心是高血脂 血脂异常患者的预警雷达","content":"
血脂异常患者的预警雷达：脸上长这个当心是高血脂，那么什么是血脂异常呢？
\n\n
![\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496895770716.jpg\" "\\"")
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血脂异常是一类较常见的疾病，是人体内脂蛋白的代谢异常，主要包括总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯升高和/或高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低等。血脂异常是导致动脉粥样硬化的重要因素之一，是冠心病和缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。在我国血脂异常的发生率高，还有逐渐上升的趋势，这与我国人民的生活水平明显提高、饮食习惯发生改变等原因有密切关系。
\n我国血脂异常患者已达2.2亿，诱发的心脑血管疾病，正以每年超过300万人的速度夺去人们生命。不防听听大牌专家的权威的控脂心得。
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![\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496896201259.jpg\" "\\"")
![\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496895646884.jpg\" "\\"")
![\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496896379785.jpg\" "\\"")
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关于血脂异常防控心得，且听网友如何评论：
\n气得暴毙：肥胖会导致大姨妈紊乱[二哈]别问我怎么知道的！我是刚从胖子瘦下来的
\n隐之要好好成长：太瘦也会，我身高160，最瘦的时候78斤，姨妈直接停半年，后来使劲吃涨到90斤才终于又正常了，所以不管胖瘦，健康最重要
\n_陈炫云：我不知道我算不算肥胖，可是我大姨妈就很混乱，每次都只来一点点，吃了三个月药也还这样，都不知道怎么办了
\n水中鱼儿14477：减肥可以避免很多疾病。
\nMyLittleTeemo：黑眼珠周边有灰白边这个我就有，好几年了，刚开始还以为是什么病，不过看看别人眼睛也有灰白边就以为是人人都有的就没有在意了，所以灰白边会对眼睛有什么危害吗？
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1740,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1496895541942,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1496895541942,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4917","isDel":0,"createAt":1496631844514,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":1496631863895,"updateBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","updateName":"小海螺","userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":" 他花10亿做的汉堡 非肉但吃出肉的口感 三高患者的福音","content":"
纽约餐厅公然出售假肉汉堡，顾客却疯狂排队。这个假牛肉汉堡，虽然是一堆蔬菜，但吃出肉的口感，素食者为之疯狂，终于能正大光明吃上肉了。那些为了健康而不得不少吃汉堡的小伙伴，这回可以不用放肆的吃了。
\n![\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496632139318.jpg\" "\\"")
原来这是是一家“食物 2.0” 创业公司，号称用植物造出的汉堡跟牛肉汉堡一样口感。2016年上市，每个售价高达12美元（约合80元人民币）。
\nIF公司它成立于2011年，它的投资方包括李嘉诚、比尔盖茨等大佬。据说，李嘉诚试吃一口以后，为它投资千万美元。李嘉诚是C轮投资方之一，C轮融资金额7500万美元。
\n![\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496632210727.jpg\" "\\"")
IF 的创始人是来自斯坦福的生物化学科学家帕特里克·布朗。老布朗本来是做DNA方向的研究。但他是一个长期素食主义者。他说，自己已经有40年没吃过汉堡了。他认为肉食需求将倍增，也将带来环境危机。作为一个素食者和环保人士，老布朗在2011年，将研究方向转向人造肉的研发。他说：虽然大多数人都做不到完全不吃肉，但可以用一种对环境友好的方式来吃肉。
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IF 团队为什么把改造目标选在了汉堡上。因为美国人每年要吃掉500亿个汉堡，汉堡里的碎牛肉是在所消耗的肉类中，占比超过一半。汉堡是人类快消品中的超级爆款单品。
\nIF研发的素肉汉堡，不但拥有牛肉汉堡的味道，甚至连口感点都一样。人造肉饼在煎的时候，甚至能发出跟煎肉一样的“嗞嗞”声，人造肉的颜色也会逐渐变身，甚至能散发出肉的香味。
\nIF的植物汉堡还能剔除了胆固醇、激素和抗生素等化学物质，既环保又美味，还健康。为了充分模拟出牛肉的口感，IF团队试验了很多种类的植物，最终，选取小麦、马铃薯、大豆等原材料。后来发现，亚铁血红素食才是模拟出肉类色香味的关键。
\n现在，IF植物肉饼是用植物亚铁血红素替代动物亚铁血红素制作。这种方法能够让植物汉堡在口味上无限的接近牛肉汉堡。
\n![\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496631833426.jpg\" "\\"")
去年，IF团队在纽约开了一家餐厅，卖的就是他们研制多年的植物汉堡。紧接着，《华尔街日报》等美国媒体纷纷报道。这款植物汉堡成了美国的网红食物。
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关于此事，看网友如何评论的吧：
\n海中的沙粒：这玩意，在中国做不起来，因为中国素餐已经做到非常极致了，而喜欢素餐的人不会喜欢汉堡包这玩意，而喜欢汉堡的对不是真实的肉的汉堡包提不起兴趣，不过这玩意在美国或许有意义，有助于解决美国因为汉堡包食物导致的肥胖问题，但前景目前还是只能说没到惊艳时
\n红鲤鱼绿鲤鱼还有半头驴：中国的素材也可以口感像肉一样，而且各种肉，各种好吃，还多少年了
\n灰大佬
\n灰大佬：中国的素斋早就有模仿肉了……感觉外国人挺落伍的……
\n順天明德_土著程程：模仿口感我觉得是个基础条件，但在营养成分上能不能模仿——毕竟动物跟植物所含的蛋白有差异——我觉得才是关键问题，若其后能低成本人工合成类似动物蛋白等的成分加入到人造肉里面，的确是很值钱的一项创新
\n\n
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男,66岁。扩张性心脏病。四肢无力，多汗，腰疼，怕累，气喘，有什么办法治疗或使心脏缩小到正常范围，这种扩张性心脏病能治愈吗
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我是孩子妈妈，一个快要崩溃的妈妈，孩子3岁查出室性早搏，这些年断断续续治疗，8岁做过心脏彩超正常，左室假键索，现在孩子12周岁，今天做心脏彩超提示；左房，左室大；左室收缩，舒张功能正常。彩色血流提示：二1尖瓣，三尖瓣返流（少量）。示波下早搏。医生建议立即做射频手术.
我想知道，孩子的这种情况不手术可以吗，是不是除了手术别无选择。我四十多岁了，孩子跟着我受了不少苦，我内心自责的无法形容
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\n现在是丘脑出血深度昏迷，有什么方法可帮助脑功能和自主呼吸恢复？
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