![\"幼年特发性关节炎用药治疗方法\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498397388643.jpg\" "\\"幼年特发性关节炎用药治疗方法\\"")
协和医院儿科医疗领域
\n协和医院儿科发挥综合医院多科协作的整体优势，在疑难病诊治方面在国内儿科系统享有盛誉；肾脏病、自身免疫性疾病的诊治方面有突出特点；新生儿专业实力雄厚，依托协和医院围产中心，在危重新生儿的急救与转运、早产儿尤其极低出生体重儿的管理与随访等方面居领先地位；与医科院基础所遗传室和协和医院妇产科合作组建的遗传中心，能为多种遗传病做产前基因诊断与咨询；其它如消化、呼吸、血液专业等均有迅速发展；PICU与心胸外科、神经外科、骨科等科室合作，负责手术患儿的监护与治疗；在国内较早开展高危儿的系统管理与早期干预，积累了丰富的早教经验并在不断完善，使协和医院儿科真正成为提供全方位医疗服务的综合性儿科。
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协和医院儿科所获荣誉
\n1998年周华康教授获首届中国内藤国际育儿奖
\n2004年鲍秀兰教授获第四届中国内藤国际育儿奖
\n近年来获得协和医院医疗成果奖如下：
\n“国内首例确诊先天性代谢异常：甲基丙二酸血症”获1986年医院医疗成果三等奖
\n“成功的抢救少见的急性脑病合并肝脏脂肪变性的Reye’s综合症”获1987年医院医疗成果二等奖
\n“抢救1650克早产儿并发肺透明膜病、坏死性小肠结肠炎、败血症取得成功”获1988年医院医疗成果二等奖
\n诊断治疗急性肾小球肾炎效果满意”获1988年医院医疗成果三等奖
\n“两例合并多种并发症的极低体重儿抢救”获1989年医院医疗成果二等奖
\n“难治性婴儿腹泻治疗成功”获1989年医院医疗成果三等奖
\n“儿童重症肌无力四科大协作治疗成功”获1990年医院医疗成果一等奖
\n“早产儿肺透明膜病伴持续胎儿循环抢救成功” 获1990年医院医疗成果二等奖
\n“重症难治性肾病综合征的治疗” 获1991年医院医疗成果三等奖
\n“4岁小儿胸腺瘤摘除治疗重症肌无力” 获1992年医院医疗成果二等奖
\n“一例孕30周双胎早产儿抢救成功” 获1992年医院医疗成果三等奖
\n“儿童异位ACTH分泌瘤2例诊治成功” 获1993年医院医疗成果二等奖
\n“93年早产儿抢救成功率及预后” 获1993年医院医疗成果三等奖
\n“10例少见疑难单基因遗传病的诊断” 获1994年医院医疗成果三等奖
\n“危重新生儿抢救” 获1996年医院医疗成果二等奖
\n“高频振荡通气治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭17例” 获2000年医院医疗成果三等奖
\n“115例极低出生体重儿的护理” 获2000年医院医疗成果三等奖
\n“开拓创新、精益求精，提高极低出生体重儿的救治水平”获2001年医院医疗成果二等奖
\n“发挥综合医院优势，创疑难危重症诊治一流水平”获2002年医院医疗成果三等奖
\n“建立绿色通道，开展危重新生儿转运” 获2002年医院医疗成果三等奖
\n“危重新生儿抢救”获1996年中国医学科学院医疗成就奖
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协和医院儿科科研
\n㈠2000年以来承担的科研项目：
\n1、卫生部临床科室重点项目：防治低出生体重儿呼吸衰竭，提高生存质量
\n1997 –2000 赵时敏等(77万)
\n2、教委博士点科研基金： NO治疗胎粪吸入综合征所致肺动脉高压的实验研究
\n1998-2001 徐景蓁等(4万)
\n3、医科院科研基金：糖原累积症-I型的基因分析
\n2000-2002 邱正庆等(3万)
\n4、北京协和医院科研基金：新生儿血小板生成素的临床和实验室研究
\n2000 –2003 丁国芳等(3万)
\n5、教委博士点科研基金：脂蛋白诱导肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响及细胞内信号传导途径的研究
\n2001 –2003 魏珉等(4万)
\n6、人事部归国人员启动基金：糖原累积症-I型的基因分析
\n2001 –2003 邱正庆等(4万)
\n7、北京市科技部科研基金：人类重要功能基因编码蛋白质研究及重大疾病遗传资源的收集—子课题：常染色体显性遗传有汗型外胚层发育不良大家系资源收集及致病基因鉴定
\n2002-2004 魏珉等(20万)
\n8、首都医学发展科研基金：早期喂养对高危的极低出生体重儿胃肠动力和胃肠激素的影响
\n2003-2006 丁国芳等(10万)
\n9、北京协和医院科研基金：婴儿过敏性疾病的早期预测
\n2003-2006 万伟琳等(4万)
\n10、北京协和医院科研基金：维生素A在防治早产儿动脉导管未闭中的作用
\n2003-2006 沈菁等(4万)
\n11、人类重大疾病检测试剂的研究分课题：小儿肾脏疾病中基质蛋白酶的研究
\n2003-2004 宋红梅等（3万）
\n12、北京协和医院院感基金：NICU院内感染的流行病学调查及抗生素相关的细菌耐药变化
\n2004-2006 王丹华等（7万）
\n13、北京协和医院院感基金：早产儿院内感染的早期诊断
\n2004-2006 丁国芳等（3万）
\n㈡参加多中心临床研究：
\n参加全国及北京市的多中心临床研究5项
\n㈢发表论文和专著：
\n1、在国内核心期刊发表学术论文篇数：86篇
\n2、出版学术专著：2部
\n3、发表论文被SCI、SSCI、EI收录篇数3篇
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哮喘病的患者我们在生活中见的不少，也有一些孩子患上了这个病，小儿哮喘往往折磨这孩子，并使其不能健康正常健康的成长，因为此病终年发作或长期应用肾上腺皮质激素，就有可能因为缺氧或皮质激素的抑制蛋白合成等作用而对儿童的生长发育带来较大影响。因此日常生活中做好预防成为首要任务。
\n预防小儿哮喘，日常生活中应注意什么？
\n一、降低室内相对湿度：
\n控制湿度比控制温度更容易，将相对湿度控制在50%以下，是控制螨及其过敏源水平最常用的方法。相对湿度连续在40%～50%下，即使温度在25～34℃时，5～11天内成年螨也会因脱水死亡。室内可使用高性能吸湿机或空调降低相对湿度，并经常清洗或更换空调积尘罩或网，减少尘螨滋生。
\n二、使用特殊的防螨材料包装床垫和枕头：
\n理想的包装材料应是舒适、透气的织物，可渗透蒸气，并能阻止螨和螨过敏原通过。购买枕头和床垫包装材料时，织物的孔径非常重要。幼螨的宽度一般大于50微米，织物小于或等于20微米可阻止所有螨通过。高质量的羽绒枕头、羽绒被、羽绒服由于其表面覆盖的织物很致密，可以阻挡人体的皮屑，阻止尘螨进入和尘螨在里面繁殖。
\n三、注意卫生：
\n床上用品的清洗、烘干和干洗：座罩、枕套、毛毯、床垫套等至少每3周以内用等于或高于55℃热水洗一次，可杀死螨和去掉大多数螨过敏原。绝大多数螨过敏原是水溶性的，用温水或冷水清洗可除去，但绝大多数螨不能被杀死。烘干机干燥衣服要大于55℃，10分钟以上可以杀死所有的螨。
\n四、地毯、窗帘和家庭软装饰物要勤更换、清洗：
\n这些物品积聚了碎屑残片和保持潮湿，为螨繁殖提供了理想栖息地。在潮湿地区应不用地毯，窗(布)帘或遮光帘，应换为百叶窗。家庭装饰织物应换为乙烯树脂或皮革垫，家具可用木制家具。地毯应该每周真空吸尘一次，并经常更换吸尘器袋。常规真空吸尘可去除表面的螨和过敏原，但不能显著减少活螨的数量，也不能去除深藏的过敏原。切忌用蒸汽清洁地毯，这样会残留水分，反而促进螨生长。
\n五、不在室内饲养猫、狗等宠物：
\n小动物的身体有合适的温度、湿度，大量的皮屑也是尘螨丰富的食物来源，它们身体上滋生着大量的螨，并可携带到室内各个角落，到处传播。
\n温馨提示：人们都知道，家里有高血压病人要准备一个血压计，每天监测血压。而有糖尿病人的家庭要用血糖仪监测血糖。同样，哮喘病人需要并且也可以在家里自我监测哮喘。哮喘病人需要使用峰流速仪检测风流速值。
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北京协和医院儿科的PICU，主要收治各种儿童危重症如呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭、休克、多器官功能衰竭、免疫功能低下儿的重症感染，疑难术后监护等患儿。依靠协和综合医疗的高水平优势，在为脑外科、脊柱外科、心脏外科、基本外科、泌尿外科等提供术后监护治疗；与妇科联合治疗儿童妇科肿瘤方面积累了丰富的经验。具备了包括重症监护，多种模式的机械通气（无创通气，压力控制，压力支持，高频通气等），经皮中心静脉置管，全肠内外营养、床旁血液净化、有创压力监测、床边头颅、心脏及胸腹B超监测等重症抢救监护技术。
\n心血管专业对新生儿先天性心脏病、小儿心律失常、心力衰竭、心肌病变（包括感染性心肌炎，自身免疫病相关心肌病，心内膜弹力纤维增生症，扩张型、限制型、肥厚型等各型心肌病等）、川崎病、心包炎、儿童原发性或继发性高血压、小儿肺动脉高压的诊治方面有着丰富的成功经验。
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基于协和儿科周华康教授等老专家的传承，自中华医学会全国儿科消化学组成立至今，协和儿科一直是学组成员单位。依托协和医院的消化内科医教研学术能力和检测设备（均处于国际、国内领先水平），自上世纪九十年代就开设儿科消化专业门诊，并开展了关于小儿消化系统疾病的诊治和发病机制研究，包括早产儿胃肠动力和胃肠喂养、幽门螺杆菌感染和消化性溃疡、功能性胃肠病（功能性腹痛、消化不良、周期性呕吐综合征、功能性便秘）等。消化系统疾病是小儿最常见的病症，其病因涉及多系统、多因素。
\n近二十余年随着对各种疑难杂症患儿诊治经验的积累，及儿科学科建设的发展、科研能力的提高及涉及胃肠功能和病变的各专业间紧密联系，不仅对常见的胃肠道疾病的诊治积累了丰富的临床经验，并与科室风湿免疫专业、遗传代谢专业、早产儿专业等专业紧密合作，对以往较少认识的病症如食物蛋白过敏性胃肠病、小儿炎症性肠病及各系统疾病所致的胃肠病症等病因研究和诊治，对疑难的超低出生体重儿的胃肠喂养和营养管理等均已达到国际前沿和国内领先水平，并在国内外率先开展新生儿和早产儿食管高分辨测压、24小时pH阻抗监测，逐步提高对儿童的食管动力功能的检测水平。已在国内外儿科核心期刊发表研究论文数十篇，多次在国内外学术会议上进行专题讲座及大会发言，并有专著出版。
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儿科呼吸组依托北京协和医院全面完善的检查系统，可以完成多种过敏原的检测、肺功能测定等实验室检查。
\n学科主要特色
\n1.小儿呼吸系统感染性疾病的诊治、病原微生物及细菌耐药监测。
\n2.小儿慢性咳嗽、哮喘及相关的过敏性疾病的系统诊治。
\n3.小儿呼吸系统疑难和难治性疾病诊治。
\n哮喘是呼吸道变态反应性疾病，以反复发作性呼吸困难伴喘鸣音为特征的常见病。支气管呈慢性炎症性、高反应状态。可由各种不同因素引起发作。既往认为婴幼儿支气管哮喘发病率较低，近年来通过流行病学调查表明儿科患病率以1～6岁较高，于学龄期后逐渐下降，初发年龄3岁以内者占84.8％。诱发支气管哮喘发作的原因除一些理化因素外，小儿最常见的是呼吸道感染，其中主要是病毒性感染。
\n临床表现：
\n1.常有喷嚏、流鼻水、鼻痒（过敏性鼻炎）、喉痒、咳嗽（过敏性咳嗽）等先兆症状。
\n2.可有刺激性咳嗽及白色泡沫痰。
\n3.多次屡发的呼吸困难，伴喘鸣音以夜间为重。
\n4.发作时，双肺可闻及广泛喘鸣音，部分可闻及湿性罗音，叩诊过清音。
\n5.哮喘发作时出现严重的呼吸困难，在合理应用拟交感神经药物和茶碱类药物仍不见缓解者，称为哮喘持续状态。可出现明显缺氧和二氧化碳潴留。可见出汗、青紫、面色苍白，甚至神志不清。
\n6.晚期病者，可有肺气肿和肺功能不全。
\n治疗应当规范持续，定期在专科医生指导下合理用药。不可轻易自行停药。
\n\n
我国《儿童慢性咳嗽诊断与治疗指南（试行）》主要依据咳嗽的时限而定义：咳嗽症状持续>4周称为慢性咳嗽。
\n不同年龄儿童慢性咳嗽常见原因见如下叙述。对于慢性咳嗽应引起高度重视，积极查找原因，及时给予治疗，避免不良的预后。
\n婴儿期（<1周岁） 呼吸道感染和感染后咳嗽，先天性气管、肺发育异常，胃食管反流，肺结核，其他先天性心胸异常等
\n幼儿期（1~周岁） 呼吸道感染和感染后咳嗽，上气道咳嗽综合征，咳嗽变异性哮喘，气道异物，胃食管反流，肺结核等
\n学龄前期（3~周岁） 同幼儿期病因，此外尚有支气管扩张等
\n学龄期（6周岁至青春期前） 上气道咳嗽综合征，咳嗽变异性哮喘，感染后咳嗽，肺结核，心因性咳嗽，气道异物，支气管扩张等。
\n青春期 呼吸道感染，哮喘，上气道综合症UACS，胃－食管反流与儿童咳嗽，心因性，儿童抽动症(TIC)，异物吸入和先天性呼吸道疾病。
\n转自协和医院官网
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协和医院儿科能诊断和治疗各类小儿常见的血液系统疾病，包括：急性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性粒细胞性白血病、霍奇金病、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症、营养性贫血、再生障碍性贫血、溶血性贫血、骨髓增生异常综合症、脾功能亢进、白细胞减少症等，尤其擅长小儿出、凝血疾病，如：难治性儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜、先天性及获得性血友病、弥漫性血管内出血、易栓症等的诊断和治疗。
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目前遗传门诊可提供的疾病诊断主要如下：
\n• 染色体病
• 苯丙酮尿症 （ＰＫＵ）
• Ｘ连锁进行性肌营养不良（ＤＭＤ）
• 脊髓性肌萎缩（ＳＭＡ）
• 肝豆状核变性 （ＷＤ）
• 血友病Ａ
• 性别鉴定
• 性反转分析
• Prader-Willi 综合症
• 脆Ｘ综合症
• 亨廷顿病（ＨＤ）
• ２１三体（Ｄｏｗｎ综合症）快速检测
• Ｆａｂｒｙ 病
• 糖原累积症Ia型，Ib型，II型（Pompe病）和III型
• 岩藻糖苷储积症
• 甘露糖苷储积症
• ＧＭ１神经节苷脂储积症
• ＧＭ２神经节苷脂储积症 （Ｔａｙ－Ｓａｃｈｓ）
• ＧＭ２神经节苷脂储积症 （Ｓａｎｄｈｏｌｌ）
• 高雪氏病 （Ｇａｕｃｈｅｒ）
• 异染性脑白质营养不良 （ＭＬＤ）
• 球形脑白质营养不良 （Ｋｒａｂｂｅ）
• 尼曼匹克病 （Ｎｉｅｍａｎｎ－Ｐｉｃｋ）
• 各型粘多糖储积症（ＭＰＳ）
• 粘脂储积症 （ＭＬ）ＩＩ和ＩＩＩ型
遗传门诊还能针对患者的特殊需要提供专门的基因诊断服务。曾经做过的基因诊断包括软骨发育不良、进行性假性类风湿病性软骨发育不良、干骺端发育不良(Jansen型)、颅锁骨发育不良、Costello综合症、Blau综合症、先天性大唾液腺缺失、丙酮酸脱氢酶缺乏症（PDH）、湿疹血小板减少紫癜综合症（WAS）、Sotos综合症、Williams综合症、火棉胶样儿、遗传性对称性色素异常症等。
| \n 时间 \n | \n\n 地点 \n | \n\n 出诊人员 \n | \n
| \n 星期二上午 \n | \n\n 协和东院儿科门诊 \n | \n\n 施惠萍，邱正庆，孟岩，仇佳晶 \n | \n
| \n 星期二下午 \n | \n\n 协和东院北配楼特需门诊 \n | \n\n 赵时敏，施惠萍 \n | \n
| \n 星期五上午 \n | \n\n 协和东院儿科门诊 \n | \n\n 施惠萍，邱正庆，孟岩，仇佳晶 \n | \n
\n
","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2199,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498397139209,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498397139209,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5241","isDel":0,"createAt":1498397024262,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"协和医院儿科肾病、风湿病就诊指南","content":"
肾病和风湿免疫性疾病是小儿常见病，它不仅给患者及其家庭带来痛苦，也造成了沉重的社会负担。随着医学技术的发展，很多相关疾病可以获得治愈或病情得到明显改善。随之带来的挑战也越来越艰巨。自上世纪70年代初，在我院儿科潘俨偌教授、朱传酉教授的带领下，我们一直致力于肾病和风湿免疫性疾病的研究，对于各类小儿原发性及继发性肾小球肾炎（紫癜性肾炎、狼疮性肾炎及乙肝相关膜性肾病）、难治性肾病、高钙尿症、肾小管酸中毒、泌尿系感染及先天性肾脏疾病等的诊治，具有丰富的临床经验和先进的科研水平。通过开展肾穿刺活检技术，与儿童ICU病房合作等形式，使我们的诊治水平得到长足发展。依托内科风湿免疫专业实验室，为广大儿童患者提供临床诊断服务。每年收治大量来自全国各地的各种肾病与风湿病患儿。通过对风湿免疫性疾病患儿的长期诊治及随访，我们已积累了大量的临床资料，积极开展国内外各种先进治疗方法，改善了患儿的预后，使他们更为健康与茁壮的成长。风湿免疫性疾病方面，我科主治：系统性红斑狼疮、幼年特发性关节炎、皮肌炎、硬皮病、儿童血管炎、混合性结缔组织病、幼年型强直性脊柱炎等。
自协和儿科创建以来，肾病及风湿免疫性疾病专业一直是我科重点学科，历经三代学科带头人的共同努力，打造了我们的专业团队，使学组的工作得到了广大患者及家属的好评以及国内外同行的认可。学科带头人魏珉教授（博士生导师，现任中华医学会儿科学分会常委、中华医学会儿科学分会肾脏病学组委员、中华医学会北京分会儿科学会主任委员）、科主任宋红梅教授（博士生导师，现任中华医学会儿科学分会中青年委员、中华医学会儿科学分会免疫学组委员）、何艳燕副教授（硕士生导师）等专业骨干，也分别在完成好临床工作的同时，承担并组织完成多项国内、国际重要科研项目。在接受协和更为全面与系统的专业训练的同时，新一代中青年学者也在实践与研究的领域中逐渐成为专家：李凡医师、景红医师、吴晓燕医师。
我科设有儿童肾病及风湿病专家门诊和专业门诊，还设有相应的专业病房。希望通过我们共同的努力，更为及时、有效的诊治疾病，为患者减少病痛，改善生活质量，实现“除人类之病痛，助健康之完美”的光荣使命。
我科主要专家的出诊时间是：
魏珉教授 普通门诊：周二上午/周四上午 特需门诊：周一下午/周五上午
宋红梅教授 普通门诊：周四上午 特需门诊：周五全天
何艳燕副教授 普通门诊：周一下午/周五全天
转自协和医院官网
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2203,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498397024264,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498397024264,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5240","isDel":0,"createAt":1498396855798,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":1498396895647,"updateBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","updateName":"小海螺","userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"协和医院新生儿\\早产儿就诊指南","content":"
北京协和医院儿科新生儿重症监护病房始建于1983年，是在国内最早建立的NICU之一。专业组实力雄厚，梯队完善，设备精良。多年来以早产儿的系统管理作为我们的特色专长。十年前在卫生部“防治低出生体重儿呼吸衰竭，提高其生存质量”的临床科室重点项目的支持下，加强产儿科协作，降低了新生儿窒息、早产儿肺透明膜病的发生率和病死率。 以早产儿的系统管理为重点，从现场复苏开始，把好出生后的第一关开始，强调呼吸系统疾病的防治结合、优化肠内肠外营养策略、控制院内感染、提高护理质量等，大大提高了极低和超低出生体重儿的抢救成功率。
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在国内我们较早运用肺表面活性物质替代疗法、高频振荡通气模式、中心静脉置管、PICC技术、促红细胞生成素预防早产儿贫血、极低、超低出生体重儿动脉导管未闭结扎术、头颅B超检查、强化母乳喂养等先进治疗技术以及规范早产儿的系统管理和早产儿转运等。十年来获得北京协和医院医疗成果一等奖1项，二等奖3项，三等奖4项。
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到目前为止我们已经收治极低出生体重儿（出生体重<1500克）近200例，超低出生体重儿（出生体重<1000克）30余例，目前救治成功的早产儿中胎龄最小的仅为25周、出生体重最小的仅为520g，VLBWI抢救成功率为98%，ELBWI的抢救成功率78%，在国内处于领先地位，达到和接近发达国家水平。
\n我们还在北方地区率先建立区域性新生儿转运网，接收来自北京市区、各远郊县及外省市的危重新生儿。共转运危重儿近千例，在降低新生儿死亡率方面作出积极努力。近年来申请到首都医学发展基金联合攻关项目“北京地区危重孕产妇及新生儿急救与转运模式的研究”，通过探索北京地区最优化和有效的转运模式、建立高危新生儿急救培训体系，全面提高各级医院的应急能力、复苏技能和救治水平，得到各医院的信任和广泛好评。
\n我们在国内较早开展高危儿的系统管理，进行早期干预和训练，并发挥多科协作的优势，对早产儿进行眼底和听力的筛查与随访。积极开展各种促进早产儿/新生儿神经智力发育的干预措施。如在全国最早开展新生儿神经行为评定（NBNA），新生儿抚触，袋鼠式抚育等等。促进新生儿/早产儿神经、感觉、运动、行为等各系统的均衡发育。出院前安排VLBW/ELBW家长到病房，和孩子进行出院回家前的过渡适应，教会家长各种护理技能，使早产儿做到顺利从保温箱到家庭的安全过渡。
\n出院后完善规范的早产儿随访随诊系统，开展以家庭为中心的干预方法。从2003年在儿科门诊开设了协和贝贝俱乐部，专门为婴幼儿健康保健提供服务。协和贝贝俱乐部平时有两名护师专门接听咨询电话，在第一时间解答家长的一些困惑的问题，并在门诊预约定期检查，监控早产儿院外生长发育情况，早期发现异常情况及时纠正。我们连续多年举办早产儿联谊会，为早产儿及其父母提供相互交流的平台，注重提高家长的信心并关注出院后早产儿生活质量的提高。并设有教授在现场为参会儿童提供服务，极大地改善了病人的就诊质量，提高了出院后的喂养和训练水平。
\n我们以医疗工作带动临床科研和教学的发展，培养了多名临床博士生和硕士生，在国家级专业期刊或学术会议上发表论文百余篇，在我国新生儿学界具有一定的影响。
\n转自协和医院官网
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2523,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498396855802,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498396855802,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5239","isDel":0,"createAt":1498396577646,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"幼年特发性关节炎用药治疗方法","content":"
幼年特发性性关节炎是一类儿童特发性关节滑膜炎，伴周围软组织肿胀和渗出，是儿童时期最常见的一种风湿性疾病。关节炎就是关节发生炎症，关节里面的液体会增加，使关节出现局部的发热、肿胀和疼痛等症状。
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什么是“晨僵”？
\n晨僵是幼年特发性性关节炎常见的症状，是指当关节在较长时间（如睡了一夜）不活动后出现疼痛、僵硬、活动受限，随着慢慢活动后，这些症状会有所好转。
\n ![\"幼年特发性关节炎用药治疗方法\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498397235294.jpg\" "\\"幼年特发性关节炎用药治疗方法\\"")
幼年特发性性关节炎主要是怎样治疗？
\n该病的治疗原则是缓解症状，保持关节活动和肌肉力量；防治或减少关节损害，最大程度地保持其功能状态。目前主要的药物分为两大类：一是对症抗炎止痛药（如双氯芬酸钠），该类药物只能缓解症状，不能阻止病情进展。其止痛作用起效很快。另外一类是慢作用改变病情药（氨甲喋呤、羟氯喹、来复米特等），该类药物可防止或减轻骨关节破坏性病变发生，生效时间较长，也有一定的副作用。随着对该病的不断研究发现一些生物制剂对该病也有一定的疗效。（马明圣供稿）
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转自协和医院官网
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儿童系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种侵犯多个系统、多个脏器的自身免疫性疾病。遗传素质、环境因素、性激素和免疫异常与本病的发生有关。该病非传染病，不需要隔离。
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如何治疗系统性红斑狼疮呢？
\n肾上腺皮质激素为主要药物，开始时激素剂量会较大，治疗顺利会激素会慢慢减量，最后能维持病情稳定的最小剂量长期服用，总疗程需视病情而定。激素治疗期间常规补充钙及维生素D。如果病情较重可能会加用免疫抑制剂（如环磷酰胺等）。医生会根据患儿的病情制定治疗方案，并且会随着病情变化及时调整用药，提高患儿生活质量。
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系统性红斑狼疮患儿平时应注意什么？
\n1. 尽量避免感染
\n2. 不宜过度疲劳
\n3. 不宜精神紧张或压力过大
\n4. 不能长时间日光曝晒
\n5. 避免服用诱发狼疮的药物，如磺胺类、对氨基水杨酸等
\n6. 按医嘱服药，不能突然停用激素。（马明圣供稿）
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转自协和医院官网
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2128,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498396192653,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498396192653,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5237","isDel":0,"createAt":1498395999735,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":1498396082582,"updateBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","updateName":"小海螺","userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童系统性红斑狼疮临床症状","content":"
儿童系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种侵犯多个系统、多个脏器的自身免疫性疾病。遗传素质、环境因素、性激素和免疫异常与本病的发生有关。该病非传染病，不需要隔离。
\n儿童系统性红斑狼疮有哪些临床表现呢？
\n1. 全身症状：大多数患儿有发热，还会有食欲不振、乏力等。
\n2. 皮疹：典型的有蝶形红斑、盘状红斑、甲周红斑，可有全身多型性红斑，有脱发。
\n3. 粘膜：口鼻的溃疡、糜烂。
\n4. 关节、肌肉：大小关节的肿痛，肌痛，肌无力。
\n5. 肾脏：高达2/3的SLE儿童在就诊时已有肾脏受累，且程度较重。从蛋白尿、镜下血尿、管型尿至肾功能衰竭都可出现。
\n6. 心血管：常见雷诺现象，心肌炎、心包炎、心律失常等。
\n7. 呼吸系统：常见渗出性胸膜炎，也可有肺实质侵润性病变、肺不张、肺间质纤维化、肺动脉高压等。
\n8. 消化系统：可腹痛、腹泻、出血、穿孔、梗阻。少数腹膜炎、腹水。
\n9. 神经/精神系统：虽头痛、呕吐、昏迷、惊厥及精神病等严重的神经精神症状均可见到，但常常仅有慢性抑郁、判断力下降、近事遗忘等细微变化，导致学习成绩下降。
\n10. 血液系统：常见血中红细胞、白细胞、血小板减少，溶血性贫血，全身表浅淋巴结肿大，轻-中度肝脾大。有些儿童SLE病初仅表现为血小板减少。
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儿童雾化吸入治疗是目前哮喘治疗中常用的给药方式，而吸入型激素是目前治疗气道炎症最有效的药物。随着激素雾化吸入疗法在儿童支气管哮喘、肺炎等疾病的应用和普及，患儿家属仍存在不少顾虑和疑问，现将常见问题概述如下：
\n![\"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498395966464.jpg\" "\\"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会\\"")
1、 雾化吸入激素有哪些作用？
\n答：雾化吸入激素可以有效减轻气道炎症和气道高反应性、控制哮喘症状、减少哮喘发作、降低哮喘死亡率、改善肺功能以及生命质量。
\n2、 吸入型激素的副作用类似于口服激素吗？安全性如何？
\n答：目前吸入型激素吸入治疗药量仅为全身用药的几十分之一，经肝脏首被迅速灭活而不产生全身作用。因此雾化吸入局部给药治安全性好。
\n3、激素雾化吸入治疗有哪些不良反应？
\n答：布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入不良反应很少。个别患儿使用不当可出现口腔霉菌感染，可通过吸药后漱口或暂时停药1～2天和局部抗霉菌治疗即可缓解。其他还有声音嘶哑，停药后可自行缓解。
\n4、 激素雾化吸入治疗有哪些注意事项？
\n答：防止药物入眼，使用面罩吸药前不能涂抹油性面膏，吸药后及时清洗脸部，以减少经皮肤吸收的药量。雾化时采用坐位、半坐位或侧卧位，并适当拍背。呼吸节律对吸入药雾微粒量亦有影响，儿童吵闹时吸气短促，药雾以惯性运动存留于口咽部，疗效欠佳。定期消毒雾化器，避免污染。
\n![\"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498395888971.jpg\" "\\"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会\\"")
5、 需要根据孩子的体重来选择用药剂量吗？
\n答：研究表明，给予儿童和成人吸入相同剂量的激素后，两者的药时曲线面积相似，即儿童患者一般无需按公斤体重计算用量。
\n![\"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498396700097.jpg\" "\\"什么是雾化吸入治疗，儿童雾化吸入治疗的几个应知应会\\"")
6、 雾化治疗时气流声音较吵，能关小流量吗？
\n答：流量应控制在6～8L/min。原因为①药雾微粒直径以1～5 μm最适宜，如大于5 μm，绝大多数被截留在口咽部。如小于0.5 μm，虽能达到下呼吸道，但潮气呼吸时，90％的微粒又随呼气排出于体外。②药雾微粒大小与气流压力和流速有关，增加气流速度可使雾化输出量增加，减小药物微粒，缩短雾化时间，增强依从性。（翁若航）
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1947,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498395736224,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498395736224,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5235","isDel":0,"createAt":1498395247981,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？","content":"
许多家长并不知道小孩感冒怎么办，只要说明书上有治感冒这一项，就给孩子吃，于是吃抗生素就成了顺理成章的事情，殊不知，抗生素不可轻易使用，更不能滥用。
\n![\"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498396169518.jpg\" "\\"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？\\"")
大多数上呼吸道感染不需要使用抗生素
\n急性上呼吸道感染（简称上感，俗称“感冒”）是儿科门诊最常见的疾病，也是让许多家长十分头疼的病，孩子常表现为发热、咳嗽、鼻塞、流涕等症状，有的孩子还会出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻等消化道症状，在儿科门诊常被诊断为“急性扁桃体炎”、“急性咽炎”、“急性鼻炎”等。其实这些病可以统称为上呼吸道感染，各种病毒和细菌均可以引起。其中，大多数上呼吸道感染是由病毒引起的，约占90%以上，而由细菌引起的仅占一小部分，也只有这一小部分的患儿需要使用抗生素。其实，在欧美发达国家，医生们对抗生素的使用是十分慎重的，如果孩子是病毒性感冒，根本不用药，只嘱咐家长让孩子多喝水、多休息，观察变化。
\n![\"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498395256474.jpg\" "\\"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？\\"")
有不少家长因为心疼孩子，一见孩子发烧、咳嗽或者有病情变化，就将抗生素作为首选药物给吃上了，觉得用了抗生素“保险”。其实，对于病毒性感冒的孩子，抗生素不但起不到任何正面的作用，有时甚至起到相反的作用。
\n小孩感冒了怎么办
\n![\"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498395360880.jpg\" "\\"小孩感冒怎么办？吃抗生素好吗？\\"")
孩子的上呼吸道感染是常见病，多数情况下都具有自限性，只要适当休息，合理饮食，可以口服一些针对发热和感冒症状的药物，几天就可以痊愈。如果孩子症状重、病程长，或者在任何家长觉得有必要的时候，应及时就医。作为家长，应破除“一感冒就用抗生素”的错误观念，在医生的指导下合理的使用抗生素。（李冀）
\n转自协和医院官网
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1905,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498395247983,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498395247983,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5234","isDel":0,"createAt":1498394805976,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"宝宝疫苗接种那些事","content":"
不久前，“大批疫苗未冷藏流入18省”的新闻引爆了各大媒体。紧接着一篇叫做《疫苗之殇》的文章又点燃了社交网络。今天就请协和医院的专家们聊聊宝宝疫苗接种那些事。
\n![\"宝宝疫苗接种那些事\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498395266325.jpg\" "\\"宝宝疫苗接种那些事\\"")
很多父母都问我：这个疫苗好像挺危险的，到底还要不要给孩子打？事实上我们看到，不少地方的接种率已经下降了。对此我总是解释说：这些文章显然折射出疫苗管理的一些问题。但如果您因此不敢再打疫苗，请跟随我来了解一下没有疫苗的世界，别让咱对疫苗的误解，反而误了孩子的健康。
\n稍微年长些的朋友一定还记得小儿麻痹症这种传染病。那些得病的孩子们即使能逃脱死神，往往也会落下不同程度的残疾。最著名的患者可能是美国总统罗斯福，而我们的每位长辈，大概也都认识一两个因为这个病、而走路一瘸一拐的的熟人。
\n![\"宝宝疫苗接种那些事\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498394985866.jpg\" "\\"宝宝疫苗接种那些事\\"")
直到疫苗的出现改变了这一切。还记得那些年，我们一起吃过的糖丸么？现在您基本看不到走路一瘸一拐的青年人了吧。不仅仅是小儿麻痹，疫苗还终结了天花的肆虐，并且让我国这个乙肝大国的儿童感染率从接近10%一路降低到1%以下。
\n值得一提的是，研制出中国第一支疫苗的是协和人汤飞凡。这位沙眼衣原体的发现者，在抗战最艰苦的条件下开辟了中国的防疫事业，挽救了成千上万人的生命。
\n如果把病菌比喻成坏人的话，疫苗防病的方式就是两个字：“记仇”。它会训练我们的免疫系统:看见这个坏人就记他一辈子，下回再来狠狠地打。要是没有这种提前的训练，有些厉害的坏人就会一路长驱直入，等我们的免疫系统反应过来，它已经打到总统府了。最开始，这种训练用的是关起来不能再作恶的坏人。随着科技的进步，道具升级成了坏人的一个脑袋瓜、一枚指纹，总之一句话，越来越安全。正因为此，我想告诉朋友们：如今，用成熟工艺，正规生产的疫苗，没有高风险，属于极低风险的制品。
\n![\"宝宝疫苗接种那些事\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498395065133.jpg\" "\\"宝宝疫苗接种那些事\\"")
您一定要问了：那为什么还会有“疫苗之殇”呢？——其实最主要的还是偶然和巧合。比如曾经传得挺邪乎的，接种疫苗之后不幸得了病毒性脑炎的例子。现在您可能已经清楚了，且不说这接种进去的不是活的“坏人”，只是坏人的指纹，是不能让人生病的。咱就说要是某一批疫苗里真的混进了病毒，这同时肯定不止一两个人中招对吧。所以那个例子更科学的解释，是全国每年10亿个接种者，可能就是有极个别人在那几天不幸正要得脑炎，只是他之前恰好种过疫苗，于是无意之中疫苗成了那个背黑锅的人。当然，这比中500万彩票的几率还要低得多。
\n历史上，反对疫苗的风潮，在欧美也都出现过，这些父母初衷也都是好的：为了保护孩子。但客观结果却是：疫苗接种率下降了，麻疹、百日咳这些传染病卷土重来，也让孩子更加暴露于实实在在的危险之下。智慧的您，会怎样选择呢？
\n最后呢，疫苗也是需要善待的。比如最近的事情之后，有人问我：不打国产疫苗，打进口的会不会好一些？对此我想说，这个事关键在冷链。没有合理的冷链保存，您就是打火星生产的疫苗，一样失效。值得欣慰的是，疫苗温度标签已经逐步登上舞台。它在受热之后会变色，可以贴在疫苗的瓶子上，相当于在脑门上贴了一个“历史清白靠谱”的证明。也期待它能发挥越来越多的作用。
\n总之，我们关注疫苗，不应当是为了把孩子拖回到一个多世纪以前，那个没有疫苗保护的时代，而是为了在推动疾病预防的道路上前行发展。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1023","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1897,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498394805978,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498394805978,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5233","isDel":0,"createAt":1498394012440,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"七个月早产儿的监护","content":"
怀孕28周至37周的分娩，在医学上称为早产，七个月早产儿更需要专业的监护。北京协和医院儿科新生儿监护室组是国内最早建立的，其早产儿监护以系统管理为重点，首先是现场复苏，把好出生第一关。同时，通过呼吸疾病的防治结合、肠内肠外营养支持策略、控制院内感染、提高护理质量等，大大提高了极低出生体重儿的抢救成功率。在国内较早运用了多种先进治疗技术，并且开展高危儿的系统管理，进行早期干预和训练，发挥多科协作优势进行眼底和听力筛查与随访，通过早产儿联谊会，为早产儿父母提供相互交流的平台。
\n早产儿记录
\n北京协和医院儿科十余年来已经成功救治了数百例出生体重小于1500克的极低出生体重早产儿。目前救治成功的早产儿中胎龄最小的仅为25周、出生体重最轻的仅为520g。协和极低出生体重早产儿抢救成功率为98%，超低出生体重早产儿的抢救成功率79%，与国际先进水平相当。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1867,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498394012441,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498394012441,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5232","isDel":0,"createAt":1498393701162,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"早产儿的原因","content":"
怀孕28周至37周的分娩，在医学上称为早产。早产儿的原因有多种，绒毛膜羊膜感染是重要原因。感染的来源是宫颈、阴道的微生物，部分来自宫内感染。感染也是导致胎膜早破的重要因素，早产常与胎膜早破合并存在。
\n助孕技术发展，使多胞胎出生率增加，而双胞或多胎妊娠可使宫腔内压力增高，致使提早临产。胎盘异常及子宫异常，也是早产常见原因。合并糖尿病、严重的哮喘、心脏病、高血压等，也会导致早产。心理压力、高龄等也可能是早产儿的原因。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2252,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498393701163,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498393701163,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5231","isDel":0,"createAt":1498393528957,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"早产儿的护理与喂养—来自协和医院的真实案例","content":"
前两天，在北京协和医院儿科举办的早产儿“阳光天使联谊会”活动中，8岁的小雨载歌载舞走上前台。她的妈妈在一旁轻轻用双手合着拍，笑颜中有泪光闪动。早产儿的护理与喂养虽难，但在协和医院的帮助下，顺利的闯过道道难关！
\n因为妊高症住院紧急剖宫产
\n怀孕7个月的她开始出现头晕了，视物也模糊起来。产检中测量血压160/110mmHg，尿蛋白2+，引起了医生的高度警惕。
\n“你平时血压高吗？最近有什么不舒服吗？”“平时血压都很正常，就是最近有些头晕，看东西有些模糊。”医生在病历本上写下“妊高症”三个字，下午就把她收进了医院。
\n住院后她才意识到问题严重了：妇产科、麻醉科、眼科医生像走马灯一样轮流检查，自己需要紧急剖宫产。“那我的孩子呢？还能保住吗？”她已经38岁了，好不容易才怀上孕，这个孩子就是命根子呀。
\n她抓住儿科李医生的手，“无论如何都要救我的孩子！”医生解释，“我理解您的心情，您的孩子刚刚28周，属于早产儿，需要做打持久战的准备。只要您不放弃，我们一定积极救治。”女医生的声音温柔而坚定，她的心安定下来。
\n李医生随后和夫妻俩详细沟通了关于早产儿养护的知识。早产儿与足月儿相比，要面临诸多问题。首先是呼吸问题，早产儿的肺发育不好，需要用促肺成熟的药物，必要时使用呼吸机；第二是颅内出血问题，由于脑血管很薄，任何一点波动都可能发生颅内出血，甚至遗留脑瘫；第三是最重要的眼睛问题，可能会出现早产儿视网膜病，严重时可致盲，需要眼科手术。第四希望母亲产后能尽量吸母乳，母乳是早产儿最好的食物。
\n剖宫产在急诊手术间进行。手术间里凉凉的，消毒的时候她抖了几下，麻醉医师问了句：“你冷吗？”“不冷，就是有些想抖。”她深吸了口气，告诉自己放松，坚持。手术进行得很顺利，她听到产科医生说准备接孩子，接着听到了孩子出生的第一声啼哭。“是个女孩。”旁边有大夫告诉她，她的眼泪刷地掉了下来。
\n小雨的第一关是呼吸关
\n以出生体重1000克为界限，1000~1500克的早产儿为极低出生体重早产儿，低于1000克的为超低出生体重早产儿。小雨出生时体重仅仅1080g，手腕和成年人的食指一样粗细，仿佛吹口气都会断掉。医生们以最快速度把她送到新生儿监护病房。
\n“呼吸机，开放静脉通路，心电监护，监测生命体征……”大夫们立刻就忙乎上了。熟练而又敏捷地插管，给促进肺成熟的药物，连接呼吸机，脐静脉插管……等到小雨的生命体征终于稳定下来，时间已经是夜里12点了。
\n小雨终于沉沉地睡去，而妈妈却在产科度过了焦虑、紧张的不眠之夜。
\n第二天一早，爸爸焦急地等候在病房门口。“目前她接着呼吸机，血氧还比较稳定，但不能过于乐观。头三天最容易有呼吸问题，有些婴儿甚至会肺出血，可能有生命危险。”唐大夫虽然工作年限不算长，但病情交待稳健娴熟，坚信“抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算”。
\n早产儿的成长过程犹如过五关斩六将，对小雨而言，第一个里程碑是体重达到1500g。
\n“大夫，孩子的体重怎么不如出生体重了？”听到孩子第二天体重有下降，爸爸焦急万分。唐大夫给他讲述了生理性体重下降的概念：所有的孩子出生后约1周恢复初生体重，早产儿也不例外，她甚至需要更长的时间恢复初生体重，很长一段时间里都需要静脉打营养液维持生命。
\n漫长的头三天在焦急及紧张中度过。一天晚上，小雨爸爸妈妈忽然接到医院的电话，孩子气管插管里有些鲜血，可能是肺出血了。爸爸迅速冲到新生儿室门口。大夫抢救结束告诉他，孩子确实肺出血，血量也不少，目前暂时止住了，但还有再出血的风险。爸爸紧紧握住医生的手，“我知道路很长，一定要搏一搏，搏一搏。”
\n小雨真争气，她的肺出血越来越少，体重也开始上升，脱离了呼吸机，吃奶量也在增加。
\n小雨也闯过了感染关
\n每一个早产儿都要经过呼吸关、感染关及喂养关。早产儿抵抗力差，很小的一个院内感染都可能造成孩子生命危险。
\n住院快1个月了，小雨的肚子有些胀，大便里有白细胞，医生怀疑是坏死性小肠结肠炎。爸爸妈妈的心顿时又提到了嗓子眼。
\n儿外科会诊后，认为小雨暂时没有手术指征，可以先保守治疗，静脉输抗生素。10天后小雨的病情好转，又可以继续吃奶了，夫妻俩的心又一次落回肚子里。
\n妈妈担心自己的宝宝是早产儿，会不会留下个后遗症，会不会眼睛不好用。唐大夫告诉说，每周都有眼科医生进行眼底检查，如果早产儿有视网膜病的情况，必要时会安排手术，目前小雨情况不错。但是小雨的听力筛查左耳朵没有通过，需要以后到医院复查。
\n医院还安排了家长学习班，由经验丰富的儿科教授讲授如何护理早产儿，如何随诊，如何喂奶，小雨的爸爸妈妈每次都认真地做着笔记。
\n\n
小雨终于会自己吃奶了
\n到了3个月，小雨的体重终于长到了2000g，自己也能用嘴慢慢吃奶了。妈妈接到了通知出院的电话。整整3个月，她终于见到了无比思念的宝宝，她黑红黑红的，皮肤有些皱皱巴巴，小嘴嘟嘟的。虽然已是三个月大的宝宝，可是看上去还是那么瘦，那么小，妈妈有些不敢抱她。
\n儿科医生贴心地为母女俩安排了母婴同室，一方面培养亲子感情，一方面在医护人员的帮助下，让妈妈尽快实操上手。这一朵医患双方共同呵护的花朵，可容不得半点闪失啊！
\n出院后，妈妈严格按照医生的要求带宝宝进行随访。眼科医生看了以后说，以后可以不用看了，眼睛没有问题。两周后随访，听力筛查也双侧通过了。小雨妈妈心里乐开了花。她定期记录宝宝的体重、头围、细小动作能力，每天按照医院传授的早产儿科学喂养方法，为宝宝做操按摩，让宝宝游泳。慢慢的宝宝会抬头了，会坐起来了，会叫爸爸妈妈了，会自己独立走路了！最细微的改变都会在心中荡漾成巨大的幸福光环，只有他们自己知道这份微小的幸福多么来之不易。
\n每年的六一儿童节，他们都会带着小雨参加北京协和医院的早产儿联谊会，艰辛的过程需要鼓励，幸福的喜悦更需要分享，妈妈为小雨报上了节目《隐形的翅膀》。
\n“我终于翱翔，用心凝望不害怕，哪里会有风，就飞多远吧……”小雨的演唱打动了在场的所有医护人员……
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1980,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498393528958,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498393528958,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5128","isDel":0,"createAt":1497705690840,"createBy":"d618c1d4097a11e7a61c00163e04584d","createName":"乐哈哈哈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"d618c1d4097a11e7a61c00163e04584d","title":"男婴遭弃垃圾桶旁冻死 两人行为已经构成故意杀人罪","content":"
2016年12月4日凌晨，被告人马某婷在被告人杨某富租住的东涌镇房子内自然顺产下一名活体男婴。因二人均不愿意抚养男婴，便长时间将被害人置于地上不管不顾，更是在未采取任何保暖措施的情况下，将男婴裸体装于废弃纸箱并用塑料袋包裹，弃置在出租屋楼下的垃圾桶旁边石台上，并离开现场去医院就医。最终，男婴被作为一般垃圾被扔到垃圾车内，运输到村垃圾压缩站准备处理，当公安民警赶到压缩站找回男婴，但男婴已死亡（符合冻死）。据悉，被告人杨某富、马某婷在医院接受治疗时，明知道医护人员报警，但仍留在医院等候公安机关处理。据此前报道，男婴父母事发时都只有18岁。
\n关于此事，且看网友如何评论：
\n君：买个套套就那么难吗？
\nNicklaus：世界上最可怕的事，就是父母不需要考试就能成为父母。
\n懒羊羊你别跑：这年头的年轻男女，所以加强一下性和责任教育，真的很有必要，不分男女，男孩子父母管好，女孩子多教育自爱。过早和不成熟性生活的男女，人生道路一般都比较坎坷。
\n彤彤_小宝：不要说只有18岁，旧社会18岁娃都打酱油了，这个年龄早该有法律意识了，再说了，这个男娃不要，你看看多少家庭为个男娃求爷爷哭奶奶的
\n希妮Sama：[摊手]每日一句：不能因为年纪小就不负责任。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2099,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1497705690841,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1497705690841,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d618c1d4097a11e7a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1489580884064,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"乐哈哈哈","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"乐哈哈","realName":null,"signName":"给对方","head":"/resources/images/qq/3.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5046","isDel":0,"createAt":1497418893524,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":1497419178171,"updateBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","updateName":"小海螺","userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"妈妈偏爱9岁的弟弟 二胎家庭，老大内心感受需重视","content":"
【妈妈偏爱9岁的弟弟 为了锻炼姐姐家务活都交给她做】海南临高县一名14岁的女生小玉6月1日一声不吭离开家，到现在也没回家。5日，她在qq空间上传了一段抽烟自拍视频，母亲李女士看到后感到震惊难过。小玉在当地中学读初二，老师曾听她说过妈妈偏爱9岁的弟弟，把家务活都交给她做，她“讨厌妈妈”。李女士表示，让女儿做家务本意是锻炼她一下，并没重男轻女，1日那天小玉还问她要钱买衣服，没想到之后就离家出走。李女士希望小玉尽快回家，承诺会改变教育方式。
\n![\"妈妈偏爱9岁的弟弟](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497419504863.jpg\" "\\"妈妈偏爱9岁的弟弟")
关于此事，且看网友如何评论：
\n疯子口木口木：嗯。。儿子就不用锻炼了吗
\nDeer_槑菜：小的时候，我做饭，我弟弟是一定会在旁边帮忙烧火的，那些说男孩子不用做事的，脑子有坑吗？
\n你有病啊_：我们这儿重男轻女也蛮明显的。自从有二胎政策，好多家庭男性都要求离婚。因为头胎是女儿，对象又老了生孩子风险太大。[费解][费解]刷新了我的三观。希望以后不要回来
\n莫里瑞恩：他妈说的可能是真的，但是多半可能都是叫女孩子做事情，苛刻女孩子的时候都会说：你要让着你弟弟……比如说弟弟打了姐姐，姐姐还手了，母亲就责怪或者是殴打姐姐然后说：你要让着弟弟……
\n小编观点：二胎家庭，老大内心感受需重视
\n![\"妈妈偏爱9岁的弟弟](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497419255625.jpg\" "\\"妈妈偏爱9岁的弟弟")
父母在教育和照顾孩子时，需要坚持公平公正的原则。孩子因为年龄大或许要承担更多的责任，但这并不意味着，老大在所有事情上都要做出牺牲和让步。特别是不要让孩子因为弟弟妹妹的事情而无端被牵连。
\n![\"妈妈偏爱9岁的弟弟](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497419352502.jpg\" "\\"妈妈偏爱9岁的弟弟")
当然，很多时候绝对的公平是很难做到的，但父母就需要关注孩子会因此而出现的负面情绪。特别是在弟弟妹妹出生后，父母就需要更关注老大的心理变化和可能出现的失落和嫉妒感受。当孩子情绪低迷时，父母可以告诉孩子他的小时候受到过比弟弟妹妹更多的关爱，他和弟弟妹妹都是父母最爱的孩子，则孩子的内心会得到很大的安慰。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2256,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1497418893525,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1497418893525,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5044","isDel":0,"createAt":1497413887495,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"美国女孩性别遭质疑 本世纪最大乌龙","content":"
8岁的美国女孩米拉格罗斯•埃尔南德斯、，简称米莉（Mili），具有极高的足球天分，是美国内布拉斯加女子足球俱乐部的一员。此前，她与队友共同参加了斯普林菲尔德足球赛，并顺利杀入决赛。在决赛前夕，赛事组织者却突然质疑该女孩的性别为男性，并取消了她和球队的比赛资格。
\n![\"美国女孩性别遭质疑](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497414790872.jpg\" "\\"美国女孩性别遭质疑")
该事件随后即被证实是乌龙事件。据报道，赛事组织者在采访中透露，球员正式名单中，该女孩的名字后因印刷错误出现字母“M”（表示男性），他们才做出该决定。
\n球队教练对赛事组织者的处理方法表示愤慨。他认为赛事组织者没有经过确认就取消球队的比赛资格，是不负责任的行为。事后该女孩的父母试图向赛会组织者提供性别证明材料，至今未果。
\n![\"美国女孩性别遭质疑](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497413924349.jpg\" "\\"美国女孩性别遭质疑")
女孩本人对该事件则有不同解读。她认为是她的短发太过男性化，才致使球队错失了夺冠机会。
\n事件一经发生，引起美国各大媒体争相报道和公众的广泛关注，女孩得到了许多体育界人士的声援。其中斩获两次奥运会冠军和两次女子世界杯冠军头衔的超级足球明星，米娅•哈姆（Mia Hamm），在推特网站上为她留下了“做你自己”的鼓励讯息，并要求她一起进行下一赛季的训练。
\n![\"美国女孩性别遭质疑](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497414829706.jpg\" "\\"美国女孩性别遭质疑")
关于此事，且看网友如何评论：
\n巴蜀落红：偌大的一个美国，连男女都分不清吗？[费解]一起拧螺丝的李工说。
\n行走鱼者：我也挺质疑国足的性别，求鉴定。
\n无敌大块头SWJTU：只有我觉得这个姑娘蛮清秀的么？
\n冷月皓千山：容我做个猜测：这场赛事是特地为某一支球队定制的，当事女孩这支队不Get out，那支队拿不到冠军。
\n马答应：因为成年人里有运动员变性作弊，就质疑小孩子。。。这。。。
\n王怀雨：我觉得八岁的时候女生比男生壮。。。。小时候天天欺负小男生，后来长大了简直手无缚鸡之力，还好长大了没报复过来
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1581,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1497413887496,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1497413887496,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5010","isDel":0,"createAt":1497236947335,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"山东人最敢生二孩 与山东省长期累积的生育意愿集中释放有关","content":"
山东去年常住人口增量达到了99.48万人，接近百万大关。山东之所以增量大，主要与出生率较高有关。山东省卫计委公布的统计数据显示，随着二孩政策的放开，山东省人口出生率有明显上升。2016年全年出生人口177.06万人，相当于全国的1/10，比上年多出生53.48万人；其中二孩出生占比更超过六成，达到63.3%，远超一孩。山东也成为全国最敢生二孩的省份。
\n![\"山东人最敢生二孩](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497237796641.jpg\" "\\"山东人最敢生二孩")
2016年山东出生率17.89‰，位居全国各省份之首。根据山东省统计年鉴，2016年人口出生率已经达到了1991年以来最高。2016年人口自然增长率10.84‰，比上年提高4.96个千分点。
\n随着二孩政策的放开，山东省人口出生率有明显上升。2016年全年出生人口177.06万人，相当于全国的1/10，比上年多出生53.48万人；其中二孩出生占比更超过六成，达到63.3%，远超一孩。山东也成为全国最敢生二孩的省份
\n![\"山东人最敢生二孩](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497237814296.jpg\" "\\"山东人最敢生二孩")
为何山东人最敢生？专家分析认为，这与山东省长期累积的生育意愿集中释放有关。
\n另一方面，山东县域经济发达，城市发展以中小城市为主，房价相比北上广以及江浙等地都要平稳很多，较低的养育成本也让人们更敢于生育。
\n![\"山东人最敢生二孩](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497237664254.jpg\" "\\"山东人最敢生二孩")
关于此事，且看网友如何评论：
\n洪不来HB：山东重男轻女很严重，二胎一放开没有儿子的必须补生了......
\n视角：当年山东是执行计生政策最严格地区之一
\n改变历史轨迹：山东大男子主义严重，都是为了男孩而生，悲哀啊！
\n李小鼠Lao-Li：以后是不是到处都是山东人~
\n你还好么：山东人抱紧我，你们根本不懂山东好么， 不要瞎评论，我们山东人就是有钱，就是生的起
\n激情老师：说明以前山东官方压制的太厉害了，超生了罚款、牵牛、扒房、坐牢房，政策一放开，人们就像疯了一样生。我是山东人，我为山东官方道歉。
\nyourxin001：今年高考山东才70多万人吧，这下竞争大了
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1752,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1497236947336,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1497236947336,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5006","isDel":0,"createAt":1497191385500,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小朋友腿太胖被玩具卡住 小儿肥胖症你了解多少 家有胖宝看过来","content":"
\n
6月11日14时许，成都双流太平园家具城儿童区，有一名小朋友的双腿被玩具卡住，航鹰路消防中队接警后立即前往处置并成功解救
\n![\"小儿肥胖症你了解多少](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497192202173.jpg\" "\\"小儿肥胖症你了解多少")
PS：小儿肥胖症的症状：
\n1.一般表现 常有家族肥胖史；智力佳，皮下脂肪丰满，分布比较均匀，身体脂肪积聚以乳部、腹部、臀部及肩部为显著，腹部皮肤出现白纹、粉红色或紫纹；四肢肥胖，尤以上臂和臀部明显。无内分泌紊乱和代谢障碍性疾病；常有疲劳感鶒，活动时气短或腿痛，行动笨拙，膝外翻或扁平足。
\n2.食欲极佳 小儿食欲极佳，食欲旺盛、食量大大超过一般小儿
\n3.体重/体脂超过参照人群值的界值点 体格生长发育迅速，但骨骼正常或超过同年龄小儿，体重超过同性别同身高正常儿均值20%以上或体重超过同身高健康儿平均体重的2个标准差(M+2SD)；或体重指数大于23者。
\n4.性发育 性发育一般较早或正常。男孩由于大腿会阴部脂肪过多阴茎可掩藏在脂肪组织中，而显得很小，实际上属正常范围。
\n5.有氧能力损伤 肥胖症小儿临床上常无其他不适但明显肥胖有氧能力损伤健康搜索，最大耐受时间、最大氧消耗明显减低；最大心率、每分通气量、二氧化碳产量、做功量明显增高；无氧阈各项指标均低，呈现“无氧阈左移\"现象肥胖儿活动时心跳、气短、易累的外部表现和不爱参加体力活动的行为习惯。
\n6.心理上的压抑和损伤 个性、气质性格、潜能发育以及日后的能力发育、人际交往都有消极的影响。对自己体型的压抑大健康搜索自我评价差。人际交流时易受奚落被取外号甚至受到歧视。沉重的精神压力和心理冲突丧失自信心，变得孤僻青春期因苦恼于肥胖的体型或急于减肥造成许多激烈的心理冲突，有的甚至自杀。
\n ![\"小儿肥胖症你了解多少](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497191847003.jpg\" "\\"小儿肥胖症你了解多少")
小儿肥胖症的饮食调整原则：
\n(1)必须保证维持小儿的基本营养及生长发育所需要的营养。
\n(2)不宜使体重骤然减轻，开始只要求制止体重速增，下降至超过该年龄正常体重范围10%左右时，即不需严格限制食物。
\n(3)仍须设法满足小儿食欲，不致发生饥饿的痛苦
\n(4)蛋白质的供给不宜少于每天1～2g/kg甚至有人主张采用高蛋白饮食，每天蛋白质供给量达3～4g/kg。
\n(5)以糖为主要食物，对脂肪需限制也要适当限制甜食。
\n(6)维生素和矿物质不应缺少。根据以上原则鶒，食品应以蔬菜、水果、米饭等为主，外加适量的蛋白质包括瘦肉、鱼、鸡蛋、豆类等。
\n ![\"2.jpg\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497191679681.jpg\" "\\"1497191679681.jpg\\"")
关于此事，且看网友如何评论：
\n你还好么：不过说真的这腿确实挺胖的。
\n司徒斓曦：玩具：我能怎么办！我也很绝望！
\n陈浩南：小朋友：“麻麻，今天被卡住了，我很害怕，你现在要多买点东西给我吃！”
\n朴觅轩：孩子: 我能怎么办啊？我也很绝望啊
\n炸鸡的小丸子：看看自己的腿[费解]笑不出来了
\n长豆角烧茄子：想到了走太快被拖鞋卡主脚的那个小朋友
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1902,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1497191385501,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1497191385501,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4968","isDel":0,"createAt":1496989660595,"createBy":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","createName":"海总剑客","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","title":"成都地铁小暖男 暖男的六大标准，你的他占了几个呢？","content":"
近日，成都地铁 2号线的这样一幕把网友们暖到了——一个小男孩先是主动给带宝宝的阿姨让座，之后妈妈说好困想休息，小男孩就过来用手为妈妈垫着，还帮妈妈背包……网友：帮打听下这孩子谁家的，我要给我未来的女儿预订了 ~
\n\n
第一：不仅对你好，还能容忍你一切无理取闹的行为
\n第二：爱家恋家暖男给人一种家的感觉，而家最好的体现就是做一手好吃的饭菜。
\n第三：内心沉着稳重会安静的思考，遇事时先解决问题而不是责备
\n第四：贴心会不加修饰的对你好，但是却不会说甜言蜜语。会一直为你做很多小事，直到有一天你会发现，你的身边不能没有他。
\n第五：有内涵，经济稳定暖男并不是吃软饭的男人，愿意为你花掉自己的所有钱。
\n第六：对感情专一，他并不像“中央空调”一样，对所有的人都一如既往的好，他的好只给你。
\n\n
\n
\n
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杭州的庞女士四年前怀上了二胎，为了弥补对女儿的爱，她想到为孩子做卡通早餐。由于要想创意弄造型，有时她会从头天晚上就开始准备。她说，“没有办法让孩子永远活在童话和美好里，却能把它们变成食物呈现在餐桌上。”
\n对此，相关网友如下评论：
\n发酵的面团团 ： 做饭一小时，拍照修图三小时，吃完只需要五分钟
浅怀 ： 这位母亲您还缺孩子吗，不哭也不闹，只知道吃那种
滴水湖湖湖湖：我怎么觉得是她自己在满足一些什么，而不见得是孩子本身需要
hyun：脏兮兮的浪费食材，精神过于旺盛？
ISS大大驴：讲真我觉得手摸来摸去 其实蛮脏的
旭姐殷旭：一份单纯的母爱被各种解读，无言以对
我就尴尬的笑笑：好看并不一定好吃 倒数二张图看了莫名其妙的心里别扭 就是为了晒？
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