{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1732","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:肾病是怎么回事_肾病怎么引起的_肾病怎么得的等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"肾病是怎么回事_肾病怎么引起的_肾病怎么得的","title":"肾病是怎么回事_肾病怎么引起的_肾病怎么得的","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"11480","isDel":0,"createAt":1516442805160,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家告诉您肾病的发病原因有哪些","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">肾病是比较麻烦的疾病，如果不注意患有此类疾病的话，一定要及时就医，按照医生的建议治疗，下面找良医网带大家一起了解一下肾病的发病原因是什么，有哪些：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1516443586620.jpg\" title=\"专家告诉您肾病的发病原因有哪些\" alt=\"专家告诉您肾病的发病原因有哪些\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、免疫反应：循环免疫复合物沉积;原位免疫复合物形成。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、炎症反应：单核巨噬细胞 中性粒细胞，嗜酸性粒细胞，血小板，炎症介质等侵犯肾脏。最终导致肾小球滤过膜分子屏障和电荷屏障受损。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、大量蛋白尿：当肾小球滤过膜的分子屏障和电荷屏障特别是电荷屏障受损时，肾小球滤过膜对血浆蛋白(对以白蛋白为主)的通透性增加，致尿中蛋白含量增多，当超过远曲小管回吸收量时，形成大量蛋白尿。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4、血浆蛋白变化：大量白蛋白从尿中丢失，促进白蛋白在肝的代偿性合成。当肝白蛋白合成增加不足以克服丢失时，则出现低白蛋白血症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5、水肿：低白蛋白血症使血浆胶体渗透压下降，水分从血管腔内进入组织间隙，是水肿的主要原因。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6、高脂血症：高胆固醇和(或)高甘油三酯血症、血清中LDL、VLDL和脂蛋白(a)浓度增加，常与低白蛋白血症并存。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1862,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1516442805162,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1516442805162,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507789271266,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"良药苦口","password":"zx13401068656","level":0,"nickName":"周良药","realName":null,"signName":"良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行！","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1516263139285.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"langlixunta@163.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"11011","isDel":0,"createAt":1515830140538,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"你一定很想知道 肾病综合症起因有哪些","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病综合征一旦发病是需要及早到医院治疗的，不然会给患者的身体和生活带来很大的伤害，而能够了解一些肾病综合征的病因，对于日常的预防和治疗也是有很大帮助的，那么接下来就为大家介绍<strong>肾病综合征的病因有哪些</strong>。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1515830626738.jpg\" title=\"你一定很想知道 肾病综合症起因有哪些\" alt=\"你一定很想知道 肾病综合症起因有哪些\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病综合症是由于肾小球的过滤膜通透性加大了，导致大量的血浆蛋白随着尿液一起排出人体所引发的综合症。主要表现大量蛋白尿、低蛋白血症以及水肿和高脂血症，那么肾病综合症的起因都有哪些呢？</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">引起肾病综合征的病因</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">包括：</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">原发性肾病综合症是原发性肾小球疾病最常见的病因表现。原发性肾病综合症的病理类型也比较多，有微小病变性肾病、局灶节段性肾病、膜性肾病等。肾病综合症属中医的水肿、腰痛、虚劳、尿浊等证的范畴。祖国医学认为，肾病综合症的发生发展与病人劳累过度、久病误治、失治、体虚以及饮食不洁等诱因有关，这些诱因使肺、脾、肾功能失调，引起脏腑气血阴阳不足，导致人体内代谢紊乱形成肾病综合症。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">引起肾病综合症的原因都有：由于肾小球滤过膜通透性改变，蛋白质游过增加，形成大量蛋白尿。肾小球滤过膜通透性改变，除与病理改变有关外，尚与肾小球上皮细胞膜表面电荷变化有关。正常膜表面有涎酸蛋白，带负电荷，而白蛋白分子在</span>PH7.4对带负电荷，因同性相斥，使白蛋白不易滤过，单纯性肾病时涎酸蛋白减少。从而使蛋白质滤过增加。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">以上就是关于肾病综合征的病因给</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">患者朋友们</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">做出的介绍，希望能给大家带来</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">一些</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">帮助，并且建议</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">在</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">生活中大家能够有一个好的习惯，如果一旦发现肾病综合征出现要及时到医院治疗。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1204,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1515830140541,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1515830140541,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1508461864166,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"梅油油","password":"kongbaige113","level":0,"nickName":"梅油油","realName":null,"signName":"。。。。。","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1508466006878.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"541586403@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":5,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140800","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"7606","isDel":0,"createAt":1510725683503,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"肾病综合征是怎么回事","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510726317210.png\" title=\"肾病综合征是怎么回事\" alt=\"肾病综合征是怎么回事\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">找良医网</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">向您详细介绍肾病综合征的病理病因，肾病综合征主要是由什么原因引起的。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">肾病综合征疾病病因</span><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(一)发病原因</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">一般来说，凡能引起肾小球滤过膜损伤的因素都可以导致肾病综合征。根据病因可将其分为原发性和继发性，前者之诊断主要依靠排除继发性肾病综合征。原发性肾病综合征病因不明，研究结果提示免疫机制，尤其是细胞免疫变化可能和发病有关，此外脂代谢紊乱、凝血因子的变化及大量蛋白尿亦参与本病的发生。继发性肾病综合征常见病因有以下几类。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1.感染 细菌感染，见于链球菌感染后肾炎、细菌性心内膜炎、分流肾炎、麻风、梅毒、结核、慢性肾盂肾炎伴反流性肾病等;病毒感染见于乙型肝炎、巨细胞病毒、传染性单核细胞增多症、人类免疫缺陷病毒;寄生虫感染见于疟原虫、弓形虫病、蠕虫、血吸虫病、丝虫病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2.药物或中毒、过敏 有机或无机汞、有机金及银、青霉胺、二醋吗啡、丙磺舒、非甾体抗炎药、三甲双酮等药物;蜂蛰、蛇毒;花粉、疫苗、抗毒素等过敏。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3.肿瘤 肺、胃、结肠、乳腺、卵巢、甲状腺等肿瘤，白血病及淋巴瘤，Willm瘤等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4.系统性疾病 系统性红斑狼疮、混合性结缔组织病、皮肌炎、舍格伦综合征、过敏性紫癜、淀粉样变等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5.代谢性疾病 糖尿病、甲状腺疾病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6.遗传性疾病 先天性肾病综合征、Alport综合征、Fabry病、镰状细胞贫血、指甲-膑骨综合征、脂肪营养不良、家族性肾综等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">7.其他 子痫、移植肾慢性排异、恶性肾硬化、肾动脉狭窄等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">在我国继发性肾病综合征中，以系统性红斑狼疮、糖尿病肾病、过敏性紫癜最为常见。此处重点介绍原发性肾病综合征。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">儿童患者原发性肾病综合征常见的病理组织学改变是以微小病变型为主。成人则主要是局灶节段性肾炎、膜型肾病和微小病变型。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">近年来成人肾病综合征病因有明显变迁，</span>1970～1980年期间膜型肾病是最常见原因，其次是微小病变肾病和局灶节段性肾小球硬化。有人认为局灶节段性肾小球硬化不应发生肾病综合征，但临床肾活检证实，局灶节段性肾小球硬化超过了膜型肾病。Mark等报道，1976～1979年膜型肾病占36%，微小病变为23%，局灶节段性硬化(FSGS)占15%。而1995～1997年FSGS已是肾病综合征主要病因，占35%。他们还发现在1995～1997年组中在黑人肾病综合征FSGS占50%，而且67%的年龄在45岁以内。微小病变肾病综合征呈减少趋势，膜增殖性肾炎也呈减少趋势，而系膜IgA肾病则逐年增加。资料显示年龄在44岁以上病例中有10%AL淀粉样肾病，但未能证实为多发性骨髓瘤和副球蛋白血症。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1338,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1510725683505,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1510725683505,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507789271266,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"良药苦口","password":"zx13401068656","level":0,"nickName":"周良药","realName":null,"signName":"良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行！","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1516263139285.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"langlixunta@163.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4878","isDel":0,"createAt":1495884851422,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"男子20年体外碎石200余次 结石仍长满肾脏","content":"<p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">&nbsp; “</span><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height: 200%;font-family:宋体\">简直是闻所未闻，竟然有人接受了200多次体外冲击波碎石！”近日，来自四川南部县的邹先生让成都多家医院的医生十分震惊。在20年时间里，邹先生接受了惊人的200多次体外冲击波碎石，而在花掉40多万元后，他最终得到的结果是——2016年他几乎每周尿血一次；结石充满了他的右肾、长度达10厘米；右肾功能仅剩2成左右。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height: 200%;font-family:宋体\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1495885528484.jpg\" title=\"男子20年体外碎石200余次 结石仍长满肾脏\" alt=\"男子20年体外碎石200余次 结石仍长满肾脏\" width=\"418\" height=\"314\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　邹先生今年52岁，于1995年发现患有肾结石，1997年突发肾绞痛，从此踏上了漫漫求医路。邹先生说，1997年至1998年下半年，他几乎每周到医院碎石一次，差不多有70次，并于1999年2月接受了开放式手术，对堵塞输尿管的结石进行了处理。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　从2001年开始，邹先生的右肾结石又长大并出现疼痛症状。从此，他就陷入了反复体外碎石、右肾结石反复长大的怪圈。从2001年到2014年，他接受碎石累积超过140次，花费超过30万元。2014年后，邹先生的右肾结石不再疼痛，便暂时停止了治疗。2016年，他又突然出现血尿症状，基本上每周都要血尿一次，“有医生说是结石问题导致尿路感染，我就自己买抗生素自治，一血尿就吃。”</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　今年春节后，不堪忍受的邹先生决定再次到成都治疗。他超过200次的体外碎石经历，让多家大医院的专家均感到震惊。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　在四川结石病医院，经过仔细检查，医生发现邹先生的结石已将其右肾空间填得严严实实，成为了一个“老姜”状的铸型结石，长端达到10厘米，同时右肾功能也仅剩2成左右。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　四川结石病医院泌尿一科窦医平主任认为，邹先生经历了令医生都感到震惊的200多次体外碎石和多次手术，而结石仍反复生长，存在几个因素：</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　首先，邹先生的右侧输尿管上段存在狭窄情况，这会导致患者右侧肾脏分泌的尿液排泄不畅，容易结晶成石；其次，邹先生反复出现尿路感染，导致感染性结石的形成，加速结石的生长；第三，体外冲击波碎石后，结石残渣内的细菌复出、不易排尽，也可能嵌入组织，导致结石再生几率增加。另外，邹先生平时喝水少，久坐多、运动少等，也是期肾结石反复生长的重要原因。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　窦医平表示，过频过滥接受体外碎石，可使人体组织受损，特别是肾实质的损伤，肾脏小血管会破裂出血，严重时，可引起肾破裂、肾萎缩，诱发急性肾衰，导致肾切除；其次，患高血压的几率也会增加。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　“目前医学界最新的肾结石诊疗规范指出，体积大于2厘米、位置不利于排石、质地较为坚硬的肾结石，均不适于体外冲击波碎石。”窦医平表示，接受体外碎石的患者，其同一部位最多只能接受不超过3至5次的体外碎石，每次碎石间隔不低于10至14天。一旦出现碎石无效，或效果不明显时，应及时改行微创腔镜碎石取石术，方可有效保护肾脏功能不受进一步损伤。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\">　　面对邹先生的巨大右肾结石，日前，窦医平为其实施了多通道3镜联合分期手术，历经5次手术，包括4次经皮肾镜、输尿管镜碎石取石术、1次输尿管软镜碎石取石术，先后在其腰部建立了3个取石通道，才将邹先生右肾内的巨大结石粉碎并清除。手术中，医生还为邹先生处理了右侧输尿管狭窄的问题，进一步减少了其结石再生的几率。目前，邹先生即将康复出院。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size:19px;line-height:200%;font-family:宋体\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1495885277230.jpg\" title=\"男子20年体外碎石200余次 结石仍长满肾脏\" alt=\"男子20年体外碎石200余次 结石仍长满肾脏\" width=\"422\" height=\"317\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;line-height:200%\"><span 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