![\"几句话让你明白风湿热是什么病，风湿热的症状有哪些\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503583673390.jpg\" "\\"几句话让你明白风湿热是什么病，风湿热的症状有哪些\\"")
风湿热对大部分老百姓都很陌生，那么到底风湿热是什么病，风湿热的症状有哪些呢，短短几句话让你对本病有个基本的认识：
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风湿热是上呼吸道A组乙型溶血性链球菌感染后引起的一种自身免疫性疾病，可以伴随全身结缔组织病变，最易侵犯关节、心脏、皮肤，偶可累及神经系统、血管、浆膜及肺、肾等内脏。临床中有反复发作倾向，心脏炎的反复发作也将会导致风湿性心脏病的发生和发展。
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风湿热一般发病于冬春阴雨季节，潮湿和寒冷是重要诱因。初发年龄以9~17岁多见，主要发生在学龄期，4岁以前发病很少见，而25岁以后也较不常见。男女比例并无明显偏差。居室过于拥挤、营养低下、医药缺乏有利于链球菌繁殖和传播，多造成本病流行。虽然，在西方发达国家本病的发病率已有大幅度下降，但在发展中国家，如东南亚、非洲和中南美洲广大地区的发病率仍甚高。流行期受链球菌感染而未经治疗的患者风湿热的发病率为1%~3%。1992~1995年我国中小学生年发病率为20/10万，风湿性心脏病为22/10万，风湿热患病率约80/10万左右。农村的发病率高于城市。
\n ![\"几句话让你明白风湿热是什么病，风湿热的症状有哪些\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503583270351.jpg\" "\\"几句话让你明白风湿热是什么病，风湿热的症状有哪些\\"")
风湿热的临床表现
\n(1) 风湿热前驱症状：在典型症状出现前2~6周，常有咽喉炎或扁桃体炎等上呼吸道链球菌感染表现，如发热、咽痛、颌下淋巴结肿大、咳嗽等症状。但临床上超过半数患者因前驱症状轻微或短暂而未能主诉此现病史。
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(2) 风湿热典型表现：风湿热有五个主要表现：游走性多发性关节炎、心脏炎、皮下结节、环形红斑、舞蹈病。这些表现可以单独出现或合并出现，并可产生许多临床亚型。皮肤和皮下组织的表现不常见，通常只发生在已有关节炎、舞蹈病或心脏炎的患者中。50％~70％患者有不规则发热，中度发热较常见，亦可有高热，但发热无诊断特异性。
\n","barId":"1699","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2085,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1503583010372,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1503583010372,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5571","isDel":0,"createAt":1503416497329,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"痛风病友看过来，告诉你原发性痛风和继发性痛风什么区别，痛风什么症状","content":"
痛风可分为原发性和继发性两大类。原发性痛风有一定的家族遗传性，约10％~20%的患者有阳性家族史。除1%左右的原发性痛风由先天性酶缺陷引起外，多数发病原因不明。继发性痛风由其他疾病所致，如肾脏病、血液病，或由于服用某些药物、肿瘤放化疗等多种原因引起。
\n![\"原发性痛风和继发性痛风什么区别，痛风什么症状\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503417186076.jpg\" "\\"原发性痛风和继发性痛风什么区别，痛风什么症状\\"")
痛风是嘌呤代谢紊乱及／或尿酸排泄减少所引起的一种晶体性关节炎，临床表现为高尿酸血症和尿酸盐结晶沉积所致的特征性急性关节炎、痛风石形成、痛风石性慢性关节炎，并可发生尿酸盐肾病、尿酸性尿路结石等，严重者可出现关节致残、肾功能不全。痛风多于中心性肥胖、高血脂症、糖尿病、高血压以及心脑血管病等疾病相关。
\n![\"原发性痛风和继发性痛风什么区别，痛风什么症状\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503416475581.jpg\" "\\"原发性痛风和继发性痛风什么区别，痛风什么症状\\"")
痛风在欧美地区高尿酸血症患病率为2%~18%，痛风发病率约为为0.13%~0.37%。近年我国高尿酸血症及痛风的患病率直线上升，可能与生活方式和饮食结构改变有关。
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痛风什么症状呢
\n95%为男性，初次发作年龄一般为40岁以后，但近年来有年轻化趋势；女性患者大多出现在绝经期后。按照痛风的自然病程可分为急性期、间歇期、慢性期。
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1.急性期：发病前可无任何先兆。诱发因素有饱餐饮酒、过度疲劳、紧张、关节局部损伤、手术、受冷受潮等。常在夜间发作的急性单关节炎通常是痛风的首发症状，表现为凌晨关节痛而惊醒、进行性加重、剧痛如刀割样或咬噬样，疼痛于24~48小时达到高峰。关节局部发热、红肿及明显触痛，酷似急性感染，首次发作的关节炎大多在数天或数周内自行缓解。首次发作多为单关节炎，60%~70%首发于第一跖趾关节，在以后病程中，90%患者反复该部受累。足弓、踝、膝关节、腕和肘关节等也是常见发病部位。可伴有全身表现，如发热、头痛、恶心、心悸、寒战、不适并伴白细胞升高，血沉增快。
\n ![\"原发性痛风和继发性痛风什么区别，痛风什么症状\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503417054546.jpg\" "\\"原发性痛风和继发性痛风什么区别，痛风什么症状\\"")
2.间歇期 急性关节炎发作缓解后，一般无明显后遗症状，有时仅有发作部位皮肤色素加深，呈暗红色或紫红色、脱屑、发痒，称为无症状间歇期。多数患者在初次发作后出现1~2年的间歇期，间歇期长短差异较大，随着病情的进展间歇期逐渐缩短。如果不进行防治，每年发作次数增多，症状持续时间延长，最后不仅不能完全缓解，反而使受累关节增多，少数患者可有骶髂、胸锁或颈椎等部位受累，甚至累及关节周围滑囊、肌腱、腱鞘等，症状渐趋不典型。
\n","barId":"1699","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2052,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1503416497331,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1503416497331,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5432","isDel":0,"createAt":1500650904671,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"多囊卵巢综合征表现与治疗原则、治疗方法大荟萃","content":"
多囊卵巢综合征是青春期和育龄期女性最常见的妇科内分泌疾病，发病率为6-10%，不仅涉及生殖系统，而且是一个复杂的多系统疾病。多囊卵巢综合征临床表现主要包括：稀发排卵或无排卵，高雄激素血症的临床表现，肥胖等。目前关于多囊卵巢综合征的诊断标准：采用2003年ESHRE/ASRM鹿特丹专家会议推荐的诊断标准：稀发排卵或无排卵；高雄激素的临床表现或生化检查；超声提示单侧或双侧多囊卵巢（有12个以上直径2～9mm卵泡或/和卵巢体积大于10mL）；上述3条中符合两条，并且除外先天性肾上腺皮质增生症、库欣综合征和分泌雄激素的肿瘤。
\n![\"多囊卵巢综合征表现与治疗原则、治疗方法大荟萃\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500651737310.jpg\" "\\"多囊卵巢综合征表现与治疗原则、治疗方法大荟萃\\"")
多囊卵巢综合征治疗原则主要包括：近期目标为调节月经周期，治疗多毛和痤疮，控制体重。远期目标是预防糖尿病、保护子宫内膜、预防子宫内膜癌、心血管疾病。生活方式的调整是基础治疗，对肥胖患者，通过饮食和运动，改善胰岛素抵抗，降低远期并发症。对于有生育要求的患者，治疗的目的是排卵和促进妊娠。
\n1、药物治疗多囊卵巢综合征：（1）口服避孕药物达英-35等；（2）胰岛素增敏剂：二甲双胍和噻唑烷二酮，可降低胰岛素和睾酮水平，部分患者可以恢复排卵。（3）促排卵治疗：可以先选择克罗米芬，必要时可选择促性腺激素治疗。
\n2、腹腔镜下卵巢打孔治疗多囊卵巢综合征：目前临床很少应用。
\n3、体外受精-胚胎移植：最后的选择。
\n截止目前，多囊卵巢综合征病因不清，临床表现差异性非常强，从远期效果来看并发症严重，对患者的健康危害大。另外在诊断和治疗方面，尚存在较多争议，还需要临床工作者深入研究。
\n","barId":"2591","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1854,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500650904673,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500650904673,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5422","isDel":0,"createAt":1500479075818,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"假性性早熟怎么办，以及假性性早熟原因","content":"
性激素可以促使并创造第二性征。反过来讲，也可以说第二性征是性激素的“得意”之作。在日常生活中如果口服外源性性激素（如女孩将避孕药当糖丸误服）患者也同样会出现与其所分泌的性激素类别相对应的第二性征，也就是所谓的假性性早熟。此类性早熟因没有大脑中枢的“授权批准”，和正常的青春发育程序完全不同，所以也称作外周性性早熟。在其发病过程中不依赖下丘脑分泌的GnRH的作用，故又被称为促性腺激素释放激素非依赖性性早熟。在青春发育之前的儿童体内，只要雄激素或雌激素达到一定量，就会产生与雄激素或雌激素相对应的第二性征。这一点在门诊所见到的分泌雄激素增多的先天性肾上腺皮质增生症（21-羟化酶缺陷症或11β-羟化酶缺陷症）患儿，因肾上腺皮质分泌大量的雄激素而出现十分明显的男性第二性征的临床表现，就是一种典型的假性（或外周性）性早熟。
\n![\"假性性早熟怎么办，以及假性性早熟原因\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500479447200.JPEG\" "\\"假性性早熟怎么办，以及假性性早熟原因\\"")
通常来讲，假性性早熟患儿因没有性腺的发育，男孩不表现为双侧睾丸对称性的增大也就不会产生精子；女孩不会出现排卵，但可因雌激素大幅波动或撤退性出血，可表现为假性月经。
\n","barId":"1699","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1910,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500479075819,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500479075819,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5283","isDel":0,"createAt":1498546137872,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"荷尔蒙是什么意思，荷尔蒙又有哪些神通","content":"
荷尔蒙对每个人来说都不陌生，但荷尔蒙是什么意思相信没几个人能回答出来，其实荷尔蒙是英语‘激素’（hormone）的译音。荷尔蒙兴则人兴，荷尔蒙衰则人衰……
\n女性荷尔蒙包括雌激素、孕激素和部分雄激素。雌激素和孕激素主要由卵巢分泌，是维持女性性征、月经周期和骨骼发育等必不可少的激素成分。雄激素由卵巢和肾上腺产生，不仅在男性体内发挥功能，在女性体内的作用也是确凿的。
\n卵巢功能衰退后，女性荷尔蒙分泌的减少导致了绝经和接踵而来的各种躯体和心理改变。卵巢的体积很小，重量不足一两，它分泌的荷尔蒙眼睛看不到，手也摸不到，但其神通真是至关重大。通过下表我们来了解下荷尔蒙的功效。
\n![\"荷尔蒙是什么意思，荷尔蒙又有哪些神通\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498546576317.jpg\" "\\"荷尔蒙是什么意思，荷尔蒙又有哪些神通\\"")
如果缺乏荷尔蒙将会有以下症状：
![\"荷尔蒙是什么意思，荷尔蒙又有哪些神通\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498546434669.jpg\" "\\"荷尔蒙是什么意思，荷尔蒙又有哪些神通\\"")
\n
\n
","barId":"1699","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1885,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498546137876,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498546137876,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2921","isDel":0,"createAt":1486648572041,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"巨人症的常见并发症你了解吗","content":"
我们都希望自己的个子长得高一些，但是生活中有很多的人个子过高，这主要是因为巨人症导致的，出现了这种现象之后，会影响到患者的生活，而且还会带来很多的并发症，那么，巨人症的常见并发症都有哪些呢？一起了解一下。
\n1.部分患者可因软组织增生，压迫正中神经，导致腕管综合征，表现为正中神经在腕管内受压时，出现正中神经分布区域感觉障碍，手指水肿，皮肤紧张、发亮及鱼际收缩等症状。
\n2.肢端肥大症患者常常伴发骨质疏松，进一步加重骨骼的病变。在过量生长激素和IGF-Ⅰ的作用下，虽然肠道对钙的吸收增加，但尿中钙的丢失也增加，使得患者仍处于负钙平衡。成骨细胞和破骨细胞活性均增加，骨转换水平增高。反映骨胶原转换的血清胶原交联物和反应成骨细胞活性的血清骨钙素水平均上升，腰椎小梁骨密度下降。血清甲状旁腺激素、维生素D和血钙浓度一般仍处于正常水平，但也有维生素D浓度升高的报道。
\n3.患者也易发生冠心病，原因不明，可能与胰岛素抵抗，血脂异常，以及生长激素和IGF-Ⅰ刺激动脉平滑肌细胞增殖有关。因此，肢端肥大症患者随着年龄的增长，其发生心功能衰竭的危险性也逐渐增加。
\n由于生长激素对血糖、血脂的特殊作用，故肢端肥大症患者往往过早出现动脉粥样硬化，病程较长者可出现心律不齐，甚至可能发生心肌梗死或心力衰竭等严重心血管并发症。
\n4.睡眠中呼吸暂停，是肢端肥大症患者的一个常见症状，据报道约20%可为中枢性原因引起，也可能与肥大的舌体脱垂突入气道、咽喉部软组织增生使咽喉部狭窄有关。睡眠时呼吸暂停可加重夜间的缺氧，日久也可导致心肌缺氧，甚至可发生严重的心律不齐。
\n5.文献报道，约40%的肢端肥大症患者可发生糖耐量减退，部分患者可以发生糖尿病。切除肿瘤后糖尿病可较快地得到控制，糖耐量异常的状况可以减轻或得到纠正。肢端肥大症病情严重、年龄较大、病程较长的患者较易出现糖尿病。
\n6.肢端肥大症患者中有相当一部分同时伴有高催乳素血症，其原因可能是垂体肿瘤细胞同时分泌生长激素和催乳素，也可能是因生长激素腺瘤体积较大，压迫到垂体柄，影响了下丘脑对垂体分泌催乳素的正常调控，造成催乳素高分泌。总之，肢端肥大症患者性功能减退的原因一方面可能与部分患者伴有高催乳素血症有关，另一方面也可能是由于垂体肿瘤压迫了正常腺垂体的促性腺激素分泌细胞。
\n","barId":"1699","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1984,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486648572043,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486648572041,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2332","isDel":0,"createAt":1486648504167,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"尿崩症早期有哪些症状","content":"
多尿使尿崩症病人不能正常休息,工作和生活均受到影响,长久下去可引发精神症状,虚弱,头痛,失眠,困倦,情绪低落.在劳累,感染,月经期和妊娠期时,烦渴,多尿可加重.那么尿崩症早期又有哪些症状？
尿崩症早期症状有哪些？
尿崩症可发生于任何年龄，但以青壮年多见。男女的发病率相近。大多起病缓慢，往往为渐进性的，数天内病情可渐渐明显。少数可突发，起病有确切日期。
突出的临床症状为烦渴、多饮、多尿。多尿表现在排尿次数增多，并且尿量也多，24h尿量可达5～10l或更多。尿液不含糖及蛋白质。尿比重通常在1.001～1.005，相应的尿渗透压为50～200mosm/l，明显低于血浆渗透压(290～310mosm/l)。若限制摄水，尿比重可上升达1.010，尿渗透压可上升达300mosm/l。若严重脱水时，肾小球滤过率明显下降，此时尿比重可达1.010以上。多尿引起烦渴多饮，24h饮水量可达数升至10l，或更多;病人大多喜欢喝冷饮和凉水。
若有充足的水分摄入，病人的生活起居同正常人相近，可有轻度的脱水症状、唾液及汗液减少、口干、食欲减退、便秘、皮肤干燥、睡眠欠佳、记忆力减退，多尿多饮使病人不能安睡、影响休息，久而久之，影响工作，出现精神症状，头痛、失眠及情绪低落。
在得不到饮水补充的情况下，可出现高渗征群，为脑细胞脱水引起的神经系统症状，头痛、肌痛、心率加速、性情改变、神志改变、烦躁、谵妄，最终发展为昏迷，可出现高热或体温降低。
若饮水过多，出现低渗征群，也系神经系统的症状，头痛加剧、精神错乱及神志改变，最终可昏迷甚至死亡。
继发性尿崩症，除多饮和多尿等表现外，还有原发病(所致病因疾病)的症状，此等症状可出现在尿崩症发生以前或以后。
以上是尿崩症的早期症状，那得了尿崩症又有哪些注意事项呢？1.避免长期精神刺激。2.避免食用高蛋白、高脂肪辛辣和含盐过高的食品及烟酒。 3.忌饮茶叶与咖啡。
当甲亢发生了以后要是治疗不及时的话会有很多危害的并发症存在着，而生活中很多的人认识不到甲亢疾病的危害性，所以在患病的时候，也没能及时的做好应对，导致耽误了治疗，错过了治疗的最佳时机，给他们带去了更多的危害，所以为了帮助人们正确看待这个疾病，小编来讲述甲亢并发症都有哪些?
\n甲亢的并发症
\n1.甲状腺危象(thyrotoxic crisis，thyroid storm)：也称甲亢危象，或迅速发展的甲亢或甲状腺风暴，是甲状腺毒症在病情的极度加重、危及患者生命的严重合并症。本病不常见，却是甲亢严重的合并症，病死率很高。在Graves病和毒性多结节性甲状腺肿时可发生。
\n2。甲亢性心脏病：甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病是指在甲状腺功能亢进症时，甲状腺素对心脏的直接或间接作用所致的心脏扩大、心功能不全、心房纤颤、心绞痛甚至心肌梗死、病态窦房结综合征和心肌病等一系列心血管症状和体征的一种内分泌代谢紊乱性心脏病。年龄15～73岁，病程长短不一，最长达34年，最短仅有半个月，平均病程10.26年，男性平均病程6.65年，女性平均疗程9.15年。
\n3.甲状腺眼病：甲状腺眼病是伴有甲状腺功能异常的浸润性和炎症性眼部疾病，主要发生于Graves病人中，也可见于甲状腺功能正常患者及原发甲减和桥本甲状腺炎患者。在后者仅有3%病例伴有甲状腺眼病。
\n4.甲亢性慢性肌病：甲状腺功能亢进性慢性肌病是甲亢时神经肌肉的一种常见的合并症。在甲亢突出的表现体重减轻表现中，甲状腺功能亢进性慢性肌病是起决定性作用的。本症发生于70 %-80%Graves病患者中，女性居多。
\n5.甲亢合并周期性麻痹：甲亢合并周期性麻痹时，血钾常降低。周期麻痹可以出现在甲亢之前，也可发生在甲亢症状明显时或缓解以后，本病在欧美澳等国家少见，而中国和日本均是容易发病的国家。国内报告本症占甲亢病人的3%左右，中年男性更常见。通常在对症治疗及用抗甲状腺药以后病情可以缓解。随甲亢病的复发，周期麻痹可能再度发生。
\n6.甲亢合并妊娠：本病发病可达0.8%，以Graves病最常见。
\n7.血白细胞减少：甲亢本身，由于末梢血管的扩张，或甲状腺激素对骨髓的影响，可以出现末梢血中白细胞相对或绝对的数量减少，临床可见血清白细胞在正常值的低限，在治疗后，随着甲亢病情的好转可上升到正常水平。
\n8.其它并发症：重症肌无力、恶性贫血、白癜风、Addison病、糖尿病、斑秃、类风湿关节炎、肾小球肾炎、硬皮病、红斑狼疮、干燥综合征、特发性血小板减少性紫癜、其与自身免疫性甲状腺炎，其与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病伴随的疾病不完全相同。这些并发症在临床上均不常见。
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甲减发生了以后会有很多明显或是不太明显的症状存在，但是最常见的就是那么几种，我们对这些甲减最常见的症状应该要有所掌握，关于甲减这一疾病对于患者所造成的伤害是多个方面的，而且患者会表现很多类型的症状，关于甲减症状先来看看中甲亢医院专家来给大家详细的介绍甲减症状都有哪些呢?
\n关于这么多的症状的专家给患者们说了有一下几点：
\n1、一般大多数的患者都会有便秘、腹胀、反应迟钝、多睡少动、食量少
\n2、还会有一些患者都会出现哭声低、声音嘶哑、吞咽缓慢、体温低等类型的症状。
\n3、有少数患者都会出现皮肤干燥、眼距宽、毛发稀少、眼睑浮肿等一些症状。
\n4、一般患者还会出现食欲差、体温低、怕冷、少哭、智力发育迟缓等一些状况。
\n5、面色苍白，眼脸和颊部虚肿，表情淡漠，痴呆，全身皮肤乾燥、增厚、粗糙多脱屑，非凹陷性水肿，毛发脱落，手脚掌呈萎黄色，体重增加，少数病人指甲厚而脆裂。
\n6、神经精神系统：记忆力减退，智力低下，嗜睡，反应迟钝，多虑，头晕，头痛，耳鸣，耳聋，眼球震颤，共济失调，腱反射迟钝，跟腱反射时间延长，重者可出现痴呆，木僵，甚至昏睡。
\n7、心血管系统：心动过缓，心输出量减少，血压低，心音低钝，心脏扩大，可并发冠心病，但一般不发生心绞痛与心衰，有时可伴有心包积液和胸腔积液。重症者发生粘液性水肿性心肌病。
\n8、内分泌系统：女性月经过多，久病闭经，不育症;男性阳萎，性欲减退。少数病人出现泌乳，继发性垂体增大。
\n9、病情严重时，由于受寒冷、感染、手术、麻醉或镇静剂应用不当等应激可诱发粘液性水肿昏迷。表现为低体温T〈35℃，呼吸减慢，心动过缓，血压下降，四肢肌力松弛，反射减弱或消失，甚至发生昏迷，休克，心肾功能衰竭。
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成人脑垂体前叶功能减退症即西蒙一席汉综合征(simmonds-sheehan syndrome)是指成人脑垂体前叶分泌的各种促激素不足所引起的症候群。临床表现与垂体前叶分泌催乳素(prl)、促性腺激素(lh、fsh)、促甲状腺激素(tsh)、促肾上腺激素(acth)和生长激素(gh)的不足而发生的性腺、甲状腺和肾上腺的功能减退相对应，出现无乳、闭经、性欲减退、毛发及牙齿脱落、畏寒、皮肤干燥、疲倦乏力等症状。垂体前叶功能减退时，可出现神经系统损害的症状，这些神经症状可以是本病病程中的特征，也可以是垂体前叶分泌的各种促激素不足所致的代谢障碍或水电解质平衡紊乱所引起的。
垂体前叶机能减退症(又称"席汉氏病")系由垂体或下丘脑的多种病损累及垂体的内分泌功能而成。当垂体的全部或绝大部分被毁坏后，可产生一系列的内分泌腺功能减退的表现，主要累及的腺体为性腺、甲状腺及肾上腺皮质。
本病多见于女性，多与产后出血所致垂体缺血性坏死有关。主要症状为产后极度虚弱，乳房不胀，无乳汁分泌，持续闭经，即使月经恢复也往往稀少而不规律，不能再次妊娠，性欲减退，阴毛、腋毛脱落，眉毛稀疏，头昏，乳房萎缩，嗜睡，不喜活动，畏寒，皮肤干燥，食欲差，便秘，体温偏低，脉搏缓慢，血压降低，面色苍白，贫血，患者多有浮肿。非产后大出血所致垂体坏死性垂体前叶功能低下者，其发病率无男女差别。如在儿童期发病，则生长期发育受到影响，成为垂体性侏儒。男性成年病人除甲状腺和肾上腺皮质功能低下症状外，常伴阳萎，睾丸及阴茎萎缩等。个别病人有消瘦、恶病质，常伴有头晕，严重时出现昏迷以至死亡。
现代医学认为本病病因最常见的为产后大出血、垂体及下丘脑肿瘤，感染，颅脑创伤，头颈部放射治疗，垂体切除，全身疾病如白血病、淋巴瘤等，营养不良，神经系统功能紊乱等。
本病诊断主要依据为持续闭经，阴毛、腋毛脱落，皮肤干燥，嗜睡，血压下降，食欲差，面色苍白等。内分泌功能检查尿17酮17羟低于正常值，低血糖，基础代谢降低，以及有关病因的病史或临床征象。分娩时大出血，休克的病史对于产后垂体功能减退症的诊断甚为重要。
现代医学对本病以激素替代治疗为主(包括肾上腺皮质激素、甲状腺激素、性激素)，也有病因治疗及危象昏迷的治疗。