{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1767","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1767","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:糖尿病眼病的治疗_糖尿病眼病治疗方法_糖尿病眼病怎么治疗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"糖尿病眼病的治疗_糖尿病眼病治疗方法_糖尿病眼病怎么治疗","title":"糖尿病眼病的治疗_糖尿病眼病治疗方法_糖尿病眼病怎么治疗","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"2367","isDel":0,"createAt":1486631329294,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"查眼底预知全身病","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">临床工作中，常常能碰见有的患者发现视力下降或者视物不清，来眼科就诊，经过检查确诊，才发现不只是眼病，而是糖尿病、高血压、白血病、肾功能衰竭、颅内肿瘤等全身病。眼睛是心灵的窗户，眼睛也是全身的窗户，因为透过这个窗户，可以发现或帮助诊断几种常见的全身性疾病。常见的两种病，糖尿病和高血压都会影响眼底，甚至导致失明。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">糖尿病会影响眼睛的各个部位，比如糖尿病患者容易患麦粒肿、结膜炎、角膜炎、泪囊炎、白内障、角膜上皮剥脱，还可能出现糖尿病视神经病变、糖尿病性眼肌麻痹、新生血管性青光眼。而糖尿病视网膜病变（简称糖网）是糖尿病眼病中最严重的并发症，也是致盲的重要原因之一。在大于40岁的糖尿病患者中，约有40%患有糖网。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">糖尿病患者中老年人居多，当他们的眼睛有一些轻微改变时，常常误认为是一种正常的衰退或者白内障。另外，糖尿病视网膜病变多数由视网膜中周部开始，黄斑未受累时视力没有明显影响，可以没有任何症状，临床上有很多糖尿病患者就是因为没有症状所以从来没有进行过眼科检查，等到出现视力下降再来检查时已经进入了晚期，治疗困难而且效果也不好。也有不少患者是因为出现了眼睛的问题，眼科医生怀疑是糖尿病引起的才去检查血糖，结果发现已经非常严重的并发症了。因此我们建议糖尿病患者不要以是否看得清为标准到眼科就诊。专家建议糖尿病患者从确诊时就应当立即到眼科进行眼底散瞳检查，如果发现已经出现糖网表现应当至少每3个月进行一次散瞳眼底检查，暂时没有出现糖网表现的患者也应当每年检查一次。如果已经出现视力下降、眼前黑影、看东西变形、变小或者视物遮挡、眼红、眼疼等症状，那么可能已经出现了糖尿病眼病，应当尽快到眼科进行详细检查。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">眼科的OCT检查是一项无创的眼科检查，它对于早期发现糖尿病引起的黄斑水肿是非常有帮助的，往往比医生的肉眼判断更为准确。还有一项常用的有创检查就是眼底荧光血管造影检查，它是根据造影观察眼底血管的情况，来发现肉眼难以看到的病变，比如血管渗漏、新生血管和视网膜缺血区。医生需要根据眼底荧光血管造影检查结果来判断病变的严重程度，以便判断是否需要进行激光治疗。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">轻到中度的非增殖期糖网可以保守治疗，口服一些改善微循环及保护神经的药物。重度的非增殖期糖网和增殖期糖网则需要全视网膜光凝。全视网膜光凝的目的是控制糖尿病视网膜病变的发展，但是全视网膜光凝后短期可能出现一过性的视力下降，也会对视野造成一定损害，但从长远看是有利于疾病的控制和视力维持的。及时的激光治疗可避免95%糖尿病致盲，因此把握激光治疗的时机对患者的预后非常重要。对于玻璃体出血或已引起视网膜脱离者需要进行玻璃体切除手术，帮助患者恢复和维持视力。糖尿病引起的黄斑水肿也是导致视力下降的一个主要原因，新出现的抗VEGF药物在治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿方面取得了良好的疗效，能有效提高患者的视力，阻止视力下降，目前这种方法已经越来越多地取代了传统的激光治疗，成为了黄斑水肿的首选治疗方案。但是这一治疗的不足在于通常需要多次重复注射才能达到最佳的效果。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">高血压与糖尿病一样，同样可以引起眼底出血、渗出、视网膜动脉硬化、视网膜静脉阻塞、玻璃体出血、黄斑水肿等，检查同样也需要眼底荧光血管造影和OCT，治疗也是激光、手术和药物。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">贫血、白血病、甲亢、肾病、颅脑疾病等全身病都有可能在眼底有所表现。另外科学家们日前表示，常规的眼部检测也许能提前20年“预警”老年痴呆症的发生，人类视网膜的感光神经细胞跟脑细胞之间有千丝万缕的联系，前者的损伤程度“反映”了后者的衰亡状态。神奇的眼睛蕴含了巨大的健康信息，眼底是唯一能用肉眼直接并集中观察到动脉、静脉和毛细血管的部位，眼底检查可预知全身健康状况。</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1767","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":853,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486631329295,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486631329294,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1485245349701,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"期缘","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"qiyuan99","realName":null,"signName":"早日相逢","head":"/zly-web/resources/images/qq/4.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"jzh@zhao01.com","address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"1849","isDel":0,"createAt":1486631270620,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"糖尿病性视网膜病变激光术后为何视力下降？","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">糖尿病性视网膜病变，若眼底出现新生血管，就应做眼底激光治疗，否则视网膜可能大出血</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">引起其他并发症，导致失明，或引起新生血管性青光眼。激光治疗可以减少视网膜的新生血管，防止黄斑水肿、渗出和视网膜玻璃体出血，减少视功能的损害。但有时也有激光治疗后出现暂时的视力下降，究其原因常见的有：</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">⑴．糖尿病性视网膜病变，激光治疗多是增殖前期病变和增殖期病变治疗，有的患者眼底病变已到期了容易玻璃体易发生出血时期，激光治疗后刚后发生玻璃体大出血，患者视力明显下降，也可能不做激光治疗，玻璃体也会发生大出血，正好是做完激光后促使出血发生。玻璃体出血时患者会眼前有黑影飘动，出血若波及黄斑，视力急剧下降。少数患者可能发生大出血，视力下降很明显，这时可根据中医辨证论治，服中药凉血止血，活血化瘀效果显著。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">⑵．患者以前有过玻璃体出血病史，视网膜前的玻璃体形成前膜，激光治疗时视网膜前膜吸收了激光的部分能量，使膜产生收缩，牵视网膜，使视网膜上的新生血管破裂而产生大出血，出血进入玻璃体内使视力下降。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">⑶．有时激光治疗会导致视网膜下纤维化伴脉络膜新生管形成，从而严重影响中心视力导致视力丧失。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">⑷．激光后中心视力可能下降、周边视野缩窄、旁中心暗和暗适应功能减退。旁中心暗点经过数周或数月后可遂渐消失。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">⑸．视网膜广泛性激光术后也可引起黄斑水肿，或使原有的黄斑水肿加重，影响视力。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">⑹．激光治疗前视力已有明显下降者，光凝后的预后要差一些，对黄斑水肿患者，只要血管改变已到黄斑部，都会引起黄斑区的毛细血管内皮细胞的屏障功能破坏，通透性增加，以及微血管瘤渗漏形成，严重影响视力。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">⑺．老年人有核性白内障，激光治疗时，核内黄色素吸收蓝光多，使晶体内温度升，热效应和光化学效应使白内障发展加快，视力下降。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">尽管激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变有一些并发症，但仍是当今治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变最有效的方法。控制好血糖，积极改善患者全身情况，重视激光后定期随访观察，配合中药治疗，改善视功能，提高生活质量。</span></p>","barId":"1767","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1136,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486631270621,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486631270620,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1485245349701,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"期缘","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"qiyuan99","realName":null,"signName":"早日相逢","head":"/zly-web/resources/images/qq/4.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"jzh@zhao01.com","address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"1217","isDel":0,"createAt":1486631195460,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"糖尿病视网膜病变激光治疗","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">糖尿病是一种常见病，糖尿病可致眼部各组织发生病变，而视网膜病变是糖尿病眼病不可逆转的最严重的并发症。糖尿病性视网膜病变与病程和血糖控制程度相关，而年龄、性别和糖尿病的类型关系不大。糖尿病性视网膜病变在西方国家中为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">50</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">岁以上患者致盲的之首。在国内随着人们生活水平的提高，人的寿命显著延长，我国糖尿病总数每年至少增加</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">100</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">万人。原上海医科大学一组流行病学调查资料显示：病程在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">年以下者糖尿病性视网膜病变的发生率</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">28%;6</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">10</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">年者</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">36.4%;11</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">15</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">年者为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">58%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">；</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">15</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">年以上者为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">72.8%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。糖尿病性视网膜病变早期无自觉症状，病变累及黄斑后有不同程度的视力下降。视网膜内屏障遭到破坏，毛细血管闭塞，产生微血管瘤、视网膜出血、渗出、棉绒斑、黄斑部囊样水肿；由于大面积的毛细血管闭塞，视网膜微循环障碍，血流量严重不足，组织重度缺氧和代谢障碍，视网膜产生血管生长因子，导致产生新生管，这些新生血管仅是由简单的内皮细胞围成的管道，周围没有支撑的结缔组织，没有基膜，也没有感受血流或血压的受体。由于管壁发育不完整，这些血管脆性大，在局部众多因子的作用下容易破裂出血。在增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变中，新生血管可长入内界膜与玻璃体后界膜间，形成纤维血管膜。由于新生血管特殊结构所致其管壁稳定差而易出血的特性，使大量出血可进入玻璃体生成机化物，导致牵拉性视网膜脱离而致盲。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">激光光凝治疗可一定程度地缓解或清除视网膜缺血的水肿和新生血管等病变的发生和发展，至今仍为对糖尿病视网膜病变的黄斑病变、新生血管等有效的治疗方法。美国早期治疗糖尿病视网膜病变研究结果表明临床明显的黄斑水肿经黄斑部激光治疗后，中度视力下降的危险减少</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">50%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">以上，有一小部分患者的视力有所提高，但大多数患者，激光治疗的目的是稳定现有的视力。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">一般来说，糖尿病视网膜病变病Ⅰ、Ⅱ期不需要做激光治疗，Ⅲ、Ⅳ期为治疗的最佳适用症期，Ⅴ、Ⅵ期光凝治疗并发症重且效果差，或考虑玻玻璃体切割术加光凝治疗。</span></p>","barId":"1767","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1140,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486631195462,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486631195460,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1485245349701,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"期缘","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"qiyuan99","realName":null,"signName":"早日相逢","head":"/zly-web/resources/images/qq/4.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"jzh@zhao01.com","address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3873","isDel":0,"createAt":1486631071924,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"视网膜病变——糖尿病患者必须重视的一个问题","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">糖尿病是一组以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。高血糖则是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或其生物作用受损，或两者兼有引起。糖尿病是一个世界性的难题，以致世界卫生组织将</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2016</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">年世界卫生日主题设为&ldquo;打败糖尿病&rdquo;，表明了国际社会对这一疾病的高度关注。随着经济社会的不断进步，生活习惯和饮食结构的改变，中国正陷入糖尿病带来的困境中，最新的糖尿病调查数据显示，中国糖尿病患病率逼近</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">9%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">，达到</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1.1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">亿。由于糖尿病是一个终生性疾病，长期血糖增高，大血管、微血管受损并危及心、脑、肾、周围神经、眼睛、足等，据世界卫生组织统计，糖尿病并发症高达</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">100</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">多种，是目前已知并发症最多的一种疾病。糖尿病死亡者有一半以上是心脑血管所致，</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">10%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">是肾病变所致。因糖尿病截肢的患者是非糖尿病的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">10</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">20</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">倍。而糖尿病视网膜病变（简称糖网）导致的不可逆失明，是有劳动能力患者失明的重要原因，在欧美国家甚至成为首位不可逆致盲原因，有调查显示，糖尿病患者出现糖网的比例高达</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">35%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。临床数据显示，糖尿病发病后</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">10</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">年左右，将有</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">30%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">40%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">的患者至少会发生一种并发症，且并发症一旦产生，药物治疗很难逆转，因此强调尽早预防糖尿病并发症。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">糖网是糖尿病性微血管病变中最重要的表现，是一种具有特异性改变的眼底病变，是糖尿病的严重并发证之一。临床上根据是否出现视网膜新生血管为标志，将没有视网膜新生血管形成的糖网称为非增殖性糖网（或称单纯型或背景型），此时可能眼底仅出现一些微血管瘤、出血点或者软硬性渗出，患者自己可以一点症状都没有，因此很容易被忽略。而将有视网膜新生血管形成的糖网称为增殖性糖网，进入增殖期，会出现新生血管、玻璃体出血，以及出血的机化增殖，导致对视网膜的牵拉，患者的视力就会出现明显下降，严重的还可能失明。另外，还有一些患者，在有比较严重糖网的同时，还引起黄斑中心凹一个视盘直径范围内视网膜增厚或硬性渗出沉积，则称为糖尿病性黄斑水肿，此时不管是否出现视网膜的出血、牵拉，患者视力必然被严重影响。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">很多糖尿病患者就诊时，都会被告知需要眼科检查眼底，这是为什么呢？其实主要原因就是糖网是一种可以预防可治但一旦进入到严重增殖期则很难挽救视力的一种疾病。从上面的糖网的分类来看，当糖网处在非增殖期或者增殖早期，通过有效的血糖控制，合理的眼科治疗，大多能够控制糖网病的进一步发展，保留有用的视力。而如果错过这一个阶段，纵使花再多钱，医生使出&ldquo;洪荒之力&rdquo;，也可能只是望&ldquo;眼&rdquo;兴叹，也就是说，医生都希望我们糖尿病患者能在糖网早期阶段及时给予相应的治疗，避免患者进入到严重的增殖阶段和出现有临床意义的黄斑水肿。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">那么，对于糖网，有什么预防或者处理手段呢？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">一旦发现患有糖尿病，要定时监测糖尿病情况，检查血压、血糖、肾功能、胆固醇等，并及时要对症下药，从根本上清除病源。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">对于早期糖网，第一，定期进行眼底检查，包括常规扩瞳孔查眼底和眼底荧光血管造影检查，明确有无糖网及其严重程度；第二、可以给予合理的药物治疗，主要包括：羟苯磺酸钙、递法明以及弥可保等；第三、视网膜激光光凝治疗：激光光凝治疗被认为是确认的治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的有效方法，临床实验证明光凝治疗在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">个方面对该病的发病过程有有益的作用：一是导致新生血管退化并阻止它们再生；二是减少黄斑水肿。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">一旦糖网进入到严重的增殖期，患者视力多受损严重，上述治疗往往很难发挥作用，就算目前临床出现的新治疗手段，也多以挽救有用视力甚至保眼球为主了。这些方法包括：一是药物治疗，主要有玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德或者抗</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">VEGF</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">药物，前者以减轻黄斑水肿为主，后者则显示出强大的新生血管抑制作用，不过二者也只是对症治疗的手段。二是玻璃体切除手术，主要是针对玻璃体出血、机化等复杂病例，目的是清除积血、解除视网膜牵拉，恢复视网膜解剖关系，保持眼球完整，并为视网膜激光光凝创造条件。</span></p>","barId":"1767","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":905,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486631071925,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486631071924,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1485245349701,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"期缘","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"qiyuan99","realName":null,"signName":"早日相逢","head":"/zly-web/resources/images/qq/4.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"jzh@zhao01.com","address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3179","isDel":0,"createAt":1486630991891,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"糖尿病的并发症之视网膜病变","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(88, 88, 88); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病最常见的微血管并发症之一，患了糖尿病，是否发生糖尿病视网膜病变取决于：患病时间的长短，血糖、血压、血脂的控制情况和个体的差异性。另外，1型糖尿病发生糖尿病视网膜病变早且严重，2型糖尿病发生视网膜病变要晚一些。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(88, 88, 88); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">糖尿病视网膜病变可表现为视力下降，视物模糊，甚至失明等。可完善眼底镜检查，或眼底彩色照相检查确诊。但如果眼底有出血点，建议做眼底荧光血管造影检查，这样可以更清楚地了解糖尿病视网膜病变的程度。</span></p>","barId":"1767","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1193,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486630991893,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486630991891,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1485245349701,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"期缘","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"qiyuan99","realName":null,"signName":"早日相逢","head":"/zly-web/resources/images/qq/4.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"jzh@zhao01.com","address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3317","isDel":0,"createAt":1486630578425,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"糖尿病视网膜病变患者光凝治疗常识","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、糖尿病视网膜病变有哪些主要表现及危害？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病的严重并发症，已经成为主要致盲眼病之一。其发生与糖尿病的病程和血糖控制情况密切相关，随病程的延长发生率逐渐增高，良好地血糖控制可以延缓但不能完全避免其发生。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">长期高血糖导致视网膜的微血管产生损害，早期血管的渗透性增加，血管内的液体或其它成分渗入视网膜，出现微动脉瘤、出血点、硬性或软性渗出，视网膜静脉扩张，视力轻度到中度下降，临床上称为单纯型；由于视网膜的长期缺血缺氧，经过一段时间后，视网膜上会长出一些小的新生血管，称为增殖型，这些异常的血管非常容易破裂出血，出血多了就严重影响视力，反复的出血还可以导致玻璃体视网膜机化膜的形成，引起继发性视网膜脱离，甚至并发新生血管性青光眼，导致失明及眼球萎缩。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、如何早期发现糖尿病视网膜病变？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">早期发现是及时主动治疗的关键。所有的糖尿病患者都应根据糖尿病病程及眼科医生检查的情况，每</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3-12</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">个月行眼底检查，病情严重者应缩短检查间期。如果检查发现有视网膜异常，通常会要求进行眼底荧光血管造影检查，该检查对了解糖尿病视网膜病变的程度、选择治疗方案、指导光凝治疗、客观判断疗效均有极其重要的价值，有些患者半年到</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">年左右需要复查</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">次造影。根据情况还可以进行视觉电生理、视野、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">OCT</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">等检查。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、糖尿病视网膜病变如何治疗？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">根本性治疗是严格地内科治疗，包括饮食治疗、口服降糖药、使用胰岛素及中医中药治疗，同时可以辅助性使用活血化淤的药物和维生素等，早期严格血糖控制可以显著延缓其发生。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">通过眼底血管造影检查，确定视网膜病变严重即将或已经发生新生血管，及时进行视网膜光凝治疗非常重要。在目前尚无彻底根治和预防糖尿病视网膜病变的情况下，光凝治疗被证实是防止糖尿病视网膜病变失明唯一有效的方法，成为目前治疗及预防糖尿病视网膜病变失明的主要手段。对于严重的玻璃体积血及视网膜有增殖、牵拉、脱离的患者，只有进行玻璃体切割手术治疗才能恢复部分视力，术前玻璃体腔内注射抗</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">VEGF</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">药物能使手术中出血减少，术后视力恢复更好些，缺点是价格昂贵。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">4</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、糖尿病视网膜病变光凝治疗的机理是什么？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">光凝治疗的可能机理是：消除新生血管，减轻视网膜水肿，使异常的渗漏出血的血管闭塞；破坏部分代谢旺盛、耗氧量大的细胞，改善视网膜的缺氧状态，有利于保证重要部位黄斑的血氧供应；光凝形成的瘢痕可以抵抗对视网膜的牵拉，防止视网膜脱离。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、糖尿病视网膜病变光凝的方法有哪些？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">根据眼底检查及造影结果确定的疾病的严重程度，可以采用标准全视网膜光凝术、黄斑区格栅样光凝、局部光凝等方法，通常分</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3-5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">次完成，每次间隔</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1-2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">周进行。有些患者在完成激光治疗经过一段时间后，经检查如有必要还需要补充光凝治疗。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">6</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、实施光凝治疗前有哪些注意事项？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">首先要有近期的眼底荧光血管造影结果，帮助医生明确视网膜新生血管的部位及严重程度，以便指导准确治疗。有屈光间质不清，比如有角膜浑浊、白内障、玻璃体眼底出血较多时，阻碍光线通过，均不利于光凝治疗，有些患者需要先摘除白内障。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变如不及时治疗，往往在较短的时期内就会因出血及视网膜脱离而失明，光凝并非能完全阻止其发展，只是能大大减少出血的机会和程度，降低严重视力丧失的比例，所有接受光凝的患者对此应有明确的认识，甚至有少数严重患者在等待激光治疗的过程中发生大出血而被迫手术治疗。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">7</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、光凝治疗中应注意哪些事项？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">患者经检查确定要进行视网膜光凝治疗时，凭激光治疗收费单到门诊三楼眼科手术室登记预约，按照指定的时间，携带造影结果及病历，到激光室外等候工作人员滴药。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">在治疗过程要保持心态平静，不要紧张，尽量保持头位不动，以免影响激光的准确瞄准治疗，另一只眼闭上，避免激光散射引起损伤。治疗中可能有轻微的酸胀痛感，不能忍受或有其它特殊情况及时向医生说明，医生会适当调整，千万不要突然大幅度移动头位，防止激光造成其它地方的损伤。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">8</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、光凝治疗术后可能出现哪些并发症？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">糖尿病视网膜病变晚期，无论采用什么方法治疗，都难以恢复理想的视功能，虽然光凝治疗对视功能有一定负面影响，但是对挽救和维持患者的有用视力是非常有效的，而且这种治疗的风险是很低的，光凝治疗后能降低大约超过</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">60%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">已进展的糖尿病视网膜病变严重失明的危险，但是不能避免所有的出血及视力下降。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">视网膜光凝的并发症发生率较低，极少数患者可能出现早期视力暂时性下降（半年左右才能恢复并保持稳定）、角膜上皮糜烂、晶体浑浊加重、眼压一过性升高、葡萄膜炎、黄斑水肿的加重、渗出性视网膜脱离、视网膜的新生血管破裂出血、视野改变等，这些情况的发生与患者疾病本身还在发展的状况、治疗过程中配合的程度、激光本身的副作用等因素有关，一般不会引起严重后果。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">9</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、光凝治疗后为什么还要复查，如何复查随访？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">糖尿病视网膜病变光凝治疗的成功需要与血糖的控制、其它辅助的药物治疗相结合，而且要在不断的观察中确认和调整，因此，病人的积极主动随诊非常重要。一般全视网膜光凝后</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2-3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">月应重新评估新生血管的活动情况，如果新生血管已萎缩，而且光凝色素斑分布均匀，患者可</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; 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minor-latin;\">总之，糖尿病视网膜病变的病情复杂多样，晚期视力预后较差，激光治疗是糖尿病视网膜病变的主要治疗手段，积极主动进行激光治疗是挽救患者视功能和提高其生活质量的关键所在。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">切记：早期的激光预防性治疗比后期任何复杂手术治疗都更简单、经济、有效。</span></p>","barId":"1767","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":967,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486630578427,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486630578425,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1485245349701,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"期缘","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"qiyuan99","realName":null,"signName":"早日相逢","head":"/zly-web/resources/images/qq/4.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"jzh@zhao01.com","address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2593","isDel":0,"createAt":1486630497244,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"过半糖友视网膜病变 糖尿病视网膜病变治疗","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000; text-align: left;\">　　据统计，目前中国的患病人数在1.14亿左右，这当中约有30%已经发生眼底改变。即使在美国这样的发达国家，由于糖尿病引起失明的病人每年也大约有1.2万~2.4万人。长期高血糖可导致全身血管尤其微血管病变，从而对心、眼、肾、足、脑等产生严重危害。当累及眼睛时，就会导致糖尿病视网膜病变、白内障、屈光度改变、虹膜睫状体炎、新生血管性青光眼等，其中糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病最常见的严重并发症之一，会造成不可逆性视残甚至失明。据统计，在糖尿病患者中，发生视网膜病变者达50%以上。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　糖友为何易发生视网膜病变？</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\">　　一旦患上糖尿病，眼睛便会受到影响。从最常见的干眼症、麦粒肿，到大家熟知的青光眼、白内障，其中对视力影响最大的是视网膜病变。糖尿病视网膜病变的产生是由于血糖高，通俗点说，血管长时间泡在糖水里，管壁被泡坏，进而部分血管闭塞造成缺血、缺氧的现象。此时为保证正常供血，人体会长出新生血管，而这些血管很脆弱，管壁没有弹性，容易破裂，于是会有少量出血。此时患者的眼睛并没有什么感觉。而随病症进一步恶化会出现黑影，最后大量出血，生成增殖膜，甚至导致失明的严重后果。如果眼睛到了这个阶段，治疗就非常棘手，效果也很有限。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　视网膜病变的治疗方法有哪些？</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\">　　糖尿病性视网膜病变共分六期，早期眼底只有一些小动脉瘤，小片出血，渗出等改变，病人的视力可能很好，不容易发现。病情进展到一定程度，出现了黄斑水肿、玻璃体出血、牵拉性视网膜脱离、新生血管性青光眼等改变时，视力就会出现严重的损害了，而且有些病人的损害是不可逆的。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\">　　专家强调，治疗糖尿病视网膜病变，首先要积极控制糖尿病，早期确诊糖尿病，早期采用控制饮食、口服降血糖药物、注射胰岛素及适当运动等措施控制糖尿病。另外，可采取药物保守治疗。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\">　　对早期糖尿病视网膜病变（单纯型）除严格控制糖尿病外，可采用药物治疗方法。同时，根据患者的情况也可以采取激光治疗。专家表示，一旦发现有增殖性视网膜病变后，激光治疗使部分视网膜血管被激光凝固，剩余的视网膜可以得到较丰富的血氧供应，阻断了引起新生血管的刺激作用，因此有可能阻止视网膜病变的发展。而对于增殖型糖尿病性视网膜病变患者，可采取玻璃体切割术。玻璃体内有较多机化物时，视网膜电图正常者，可以采用切除玻璃体内机化物，以防止牵引性视网膜脱离，适当提高视力。</p>\n<p>0</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1767","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":857,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486630497246,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486630497244,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1485245349701,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"期缘","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"qiyuan99","realName":null,"signName":"早日相逢","head":"/zly-web/resources/images/qq/4.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"jzh@zhao01.com","address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null}],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":25,"pageNumber":1,"totalPage":1,"totalRow":7},"focus":0,"userDtos":[],"currCount":0,"lyBar":{"id":"1767","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430771677,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"糖尿病视网膜病变","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"50a1407cbadb11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:糖尿病眼病论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"糖尿病眼病论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛\",\"title\":\"糖尿病眼病论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:糖尿病眼病的治疗_糖尿病眼病治疗方法_糖尿病眼病怎么治疗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"糖尿病眼病的治疗_糖尿病眼病治疗方法_糖尿病眼病怎么治疗\",\"title\":\"糖尿病眼病的治疗_糖尿病眼病治疗方法_糖尿病眼病怎么治疗\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:糖尿病眼睛并发症前兆_糖尿病眼病早期症状_糖尿病眼病症状等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"糖尿病眼睛并发症前兆_糖尿病眼病早期症状_糖尿病眼病症状\",\"title\":\"糖尿病眼睛并发症前兆_糖尿病眼病早期症状_糖尿病眼病症状\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:糖尿病对眼睛的损害_糖尿病眼的并发症_糖尿病眼睛并发症等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"糖尿病对眼睛的损害_糖尿病眼的并发症_糖尿病眼睛并发症\",\"title\":\"糖尿病对眼睛的损害_糖尿病眼的并发症_糖尿病眼睛并发症\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:糖尿病眼睛模糊吃什么_糖尿病吃什么对眼睛好_糖尿病眼不能吃什么等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"糖尿病眼睛模糊吃什么_糖尿病吃什么对眼睛好_糖尿病眼不能吃什么\",\"title\":\"糖尿病眼睛模糊吃什么_糖尿病吃什么对眼睛好_糖尿病眼不能吃什么\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:糖尿病眼睛怎么引起的_糖尿病眼睛的原因_糖尿病眼睛的病因等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"糖尿病眼睛怎么引起的_糖尿病眼睛的原因_糖尿病眼睛的病因\",\"title\":\"糖尿病眼睛怎么引起的_糖尿病眼睛的原因_糖尿病眼睛的病因\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:糖尿病眼睛看不清_糖尿病眼睛总是模糊_糖尿病眼睛看不见了等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"糖尿病眼睛看不清_糖尿病眼睛总是模糊_糖尿病眼睛看不见了\",\"title\":\"糖尿病眼睛看不清_糖尿病眼睛总是模糊_糖尿病眼睛看不见了\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:如何预防糖尿病眼病_糖尿病眼病的预防方法_怎么预防糖尿病眼等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"如何预防糖尿病眼病_糖尿病眼病的预防方法_怎么预防糖尿病眼\",\"title\":\"如何预防糖尿病眼病_糖尿病眼病的预防方法_怎么预防糖尿病眼\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:什么是糖尿病视网病变_糖尿病眼病三期严重吗_糖尿病视网膜病变4期_糖尿病视网病变病友的治疗经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"什么是糖尿病视网病变_糖尿病眼病三期严重吗_糖尿病视网膜病变4期\",\"title\":\"什么是糖尿病视网病变_糖尿病眼病三期严重吗_糖尿病视网膜病变4期\"}","adInfo":null},"foodCouponValThan":null,"zlyTopic":{"id":"1767","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1767","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"pageTopics":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":10,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"herfList":[],"forumUserFocusBar":{"id":null,"isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"barId":null,"barName":null,"barType":0,"webType":0,"userType":0}}