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【我国近视患者达6亿 青少年近视率世界第一】世界卫生组织的一项研究报告显示，目前我国近视患者达6亿，青少年近视率居世界第一。高中生和大学生的近视率均已超过七成并逐年上升，小学生的近视率也接近40%。学业压力、电子产品是罪魁祸首。

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对此有网友表示：

 

波杰克马克：我读大学才有的手机，照样小学就近视了[doge]

 

超级沛比-：熬夜写作业[喵喵]

 

走起路来带风：我上三年级就近视了[吃瓜]

 

Peggie_佩：一度不相信看电子小说会近视...看完我就相信了[跪了]

 

乡下阿甘：读书近视眼

 

王阁义：天天坐教室不近视才怪，室外活动太缺乏了


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【为什么视力表上要用“E”字？】为什么视力表要用“E”字而不用ABC？有人说，因为“E”是英文单词“Eyes”（眼睛）的首字母，但这并不准确。科学家在设计中包含了视角原理，一定距离下，特定边宽的“E”代表了人眼能捕捉的最小视角。1952年，“E”表才在全中国范围内普及开来。美国现沿用拉丁字母组成的视力表，日本则采用了 “C表”。

\"视力表为什么用E  

对此有网友表示：

 

蒲田潮贩：劳资把视力表背下来了，可是棍子棍子在指哪…

 

我愿用一生节操换银魂永不完结：我一边100度，一边600度………真的，根本看不到那个E，我就是个瞎子

 

沈阳飞豹队：因为E最好认，如果是O就只能抓瞎了

 

MAMMOETZEALOT：还有一种更小的是C，咋解释？我同学他爸是飞行员退役，家里贴这么个

 

蟹子飞全球：飞行员都用C，更考眼力！


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我右眼近视800，左眼750，有轻度玻璃浑浊，男朋友近视也700多，但是双方父母的视力是正常的，请问我们结婚以后，将来孩子会被我们的高度近视遗传吗？一直很担心这个问题，所以想先了解一下。


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我孩子今年8岁，爷爷奶奶平时太宠了，老玩电脑和手机，前段时间我看他总是皱着眉头，就带他去医院做检查，医生说孩子已经有近视的倾向了，需要赶快抓紧时间矫正，孩子现在还小就戴眼镜很不方便。想先问问儿童近视眼怎么治疗比较好？希望给点建议。


","barId":"1780","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":880,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1522129317076,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1522129632350,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1509170261557,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"王可可","password":"wrj123123","level":0,"nickName":"搁浅","realName":null,"signName":"总有一天你的努力会收获","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1520299822787.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"1516932689@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"13298","isDel":0,"createAt":1522128059952,"createBy":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"1516932689@qq.com","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"近视加散光能做手术吗","content":"

我的左眼近视600度，右眼近视750，两个眼睛都有散光情况，并且散光还比较严重，最近正考虑要不要做激光手术来调整，但是不知道近视加散光能做手术吗？是不是能完全摘除眼镜。


","barId":"1780","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":827,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1522128059954,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1522128232288,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1509170261557,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"王可可","password":"wrj123123","level":0,"nickName":"搁浅","realName":null,"signName":"总有一天你的努力会收获","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1520299822787.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"1516932689@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"13296","isDel":0,"createAt":1522127512539,"createBy":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"1516932689@qq.com","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"近视散光能治好吗","content":"

我上初中的时候眼睛看东西就比较模糊，那时候就去配了近视眼镜，几乎每年都会定期检查视力。之前只是近视没有散光，但是现在不光近视度数加深了，而且还出现了散光。想了解一下近视散光能治好吗？


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我近视一年多了，最开始去检查配眼镜的时候是一百多度，可是现在我戴着眼镜看东西已经越来越模糊了，应该是加深了，心理很是担忧，我平时还是比较注意用眼卫生的呢，怎样防止近视加深呢？希望大家能给些建议。


","barId":"1780","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":795,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1522036300450,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1522036367917,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1509170261557,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"王可可","password":"wrj123123","level":0,"nickName":"搁浅","realName":null,"signName":"总有一天你的努力会收获","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1520299822787.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"1516932689@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"13278","isDel":0,"createAt":1522035941876,"createBy":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"1516932689@qq.com","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"近视眼会老花吗","content":"

以前我就很喜欢玩电脑，而且有时坐在电脑前一天都不动，整天不出门，现在感觉自己有时眼睛很酸，而且看电视时的距离也近了，现在近视度数越来越高，不知道以后老了近视眼会老花眼吗？


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现在近视的人越来越多，治疗的方法也很有成效。目前来说，准分子激光手术直至今日已有20多年的治病历史，有很多人通过她重新恢复了视力，所以这个手术是目前世界公认的治疗近视最安全、最有效的治疗近视的方式。但是因为手术本身和环境等因素的干扰，这个手术同样也会存在一定的风险，即便是最简单的阑尾炎手术也是有风险的。那么，近视的患者做完激光手术后会有哪些后遗症呢？


\"专家告诉您近视的患者做完激光手术后会有哪些后遗症\"

 

专家建议大家在手术之前一定要做一个非常详细的术前检查，通过检查听医生建议是否可以做手术，如果医生认为您的术后效果不理想，或者有潜在的术后安全隐患，或者术后有副作用及并发症，或有回退的可能，那么医生就不会给你实施手术了。

 

近视患者做激光手术造成失明的人非常的少，几乎一万个人里面只有两三个会失明。因为激光手术是在角膜上做手术，手术后会降低角膜中间的抵抗力和免疫力，而且角膜中央会变薄。在年纪很大了以后，由于眼压增加，变薄的地方不能抵抗正常的眼内压，从而形成圆锥角膜，如果后期圆锥角膜控制不好，还会导致角膜穿孔，严重者就会导致失明。当然这只是最坏的情况，但不是所有患者做了手术之后都会失明。手术后遗症大多都在20年以后才会发生，前期不会有明显感觉。在手术后注意医生的叮嘱，不让做的事情不要做。

 

找良医网温馨提示：以上就是关于近视的患者做完激光手术后会有哪些后遗症的介绍，希望能对大家有所帮助，如有身体不适请及时到医院就诊，最后，祝愿大家身体健康！


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现今社会物质经济水平飞速上升，然而人们也面临着各种各样的压力，例如学习的压力，使越来越多的学生患上近视；上班族整天的对着电脑，一整天的工作下来，使得眼睛酸涩无比、眼疲劳，最终让近视的患者更加近视。面对近视的问题，大家的解决通常是戴副眼镜或者做个风险很大的手术，但有人想过近视会给孩子带来哪些影响吗？下面带大家一起来了解一下。


\"专家告诉您近视会给孩子带来哪些影响\"

 

拖累学习  

近视的孩子学习起来会很吃力，要比不近视的孩子多付出30%的努力。近视产生的视物模糊、眼睛干涩酸痛、精神难以集中以及情绪烦躁甚至头晕等现象，使得孩子在学习上花费更长的时间。

 

拖累升学  

近视会拖累孩子升学，每年都有大批的考生，因为近视不能报考自己渴望的专业，如电子信息、生物工程、医学制药、飞行、航海技术等近30个专业，严重影响孩子的人生职业规划。

 

度数加深   

因为要学习，所以近视的孩子度数还会不断加深。大多数家长在孩子近视了，就着急配眼镜，但是眼镜只有矫正作用，对治疗并没有任何作用。孩子戴眼镜后看清了远处，但近距离读写时近视镜片又加重了用眼负担，从而致使眼睛度数不断加深。

 

遗传     

自身近视眼的同时还可能遗传给后代。如果父母都是高度近视的，子女近视的比例是100%，如果不采取治疗，世代都会成为眼镜的奴隶。

 

找良医网温馨提示：以上就是关于近视会给孩子带来哪些影响的介绍，希望能对大家有所帮助，希望各位定期做身体检查，家长一定要重视孩子的习惯，如果近视的征兆，请及时去相关医院做治疗矫正，以免延误治疗影响孩子的正常生活秩序，最后，祝愿大家身体健康！


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近视在我们的生活中很常见，随处都能看到戴眼镜的人。近视又是个缓慢的过程，现在医疗技术如此发达，倒也可以治好。但是，我们在生活中也要注意通过饮食保护眼睛，从而降低和预防近视。下面跟大家介绍下近视吃什么对眼睛好呢？

 

\"专家告诉您近视吃什么对眼睛好\"


近视的患者可以多吃紫色食物，比如葡萄、黑莓、无花果、樱桃、甜菜根、茄子、紫甘薯、黑龙珠黑土豆、血橙、红球甘蓝、蓝莓、红莓、草莓、桑葚、山楂皮、紫苏、黑(红)米等，对儿童眼睛近视有很大的帮助。因为紫色的蔬菜和水果有大量的花青素，它能够加快视网膜上的视紫质合成和再生，从而可以让视网膜适应光线的变化，提高眼睛在暗处的辨识力。还可以加强适应对黑暗弱光的敏感度，视紫质是眼球视网膜上所含的一种化学物质，遇光即分解，刺激视神经末梢，由视神经把刺激传到大脑，产生视觉。所以，视紫质对眼睛视觉的形成有着很大的帮助。还可以多吃桂圆肉、山药、胡萝卜、菠菜、番薯、芋头、玉米、动物肝脏、牛肉、桑椹、红枣等食物，或者以红枣、人参、枸杞、菊花、罗汉果泡茶饮用，对眼睛也有很好的保护作用。

 

找良医网温馨提示：以上就是关于近视吃什么对眼睛好的介绍，希望能对大家有所帮助，在生活中注意形成良好的生活饮食习惯，如有身体不适请及时到医院就诊，最后，祝愿大家身体健康！


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近几年来近视眼的危害可以说是越来越大了，很多患者都是因为即使对近视眼的危害引起一定的重视而导致病情一直在蔓延。近视眼一直是困扰人群的一种视力疾病，但是近几年科技水平的不断加强，日常生活中离不开手机、电脑，就会对孩子导致一些视力影响，大人们要注意用眼卫生，也要及时地培养孩子的正确用眼方法。那么，严重近视的危害有哪些?

 

 \"专家为您解答严重近视的危害\"

 

严重近视的危害1、近视眼会危害并且影响身心健康：因为孩子近视，很多体育活动没法儿参加，以至于影响孩子身体正常发育，导致孩子体质虚弱多病，身心健康受到很大影响。

 

严重近视的危害2、影响孩子前途未来：如果儿童得了近视，上学选择专业和就业有很大被限制的道路，近视眼危害会影响前途并且会有极大影响。

 

严重近视的危害3、近视眼危害为遗传后代：现在医学上的飞速发展已经证明，由于后天不注意因素得的近视，如果没有得到治疗，也有可能遗传后代。

 

严重近视的危害4、生活质量降低：因为孩子近视的话，日常生活非常不方便，比如：社会交际、旅游外出、参加一些娱乐活动都很有困难，所以会产生心理障碍，导致生活质量低下。

 

严重近视的危害5、影响美观：中高度近视，会导致眼球突出，眼睑松弛，影响外貌。

 

严重近视的危害6、可能发生失明：高度近视容易引发玻璃体混浊、视网膜出血和脱离而致盲。

 

找良医网温馨提示：近视眼疾病的发生，是会直接影响到患者的正常工作以及学习，所以为了不要造成更加严重的致盲现象发生，我们应呼吁大家在平常一定要注意自己的眼部卫生，并且养成良好的用眼习惯，在日常生活的饮食中要多补充丰富的高质量蛋白食物，是可有效地避免近视发生。


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大家都在日常生活中对近视眼都是了解的，但是近视这种疾病对于眼部的伤害很大，也给我们的生活带来不便，那么，近视常见的危害有哪些呢?

 

\"近视度数过高有哪些危害——专家为您打好预防针\"


什么是近视呢？有大部分近视的人的视力度数高了就变成近视了，近视是指的是近视度数大于600度、伴随眼轴延长、眼底视网膜和脉络膜萎缩性等退行性病变为主要特征的屈光不正。

 

近视度数过高常见的危害：

 

1、巩膜后葡萄肿：眼球后部的伸张，若局限于一小部分时，从切片中是可以看到一个尖锐的突起，叫作巩膜后葡萄肿。这种萎缩性病灶如发生在黄斑处，可合并中心视力下降。

 

2、近视眼会形成豹纹状眼底：视网膜的血管离开视盘后即变细变直，同时由于脉络膜毛细血管伸长，会影响视网膜色素上皮层的营养，从而导致浅层色素消失，致使脉络膜血管外露，引发似豹纹状眼底。

 

3、近视眼弧形斑视盘周围的脉络膜在巩膜伸张力量的牵扯下，从乳头颞侧脱开，使其后面的巩膜暴露，成为白色的弧形斑。如眼球后极部继续扩展延伸，则脉络膜的脱开逐步由乳头颞侧伸展至视盘四周，最终导致环状斑。此斑内可见不规则的色素和硬化的脉络膜血管。

 

4、近视的常见危害还包括近视眼科引起黄斑部变化：可形成不规则的、单独或融合的白色萎缩斑，有时会出血。另外，在黄斑部附近偶见有变性病灶，表现为一个黑色环状区，较视盘略小，边界清楚，边缘可看到很小的圆形出血，称为Foster-Fuchs斑。

 

找良医网温馨提示：以上就是近视眼的危害的内容，而对于近视的发生其实很多近视的患者都没有预防近视，且引发了近视。在这提醒大家在生活中眼部疾病还是要做好预防。


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近视是由多种因素导致的，近视眼患者只能看近不能看远，现代电子产品的普及，日益加大了对青少年视力的损伤。那么导致儿童视力近视眼的形成原因是什么呢?下面我们一起来了解。

 

\"跟着专家来了解下导致儿童视力近视眼的形成原因是什么\"


1、照明条件：适合的照明条件是可以有效预防近视的产生，但是在强光照射下或昏暗灯光下看书写字，是很容易发生近视。

 

2、用眼习惯：不恰当的用眼习惯是引发近视的重要因素，比如躺着、趴着看书，读书写字时书本离眼睛比较近，走路或在动态的车厢内看书，用眼时间过长等。这也都是诱发近视眼的因素。

 

3、身体状况：身体健康状况不佳，体质较差，身体患有某种疾病，都可成为发生近视的诱发因素。

 

4、营养状况：充足的营养、合理的膳食是保证眼睛健康的因素。蛋白质、维生素、钙等都是保护眼睛正常功能的营养物质，这些营养物质缺乏时，也是非常容易诱发近视。这也是形成近视眼的原因之一。

 

 近视主要有40%是遗传，父母是高度近视者，子女患近视的机会比别的人明显增多；父母亲都没有近视，那么子女发生近视的机会就会减少，但是有遗传因素的人，如果不注意环境原因的影响，会更容易发生近视。

 

通过上述找良医网介绍的内容，相信朋友们对于近视眼的形成原因已经有了大概的了解。在这提醒大家在生活中做好眼睛保健，避免造成近视眼。


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大家常说，眼睛是心灵的窗口。就目前的情况来看，中学生近视眼患者越来越多。近视严重影响着中学生的学习和生活，给大家带来了很大的不方便。所以，保护眼睛，预防近视，应该引起中小学生的高度重视。

 

\"专家为你介绍造成中学生近视眼的主要原因\"


引起近视眼的主要原因就是眼睛受到了长时间的不良刺激。那么，造成中学生近视眼的主要原因有以下几个方面：

 

造成中学生近视眼的主要原因1、看书写字姿势不直，正确的书写姿势应该是书本与眼睛的距离在25～35厘米。不能过近的看书写字，也不能躺着看书，侧着看书等。

 

造成中学生近视眼的主要原因2、走路看书或坐车时看书，这主要是因为走路或坐车时，由于是动态中，所以视点不稳定，对眼睛有严重的损害。

 

造成中学生近视眼的主要原因3、光线不对，尽量不要在光线很强或很弱的环境中看书写字。

 

造成中学生近视眼的主要原因4、一直对着电脑玩电子游戏，长时间玩电子游戏可造成过重的的X射线进入眼内，导致眼睛神经细胞破坏。

 

找良医网温馨提示：预防中小学生近视眼的最重要的就是从小养成良好的用眼习惯，学习工作时间加长，也要适当的多眺望远处或多看一些绿色植物，经常做一做眼保操等。


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近视眼是由哪些因素引起的？相信很多人对于引起近视眼的原因都不是非常的清楚，一般大家都会认为它是由用眼过度或者用眼不健康引起的。但除了这个原因外，其它原因也可以引起近视眼疾病，下面找良医网就来为大家具体介绍一下引起近视眼的因素：


\"近视眼是由哪些因素引起

1.眼部因素。眼部因素主要指一些眼部疾病所引发的近视。比如先天性白内障、上睑下垂、角膜病变、晶体后纤维增生、视神经病变等，就可诱发近视眼。

 

2.遗传因素。高度近视和遗传有关，多数调查资料的结论是常染色体隐性遗传，因此父代与子代可以不同时出现近视。

 

3.环境因素。环境因素主要是近距离作业和不良的作业环境，环境条件是决定近视眼形成的客观因素。比如长期在近距离阅读或近距离工作影响下，就易产生近视。

 

4.地区差异及社会经济因素。这和其生活水平、居住环境及饮食营养均有关。比如农村学生看电视和用计算机的时间比较少，因而近视眼发生率较城镇学生为低。

 

5.发育因素：婴儿因眼球较小，故均系远视，但随着年龄的增长，眼轴也逐渐加长，至青春期方发育正常。如发育过度，则形成近视，此种近视称为单纯性近视，多在学龄期开始。一般都低于6.00D。至20岁左右即停止发展。如幼年时进展很快，至15～20岁时进展更速，以后即减慢，这类近视常高于6.00D，可到20D～25D或30D。这种近视称为高度近视或进行性近视或病理性近视。此种近视到晚年可发和退行性变，因此视力可逐渐减退，配镜不能矫正视力。很少在出生时就有近视眼，但有极少数为先天性的。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！

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现在社会发展迅速，生活水平提高，很多儿童的眼镜近视就产生了，多数是因为家长们的纵容，看电视，看手机等，那么，儿童眼睛近视的原因有哪些呢？找良医网告诉您：


\"儿童眼睛近视的原因有哪些\"

1、户外活动时间太少

现在的生活空间太狭小，孩子大多数时候都在室内活动，近距离用眼的时候很多，而孩子的眼睛适应性是很强的，它会自己调节去适应这个近距离。而且，在屋里的时候多了，看电视、玩电脑的机会也就增多了，如果再不注意距离、姿势，很容易让眼睛过度疲劳。

 

2、以室内游戏为主

户外活动时，眼睛会自动调节去看不同距离的东西，远近交替地用眼，使眼睛的睫状肌得到调节，不会感到疲劳。而现在家长出于安全、方便等原因，多数情况下是让孩子在家里玩。即使约了小朋友一起玩，不是去他家就是在你家，还是以室内游戏为主。这样，孩子都在近距离用眼，眼睛的负担很重。

 

3、灯光强弱不当

“灯光够不够亮？我担心灯光太暗了会影响孩子的视力。”我们一般都这么想。实际上，眼科专家认为，现在孩子看书、写字的灯光不是太暗，而是太亮了。过强的光线会使孩子的眼睛很容易感到疲劳。孩子需要的是柔和的光，而且要保证光线来自于孩子的左前方。所以，晚上孩子看书、写字时，可选择能调节明暗度的灯，将亮度调到柔和为准。

 

4、看近处的时候太多

在城市里，人们的视线大部分时间都在5 米以内，你根本无法跟孩子解释什么是地平线，因为根本就看不见！正是因为城市里视野不开阔，缺少可以提供给孩子极目远眺的环境，不需要用远视，所以，他的远视功能就会越来越弱。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！

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\"专家向您解答

近视眼的危害性主要在于并发症，除远视力等视功能普遍低下以及特有的体征(豹纹状眼底及视盘弧形斑等)外，近视眼的并发症多种多样。通常随屈光度的加深及年龄增长而逐渐增多与加重，从而导致更多视觉功能的不断受损。而且由于脉络膜视网膜变性、黄斑病变及视网膜脱离等的损害，时可致盲。引起并发症的病理学基础主要为眼轴延长、血液循环障碍、营养不良及特异性的组织变性等。常见并发症包括：①由于眼结构异常、营养障碍引起的玻璃体、脉络膜及视网膜变性;②由于眼轴延长、巩膜伸长、生物力学异常所致的黄斑变性萎缩及后极部葡萄肿;③由于视力低下、屈光参差及调节辐辏功能失调所致的弱视及斜视等。多种多样的病理表现既可看作是近视眼的并发症，亦可归属为变性近视眼的本身征象，其中有着复杂的因果关系。

 

1.玻璃体病变

近视眼有着特征性的玻璃体变化。由于眼轴延长，玻璃体腔增大，促使玻璃体发生进行性变性，从而相继发生液化、混浊及后脱离等。胶状玻璃体液化，正常网架结构破坏，留下空虚的光学间隙。原有薄纱样的纤维支架组织已不完整，时有点状、条状、块状或膜状混浊漂浮物。眼球运动时，这些游离物飘动更为明显，因而眼前似有蚊蝇飞动的现象。随着眼轴的不断伸长，玻璃体与视网膜之间可出现一些空隙。空隙为淋巴液填充，从而形成玻璃体后脱离。后脱离在检眼镜下呈鱼嘴状，圆形或椭圆形。裂隙灯下切面呈带状，其后为透明液体。玻璃体脱离加上已变性和收缩的玻璃体对视网膜的牵引，而易引发视网膜脱离。

 

2.白内障 

由于近视眼的眼内血液循环障碍及组织变性等异常，晶状体亦可受累，主要表现为晶状体混浊。混浊可为后极型，亦可呈核性。色棕黄，病程进展较慢。核性混浊者，因晶状体屈光力增加，可使近视程度一时性加深。晶状体手术时及手术后的合并症，近视眼较无近视眼者为多。除白内障外，近视眼亦有可能引发晶状体脱位。

 

3.青光眼

在近视患者中，开角型青光眼患病率为正常人的6～8倍。正常眼压性青光眼及可疑青光眼的比例也明显高于其他人群。而在开角型青光眼患者中，近视眼占46.9%。通常多见于40岁以下及眼轴超过26.5mm者。患者可较早出现盲点，生理盲点亦较正常眼为大。眼压多为轻度升高，平均5.02kPa(37.74mmHg)。房水流畅系数(C值)较低，压畅比(Po/C)较高，房水流量较低，角膜曲率较大，巩膜硬度系数(E值)偏低，前房较深。视盘边界模糊，色泽对比不明显，凹陷多不典型，但杯盘比多高于正常人，血管屈膝及移位现象不明显。皮质类固醇诱发试验的阳性率较高。有些变性近视眼伴有高眼压时，视盘边缘陡峭程度变大，且多先于视野改变及视盘凹陷扩大之前出现。由于病程缓慢，青光眼的征象多不明显。早期的异常多为近视眼的表现所混淆或掩盖(如常把青光眼视盘凹陷看作为近视眼的可能表现等)，故变性近视眼伴发的青光眼常被漏诊，尤当常规采用压陷式(Schiötz眼压计)方法测定的眼压，多因近视眼的眼球壁变薄而偏低。因此近视眼测定眼压可采用压平眼压计。若用Schiötz眼压计，则应有巩膜硬度(E值)及矫正眼压(P0)记录。对于度数较高的近视眼，若出现难以解释的视力下降及屈光度短期内迅速加深情况，即应注意有无青光眼的可能。青光眼的存在可使近视眼的病理过程加快加重，从而引发更多的器质性与功能性的损害。变性近视眼与青光眼相互影响，可终致恶性循环：眼压升高，促使眼轴延长;而由于眼轴延长，脉络膜视网膜更趋变薄，微循环及血供均进一步受到影响，从而视功能更易受到高眼压的损害。眼压作用应理解为既包括升高的眼压作用，亦包括眼压虽属正常，但承受眼压的组织薄弱、抗力低下，同样能引发病理改变。决定青光眼与决定近视眼的基因之间相互影响的新近研究表明，两者间可能存在有遗传学上的更多联系。


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\"近视眼是怎么回事

找良医网向您详细介绍近视眼的病理病因，近视眼主要是由什么原因引起的。


近视眼病因

主要病因： 遗传因素，发育因素，环境因素等所致


一、发病原因

引起近视眼的原因，至今看法仍不统一，但归结起来不外于遗传和环境两大因素。人的视觉器官是适应外界光的不断变化而变异和进化的。现就遗传和环境对眼的影响分述如下。


1.遗传因素(hereditary factor)

根据群体调查，已证明各民族之间近视眼的发病率差别很大，亚洲人中以中国人和日本人多发近视。欧洲犹太人较英、德等国本地人的近视眼为多见。Stephoson于1919年调查伦敦儿童的眼屈光状态，犹太人儿童的近视眼比本地儿童者约多10倍。


(1)高度近视：

胡诞宁等对61个家系调查发现：①双亲均有高度近视，子代12人均为高度近视(100%);②双亲之一有高度近视，子代又有人发病者(指示双亲中另一方为杂合子)，在40个子女中23人高度近视(57.5%)，与预期的发生率 (50%)相比，P>0.05;③双亲表现正常，子代有人发病的25个家庭(指示双亲均为杂合子)，在197个子女中68人发病，经用Winburg和Lenz矫正法后，其发病率分别为21.3%和22.2%，与预期的25%相比，P>0.05。此三者均符合常染色体的隐性遗传规律，但可受环境因素的影响使其表现程度减轻或外显不全。高度近视者，如与表现型正常者结婚，有18%～24%的机会是与杂合子者通婚，有可能生出高度近视的子女。因此，可较有把握地认为我国的高度近视为常染色体的隐性遗传。


(2)单纯近视：

即低、中度近视，系指屈光度在6.0D以下的近视或近视散光。一般无明显的眼底变化，矫正视力可以正常，是最常见的一种屈光不正。在双生子调查中发现，无论近视一致率还是屈光度差值，都是同卵间的相同程度大于异卵，统计学处理有显著性意义，并提示遗传因素在近视发生中起到重要作用。根据本组相关系数计算，近视遗传度为61%。进行双生子测定，得出遗传指数为65%。眼轴、角膜曲率半径和前房深度的遗传指数分别为55.5%，49.1%，72.1%。有人在上海高中学生一级亲属调查计算遗传度为50.5%，即遗传和环境对近视的发生约各占一半。因此推论，单纯近视为多因子遗传。


综上所述，高度近视眼为常染色体隐性遗传;一般近视眼为多因子遗传，既服从遗传规律，也有环境因素的参与。


2.环境因素(environmental factor)


某些环境因素可以增加眼部调节形成一定程度的屈光性近视眼，是否可使眼轴变长形成轴性近视，仍然存在疑问。Duke-Elder的眼科教科书中已有报道幼小动物养在笼中比野生者增加近视的例子。近年来国外和国内学者将幼小动物放在人工设计的特殊视觉环境中喂养，用以观察环境对眼球发育的影响，已取得一些成就。如Wiesel将猕猴的眼睑缝合，形成上下睑缘粘连，在眼前形成半透明的遮盖膜，在明亮处喂养。其中5号猴是单侧眼睑缝合18个月后，打开缝合，在睫状肌麻痹后做带状光检影和眼球摘除后测定其屈光度和眼球长度。结果表明缝合眼形成-13.5D的近视，眼的前后轴长亦增加20%。8号猴因已发育成熟，喂养17个月屈光度和眼轴均无变化。2号猴刚生后就将眼睑缝合，仅6周即成为-2.75D的近视。1979年Wiesel等又将眼睑缝合的猴喂养在全黑的环境条件下，发现并不发生近视。


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女,23岁。看东西模糊！而且眼角老是痒痒！眼镜店配眼镜的人说近视

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女,29岁。29岁，近视300多℃，有轻微散光，想做手术，初步检查需要多少钱，手术费多少手术的风险大吗，会有后遗症吗

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男,24岁。眼睛眩光视疲劳看东西不聚焦模糊虚影特厉害普通眼镜不能矫正

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眼睛近视，戴矫正片有用吗？还是只有戴近视镜

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四周岁。视力0.8正常吗，算近视吗？这是结果。没散瞳。

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女,27岁。高度近视之前戴软硬隐形眼镜每天扒开眼皮松弛，最近换硬硬镜片，因为眼皮松弛没办法完全睁开眼睛，黑眼圈挡住一部分，影响到视力矫正，所以想做双眼皮全切去皮

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