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昨天坐在电动车后面，因为风大，被一纸片打到了眼睛，然后眼睛发红，刺痛，还爱流眼泪。今天去医院看，医生说是眼角膜擦伤！然后开了小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶和盐酸左氧氟沙星眼用凝胶这2种滴眼药。这种情况的角膜擦伤几天能好？


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昨天和朋友打架了，他打到我的眼睛充血了而且眼睛周围的皮肤都黑了。视力就没有问题的只是眼睛充血了，滴了眼药水都治疗不好。眼睛外伤充血要怎么办处理才好？


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在春季，眼外伤是高发季节之一。那么你知道对于春季应该如何有效预防眼外伤方法呢？找良医网在本文种为您介绍眼外伤的预防，辅助眼部缓解的饮食方法，一起来学习一下吧：


\"春季如何预防眼部受外伤\"

戴眼镜者需防眼外伤

 

春季气温回升、容易流汗，镜框在鼻梁上滑来滑去，易发生运动时外力撞击眼镜，导致金属框眼镜扭曲变形而插入眼球，轻则异物侵入眼睛或伤及角膜，严重者甚至伤到晶体、视网膜，导致外伤性白内障。

 

春季防治眼外伤建议：

 

1。在从事各项运动时，最好戴隐形眼镜或是运动。

2。眼睛若遭异物入侵，千万不能自行将异物拔出，必须冰敷，将受伤部位抬高超过心脏，并且尽快送中医院急救。

 

眼科专家推荐：眼外伤康复食疗方

 

眼睛受伤除了适当的休息，饮食的调节对眼睛康复有良好效果。

 

1）核桃枣杞鸡蛋羹

核桃仁（微炒去皮）300克，红枣（去核）250克，枸杞子150克，与鲜猪肝200克同切碎，放瓷盆中加少许水，隔水炖半小时后备用。每日取2～3汤匙，打入两个鸡蛋，加糖适量蒸为羹。有益肾补肝、养血明目的作用，可改善近视、视力减退及头昏健忘、腰膝酸软等症状。

 

2）花生瓜子枣豆糕

花生米100克，南瓜子50克，红枣肉60克，黄豆粉30克，粳米粉250克，与枣肉共捣为泥，再调入些面粉，加适量油与水，调匀做糕，蒸熟，一日吃完。可补脾益气、养血明目，改善近视、视物模糊，心悸气短、体虚便秘等症状。

 

3）豆仁粳米八宝粥

赤豆、扁豆、花生仁、薏苡仁、核桃肉、龙眼、莲子、红枣各30克，粳米500克，加水煮粥，拌糖温食。可健脾补气、益气明目。宜于近视、不耐久视、寐差纳少、消化不良者食用。

 

4）人参远志饮

人参10克，远志30克，共杵为末，每包8克，每次1包，沸水冲泡代茶饮，连服7～10天。可益气养心、益智明目。

 

5）枸杞肉丝

枸杞100克，猪瘦肉300克，青笋（或玉兰片）10克，猪油100克，各种佐料适量。将猪瘦肉洗净，切成6厘米左右的细丝，青笋也同样制作，枸杞子洗净。待油七成热时，下入肉丝、笋丝煸炒，加入料酒、酱油、食盐、味精，放入枸杞，翻炒几下，淋人麻油即可。枸杞可滋补肝肾、润肺明目，猪肉富含蛋白质，两者共食，可使气血旺盛，营养眼内各组织。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！

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在我们日常工作和生活的环境中，经常会使用各种工具，这些机械性、物理性和化学性的因素直接作用于眼部，会引起眼部的结构和功能损害，我们通常称之为眼外伤。由于眼球的结构极为精细脆弱，而其位置又比较暴露，因此眼外伤还是比较多见的，而且往往会造成视力障碍、失明甚至眼球丧失。因此，如何预防和正确处理外伤，对于保护和挽救视力具有重要的意义。


\"眼外伤症状的一般检查\"

1.病史

询问致伤原因、部位、时间，是否经过处理，以往的视力状况及眼病史，有无全身性疾病等。

 

2.全身情况

尤其在车祸、爆炸伤、战伤等有复合伤及多处伤的情况，注意有无重要脏器及其他器官损伤，有无休克及出血，应由有关专科首先检查和处理。

 

3.视力

应尽可能准确地记录视力。如不能用视力表检查，可查数指、光感等，判断视力状态。

 

4.外眼

在灯光照明下，记录眼睑、结膜、泪器和眼肌等损伤的部位、范围、程度、并发症如出血、感染、异物存留等情况，应描述、绘图，涉及整形时应照相记录。

 

5.眼球位置、突出度，有无破裂，角膜和前部巩膜情况，前房深度，有无眼内出血及眼内结构损伤，眼底情况等。

 

6.影像学检查及其他辅助检查 如超声波、X线照相、CT或MRI检查，以确定球内或眶内异物存留，有无眼球后部破裂，眶骨骨折等。做视觉电生理检查以判定视功能情况。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！

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孩子不懂得防护自己的眼睛，容易发生眼外伤。儿童眼外伤危害着孩子的健康。那么你知道日常生活中，对于儿童眼外伤有哪些常见的危害呢？找良医网告诉您：


\"儿童眼眶外伤有哪些常见危害\"

正常人的晶体纤维被一个半通透性的晶体囊袋保护着，房水不能进入。一旦囊袋破裂，房水渗入后直接与晶体蛋白接触，晶体纤维可发生肿胀和混浊——即发生外伤性白内障。无论是机械性、化学性、热性和放射性的眼睛损伤，都能引起外伤性白内障，其中以机械性外伤性白内障最为常见。

 

机械性外伤性白内障又分为穿通性和钝挫性两类。如眼睛的角膜或巩膜被小刀、针尖一类利器刺伤，接着又刺破晶体囊膜，称为穿通性白内障；如儿童在玩闹时眼睛被拳头击伤或弹弓误伤，这种眼外伤称钝挫伤，此时，角膜、巩膜虽然没有破裂，但强大的外力借房水传导到晶体，也会使晶体囊膜破裂，使之混浊而引发外伤性白内障。

 

外伤性白内障是导致儿童眼睛失明的常见疾病，因此，少年儿童一定要注意保护自己的眼睛，预防眼外伤。下课时或放学后不要用棍棒、砖头、弹弓等当“武器”玩打仗的游戏；做作业削铅笔时尽量用转笔刀，即使用小刀，也不要离眼睛太近或用力过猛，以防不慎伤及眼睛。一旦发生眼外伤需立即去医院急诊，由医生施行手术修补创伤，或以人工晶体置换，争取挽回一些视力；更重要的是可以防止另一眼发生眼炎而造成双眼失明。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！

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眼部受伤时，我们如果有正确的初期救治，那么对挽救伤眼极为重要有效的。例如酸、碱等化学伤，应先用干净水源（纯净水、矿泉水、自来水等）冲洗，以稀释化学药品的浓度，然后再迅速就医。方法有很多种，找良医网告诉您，眼部受伤时，我们应该怎么办：


\"眼睛受伤怎么办

1、钝性打击致眼眶周围软组织肿胀而无破口的：

应立即用冰袋或凉手巾进行局部冷敷，以期消肿止痛。24小时后可改为热敷，以促进局部淤血的吸收。

 

2、外部皮肤破裂而眼球无损伤者：

保持创面清洁，用干净的敷料包扎后，尽快送往医院眼科进行清创缝合，减少日后流下较大疤痕的机会。

 

3、眼球受到钝性撞击或擦伤

滴点氯霉素眼药水预防感染，而后用干净的纱布遮盖眼睛后就医。

 

4、异物刺入或划过眼球，导致眼球破裂的：

立即平躺，轻轻包扎双眼，迅速送往医院抢救。

 

5、眼球插入异物有贯通伤的：

不应硬行拉出插入的异物;若有一团黑色的虹膜或胶胨状的玻璃体冒出，也不可将其推回眼内，以免造成感染;让患者平躺，在伤眼上加盖清洁敷料后即可抬送医院抢救。

 

6、眼部被酸、碱等化学液体灼烧者：

就地取材，用干净凉开水或生理盐水冲洗眼睛，反复开闭伤眼，冲淡洗净化学液体，减轻受伤程度，最好能在送院前或送院途中进行。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！

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我们在日常生活中，或者涉及到特殊工作，例如化工业工作的情况下，偶尔会有无意间碰上眼外伤，那么，我们该如何急救处理呢？如果是酸碱性化学物质溅入眼睛，要及时用清水冲洗，眼内有热泪流出，要及时用消毒纱布覆盖。找良医网告诉您，为第一时间保护好眼睛，眼外伤病人的护理措施如下：


\"碰上眼外伤怎么治

1、酸、碱等化学物质溅入眼内时，应立即用清水冲洗眼睛，不能等到送医院再进行处理，因为腐蚀性物质在结膜囊内多留一分钟，就必然多造成一些眼部的损害，所以必须立刻冲洗，不必强调冲洗液的消毒，为了消毒液而耽误时间，加重伤势造成不可补救的眼球损害，这是最大的错误。冲洗后立刻送医院作进一步诊治。

 

2、当伤员反应眼内有一股“热泪”流出，并有眼痛、视力下降时应考虑有眼球穿孔伤，需立即用消毒纱布覆盖。如没有消毒纱布则宁愿暴露勿用不洁手和其他物品代为遮盖，即时送医院进行处理。

 

3、眼球受撞后应去医院进行一次检查，排除眼内出血，晶体脱位，网膜肿胀等不良情况，及时治疗，以免造成视力减退以致失明的不良后果。

 

4、对伤眼已遭受严重损坏，视功能完全消失不能再恢复者，应做好心理疏导，劝助病人及时摘除伤眼以防后患。

 

5、凡眼球发生过穿孔伤的病人，应经常注意另一只眼的情况，定期去医院进行检查，如自觉畏光，流泪、眼痛等症状时，更应立即去医院诊治，积极预防交感性眼炎的发生，及时控制病情的发展，避免失明。

 

6、伤后应注意眼睛卫生，勿受病菌侵犯，引起感染。

 

找良医网温馨提示：眼外伤病人的护理措施就是以上六点，希望对广大护理人员有所帮助。另外，眼外伤多由于生活中的粗心大意所造成的，因而要注意预防。

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我们常说的眼睛受伤，就是所谓的眼外伤，它是因为眼睛外部受到伤害导致的，这个情况当然也是常见的致盲原因之一，因此，在平时的工作生活中，要加强避免眼外伤的发生，那如何避免呢？首先你要了解眼外伤的发生原因是如何？找良医网给您详细介绍发生的情况！


\"眼睛受外伤发生的五大原因\"

1、使用化学用品时：使用任何喷雾型的化学用品，如杀虫剂、定型液、喷雾剂时，注意喷嘴的方向要远离身体，或闭眼喷洒。操作刺激性化学物品时请配戴护目镜，以防止被灼伤。

 

2、户外运动时：从事高速球类运动，如棒球、网球，最好戴上护目镜。有身体接触的竞技运动，如在做拳击等运动时一定要戴护具。

 

3、驾驶时：车辆要选择有胶合挡风玻璃的车种，行车时务必系紧安全带；修车时，不可以用打火机照明;开启水箱时，水箱需要用布遮盖；加电瓶水时，眼睛不可靠近；最重要的是酒后勿开车。

 

4、节庆外出时：燃放鞭炮时要注意周围的人身安全，儿童应避开强烈爆裂物及互相丢掷鞭炮、烟火，玩仙女棒时应远离眼睛。

 

5、从事特殊工作时：操作车床、电焊、电钻、电动除草机时应戴护目镜。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！

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眼外伤是指眼睛受到意外伤害，这也是一种比较常见的眼科疾病，那么在日常生活中，有什么比较常见的因素会导致眼睛受伤呢？找良医网带大家一起来了解下眼外伤的原因吧：



\"六个常见因素导致眼部外伤\"

 

常见因素一：打击、跌撞引发的挫伤

打击、跌撞、交通事故是眼挫伤的最常见原因。在我们的眼眶周围，组织血管分布丰富，当受到钝性打击时，及其容易造成皮下出血，继而出现一系列症状。

 

常见因素二：刀剪、玻璃造成的刺伤

逢年过节，娱乐游戏时，大多会放鞭炮、玩弹弓、使用刀剪，或者无意间玩耍时碰碎玻璃等情况，这种情况可能会直接刺伤眼睛，造成眼内组织损伤甚至脱出。特别是一些异物造成的角膜穿通伤，将大量细菌带入眼内，会发生眼内炎、全眼球炎甚至颅内感染，危及生命。

 

常见因素三：整理花草

修剪花草时用的剪刀、铲子等工具，飞溅起的草屑都可能是眼睛杀手。因此，无论是使用工具的人还是周围人都应该加倍小心。家庭修理。越来越多的人热衷于自己动手做东西，这本来是件好事，但不安全地使用电动工具所产生的隐患却值得大家注意。使用中的电锯、钻孔机等工具会溅起飞屑，一旦进入眼睛，不仅会伤到眼球，所携带的细菌还会使眼睛发炎感染。

 

常见因素四：厨房

平时在厨房做饭、烧水时，热蒸气会刺激到眼球，而眼睛周围脆弱的皮肤，更容易被热气烫伤；切洋葱、大蒜等刺激性食物时会流泪，长此以往，也会影响到视力。因此，在切洋葱、大蒜的同时，可以打开抽油烟机。而在做家务时戴上一副眼镜，可以同时避免这三种伤害。

 

常见因素五：异物进入导致眼睛不适

如果平时不小心异物入眼，眼睛出现异物感、疼痛、畏光、流泪、视力下降、结膜充血等，需要及时清理或者就医，不然，严重的可能角膜穿孔。

 

常见因素六：接触化学物灼伤

由化学溶液或气体接触眼部致伤。可分为酸性和碱性损伤两大类。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！

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小孩天性好奇，儿童时期也是较为多动的，并且，儿童的自我保护意识也较弱，很容易受到一些因素的影响，更容易导致身体各个部位、器官受到伤害，其中包括眼外伤。儿童时期眼部外伤比较常见，不同年龄其致伤因素也不相同。那儿童眼外伤的原因有哪些？找良医网告诉您：


\"盘点儿童眼睛受伤原因

1、新生儿时期，多由于高位产钳、病理分娩或助产者操作不当而引起。

 

2、婴幼儿时期，常见原因是患儿自己的手指甲、玩具棱角或走路不稳跌倒碰伤所致。

 

3、学龄前儿童（3-7岁），多由于模仿大人做事，被刀、剪、锥等锐器损伤，或玩耍动物被抓伤、啄伤、螫伤等。

 

4、学龄儿童（7岁以后），户外活动增多，故受机会也随之增加，加上由于年小缺乏生活常识，在游戏中误伤自己或同学眼睛的事也屡见不鲜，如飞刀、放鞭炮、敲砸雷管、热水烫伤、化学灼伤以及辐射伤等均能见到。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！

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眼睛是人体最为脆弱的地方，如果不慎出了意外，影响的是您的一生，眼外伤其实就是眼睛外部受到的伤害，严重是会导致失明的，因此做好对眼外伤原因的了解，然后加强护理很关键的。找良医网在本文将为大家讲解常见的眼外伤病因：


\"盘点眼外伤常见的五大病因\"

1、角膜、结膜异物：是一种常见的眼外伤，工农业生产中飞射出来的各种碎屑，谷粒，爆炸时的金属或火药微粒、煤渣、石屑等都可以停留在角膜便面或剌入角膜实质中，引起明娃的刺激症状，因此，若有感染则可发生角膜溃疡。

 

2、跟挫伤：眼球受钝器的打击而产生的损伤，称为眼挫伤。常见的挫伤部位有眼睑、眼眶和眼球三个部位。

 

3、眼球穿通伤：是指跟球由于受到锐器或高速飞来的异物而造成穿通性的损伤，其损伤的程度与致伤物的种类、大小及致伤物击人的速度等有密切关系，是眼科的急症。

 

4、眼化学性烧伤：分为酸性物质和碱性物质烧伤两种，烧伤程度与化学物质的性质、浓度、温度及损伤的时间有关；跟被酸性物质损伤后，酸性物质与眼内组织蛋白凝固并形成一层不溶于水的物质，可减缓酸性物质继续损害深部组织。碱性物质的烧伤比酸性物质烧伤严重，是因为碱性物质对组织中的粪脂质有溶解作用，因而对深层组织的损伤力强，破坏性大。

 

5、辐射性眼外伤：主要是电磁渡对眼的损伤，如红外线损伤、紫外线损伤、X线、r线、激光及微波等的损伤。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！

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眼外伤是眼球及其附属器受到外来的难忘机械性物理性或化学性伤害而引起的药品各种病理性改变，是造成盲目的主要原因之一。很多时候疾病本身并不会对身体造成太大的影响，并发症才是重头戏。交感性眼炎就是这样一种并发症，是眼外伤中最严重的并发症。

 

\"眼外伤并发症


交感性眼炎是指一眼穿通伤或内眼手术后的双侧肉芽肿性葡萄膜炎。受伤眼称为诱发眼，未受伤眼称为交感眼，交感性眼炎为其总称。交感性眼炎在外伤后的潜伏时间，短者几小时，长者可达40年以上，90%发生在1年以内，最危险的时间在受伤后4～8周。特别是伤及睫状体或伤口内有葡萄膜嵌顿，或眼内有异物更容易发生。

 

交感性眼炎的发病与免疫因素有关,眼球穿通伤提供眼内抗原接触眼外各系统的机会，使眼内组织抗原能接触淋巴系统而引起自体免疫反应。　　

 

交感性眼炎在临床上有两种表现，分别为刺激眼和交感眼。

 

刺激眼

眼球受伤后伤口愈合不良，或愈合后炎症持续不退，顽固性睫状充血，同时出现急性刺激症状，眼底后极部水肿，视乳头（又称视盘）充血，角膜后有羊脂状KP（角膜后沉积物），房水浑浊，虹膜变厚发暗。

 

交感眼

起初有轻微眼痛、畏光、流泪、视力模糊，刺激症状逐渐明显，轻度睫状充血，房水浑浊，细小KP，随着病情发展出现虹膜纹理不清，瞳孔缩小而虹膜后粘连，瞳孔缘结节、瞳孔闭锁，玻璃体浑浊，视乳头充血、水肿。周边部脉络膜可见细小黄白色类似玻璃膜疣样病灶，逐渐融合扩大，并散布到整个脉络膜，恢复期后眼底遗留色素沉着、色素脱色和色素紊乱，眼底可能出现晚霞样“夕阳红”改变。


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 \"眼外伤处理的几个误区\"

眼外伤也要分多种类型的，不同类型的眼外伤有不同的处理方法，下面讲一些关于如何处理眼外伤的一些误区，希望能起到警醒的作用。

 

机械性眼外伤

挫伤拳头、石块及球类打击、跌撞、交通事故是眼挫伤的常见原因。眼眶周围组织血管分布丰富，颜面部由于受到钝性打击，易造成皮下出血而出现青紫肿块。此外，钝力在眼球和球壁的传递也会引起多处间接损伤，引起眼内出血，眼眶骨折，角膜、巩膜破裂，视网膜脱落等。

常见错误：马上热敷。如果是一般的眼睑淤血或出血，受伤后切不可按揉或热敷，以免加重皮下血肿。

 

眼球穿通伤

穿通伤大多由于儿童放鞭炮，以及刀剪、弹弓、玻璃等直接刺伤引起。可造成眼内组织损伤甚至脱出。特别是一些异物造成的角膜穿通伤，将大量细菌带人眼内，会发生眼内炎、全眼球炎甚至颅内感染，危及生命。

 

发生这类损伤应立即送往医院。由于穿通伤常有眼内容物脱出的情况，此时，很容易出现一些急救误区。

常见错误：把内容物送回眼眶，或者用水冲洗。这两种方法都是不可行的，只会加重损伤或引起感染。

 

异物伤

异物伤眼异物伤也很常见。异物入眼后，伤眼有异物感、疼痛、畏光、流泪、视力下降、结膜充血等，严重的可有角膜穿孔。

常见错误：用手揉搓。这样会加重损伤。

 

眼部化学伤

化学伤由化学物品的溶液或气体接触眼部所致。可分为酸性和碱性损伤两类。碱性损伤常由氢氧化钠、生石灰、氨水等引起，由于碱能溶解脂肪和蛋白质，使化学物质很快浸入深层眼内，后果较酸性烧伤严重。

常见错误：捂住双眼，用手揉搓。

 

知道了错误的处理方法之后，最重要的是我们要懂得正确的处理方法才对啊，学习到正确的解决措施才是王道，错误是用来警醒自身的，不再犯错误。

 


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\"专家向您解答 

眼外伤是由于机械性、物理性、化学性等因素直接作用于眼部，引起眼的结构和功能损害。眼外伤根据外伤的致伤因素，可分为机械性和非机械性。机械性眼外伤通常包括挫伤、穿通伤、异物伤等；非机械性眼外伤包括热烧伤、化学伤、辐射伤和毒气伤等。根据外伤的轻重可分为轻、中、重3类：轻伤包括眼睑擦伤及瘀血、结膜下出血、结膜及角膜表面异物、角膜上皮擦伤、眼睑Ⅰ度热烧伤、刺激性毒气伤、电光性眼炎等；中度伤包括眼睑及泪小管撕裂伤、眼睑Ⅱ度热烧伤、球结膜撕裂、角膜浅层异物等；重伤包括眼睑广泛撕裂缺损、眼睑Ⅲ度烧伤、眼球穿通伤、球内异物、眼球钝挫伤伴眼内出血、眼球Ⅱ度以上化学伤、辐射伤、眶骨骨折等。


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男,23岁。打篮球时受伤，当时眼睛充血，瞳孔散大，输液三天充血以基本吸收，瞳孔还是没变化

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男,23岁。眼外伤致晶体混浊，手术后无晶体。昨天复查验光、伤眼0.2的视力

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女,21岁。1月12号晚上甩手机充电器玩，失手抡着左眼，一阵儿剧烈疼痛后转为持续一周以上的微痛，感觉像是眼球连着的筋肉痛，当晚左眼内眼角的肉鲜红，而至今左眼内眼角的肉下半部分一直总是偏红一点。1月25号测视力，左眼太过勉强继而疲惫，继而又开始持续微痛，感觉像是眼球连着的筋肉痛，偶尔酸胀，到昨天这种痛感本已经不太明显。昨晚睡前点海露玻璃酸钠（不知是不是已被污染，曾发现瓶口有一根毛线纤维，后来连续几次左右眼都有被蛰的疼痒感，不过没有血丝增加，就没放在心上）后左眼疼痒，继而血丝偏多（见图片），半夜醒来左眼感觉很干，眼球紧张，还有压迫痛，现在这些感觉不明显了，不过有些疼痛感（不是压迫痛，像是眼球痛或者筋肉痛），然后现在血丝还是有一点点偏多。另，自去年10月中旬便患上干眼症，而外伤后觉得左眼比右眼还干（之前一直是右眼最干），打哈欠左眼几乎不太会湿润。
补充信息：11月中旬散瞳验光右700度,左600度，加上现在戴650度眼镜左眼看电视上的字幕（50寸电视，两米半距离）仍觉稍有模糊不如右眼清楚的体验，我一直觉得外伤后左眼似乎视力下降了。

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我是处于中度焦虑的患者。中午离开医院前，我纠结于戴650度眼镜检测视力只能到0.6（验光是675度），于是又去复测，结果是0.5，惊讶中又去复测，这次勉强测到1.0，结果测完很疲惫，左眼很累，然后左眼又开始痛了。。。是眼球痛，感觉像是眼球下面和后面的筋肉痛。这个就叫自作自受吧。。然后发现内眼角稍微有点红（如图）。红的地方和疼痛的感觉都与外伤后挺像的，只不过程度轻一些。我想这应该不要紧吧？受到焦虑的影响

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男,20岁。外伤青光眼手术后两个多月。眼压正常。视力低0.2

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外伤虹膜缺失能修补么，现在正在拆线 黑点是什么，这个黑点有问题吗

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女,8岁5个月。眼睛外伤后，今年7月底您给做的人工晶体，术后一直在恢复，但白眼球有个疱疹最近越想越大都快挨到黑眼球上了

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男,22岁。三个月前轮滑摔伤，在昆明缝针后拆线时发现有感染，医生把感染的皮肤剪去，后期眼角外翻。

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现在硅油填充无晶体眼7月22至今两个月23天，期间眼压一直18~22，验光0.5，派立明八天没用了，前天10月14号复查压平眼压22，又开了以下五种药

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眼外伤，视神经损伤，无视力无光，导致外斜视

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　如何防治儿童眼睛意外伤害？眼外伤和其他因素导致的视力残疾的疾病不一样，儿童眼外伤是可以预防的，当出现不幸时，要积极治疗，这样可以将伤害减少到最小。掌握一些眼外伤防治常识和急救措施，对预防儿童眼外伤有很大的帮助。那么如何防治儿童眼镜意外伤害呢？

　　儿童眼外伤的原因和特点

　　众所周知，儿童由于缺乏生活经验，对可能触发的伤害认识不足，自我保护及躲避伤害的意识和能力差，因此，儿童较成年人更易发生眼外伤。在实际生活中，儿童眼外伤常常是在意外情况下发生的，一旦发生，往往会让身边的家长或其他人措手不及，所以，认识儿童眼外伤的原因和特点、预防策略和急救措施，注意细节，才能做到防范于未然。

　　陶海说，引起儿童眼外伤的原因有多种：1岁至3岁幼儿由于刚学会行走而步履蹒跚，容易跌倒，碰到桌椅的棱角、地面的凸起物可能会撞伤眼睛，若碰到烫水或火源则可造成眼睛的热烧伤；3岁以后的儿童活泼好动、好奇心强，喜欢玩棍棒、弹弓、仿真枪、激光枪等玩具，这些玩具有可能造成眼睛的钝挫伤、刺伤或视网膜损伤；再稍大一点的儿童喜欢燃放烟花爆竹，所以在节假日由烟花爆竹引起的眼睛爆炸伤经常发生；拳击伤和石块打伤则常发生在儿童嬉戏互相打闹时；儿童在使用刀、剪、锥、笔等工具不慎时可扎伤眼睛；儿童在接触石灰、水泥、酒精等化学物品时容易误入眼内造成化学烧伤。另外，近年来，儿童因玩废弃的一次性注射器而刺伤眼睛的也越来越多，需要注意的是：这是一种很严重的外伤，往往因针头将污水注入眼球内引起严重感染而导致失明。

　　儿童眼外伤的预防及策略

　　首先应加强家长、老师、保育员及儿童本人的安全教育，使人人都认识到眼外伤的危害性及保护眼睛的重要性。应针对不同年龄的儿童，采取相应的预防措施。对于1至3岁幼儿，主要是改善孩子的活动空间，对桌椅的棱角和地面的凸起物做适当处理，将热水瓶和火源放在孩子的活动区域之外。刀、剪、锥、笔尖等锐物品要严加保管。在孩子玩耍的时候，要细心照顾好孩子，防止孩子跌倒，防止接触危险物品。

　　陶海强调，近年来，随着科技的发展，涌现出很多儿童玩具，这本来是件好事，但儿童眼睛因玩具受伤也比过去增多了。逢年过节是家长和亲戚朋友给孩子买玩具的高峰期，也是儿童眼睛受玩具伤的高峰期。大人在给儿童选购玩具时，应针对具体情况，尽量考虑选择安全系数大的玩具。要购买和宝宝年龄相适应的玩具，不要给孩子购买冲击力太强、太猛的仿真枪。家长和亲友送玩具的同时别忘了对儿童进行必要的安全教育，特别要嘱咐孩子玩发射枪或激光玩具枪时枪口不能对人，更不能对人的眼睛。对年龄较小的孩子，不允许玩能发射枪弹或激光的玩具枪。

　　此外，也不要让孩子燃放烟花爆竹；观看燃放烟花爆竹时，要保持安全距离，必要时让孩子佩带护目镜。避免儿童接触石灰、水泥、酒精等化学物品，不要让儿童观看电焊火花或在阳光较强的雪地上玩耍，不要把一次性注射器当玩具给孩子玩。

　　发生意外伤害的急救处理

　　当儿童不幸发生眼睛意外伤害时，家长不能惊慌失措，一定要沉着冷静，可先根据损伤情况，立即给予适当的初步急救，并迅速送往医院请眼科医生处理。

　　接触石灰、水泥、酒精等化学物品时，应尽早清除溅入眼内的化学物质，在受伤现场用大量清水反复清洗眼部，或将面部浸入水中，使溅入眼中的化学物质得到稀释或清除。眼部被钝物撞击，局部产生肿胀及疼痛时，如无皮肤开放的伤口，可用毛巾冷敷，以消肿及减轻疼痛；若眼部外伤引起眼睑裂伤或出血，可用清洁的纱布包扎；若有异物飞入眼内，千万不要搓揉眼睛，要轻闭双眼或稍眨眼，让表浅的异物随泪水流出；如果异物已经进入眼球深部，眼球已经穿通，此时绝不可压迫眼球，以免眼内组织脱出；若孩子的额头和眉弓部被撞伤，一定要注意及时检查眼睛视力情况，因为额头和眉弓部被撞伤时，即便眼球没有受到任何伤害，视力也可能会明显下降，甚至失明，因为这种情况可伴发视神经的间接损伤。经过以上初步急救处理后，要及时送往离受伤地点最近的医院进一步治疗。有些家长在孩子受伤后，一心想着要到大医院治疗，在路途中耽误了大量时间，而延误孩子抢救，这是不可取的。因此，如果孩子不幸发生眼睛意外伤害，要切记：争分夺秒，就近医治。

　　如何防治儿童眼睛意外伤害，儿童眼外伤不仅严重损害儿童视力，影响身心健康，还给家庭、社会造成很大损失。家长一定要引起重视，防治儿童眼外伤发生。


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