{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1808","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1808","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:脊柱侧弯吃饮食什么好_脊柱侧弯吃什么钙片好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"脊柱侧弯吃饮食什么好_脊柱侧弯吃什么钙片好","title":"脊柱侧弯吃饮食什么好_脊柱侧弯吃什么钙片好","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"7136","isDel":0,"createAt":1510108770934,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1525857355045,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"脊椎病的相关食谱推荐","content":"

脊椎病是生活中比较比较常见的骨科疾病。对于这样的疾病我们在生活中能通过什么饮食来改善呢？下面就几种常见的能改善脊椎病的饮食提供大家参考。

\"脊椎病的相关食谱推荐\"

  

火腿冬笋粥

热火腿肉50克，冬笋20克，水发香菇30克，青豆20克，香油25克，葱花与生姜末少许，肉汤1500克，糯米100克，煮粥，每日分多次服用。益气血，充精髓，益肾生津，健脾开胃壮筋骨。

 

葛根赤小豆粥

葛根15克，水煎去渣取汁，赤小豆20克，粳米30克，共煮粥服食，适用于颈项僵硬者;

 

枸杞牛肉粥

黄牛肉切丁50克，糯米100克共煮粥，待粥将煮好时放入枸杞20克，再共煮成粥加调味后服食，适用于颈项不利、下肢痿软者。

 

黑豆粥

黑豆50克，红枣30克，大米200克，红糖30克，黑豆、大米浸泡过夜，入开水锅内小火熬煮10～15分钟，再将红枣洗净、去核，加入粥中继续熬煮，待米烂豆熟粥将稠时，加入红糖稍煮片刻即可食用。此粥补脾益肾，活血壮骨，祛风止痛。

 

山药薏仁粥

山药20克，薏苡仁20克，粳米100克。急火煮开3分钟，文火煮20分钟，成粥，趁热食用。适用于颈椎病眩晕型，口粘，头重目眩者。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！


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　  对照组患者给予常规护理干预，主要包括：①心理疏导。患者在接受手术治疗之前，均会产生一定的情绪波动，从而出现焦虑、恐惧等负性情绪，此时，护理人员给予患者有效的心理疏导，消除或者减轻患者的负性情绪，帮助患者树立战胜疾病的信心，为手术的顺利完成奠定坚实的基础。②饮食指导。向患者说明营养的重要性，指导患者进行健康饮食，并且养成良好的饮食习惯，多食用一些富含维生素、纤维、蛋白的食物。③病房护理。在患者手术之后，需要及时转移到病房予以观察。此时，需要保证病房清洁、温度与湿度适宜，为患者营造一个良好的治疗环境。 
　　观察组患者给予围手术期护理干预，包括术前护理、术中护理、术后护理，主要内容有：①肺功能锻炼。患者胸廓畸形情况比较严重，肺功能较差，并且存在着不同程度的通气功能障碍。为此，在手术前1周，为患者制定一个肺功能锻炼计划，一般就是爬楼梯，每天2次，每次20分钟，同时予以综合呼吸锻炼。②脊柱弹性被动与主动锻炼。因为患者的畸形情况比较严重，并且非常僵硬，需要制定脊柱弹性训练方案，帮助患者矫正身姿。在患者入院之后，展开枕颌吊带牵引，每天2次，每次30分钟，坚持7-20天。同时，指导患者进行脊柱伸屈练习，每天3次，每次30分钟。③观察脊柱神经功能。在手术过程中，对患者脊髓诱发电位进行密切监测，并且展开唤醒试验，随时关注患者的中枢神经受损情况。④呼吸护理。手术采用全麻方式，因为插管刺激，非常容易导致患者出现上呼吸道炎性水肿，在术后可以给予患者雾化吸入治疗，帮助患者呼吸，每天2-4次。同时，帮助患者无痛排痰，双手轻压患者两肋，指导患者深呼吸，在吸气2/3的时候咳嗽。⑤疼痛护理。患者手术创伤较大，在术后麻醉效果减退之后必然会出现疼痛。根据患者的疼痛情况给予相应的治疗。必要的情况下，可以使用止痛剂、电子止痛泵等，帮助患者缓解疼痛。


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术前准备 
1完善术前检查除了脊柱方面的检查外必须认真完成心肺功能各种检查，包括憋气试验，进行全面系统特殊辅助检查，胸部X线片、心电图、常规血液系统及药物过敏试验、交叉配血以备手术中输血。 
2术前肺功能训练及其他准备脊柱侧弯常导致肺功能不同程度降低，因此，术前1周护士应指导患者深呼吸;吹气球等肺部训练3~4次/d,20~30 min/次，以增加肺活量，改善肺功能，减少术后并发症。同时要求患者进行手术卧位姿势，床上大小便，肢体主动活动训练，为矫正手术做好充分准备。并注意提高患者术后机体抗感染能力，在饮食上应加强营养，多补充高热量、高蛋白质、高维生素等食物。 
3术后康复护理 
3.1术后患者的搬运及生命体征的观察患者术后返回病房，应正确、谨慎搬运到床上，由3~4人协作，动作要求协调一致，保持脊柱水平位不得扭转，以防断棒或拔钉，全身麻醉未清醒者，头应偏向一侧，防止呕吐物误吸出现呛咳窒息，持续心电监测、低流量吸氧，密切观察患者的生命体征变化，监测血氧饱和度。 
3.2脊髓神经功能观察由于手术创伤大，难度较高，易损伤脊髓神经，当患者麻醉消退后要密切观察双下肢运动感觉及大小便反射功能，要指导患者主动行足趾和踝关节伸屈活动，若出现肢体感觉减退或障碍，应考虑是否因过度矫正或切口内血肿形成，应立即报告医师，并采取相应紧急措施。 
3.3各种管道护理术后严密观察各种引流管是否在位通畅，切口引流者保持引流管通畅观察引流液的量及颜色。一般术后放置引流管48~72 h，48 h或72 h后引流量小于50 ml时可拔管。若引流量在48~72 h后仍不减少，应考虑有无内出血或脑脊液外漏。根据病情可保留导尿管2~3 d后拔除，以减少泌尿系感染的发生。使用便盆应先让患者侧卧，将一软枕垫于背部，再放置便盆，保持脊柱的水平位，以免产生断棒。 
3.4翻身护理术后平卧4 h，并给予垫海绵垫，以压迫止血，翻身时采用轴型滚动式操作。有肋骨切除者禁止侧卧。手术矫正剃刀背畸形术中行肋骨成形还有可能损伤胸膜，应注意观察患者呼吸,防止翻身造成气胸。 
3.5观察敷料外观注意观察切口渗血情况是防止术后并发症的重要环节。由于手术创伤大,出血多，切口渗血严重者应及时通知医师，查明原因并更换敷料。保持敷料外观干燥，必要时给予加压包扎，以利压迫止血。 
3.6石膏固定护理与观察术后2周拆线后即可行石膏背心固定。嘱患者在饮食上应少量多餐避免消化不良，密切观察患者有无腹痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐等石膏综合征。如出现上述症状,应检查石膏固定是否过紧，若有血压、脉搏、呼吸、尿量、面色等变化，应立即报告医师并对症处理。 
3.7出院指导指导患者行正确的功能锻炼,四肢活动，同时配合做扩胸运动、深呼吸、吹气球等呼吸功能锻炼，出院后6个月内不要做上身前屈动作及上肢提拉重物，避免身体负重及加重脊柱活动度，并定期来院检查。  
　　 
　　


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运动治疗进行矫正体操,适宜于Cobb角10°～19°患者,体操项目如下。 
　　●肘膝着地位或膝胸着地位,前后爬行或匍匐环行。 
　　●跪位,左、右偏坐,轮流进行。左侧凸者,重点练右侧偏坐;右侧凸者,重点练左侧偏坐。 
　　●俯卧位,头近墙。双肘屈曲在前支地。头尽力向前伸,使头顶触墙壁(矫正上胸段侧凸)。俯卧位,双手置额前,双臂向前平伸。 
　　●准备姿势同上。一侧上下肢同时伸直举起(矫正胸椎向对侧凸)。 
　　●仰卧位,仰卧起坐。 
　　●俯卧位,双肘半屈在前支地,双下肢后伸抬起。 
　　●仰卧位,轮流直腿举起或双腿同时直腿举起。 
　　●仰卧位,深呼吸(缓慢进行)。 
　　●立位,靠墙,双髋及肩紧贴墙壁,挺拔头颈及躯干直立。 
　　以上全套练习每次≥20分钟,2次/日,患者每4～6个月复查1次。 
　　支具治疗对年龄10～15岁,Cobb角20°～39°,Risser分度≤2度者,采用支具治疗。上胸段或胸段侧凸采用Milwaukee支具,胸腰段或腰段可采用Boston,Miami或Wilmington支具。佩戴时间每日23小时,剩余1小时,进行体操练习,洗浴等。戴支具后每半年复查1次,支具1～2年更换1次。有效者支具佩戴直至骨骺闭合,生长停止。 
　　牵引治疗牵引疗法可防止脊柱侧凸进一步加重,或使侧凸得到一定程度的改善,目前更重要的是用作脊柱侧凸术前准备,使脊柱侧弯的凹侧挛缩的软组织得到松解,使手术达到最大限度的矫正。 
　　颈部悬吊牵引患者可坐位,重量5～8 kg,根据患者的耐受性,因人而异。适应于上胸椎侧凸,每次持续30分钟,2次/日。 
　　斜台颈牵引同上。 
　　头颅-骨瓮环牵引安装特制的头颅环和骨盆环,两者之间安装支撑杆。术后前3天每天拧紧固定螺钉,不牵引,待针眼疼痛消退后,每天调节螺钉1～2圈(撑开高度2 mm为度),直到达到理想的矫正度,一般牵引时间6周左右。 
　　反悬吊持续牵引该装置是由牵引带、滑车、绳索及重锤组成,患者侧卧牵引带中,侧弯的凸侧向下,正对牵引带,重量由10 kg加大到40 kg,使侧凸顶点离床5～8 ml,以患者最大耐受性为限。若为术前准备,一般牵引2周左右。 


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1情绪干预 以温和可亲的态度与患者交流，引导其说出焦虑、恐惧等心理感受，并采取有效的应对措施。了解患者内心的想法及对护理过程中存在的建议和疑惑，建立护患之间互相信任的关系，让患者对住院不再感到孤独和陌生，能够安心接受治疗。 
2认知干预 患者缺乏手术相关知识和术前心理准备。告知患者该手术是目前治疗脊柱侧弯的主要方法，早期手术，可矫正脊柱畸形，保护心肺功能及胃肠功能。向患者讲解手术方法、麻醉方式、减轻患者的紧张情绪。 
3健康教育 采取多种形式的健康教育活动，用通俗易懂的语言讲解本病的发生、发展，治疗、护理方法、预后及注意事项。 

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4疼痛教育 术前采用疼痛控制认识问卷调查患者对术后疼痛的基本认识，使用术后疼痛控制问卷（参考国外经典的疼痛问卷法），术后对患者进行脊柱侧弯矫形术的疼痛控制教育，包括疼痛对机体的影响，如何评估与表达疼痛，常用术后的止痛药物，使用止痛药物的时机、作用及副作用等。 

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1、体位护理

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   术后搬运患者至病床时,注意保持脊柱水平位,平托至床旁。患者卧硬板床,全麻清醒、平卧6 h后可进行翻身,翻身幅度不能超过45°;术后3 d内以平卧为主,平卧2 h后翻身侧卧1 h,翻身时保持脊柱平直。勿使椎体扭转,翻身角度不超过60°。 
2、生命体征的观察

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    由于手术创伤大,出血量多,因此应严密观察血压、脉搏、呼吸的变化,给予吸氧2~4 L/min、常规观察神志、体温、皮肤黏膜有无紫绀、苍白、水肿、毛细血管充盈时间等。全麻清醒后指导患者有效咳嗽和深呼吸,保持呼吸道的通畅,促进肺泡膨胀,增加肺通气量,观察呼吸频率、节律等。必要时雾化吸入。 
3、脊髓神经功能的观察

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    因术中有可能因脊髓牵拉或缺血引起脊髓损伤,故术后要观察踝关节的伸屈功能,并牵拉尿管观察反应。重视患者的主诉,如感觉困倦或肢体发沉,肢端剧烈疼痛、麻木或肢端无法移动等,应立即通知医生及时处理,预防不可逆的神经损伤。术后2~3 d易出现迟发截瘫,可能为术后水肿引起。 

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4、疼痛的护理

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    由于年轻人耐受力差,在术后48~72 h应给予镇痛剂,比如肌肉注射复方氨林巴比妥注射液(安痛定)50~100 mg。如有镇痛泵持续止痛的,应观察患者的神志、表情及反应能力,出现昏睡状态的立即关闭止痛泵。或者聊聊患者关心和喜爱的话题,分散其注意力。 
5、翻身的护理

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    术后预防褥疮的发生,应2~3 h帮助患者轴线翻身一次,按摩受压处的皮肤或涂抹药油促进血液循环;翻身时注意患者各管道的脱落,使躯干成一直线,保持患者的肩、胸、髋部成一字型,翻身角度为45°,身下垫上软枕,防止脊柱上下部分反向扭转,并每隔2 h变换体位一次。 
6、饮食的护理

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    术后肠道可能会受到抑制,出现肠麻痹症状。给予流质饮食,或口服氯化钾以促进肠蠕动,加快肠鸣音恢复,减轻腹胀。然后逐渐向有营养可口消化的饮食。少食多餐,但要防止肠系膜上动脉综合征的发生。 

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7、引流管的护理

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    (1)切口引流管的护理①保持引流管的固定和通畅,并保持其成负压状态,防止打折受压;②严密观察引流液的颜色、性质和量。术后24 h引流量一般不超过500 ml,如果过多应警惕有无潜在的失血性休克,严密观察血压、脉搏、尿量及意识变化,有异常及时通知医生;③如果术后2~3 d量<50 ml/d时可拔管;(2)胸腔闭式引流管的护理:为防止血气胸,术后给予常规留置引流管,并给予患者抬高床头25°~30°,以便引流并利于呼吸。同样保持管道的通畅和固定,并观察有无水柱的波动,防止血块或纤维素凝块堵塞管腔;记录引流液颜色、性质和量,注意呼吸、呼吸音和有无皮下气肿,一般术后3~5 d可拔管。 
8、功能锻炼

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    患者麻醉清醒后即可鼓励和指导其进行手、足部的活动。术后1~2 d可做肢体抬高、关节屈伸运动,每日逐渐增加运动量。一周后如脊柱X片正常,可扶患者坐起,逐渐下地行走。避免躯体侧屈、扭转、弯腰等动作。活动强度应循序渐进,避免疲劳,上肢禁止提拉重物,减少脊柱活动,避免脊柱外伤,预防内固定松动、滑脱。 

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