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\"专家向您解答膝关节损伤饮食宜忌事项\"

　　

在日常生活中，各种疾病都有各种疾病的饮食注意事项，那么，膝关节损伤病人的饮食是什么呢？答：可以吃富含蛋白又可以促进骨骼生长恢复的食物，比如排骨汤、鱼汤、炖黄豆等食物，建议饮食上少食油腻、酸辣刺激性大的食物，多食蔬菜水果，少食细粮，多食粗粮，多注意休息。找良医网推荐以下几种对膝关节损伤有好处的食谱，供大家参考。

 

1、当归排骨汤

 

　　材料及做法：取当归10克，骨碎补15克，续断10克，新鲜猪排骨或牛排骨250克，加水炖煮1小时以上，连汤带肉一起服用，每天1次，连吃1～2周。有助于祛淤续断。

 

　　说明：该饮食方主要适用于中期(2～4周)患者。此时受伤处的淤肿有所减轻，但淤伤尚未化尽，骨痂开始形成。治疗应以和营止痛、祛淤生新、接骨续筋为主。

 

　　2、桃仁粥

 

　　材料及做法：取桃仁15克，红糖适量，将桃仁捣烂，水浸后研汁去渣，加入红糖、粳米，加水400毫升，一起熟烂成粥即可。每天吃2次，连续吃7～10天，具有活血化淤、消肿止痛的作用。

 

　　说明：该饮食方法主要适用于早期(1～2周)患者，该时期受伤部位肿胀疼痛明显，经络阻滞不通，气血运行不畅，治疗以活血化淤，行气消肿为主。

  

找良医网温馨提示：上述食疗方法仅供参考，详细症状及保健，需要遵从医嘱进行，最后，祝大家身体健康！


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    随着我国经济的发展和逐步进入老龄化社会，膝关节疾患日益成为各大医院骨外科门诊的主要病种之一，如何正确的治疗膝关节疾患，也是医学界发展最快的研究课题之一。随着实践的发展，膝关节的运动疗法逐步成为医生和病人重视的治疗方法，到底如何进行规范、有效的膝关节功能锻炼呢？下面就给大家介绍一下简单宜行并且行之有效的两种膝关节功能锻炼方法。

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一、直抬腿肌力锻炼

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    1、股四头肌力量练习：练习者平卧于床上或站立时。双腿自然伸直，用力绷紧股四头肌，注意，双腿是不离开地面的，坚持5秒钟，再放松2秒钟，反复进行。在不增加疼痛的前提下，每次都绷紧到最大程度，且每天争取做到500次以上。

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    2、直抬腿练习：直抬腿练习分为仰卧直抬腿，外侧直抬腿，内侧直抬腿以及后抬腿练习。

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    （1）仰卧直抬腿：练习者仰卧在床上，一侧腿弯曲．将患肢完全伸直。然后把患肢抬高，抬到脚跟离床面15-20厘米的位置。要求抬腿时股四头肌绷紧，保持膝关节伸直。患肢抬起后保持高度不动，直到坚持不住时再缓慢放下。将腿放在床上休息片刻，之后继续进行第二次直抬腿练习。反复练习，每天做3～4组，每组20次，每组之间休息30秒。两侧肢体可交替进行。见图1

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    （2）外侧直抬腿：以右腿为患肢为例，练习者左侧卧在床上，两腿完全伸直。然后把右下肢向外侧抬高，两腿分开，两脚距离为30厘米左右的位置。仍然要求抬腿时保持膝关节伸直。患肢抬起后保持高度不动，直到坚持不住时再缓慢放下。将腿放在床上休息片刻．之后继续进行第二次直抬腿练习。频率同上，两侧肢体可交替进行。见图2。

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    （3）内侧直抬腿：以左腿为患肢为例，练习者左侧卧在床上，右腿弯曲，右脚踩在左侧膝关节后方的床面上，保持身体稳定，伸直左腿，向上抬起，抬离床面10厘米左右的位置即可。仍然要求抬腿时保持膝关节伸直。患肢抬起后保持高度不动，直到坚持不住时再缓慢放下。将腿放在床上休息片刻，之后继续进行第二次直抬腿练习。频率同上，两侧肢体可交替进行。见图3

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    （4）后抬腿练习：练习者俯卧在床上，腹部垫软枕，双下肢完全伸直，然后把患肢抬高，抬到脚跟离床面10厘米左右即可，要求抬腿时近量保持膝关节伸直。不要抬离过高，否则会引起腰部肌肉协同。患肢抬起后保持高度不动，直到坚持不住时再缓慢放下。将腿放在床上休息片刻，之后继续进行第二次直抬腿练习。反复练习，频率同上，两侧肢体可交替进行。见图4

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二、静蹲练习：

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    练习者两腿分开，两脚之间的距离比肩膀稍宽，身体保持直立，不能向前倾。脚尖和膝关节朝向前方，不得“内，外八字”。此时双膝开始弯曲下蹲，双膝弯曲角度可根据练习者身体情况和肌肉力量进行调整。对于身体情况好、大腿肌肉力量强的患者，下蹲角度可以达到屈膝90度：而对于身体欠佳和大腿肌肉力量弱的患者，双膝轻屈即可，这时半蹲位置较高，患者较省力。随着肌力的增加，再增大屈膝角度。每个患者在下蹲时都有一个疼痛的角度，有些30度，或者40度等等，练习时要避开疼痛角度，最大角度至无痛时不超过90度为宜。要求每天做2～3组，每组练习总时间为30分钟，其中包括多次练习，每次练习间隙休息一分钟左右，不要休息时间过长；开始时，每次坚持的时间较短；随着肌力的增长，坚持时间延长，每组练习次数将逐渐减少。见图5、6。

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     两种练习方式，直抬腿练习是基础，可以交替进行两种练习，以不感到疲劳为宜。练习6周为一疗程，要遵循因人而异、循序渐进、灵活掌握的原则，注意练习过程中的保护，以防意外伤害的发生。

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