{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1847","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1847","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:女性多囊卵巢什么症状_多囊性卵巢综合症表现等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"女性多囊卵巢什么症状_多囊性卵巢综合症表现","title":"女性多囊卵巢什么症状_多囊性卵巢综合症表现","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"1119","isDel":0,"createAt":1486432328226,"createBy":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"茉莉花","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"多囊卵巢综合征的症状有哪些？","content":"<pre class=\"best-text mb-10\" style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, &#39;Lantinghei SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 29px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); min-height: 55px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">1.月经异常、，少数可表现为。多发生在青春期，为初潮后不规则月经的继续，有时伴痛经。\n2.多毛较常见，发生率可达69%。由于雄激素升高，可见上唇、下颌、胸、背、小腹正中部、大腿上部两侧及肛周的毳毛增粗、增多，但多毛的程度与雄激素水平不成比例(受体数、雌激素、SHBG及毛囊对雄激素的敏感性等多种因素影响)。同时可伴痤疮、面部皮脂分泌过多、声音低粗、阴蒂肥大、出现喉结等男性化征象。\n3.不孕由于长期，患者多合并，有时可有偶发性排卵或流产，发生率可达74%。\n4.肥胖体重超过20%以上，体重指数≥25者占30%～60%。肥胖多集中于上身，腰/臀比例&gt;0.85。多自青春期开始，随年龄增长而逐渐加重。\n5.卵巢增大少数病人可通过一般触及增大、质地坚韧的卵巢，大多需辅助检查确定。\n6.雌激素作用所有病人都表现为雌激素作用良好。检查时，可见宫颈黏液量多。持续、大量雌激素作用可出现内膜增生过快，非典型性增生，甚至癌变。\n1.临床诊断初潮后多年月经仍不规则、和(或)，同时伴肥胖与多毛、婚后不孕等，应疑诊PCOS。典型病例具有上述各种症状及体征，即月经失调、多毛、痤疮、肥胖、不孕等。非典型病例可表现为：①单纯性不伴有肥胖、多毛及卵巢肿大，排除其他各种疾病，而孕酮试验阳性者，仍应考虑为PCOS。②排卵型功能失调性出血。③月经异常合并多毛。④月经异常伴男性化症状，无明显肥胖。⑤伴不育。\n对于不典型病例需详细询问有关病史，如起病年龄、生长发育情况，起病经过，用药史，家族史，个人生活习惯，既往有无全身。结合辅助检查，排除其他疾病，并经B超等检查明确诊断。\n2.诊断标准由于本病的异质性，诊断标准尚未统一，多数学者根据青春期发病、月经和排卵异常、多毛、血LH和(或)LH/FSH比值升高，结合一种雄激素水平过高，有多囊卵巢征象，排除其他类似疾病后，可确定本症的诊断。\n日本妇产科学会生殖内分泌委员会于1993年提出PCOS诊断标准如下：\n(1)临床症状：①月经异常(闭经、月经稀发、等);②男性化(多毛、粉刺、声音低调、阴蒂肥大);③肥胖;④不孕。\n(2)内分泌检查所见：①LH高值、FSH正常值;②注射GnRH后LH分泌增多，FSH分泌正常;③雌酮/雌二醇比值升高;④血中睾酮或雄烯二酮升高。\n(3)卵巢所见：①B超见多个卵泡囊性变;②双合诊及B超见卵巢肿大;③腹腔镜见卵巢内膜肥厚及表面隆起;④镜下见卵泡膜细胞层肥厚增殖和间质增生。\n以上的(1)、(2)、(3)项是必有的项目，3项均具备时可诊断为PCOS，其他项目做为参考，若所有必备和参考项目均具备，则为典型PCOS病例。\n此外，亦有人提出的诊断标准如下：①临床症状：包括：A.闭经(60天以上);B.功能性子宫出血或持续无排卵(3个月以上);C.不孕;D.男性化体征;E.肥胖。②治疗性诊断：一度闭经，以氯米芬或加HCG疗法，于月经周期第5天开始，氯米芬50mg/d，连服5天，多可恢复排卵功能。无效时，可于停氯米芬后第2～4天加用HCH1000U，1次/d，共3天，治疗3个疗程以上仍未见排卵。③内分泌检查：包括：A.血中LH较高(20～50mU/ml)及GnRH过度反应，血FSH在正常范围或较低;B.血睾酮升高(60%以上);C.HMG(人绝经期促性腺激素)225U/d，用3天后，于用药的第6天尿中的雌激素呈过度增高反应(150??g/24h以上);D.地塞米松4mg/d，口服，于第5天的尿中11-去氧-17-酮类固醇增高(600??g/24h以上)。④卵巢形态(包括内镜所见)：肉眼所见：A.无新鲜黄体形成;B.卵巢包膜增厚;C.卵巢增大;D.囊状肿大的卵泡并列于包膜下。组织所见：卵泡膜细胞及间质细胞黄素化。</pre><p><br/></p>","barId":"1847","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1566,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486432328230,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486432328226,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486168781822,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"茉莉花","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"茉莉花","realName":null,"signName":"随遇而安","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486169681471.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140500","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3921","isDel":0,"createAt":1486432220704,"createBy":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"茉莉花","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"女性长胡须与多囊卵巢综合征有关","content":"<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　青春期少女月经紊乱 青春期少女，初潮一两年后依然不规则，应及时就诊。不少多囊卵巢综合征患者都是从青春期开始发病，但没有及时发现，以至于拖延到婚后影响生育。青春期少女可选择直肠超声即肛超进行检查，忽视这一检查可能会导致漏诊、误诊。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　成年女性常年月经紊乱。规则的月经是女性健康的重要标志。因此，千万不要忽视月经的变化。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　不孕 多囊卵巢综合征会影响女性的正常排卵，因而，是导致不孕的常见原因之一。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　雄激素过高 比如皮肤粗糙、毛孔粗大、油脂分泌异常旺盛、痤疮、多毛甚至长胡须。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　肥胖 多囊卵巢综合征患者中有相当一部分是肥胖患者，且这种肥胖往往表现为四肢细而腰围粗的“向心性”肥胖。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　多囊卵巢综合征不仅会影响生育，患者还是子宫内膜癌以及Ⅱ型糖尿病等疾病的高发人群。因此，尽早去正规、专业医院进行治疗非常重要。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　多囊卵巢综合征并非不治之症。专业医生会根据病人的具体情况开出个性化的治疗方案，包括药物治疗和饮食运动处方。无论是治疗还是预防多囊卵巢综合征，都离不开健康的生活方式和饮食习惯。要少吃高热量食品、油炸食品以及高糖饮料，注意运动，控制体重。另外，多年不孕的女性，不要盲目选择促排卵药物帮助怀孕。应首先找到不孕的病因，如果是多囊卵巢综合征引起的，怀孕后会大大增加流产率、胎儿畸形率以及孕妇孕期并发症。</span></p>","barId":"1847","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1263,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486432220705,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486432220704,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486168781822,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"茉莉花","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"茉莉花","realName":null,"signName":"随遇而安","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486169681471.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140500","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3619","isDel":0,"createAt":1486432186895,"createBy":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"茉莉花","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"多囊卵巢综合征有真有假","content":"<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　最近，很多月经不调且在一些医院诊断为多囊卵巢综合征的女孩子纷纷打电话到医院，但专家发现，这些女孩子很多是被草率戴上多囊卵巢综合征帽子的。她们在治疗中长期使用雌激素，还接受了促排卵等治疗，但治疗效果并不好。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　一位体形较胖的高中生月经有半年都没有来，她被一家医院诊断为多囊卵巢综合征，医生还让她服用避孕药。可是她一吃药月经就来，一停药月经就不来。经详细检查后发现，这位女生患的并不是多囊卵巢综合征，经过调整她的生活方式，减轻体重，增加运动量，并使用了一些常规的安全药物。随后，患者的月经就正常了。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　“我们注意到，因月经紊乱甚至停经来我院就诊的人中，60%超重。在她们减少5%～10%的体重后，绝大多数人的月经就恢复了。这其中只有6%～7%的人是多囊卵巢综合征。”杨菁主任说。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　多囊卵巢综合征&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　的帽子不能乱扣&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　多囊卵巢综合征是引起不排卵性不孕的主要原因。在育龄期女性中患病率为5%～10%。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　多囊卵巢综合征常见于青春期及生育期妇女，主要症状为月经不规律，月经周期为3～6个月或1年不等。多囊卵巢综合征病人常长痘痘，主要分布在面部、乳房周围、下腹部等。另外，受雄激素刺激，患者的腋毛、阴毛以及四肢的毛发增长。更让爱美的女孩子心烦的是，患了这种病，40%～60%的人体重会超标。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　但是，女孩子肥胖并不一定就是患了多囊卵巢综合征。女性青春期本身会有一段时间体重增加，加之学习压力大、精神紧张等诸多因素，很容易导致月经紊乱。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　多囊卵巢综合征的诊断至今尚无统一标准，医生主要根据临床症状、血内分泌水平和超声检查进行综合判断。多囊卵巢综合征的诊断指标有：月经不规则，排卵障碍；高雄激素血症，总睾酮或游离睾酮、雄烯二酮升高；超声下卵巢体积增大，卵巢包膜下有众多小卵泡；血促黄体生成素/促卵泡生成素&gt; 2～3， 雌二醇水平相当于中卵泡期水平；有多毛、痤疮、肥胖等表现。具备其中3 项者可以诊断为多囊卵巢综合征。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　个体化治疗方案&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　效果最佳&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　多囊卵巢综合征是一种发病多因性、临床表现多态性的综合征。以前虽有学者将此症候群定义为闭经、不孕、多毛和肥胖，并一直沿用至今，但近年学者进一步认识到其临床特征有高雄激素血症、胰岛素抵抗和持续无排卵。因此，应针对新的认识确定治疗方案。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者的助孕措施包括体重控制、周期调整、促排卵治疗、纠正胰岛素抵抗、手术治疗以及辅助生殖技术等。各种治疗方法各有利弊，因此对于多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者的助孕方案个体化选择尤为重要。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　对于肥胖的多囊卵巢综合征患者来说，减轻体重是治疗首选。肥胖可以导致月经失调、不孕、流产、对促排卵药物反应不良、自然周期和不育治疗周期的受孕率均低、妊娠结局不良、胎儿情况不佳和糖尿病，尤其是在体重指数高且为中心性肥胖时明显。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　“在医院，很多肥胖不育妇女通过低热量饮食和耗能锻炼，经过6个月治疗，能够减轻体重的5%或更多，就可以改变或减轻月经紊乱、多毛、痤疮等症状，改善排卵率、妊娠率、妊娠结局和内分泌指标，并重塑患者的自尊。”杨菁主任表示。</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　哪些疾病与多囊卵巢&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　综合征症状相似&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　○ 高泌乳素血症&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　此病患者因为体内分泌的高水平泌乳素抑制了卵泡发育成熟与排卵，可通过血液化验泌乳素是否升高达到25ng/ml以上、是否有溢乳等表现与多囊卵巢综合征进行区分。但有部分多囊卵巢综合征患者也伴有高泌乳素血症，所以患者有必要进行B超检查，以是否有≥10个、直径4～10毫米的小卵泡进行区分。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　○ 库欣综合征&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　这类患者也会出现闭经、痤疮、多毛等现象，甚至少数患者B超下卵巢也可出现多囊的现象。但患者还会有满月脸、多血质外貌、向心性肥胖、紫纹、高血压和骨质疏松等症状。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　○ 先天性肾上腺皮质增生症&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　该病患者也会出现月经不调、原发性闭经、多毛症等类似多囊卵巢综合征的症状。患者会有假两性畸形、第二性征缺失等性分化异常现象。可通过检查患者尿液17-酮类固醇、血液17-羟孕酮与多囊卵巢综合征进行区分。</span></p>","barId":"1847","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1042,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486432186896,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486432186895,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486168781822,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"茉莉花","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"茉莉花","realName":null,"signName":"随遇而安","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486169681471.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140500","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3205","isDel":0,"createAt":1486432137584,"createBy":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"茉莉花","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"如何确定患有多囊卵巢综合征","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486432935250.png\" title=\"1486432935250.png\" alt=\"8730b9659ad5406889e28601ccadcaeb.png\"/></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　2003年全世界著名的妇科内分泌专家齐聚荷兰的鹿特丹，讨论并制订了目前为全世界妇产科医生所接受的多囊卵巢综合征的诊断标准――2003年鹿特丹诊断标准。具体内容见表1。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　表1. 2003年鹿特丹诊断标准&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　1.排卵稀发或无排卵&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　2.高雄激素血症的临床和/或生化证据&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　3.多囊卵巢&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　以上3项只要具备2项，并且排除了其他病因（分泌雄激素的肿瘤和库欣综合征），就可以诊断为多囊卵巢综合征。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　一、排卵稀发或无排卵&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　女性之所以有月经，是因为有排卵。正常女性一个月有1次排卵，一年有12次排卵；因此，月经周期为1个月，一年有12次月经。如果1年的排卵次数&lt;8次，就称为排卵稀发。对排卵稀发的妇女来说，她们每年的月经次数&lt;8次，月经周期&gt;45天，就称为月经稀发。如果妇女没有排卵，往往会至少间隔3个月以上才来1次月经，则称为继发闭经。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　根据前面所述，读者可以在月经稀发和排卵稀发之间划等号，在无排卵和继发闭经之间划等号。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　二、高雄激素血症的临床和/或生化证据&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　在女性体内也有一定水平的雄激素，正常水平的雄激素对维持女性的某些生理功能具有重要的意义，如阴毛和腋毛的生长、女性的性欲等。当女性体内的雄激素水平超过正常范围时，就称为高雄激素血症，会引起健康问题。女性体内有多种雄激素，如雄烯二酮、睾酮、双氢睾酮、硫酸脱氢表雄酮等，其中任何一种雄激素水平的异常升高都可以引起高雄激素血症的临床表现。目前在绝大多数医院里能测定的雄激素只有睾酮，睾酮升高我们就说有了高雄激素血症的生化证据。但是睾酮水平不高，也不可完全除外高雄激素血症，因为可能有其他雄激素的升高。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　胡须和痤疮的生长需要高水平的雄激素，女性长胡须称为多毛，因此，我们把多毛和痤疮称为高雄激素血症的临床证据。当女性有胡须或痤疮时，可以推断自己体内的雄激素分泌过多。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　三、多囊卵巢的诊断&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　当卵巢内的卵泡发育不良时，会在卵巢内形成直径&lt;10毫米的小囊肿（实质上就是卵泡，医生通常称它们为小卵泡），这种囊肿可以消退，不会变成癌，因此，不需要手术治疗。当卵巢内含有多个这种小囊肿时，卵巢体积会明显增大，就称为多囊卵巢。由于大多数患者有多囊卵巢，因此，该疾病被称为多囊卵巢综合征。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　临床上，医生通过B超数小卵泡的个数或计算卵巢的体积来判断是否为多囊卵巢，具体标准见表2。读者在拿到B超报告后，完全可以根据表2的标准来判断自己是否有多囊卵巢。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　表2.多囊卵巢的诊断标准&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　1. 每侧卵巢至少有12个直径为2~9毫米的卵泡&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　2. 卵巢体积增大（&gt;10毫升），用简化的公式（0.5×长×宽×厚度）来计算卵巢的体积。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　只要一侧卵巢满足上述2项中的一项即可诊断为多囊卵巢。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　四、排除相关疾病&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　排除库欣综合征和分泌雄激素的肿瘤等临床表现相似的疾病，对诊断多囊卵巢综合征非常重要。正常女性体内的血睾酮水平&lt;0.55纳克/毫升，多囊卵巢综合征患者的血睾酮水平范围多为0.55~1.5纳克/毫升。当血睾酮水平&gt;1.5纳克/毫升时，应考虑可分泌雄激素的卵巢肿瘤。库欣综合征有时会与多囊卵巢综合征相混淆，但是库欣综合征往往有典型的特征，如向心性肥胖、满月脸等，这可以帮助鉴别。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　五、判断是否患多囊卵巢综合征的标准&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　根据前面所述，读者完全可以根据表3来判断自己是否患有多囊卵巢综合征。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　表3. 自己判断是否患有多囊卵巢综合征的标准&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　1.月经周期&gt;45天或间隔3个月以上来一次月经&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　2.有胡须（和/或痤疮）和/或血睾酮水平&gt;0.55纳克/毫升（但一般&lt;1.5纳克/毫升）&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　3.B超发现有多个小卵泡，或通过计算发现卵巢的体积&gt;10毫升&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　以上3项只要具备2项并且排除了其他病因（当血睾酮水平&gt;1.5纳克/毫升时考虑分泌雄激素的肿瘤，有满月脸和向心型肥胖时考虑库欣综合征），就可以诊断为多囊卵巢综合征。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　六、胰岛素测定的问题&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　许多多囊卵巢综合征患者被要求抽血化验胰岛素水平。那么，测定胰岛素对诊断多囊卵巢综合征是否有帮助呢?&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　胰岛素水平升高是由胰岛素抵抗引起的，胰岛素抵抗是指机体对胰岛素不敏感，它又多由肥胖引起，约60%~70％的多囊卵巢综合征患者有肥胖，因此，多囊卵巢综合征患者中胰岛素抵抗的发生率很高（约为50％）。胰岛素抵抗发展到最后会出现2型糖尿病，因此，多囊卵巢综合征患者将来很容易发生糖尿病。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　测定空腹胰岛素水平可以了解患者有无胰岛素抵抗，正常情况下，空腹血胰岛素水平&lt;10微单位/毫升；当空腹血胰岛素水平&gt;10微单位/毫升时，就可以说患者有胰岛素抵抗，将来容易发生糖尿病。由于多囊卵巢综合征的诊断标准中没要求测定胰岛素，因此，测定胰岛素对诊断多囊卵巢综合征没有帮助。&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1847","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1191,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486432137585,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486432137584,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1486168781822,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"茉莉花","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"茉莉花","realName":null,"signName":"随遇而安","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1486169681471.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":1,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"140000","cityId":"140500","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4008","isDel":0,"createAt":1485242524223,"createBy":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","createName":"海总剑客","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","title":"多囊卵巢综合征有什么症状","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">患多囊卵巢综合征者大多为年轻的女性朋友，以</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">20-35</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">岁最常见。多囊卵巢综合征的主要临床表现有，月经失调、不育、多毛和肥胖。所以一旦发现多囊卵巢综合症疾病，就要抓紧进行治疗。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">多囊卵巢综合征有哪些症状</span></strong></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">一、肥胖：</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">约半数患者有此表现</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">与雄激素过多、未结合睾酮比例增加及雌激素的长期刺激有关；</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">二、月经失调：</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">初潮后出现月经稀发、继发性闭经及无排卵性功血；</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">三、双侧卵巢增大：</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">通过腹腔镜直视卵卵巢增大</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">通过腹腔镜直视卵巢或</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">B</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">超显像检查可确定卵巢的体积；</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">四、多毛：</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">体毛丰盛，阴毛呈男性分布，油性皮肤、痤疮，系雄激素集聚所致；</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">五、不孕：</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">婚后伴有不孕，主要由于月经失调和无排卵所致；</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">六、黑棘皮症：</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; 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