{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1865","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1865","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"","keywords":"老年病科","title":"老年病科","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"5258","isDel":0,"createAt":1498461238902,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"女性尿失禁的原因与治疗方法","content":"

  不少老年妇女存在不同程度的尿失禁或遗尿问题。有的是咳嗽、打喷嚏、大笑或腹部用力时就尿裤子了；有的是一有尿如不立刻上厕所就会尿裤；那么女性尿失禁的原因是什么？又有什么治疗方法？

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\"女性尿失禁的原因与治疗方法\"

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  老年妇女尿失禁主要是因为雌激素的减少，使支撑膀胱、尿道的骨盆底肌肉松弛及尿道括约肌松弛而引起的。尿道括约肌是束着尿道口的一道环形肌肉圈，象女孩子扎辫子的皮筋儿一样，老化了，没有弹力了，辫子就扎不住了，尿道口封闭不全，一有压力尿就漏出来了。那些生过孩子的妇女，特别是经历过难产，产次多的，因为当时曾有过骨盆底及会阴的软组织损伤，老来更容易发生尿失禁或症状更严重。

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\"女性尿失禁的原因与治疗方法\"

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  骨盆底、会阴部的损伤和肌肉松弛还可以诱发子宫脱垂和阴道壁膨出，老人会误认为自己阴部长了肿瘤而来医院，有的同时有排尿或大便困难，坐者、站着、走着都有障碍，为此也有人用“丁”字带跨过会阴部，把阴道口”的肿物“兜起来。有时脱出的“肿物”被磨破了，出血了，则更令人心烦、恐惧。

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  有些尿失禁，在医生的指导下通过补充适量的雌激素和盆底肌肉锻炼，就可得到明显缓解；有些情况则必须通过手术的方式，悬吊、加固和/或修补尿道及其支撑组织，方可摆脱尿垫的羞涩。

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\"女性尿失禁的原因与治疗方法\"

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预防与治疗方法：

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尿失禁的预防应从产后就开始，坚持不懈的盆底肌肉锻炼将大大减少老来“尿垫”的烦恼。

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张力性尿失禁的现代保守治疗包括电刺激和生物反馈疗法等。

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已有多种方法可将人工材料的悬吊带置入尿道后壁治疗尿失禁，手术微创且效果肯定，但价格较贵，偶尔会出现“排异”或矫枉过正（短期内尿潴留）的副反应。

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子宫脱垂合并阴道壁膨出的老年女性，通常建议行阴式子宫切除和阴道壁修补术。

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 “子宫托”已很少使用，现代手术材料和技术可实现子宫的盆、腹腔内悬吊。

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伴随老龄化社会的趋势，老年痴呆症的发生率逐渐增高。这绝不是单单针对老人自己的事，而是一个应该引起每个家庭和全社会关注的问题，老人脑萎缩老年痴呆的正确认识与对待就显得尤为重要。

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 \"老人脑萎缩老年痴呆的正确认识与对待\" 

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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类型

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病因

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表现

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治疗

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脑血管性痴呆

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由脑动脉硬化引起的脑出血、脑梗塞所致，成为中风后遗症。

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1) 记忆障碍；

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2) 不识数，不会写字；

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3) 丧失判断力，不知道自己所处的位置和时间；

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4) 郁闷不乐，无兴趣，不出屋；

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5) 感情波动剧烈，突然大怒、哭闹；

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6) 妄想；

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7) 反复说同样的事；

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8) 举止怪诞，不加修饰……

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使用改善脑血管及改善脑细胞功能的药物有改善可能。

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\n

阿尔茨默痴呆

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脑萎缩

\n		\n

尚无有确切疗效的药物。绝经后早期补充雌激素有一定的预防作用。

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老年痴呆症现无根治的方法，因此早期发现、早期治疗以缓解痴呆症状，延缓痴呆进展是首要的。为此，希望家人、亲戚、朋友都要细心观察老年人的表现，如存在焦虑不安、失眠、乏力、幻觉等早期症状，应尽快到医院检查治疗，有时痴呆症可以通过抗焦虑、抗抑郁等神经调节药物有所环节。

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对老年痴呆症的老人要象看护小孩一样细心而耐心，此时的老人是名符其实的“老小孩儿”。

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 看护注意事项：

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关心她的“心事”，及时心理疏导。

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随声附和，投其所好。

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衣食住行细心关怀。

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创造温馨的家庭氛围。

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严密监护，避免意外、伤害发生。

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防备外出迷路，随身安放写有姓名、住址、联系人电话的联系签，最好有人陪同外出。

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及时就医，必要时送入专门的养护机构。

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