{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1869","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1869","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:先天性心脏病治疗方法_先心病能治愈吗_先天性心脏病病友的治疗经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"先天性心脏病治疗方法_先心病能治愈吗","title":"先天性心脏病治疗方法_先心病能治愈吗","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"8484","isDel":0,"createAt":1512023676494,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":1526272105771,"updateBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"梅油油","userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"先天性心脏病常见的治疗方法","content":"

如果自己的孩子得了先天性心脏病，作为家长一定非常的着急，肯定会非常担心先天性心脏病能不能完全治愈这个问题，为了解答各位家长的疑惑，接下来找良医网就会为大家详细讲讲先天性心脏病能不能完全治愈。

 

\"先天性心脏病常见的治疗方法\"


　　手术治疗

 

　　先心病一般是无法自行愈合的，均需通过手术或者介入的方法根治。但是对于缺损口径小于0.5cm 的室缺或房缺，可以无需治疗，它不会对患儿心脏功能及生长发育产生不良影响。但由于孩子存在心脏杂音，对将来升学、就业、婚姻有一定影响，而现在手术又非常成熟，有些家长由于这些社会因素还是选择手术。还有一些小的缺损，比如干下部位的室缺，由于靠近主动脉瓣，就是小于0.5cm，也需要积极手术治疗。对于缺损口径大于0.5cm的患儿建议行手术治疗。

 

　　介入治疗

 

　　介入治疗主要用于先天性心脏病房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、肺动脉瓣狭窄、体动脉至肺动脉瘘和室间隔缺损等的根治性治疗。对于一些暂时无法手术或是已丧失手术矫治时机的先天性心脏病经此方法治疗后，可较好地等待手术矫治或是改善临床症状、延缓病情进展;此外还有一些手术矫治不彻底或不完全的先天性心脏病也可采用此方法进行补救性治疗。如室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损手术后残余漏、心脏瓣膜置换术后瓣周漏等，均可采用介入治疗加以补救。

 

　　微创治疗

 

　　心脏外科手术治疗先天性心脏病的最传统、最彻底、最经典方法是采取胸骨正中切口方式，此种先天性心脏病治疗手术由于从胸骨正中作切口，将心脏全部暴露在视野内，几乎适合所有的先天性心脏病类型。　　但是，这种先天性心脏病治疗方法的缺点是手术中失血较多，且术后胸部会留下一条较长的疤痕，不仅影响美观，对术后病人的心理创伤也较大。　　简单的先天性心脏病病人，如动脉导管未闭、房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损和肺动脉瓣狭窄的病人，可以采用胸腔镜辅助小切口房缺修补术、经胸微创房缺/室缺封堵术等先天性心脏病微创手术，达到减少创伤、美容、节约费用等好处。


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最传统、最经典的先心病治疗方法是胸骨正中切口心脏外科手术，随着心脏病外科治疗技术的不断发展，同时,患者对手术效果的要求也逐步提高,一些旨在减少损伤、尽量不影响外观的心脏微创手术出现。接下来为您介绍五大方式治疗先天性心脏病：

 

\"先天性心脏病治疗的五种方式\"


1、先心介入封堵术：

通过一个“米粒大的切口”完成手术，3-4天可出院，无疤痕。亚心医院平均每年完成该类先心介入手术800余例，手术量位居湖北省首位。

 

2、先心外科微创封堵术：

在胸口开3厘米小切口修补缺损，适合外科开胸风险很高的先心病患者。

 

3、先心外科微创小切口术：

通过仅仅3-4厘米小切口做手术，适应症广，不开胸，术后3-4天便可出院，节省费用，平均花费约1.5万元，最低的仅0.8万元。

 

4、胸腔镜下外科先心修补术：

3个钥匙孔般的小洞来补心，基本不出血，伤口恢复仅需三四天，一周左右就可以出院，美容效果更好。

 

5、常规先心开胸术：

最常采用的方法，适用于所有类型先天性心脏病。


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\"先心病的治疗方法，看专家怎么解释\"

 

1、内科治疗

 

目前先心病除早产儿的动脉导管未闭，早期通过药物治疗有可能治愈，小的肌部或膜部室间隔缺损、小的房间隔缺损有可能自愈外，其它病种通过打针、吃药均是不可能治愈的。内科药物治疗只能暂时控止心衰、降低肺动脉压，作为术前的一种短期治疗。

 

2、介入治疗

 

介入治疗是动脉导管未闭、房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损、肺动脉狭窄的首选治疗方法，但部分患儿仍需传统手术。

 

3、手术治疗

 

目前几乎所有的先心病都能进行手术治疗（姑息或根治术）。不同的病种手术时机不同。严重病人有的必须在生后急诊手术，常患呼吸道感染、反复肺炎、心力衰竭者，尤为药物不能控制的患儿，应及早手术。理论上讲先心病患儿年龄》2岁肺血管床均发生了器质性改变，应在此前手术。但疾病较轻，对生长发育影响不大的患儿，可每半至一年随诊检查一次，以便掌握最佳手术时机。


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先天性心脏病是危害性非常大的一种疾病，该疾病的大部分患者都是小孩子，这对一个家庭来说危害性是非常大的，所以寻求一种科学合理的治疗方法就是家长们最关心的问题，下面找良医网就为大家介绍一下先心病的治疗方法都有哪些。先天性心脏病治疗模式的发展过程有以下几点。

 

\"治疗先天性心脏病又有新招\"


一、常规的开胸外科手术。上世纪50年代出现的常规外科手术，从正胸切开或者从侧面切开，插上管子做体外循环，让心脏先停下来，然后找到窟窿，把窟窿缝上，其缺点是要切开心脏、创伤比较大。

 　

二、放射下经皮介入封堵。从腿上穿一根管子到心脏里，然后释放封堵器，把窟窿堵起来，它比第一种方法具有明显优势，其创伤很小，整个过程中心脏可以跳动，不用停;其缺点在于因手术会用到放射线和造影剂，而造影剂对患者的肝、肾会有一定影响，放射线对于眼睛、骨髓、甲状腺、乳腺、生殖腺也有一些影响。

 　

三、食道超声下经胸介入封堵。这个方法主要在剑突开一个约拇指大小的开口，在食道超声引导下把封堵器从这个位置放进去。其最大的好处就是不需要使用放射线和造影剂，而是作食道超声来观察心脏，但缺点在于食道超声要从嘴插入食管，患者比较痛苦。

 

四、超声下经胸介入封堵。管子照样从腿上送进去，伤口很小，但不用放射线、也不用造影剂，而是用经胸超声进行引导，也不需要用食道超声。


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先天性心脏病我们都还是比较熟悉的，但是引起这些原因都有哪些？接下来找良医网带你看看先天性心脏病的几个原因。

  

\"先天性心脏病的几个原因\"


一、胎儿周围环境因素。

  

妊娠早期子宫内病毒感染，以风疹病毒感染后多见，常引起动脉导管未闭及肺动脉口狭窄，其次为柯萨奇病毒感染可引起心内膜弹力纤维增生症，此外羊膜病变，胎儿周围机械压迫，母体营养障碍，维生素缺乏及代谢病，母体用细胞毒类药物或较长时间放射线照射，均可能与本病发生有关。

  

二、遗传因素。

  

5％先心病患者发生于同一家族，其病种相同或近似，可能由于基因异常或染色体畸变所致。

  

三、其他。

  

高原地区动脉导管未闭及房间隔缺损发病率较高，发生可能与缺氧有关。有些先心病有性别倾向性。

  

找良医网为大家讲解了导致孩子患上先天性心脏病这种疾病的原因，除了遗传因素之外，他会作为的环境因素，以及胎儿的缺氧等情况，都会导致这种疾病的发生，希望孕妇在怀孕的过程中能够养成良好的生活习惯，坚持适当的体育锻炼，以便避免这些患病因素的出现。


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\"timg

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\n

　　先天性心脏病是一种古老的疾病，我国古代《黄帝内经》中就有关于此病的描述。先心病的发病率约占足月新生婴儿的千分之七至千分之八，如果是早产儿的话，其发病率更高，是成熟儿的2～3倍。我国人口基数巨大，每年出生人口众多。按上述发病率计算，则每年新增各类先心病患儿近20万，此类患儿的生命健康受到严重的威胁，1岁以内的自然死亡率为20％～50％；再加上多种原因，真正得到有效治疗的患儿不足1/3，因此，目前先心病已成为5岁以下儿童的最重要死亡原因。 

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先心病的分类： 
　　 
　　非紫绀型先心病： 
　　先天性心脏病的种类繁多，其中以室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭等最为常见，合起来占到了所有先心病的半数以上，这几种先心病的初始阶段均不会导致患儿缺氧，所以又统称为非紫绀型先心病。 
　　非紫绀型先心病一般表现为患儿呼吸困难、心力衰竭和生长发育滞后等，严重者早期夭折。因此，为了保障患儿正常的生长发育，心脏外科医师越来越强调早期手术，以尽早结束先心病带来的多种不利影响。 
　　当然，也有部分非紫绀型先心病的症状较轻，平时没有特别的异常表现，可存活至学龄前期，个别还能存活至成人期；在这种情况下，同样也要引起人们的重视，因为随着时间的延长、年龄的增长，心脏的负担日益加重、心功能受损，还可引起呼吸系统疾病，形成肺动脉高压；因为患儿家长对此认识不足，加之经济困难，临床上有不少患儿因出现了严重的肺动脉高压而失去手术机会，令人扼腕叹息。 
　　 
　　紫绀型先心病： 
　　先心病中还有一类叫紫绀型先心病，这样的孩子在出生后立刻或是经过长短不一的一段时间后，会出现不同程度的缺氧表现，患儿嘴唇呈暗紫色，皮肤、指甲等部位发绀，活动能力极度下降。 
　　缺氧的危害更大，患儿形成低氧代谢，全身所有组织尤其是心肌细胞、中枢神经细胞都将受到不同程度的缺血缺氧性损害，早期死亡率更高；即使是能存活至学龄期，也往往留有体力、智力等方面的重度缺陷。临床上常见的紫绀型先心病有法洛四联症、大动脉转位、完全性肺静脉异位连接等。 

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早发现、早诊断、早治疗： 

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　　 不管是何种先心病，都应该做到“早发现、早诊断、早治疗”。只要能做到“三早”，绝大部分先心病是能够根治的，孩子将完全可能成为健康人。 
　　先心病的治疗手段主要包括外科手术和介入封堵治疗，其中以外科手术为主，介入封堵治疗一般仅用于少数简单先心病或作为外科手术的辅助治疗手段。 
　　上世纪50年代，美国医生吉布森经过反复的实践，发明的体外循环机，其原理是把回归心脏的血液收集到了体外循环机中。并在体外循环机中氧合，再灌回至人体，这样就可以使心脏暂时得到休息，医师可以对心脏畸形进行矫治手术。 
　　体外循环技术的出现是现代心脏外科技术的重要标志，经过半个多世纪的发展，心脏外科技术已日趋逐步完善，可以说是人类智慧的高度结晶。今天，绝大多数先心病均可经过外科手术得到根治性的矫正。而且。在国内比较先进、系统的心脏中心，婴幼儿先心外科手术总死亡率低于5％，完全达到甚至领先于国际水平。 
　　同时，我们也要注意到，心脏外科在我国还远不够普及，有实力开展心脏外科手术的医院还不是很多，心脏外科专业技术人员还相对缺乏；这种现象在我国部分相对贫困地区尤为明显，这就导致了相当多的先心病患儿难以得到及时而有效的治疗，甚至在个别地区，根本就得不到治疗。 

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提前干预，避免出生缺陷： 
　　婴儿出生缺陷排在前5位的是：先天性心脏病、外耳畸形、多指(趾)、唇裂、肾脏畸形。 
　　减少出生缺陷，不仅政府部门和医院要付出努力，每一个家庭也要高度重视。 
　　首先是孕前要做好充分准备，双方都不要抽烟喝酒，要十分注重身体健康，避免接触放射性物质，少吃或不吃烧烤类食物，怀孕早期孕母适当补充叶酸的不足，避免病毒感染，少用或不用电脑等含电磁波的物品，还要定期去医院进行检查。 
　　预防胜于治疗，大家必须树立计划怀孕观念，将出生缺陷的预防防线前移，做好一级预防工作。 
　　凡具有以下情形的孕妇，在怀孕4～6个月时，一定要进行产前检查和遗传咨询。这些情形为：年龄在35岁以上的孕妇；曾生过无脑儿、脊柱裂或其他畸形胎儿的妇女；有习惯性流产、多次胎死宫内的妇女；家族中有先天性代谢性疾病的患者，或孕妇本人曾生育过代谢性疾病患儿；夫妇双方均为同一种地中海贫血患者；怀孕早期，曾患过风疹、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹等病毒感染的孕妇；孕前及孕期饲养宠物并经常接触宠物的孕妇；孕早期曾服用可能致胎儿畸形的药物，或接受过放射线诊断或治疗的孕妇。 

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认识误区一：先心病儿长大后自然会好
　　有家长认为，孩子出生时心脏有毛病无关大碍。长大后自然会正常。因此，许多心脏有缺陷的孩子就这样失去了治疗机会。确实有极少数患儿可自愈，但专业心脏外科医师都很难为其做出准确判断。 

　　所以，小儿先心病应早诊断、早治疗。虽然大部分先心病儿未有实时生命危险，但随着年龄的增长，心脏负担增大，会造成心功能受损，引起呼吸系统疾病，特别是紫绀型先天性心脏病，会出现缺氧，形成低氧代谢、血液浓缩、血管堵塞，容易导致死亡，而大部分非紫绀型心脏病，只要及时治疗，孩子将完全可以成为健康人。否则，可能形成不可逆转的病变。 

 

认识误区二：治了也白治。花了钱保不了命
　　过去，由于技术理论的不成熟，人们对心脏病外科手术存在着许多顾虑。认为先心病的孩子不做手术也许还能多活几年，做了手术也不能和其他人一样正常生活。但现在先心病的手术成功率已提高到97％以上，特别是对于房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、肺动脉瓣膜狭窄等常见的几种心脏病完全可以治愈。手术后完全可以成为正常人，和其他孩子―样生活、学习、长大成人。 

 

认识误区三：家境贫困等存够钱再治疗
　　许多先心病患者，特别是生活在农村的贫困患儿，因付不起相对较高的手术费用，而不能接受治疗。一名汨罗的先心病患儿，到医院检查确诊时，病情已非常严重，医院几次发出通知，希望家长能抓紧时间为孩子手术，但因经济困难而未行治疗。 
　　小儿如果出现经常感冒，容易感染肺炎，活动能力下降，生长发育迟缓，经常昏厥，唇、甲出现青紫等症状，往往是病情较重的表现，家长应带孩子到医院检查，一旦确诊为先心病应在心脏外科医师指导下尽早手术。拖延只能是会花更多的钱，并且可能导致难以治愈。


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　　先天性心脏病指患者在娘胎中发生的心脏病，主要是正常的心脏在发育过程中，由于种种原因造成了发育停滞或发育不全，导致心室、心房间隔缺损，动脉导管未闭，肺动脉瓣、主动脉瓣狭窄，法乐氏四联症，大血管错位等。 
 
　　我国每年出生的婴儿中约有7％－11％为先天性心血管异常。大约有1/2的患儿因严重心脏畸形在出生后一年内死亡。幸存者在生长发育的各年龄阶段反复出现呼吸道感染，发育障碍。轻者早期可无症状，但心前区杂音将影响患儿的升学和就业，若不进行治疗，最终会导致肺动脉高压、心脏扩大、心力衰竭；有的还会并发心内膜炎、血管栓塞和高血压等，危及生命。 
　　 

家长如何判断孩子得了先天性心脏病： 
　　 
　　先天性心脏病的种类达几十种甚至上百种，病情表现各不相同。常见的表现有呼吸困难、心跳加快、发育差，部分患者出现口唇发紫，即临床上所说的紫绀。绝大部分患儿都能听到心脏杂音。大部分孩子容易患感冒、肺炎。当家长发现孩子有这些表现时，应及时到医院做检查。常用检查为彩超，必要时做心血管造影。 
　　 

孩子患有先天性心脏病家长怎么办：
　　 
　　一旦确诊孩子为先天性心脏病，应及时就诊。绝大多数先天性心脏病已成为可治愈的疾病。治愈后的儿童能参加正常学习和一般的体育活动。但由于有些患儿的家长疏忽，延迟就医，疾病晚期失去手术治疗机会，或并发心肺功能不全，增加手术的难度和危险性。 


　　对于患有先心病的患儿，家长该怎么办?①不要抱着“等大一点再治”的想法，应及早带着孩子到医院进行详细检查，以确定心脏畸形的性质、程度及适合手术的年龄。②即使孩子仅有心脏杂音而无明显症状，也不能疏忽大意，应定期到医院检查，以了解杂音的变化及心肺负荷的情况。必要时考虑手术，预防心内膜炎的发生。③对于因年龄需要等待手术时机的患儿，要注意预防感冒，培养刷牙的好习惯，保持口腔清洁卫生，发现蛀牙、扁桃体炎要积极治疗，避免剧烈体育运动。 


　　先天性心脏病治疗有内科介入治疗和外科手术治疗两种办法。根据疾病种类及病情，由专科医生确定采用何种方法。

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一、小儿先天性心脏病发病情况如何? 
　　小儿先天性心脏病是常见的严重疾病。据联合国世界卫生组织19 1年统计，各种先天性畸形死亡病例数，心血管病畸形约占40％以上。先天性心脏病在出生后两个月内死亡率最高，大部分在生后一周内即死亡。30‰的病例在生后一个月内死亡。近年来，由于诊断方法、手术技术的改进和护理的改善，小儿先天性心脏病的手术治愈率已不断地提高。 
　　 

二、小儿先天性心脏病大致分成几类? 
　　小儿先天性心脏病可分两类，一是以严重紫坩为主要症状的先天性心脏病，有：1、大动脉转位；2、伴有正常室间隔的肺动脉闭锁或肺动脉瓣狭窄；3、伴有室间隔缺损的肺动脉闭锁，或肺动脉瓣狭窄；4，三尖瓣闭锁：5、法鲁氏四联症(此病较常见)。二是以心力衰竭为主要症状的小儿先天性心脏病，有：1，左心发育不良：2、主动脉缩窄综合征；3、重度主动脉狭窄；4、不伴肺动脉狭窄的右室双出口：5、三心房等。 

 

三、怎样尽早发现孩子有先天性心脏病? 
　　早期发现孩子是否患有先天性心脏病并不困难，只要留心观察。一般可出现两类症状：其一，出现指(趾)端青紫，或口唇、眼结膜等青紫；其二，由心力衰竭引起的呼吸急促、心率增快、肝脾肿大、多汗、不安等症状。因此，家长若发现孩子有上述先天性心脏病的症状，应及早治疗。 
　　 

四、小儿先天性心脏病何时动手术为宜? 
　　 小儿先天性心脏病手术适宜年龄依病变而定，如室间隔缺损较大，不能自然闭合的患儿，应在2岁左右动手术。若室间隔缺损较小，或症状不严重的患儿，可在1岁以后动手术，因为在此年龄之前有自然闭合的可能。动脉导管未闭的患儿可在任何年龄期间动手术。房间隔缺损的患儿常在学龄期出现症状，可在此期间动手术。法鲁氏四联症畸形根治手术，以4岁左右最好。肺动脉狭窄者，轻度可不动手术；中等、重度应及早动手术。 
　　 

五、小儿先天性心脏手术疗效如何? 
　　小儿先天性心脏病中，除法鲁氏四联症手术死亡率较高(在10％左右)以外，其它的手术治疗效果均很好，而且治愈率很高。 
　　 

六、小儿先天性心脏术前应注意些什么? 
　　心脏手术是大手术，为了手术的安全，术前要对患儿作全面的体格检查和特殊检查，家长应配合医生做好术前必须做的检查。 
　　如果患儿有贫血或营养不良，血红蛋白低于9克％，血浆蛋白低于正常值，白蛋白与球蛋白比值倒置者，应在贫血和营养改善后再行手术。膳食应富于蛋白质、铁及维生素，如：肝、腰子、鸡鸭肫、蛋黄、瘦肉，菠菜、水果等等。每日于两餐之间各加一次猪肝或鸡蛋，平均每日可增加蛋白质15克左右，铁8～10毫克。应采用高热量饮食，增加热量的方法是，在普通饭及软食之外，另加2次点心。平均每日增加糖40克，热量669焦耳(160卡)。 如在短期内不能纠正贫血和改善营养状态，可采取术前输血或血浆来迅速纠正贫血与营养不良状态，使患儿能早期接受并耐受手术。 
　　手术前1～2天，为了保持手术区的皮肤洁净，防止刀口感染，最好给患儿洗澡。如果不能洗澡，至少必须用温水毛巾与肥皂把手术区皮肤洗干净。但必须严防感冒，因为感冒易使患儿术后发生呼吸道感染和肺部并发症，威胁患儿生命。 
　　手术前夜应设法使患儿甜睡。如因故睡不好，应适当给催眠剂，使患儿能精力充沛地迎接手术。 
　　手术前晚的饮食应为流质、半流质，如牛奶、杏仁茶、蛋汤、蒸蛋羹、藕粉、粥、面条、馄饨、蛋糕、麦片，罐头水果等 
　　如次日上午手术，从半夜后(夜12时)开始禁食、禁水。新生儿及婴幼儿因胃排空较快，一般术前4小时禁食即可。 
　　 

七、小儿先天性心脏手术后应注意些什么? 
　　 麻醉清醒前，必须严密守护在患儿床边，让他的头偏向一侧；若发生呕吐，要及时吸出口腔呕吐物，防止窒息，威胁患儿生命。 
　　保持平卧位3天，使头与躯体保持在同一水平的床面上，以防气栓逸入肺部。 
　　手术后有胸腔引流管，这是开胸手术的需要，应保持通畅，防止小儿翻身时使管子脱落和扭曲受压。 
　　导尿管是为术中、术后计测尿量而设置的管子，也要注意防止脱落、扭曲或受压，保持通畅。 
　　氧气吸入鼻管和静脉输液管均需注意防护，防止脱落，注意输液滴数，不能过快，防止肺水肿，是否需要调节，要由医护人员决定。 
　　术后4～6小时，婴儿可给饮糖水，儿童饮水后可食少量流质食物，如：冲蛋花、牛奶、藕粉、杏仁茶、各种果汁等，以后给半流质，如：粥、面条、馄饨等，逐渐恢复到正常饮食，如：瘦猪肉末、小肉丸、虾仁米、鱼肉、鱼丸、鸡汤和各种嫩纤维蔬菜(如白菜、菠菜、油菜等)和水果。每日供给热量5020焦耳(1200卡)、蛋白质42克、碳水化合物155克、脂肪48克左右。为促进食欲，应注意饮食多样化。 
　　术后创口疼痛引起患儿哭闹影响睡眠时，可适当应用镇静剂，使小儿能安然入睡，加速健康的恢复。 
八、哪些因素可发生先天性心脏病? 
　　先天性心脏病是遗传病。另外，环境因素也起着一定作用。 
　 　1、从优生和遗传角度看，近亲结婚是十分有害的。先天性心脏病在近亲婚配中，发生率比一般婚配的明显增高； 
　 　2、母亲患感冒，对胎儿有影响，特别是怀孕头三个月内，对胎儿影响更大，这是因为此时胎儿发育较快，各种器官正在分化形成，如果患了感冒，会使胎儿发育受到严重威胁，甚至发生畸形； 
　　 3、怀孕期间做X线检查，可能引起胎儿各种畸形，包括心脏畸形： 
　　 4、父母吸烟对胎儿有害，因为烟雾中所含的尼古丁、氰化物、铅、铋、铝等有毒物质，会通过胎盘进入胎儿体内，直接影响胎儿。这些物质可使胎儿体重减轻，出现先天性心脏病。 
　　 
九、从优质九、从优生的角度，如何避免先天性心脏病 
　　 一是男女双方在结婚登记前要进行身体健康检查这样可发现某些遗传病。医生根据遗传病的种类和程度，劝告哪些人不该结婚，哪些人需要用避孕措施和绝育等，这对本人和子女都有好处。

  其二、要避免上述促发先天性心脏病的几项环境因素。 
　　三是做好产前诊断。产前诊断是近代医学的一个重大进展，它的方法较多，如：抽羊水检查，培养羊水细胞和生化检查，用超声波，X线经腹胎儿镜直接检查法等。应当这些方法可诊断胎儿各种畸形把遗传病的检测提前到出生之前，以决定是否允许其出生。这就为优生提供了可靠的保证。


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