![\"哮喘病的病因\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502026847417.jpg\" "\\"哮喘病的病因\\"")
哮喘病的病因多由内外因素共同作用而导致的结果，因此哮喘病的防止需从内因、外因出发，进行相应的治疗。
\n
1、哮喘病内因
\n（1） 遗传因素：哮喘是一种多基因遗传病，调查发现，家庭中患哮喘病的人数越多，其子女患哮喘病的几率也越高。
\n（2） 体质因素：哮喘病人多为过敏性体质，在婴幼儿时多有婴儿湿疹，过敏性鼻炎，异位性皮炎等病史。
\n2、哮喘病外因
\n（1） 过敏源：①吸入性过敏源：尘螨、蟑螂、动物皮毛、花粉等。其中尘螨是诱发哮喘的最重要吸入性过敏源。尤以屋尘螨最为常见。②食物性过敏源：海鲜、牛奶、肉、蛋甚至某些蔬菜如竹笋、蘑菇等都可以成为某一特定病人的过敏源。③接触性过敏源：如油漆、某些化妆品等。
\n（２） 感染：病毒或细菌感染，尤以病毒性呼吸道感染最为常见。蛔虫、钩虫等寄生虫诱发哮喘在农村也可见到，但目前也较为少见。
\n（3） 吸烟与被动吸烟：有最新研究提示，同为无过敏史的母亲，在孕期吸烟者娩出的婴儿患哮喘的几率比在孕期不吸烟者高出2倍。吸烟者吸入的一支烟的烟雾中的有毒颗粒浓度是吸烟者吸入的1-4倍。其主要成分是多环烃类、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、尼古丁等，这些化学位置均可诱发哮喘。
\n![\"哮喘病的病因\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502027560442.jpg\" "\\"哮喘病的病因\\"")
（4） 气候变化：气温、湿度与气压的变化也将诱发哮喘。
\n（5） 运动：儿童因运动而诱发哮喘的可达70%以上。在寒冷季节，进行运动量较大的室外长跑，或竞争激烈的短跑、溜冰、连续跳绳等均可诱发哮喘。
\n![\"哮喘病的病因\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502027011064.jpg\" "\\"哮喘病的病因\\"")
（６） 药物和化学制剂：如阿司匹林、心得安、青霉素类、磺胺类，某些平喘药如麻黄素、肾上腺素等都可引起哮喘。染料和防腐剂如酒石黄、宝石蓝、亚硝酸盐等也能诱发哮喘。
\n（7） 精神因素：情绪波动、精神紧张、受恐吓、激动、甚至大笑之后亦可引发哮喘。
\n找良医网提示您，及早就医及早干预，将有助您康复！
\n","barId":"2586","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1532,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502026761009,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502026761009,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5494","isDel":0,"createAt":1502023380932,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"专家告诉你：雾霾是什么，雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面","content":"
近年，雾霾天气引起人们对健康的忧虑。雾霾是什么、雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面？这些已成为各方人士普遍关心的问题。
\n![\"雾霾是什么，雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502023481533.jpg\" "\\"雾霾是什么，雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面\\"")
雾霾是什么？
\n雾霾是雾和霾的组合词，是一种天气现象，霾天气定义为：“大量极细微的干尘粒等均匀地浮游在空中，使水平能见度小于10公里的空气。
\n霾的水分含量低于80％，因含有灰尘、硫酸、硝酸和有机碳氢化合物等大量极微细的粒子而呈黄色、橙灰色。霾粒子小且分布较均匀，肉眼看不到空中飘浮的颗粒物。
\n对人体健康有影响的空气悬浮颗粒物为PM10和PM2.5，均为呼吸道可吸入颗粒物。PM10可以进入人的呼吸系统，但主要沉积在大小气道，若年均PM10＞20μg/m3，则会对人体产生危害。PM2.5被吸入人体后不易被阻挡，可直接进入支气管，因此也称为可入肺颗粒物。
\n![\"雾霾是什么，雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502024160246.jpg\" "\\"雾霾是什么，雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面\\"")
雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面？
\nPM2.5颗粒还不到人的头发丝粗细的1/20，不容易被阻挡而进入末梢气道、肺泡，甚至血液，对人体健康的影响是多方面的，包括心脑血管、呼吸系统和精神等。PM2.5颗粒可干扰肺部的气体交换，引发包括哮喘、支气管炎和心血管病等疾病的发作，对人体的危害比较大。PM2.5还可成为病毒和细菌的载体，为呼吸道传染病的传播推波助澜。国外研究表明，可吸入颗粒物浓度每上升10μg/m3，呼吸系统疾病患病率可增加3.4%，心血管病增加1.4%，每日总死亡率上升1%。据欧盟报道，PM2.5可导致人的平均寿命减少8.6个月。
\n![\"雾霾是什么，雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502023820808.jpg\" "\\"雾霾是什么，雾霾对人体的危害包括哪些方面\\"")
雾霾天气与高血压、冠心病、脑溢血有关，可能诱发心绞痛、心肌梗塞、心力衰竭等。老年慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、哮喘、鼻炎、上下呼吸道感染、肺源性心脏病等常见的呼吸系统疾病可因雾霾而触发。
\n雾霾还可导致人们的心理障碍、精神懒散、情绪低落、压抑等症状，其中首当其冲是增加呼吸系统疾病的发病率。对具体患者而言，疾病是否由雾霾引起很难确定，因为雾霾对人体的影响并非一朝一夕，也有个体体质因素及对雾霾成分敏感性的因素。
\n","barId":"2586","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1574,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502023380934,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502023380934,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5492","isDel":0,"createAt":1502016242951,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"一文让您明白：什么是24小时动态心电图，动态心电图能检查出什么病","content":"
24小时动态心电图是一种可24小时连续记录并分析人体心脏在活动和安静状态下心电图变化的方法。那么动态心电图能检查出什么病？可以连续记录24小时心电活动的全过程，包括休息、活动、进餐、工作、学习和睡眠等不同情况下的心电图资料，能够发现常规心电图不易发现的心律失常和心肌缺血,对确立诊断、判断疗效有着非常重要的作用。
\n![\"一文让您明白：什么是24小时动态心电图，动态心电图能检查出什么病\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1502017216879.jpg\" "\\"一文让您明白：什么是24小时动态心电图，动态心电图能检查出什么病\\"")
24小时动态心电图可确定心悸、头晕、昏厥等症状是否与心律失常有关，如严重心动过缓、心脏停搏、传导阻滞、室性心动过速等，另外 24小时动态心电图也是监测心肌缺血的方法之一。
\n24小时动态心电图主要具有以下意义：
\n心律失常：
\n1、 检出隐匿性心律失常：短暂的,特定情况下始出现的心律失常，常规心电图易漏诊,而24小时动态心电图则可以捕捉到短暂的异常心电变化,并与临床症状，日常活动同步分析其相互关系。
\n2、监测快速性心律失常：可进一步了解其发生与终止规律.是否伴有SSS综合征或预激综合征(尤其间歇性)以及其分型。
\n3、观察缓慢性心律失常：了解其主要表现形式及有无窦房结功能不全。对快一慢综合征，通过24小时动态心电图观测,协助选择抗心律失常药,调整剂量或考虑其它治疗方法,为安装起搏器及类型选择提供客观依据。
\n动态心电图临床使用
\n1、通过24小时动态心电图监测其发生频度与严重程度,和生活或活动的相应关系,确定治疗方针。
\n2、24小时动态心电图是研究评价抗心律失常药物可靠的临床指标。
\n提前发现导致猝死的潜在危险因素
\n心性猝死常见的原因是室速或室颤，发生前常有心电活动不稳的室性心律失常，只有依靠24小时动态心电图才能比较轻易的发现其发生规律。对有可能发生猝死的二尖瓣脱垂、肥厚性或扩张性心肌病、Q-T延长综合征患者，DCG可及时并比较全面地发现猝死危险因素,有助于及时采取有力治疗措施。
\n24小时动态心电图的协助判断
\n24小时动态心电图能协助判断间歇出现的症状如胸闷、心悸、眩晕、黑朦或晕厥是否心源性。
\n辅助诊断缺血性心脏病
\n24小时动态心电图，对心肌缺血的检出率非常高，并予以定位诊断，尤其症状不典型的心肌缺血。ST-T改变与时间同步的活动相关分析，有助于判断其心肌缺血的类型和并选择合适的药物。此外，24小时动态心电图还能检出心肌缺血时伴随的心律失常类型及频率，以及预测发生心源性猝死的可能性，及早防治。
\n检测人工心脏起搏器
\n24小时动态心电图可监测患者在活动或休息时的起搏心电图变化，了解起搏器的脉冲发放与感知功能，以及有无心律失常的发生。
\n","barId":"2586","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":3156,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502016242953,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502016242953,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5491","isDel":0,"createAt":1501946840550,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图","content":"
冠脉介入手术介入治疗，是指经心导管技术疏通狭窄甚至闭塞的冠状动脉管腔，以达到改善心肌的血流灌注目的的治疗方法。在临床中，根据穿刺部位的不同，分为以下两种路径：
\n1、股动脉路径：因为股动脉较粗大，因此穿刺的成功率也略高。但是存在术后卧床时间长、并发症的发生率较高等缺点，比如：出血、血肿、假性动脉瘤、动静脉瘘和腹膜后血肿等。
\n2、桡动脉路径：改路径具有术后压迫时间短，不需卧床，患者痛苦也比股动脉路径轻，并且具有并发症少的优势，目前已逐渐成为冠脉介入手术治疗的首选路径
\n我们可以通过以下几张图来做以大概了解：
\n动脉导管途径：
\n\n
![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947528621.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
\n
心脏血管狭窄部位和X线显像：
![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947482179.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
球囊进入狭窄部位和球囊扩张：
\n![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947228132.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
支架进入及释放过程：
\n![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947023285.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
造影剂显像确认冠脉处理效果：
\n![\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501947355539.gif\" "\\"冠脉介入手术过程简单示意图\\"")
\n
","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2653,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1501946840552,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1501946840552,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5490","isDel":0,"createAt":1501945830826,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"别担心，专家告诉你：什么事冠脉造影、 冠脉造影有风险吗","content":"
什么是冠脉造影？首先冠状动脉负责心肌血液的血管，分为左，右2支，按左右分别开口于主动脉根部的左，右主动脉窦内，开始向心脏表面延伸并不断产生分支进入心脏。血液、血管壁是不透光的，与心脏重叠，所以血管腔内如有粥样斑块或狭窄时，普通X光无法显示。冠脉造影利用特制定型的心导管，在注射显影剂的同时行X光电影摄像，这样就可清楚地将整个左或右冠状动脉的主干及其分支的血管腔显示出来，以此了解血管有无狭窄病灶存在，对病变部位，范围，严重程度，血管壁的情况等作出明确诊断，制定治疗方案，判断疗效。这是一种较为安全可靠的有创诊断技术，集诊断和治疗于一体。
\n![\"别担心，专家告诉你：什么事冠脉造影、](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501946345402.jpg\" "\\"别担心，专家告诉你：什么事冠脉造影、")
冠脉造影术在局麻下进行，因为血管及心脏内均无感觉神经，病人在血管穿刺时会感到轻微疼痛，其余无明显不适。术后需平卧18-24小时，部分患者可伴有腰背酸痛不适，起床活动后症状消失。任何手术均有发生并发症的可能，因此术前要求病人履行签字手续。冠脉造影并发症发生率0.2%~0.9%，是风险极小、相对安全、几乎无痛苦的手术。目前协和医院心内科90%以上的患者可以经桡动脉造影,经桡动脉行冠脉介入治疗手术的患者术后立即拔除动脉鞘管，桡动脉压迫、加压固定4-6小时即可。术后均可即刻随意下地活动。目前冠脉内超声显像技术及光学干涉成像技术在临床广泛应用，部分在冠脉造影中显示正常的血管内超声显像可发现内膜增厚或斑块存在，所以冠脉内超声显像及OCT比冠脉造影更为敏感，检查费也更昂贵，除非临床高度怀疑有冠心病（有众多危险因素、典型症状，心电图有异常改变）而冠脉造影正常者，才考虑上述检查。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1937,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1501945830828,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1501945830828,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5488","isDel":0,"createAt":1501897385662,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"专家为您解说：做射频消融术有危险吗，射频消融术治疗的适应症范围","content":"
许多病友在听说要接受射频消融术时的第一反应就是：做射频消融术有危险吗，我的病情是在射频消融术治疗的适应症范围之内吗？别着急，且听专家来为您一一解答：
\n射频消融术的技术特点来看做射频消融术有危险吗
\n射频消融术的治疗，是通过血管穿刺，将电极导管送到心脏腔内特定部位，寻找导致心脏异常的传导路径，或者异位起搏点的位置，目前的医学技术已经可以实现精细标测，在准确定位后进行放电消融。一般情况下，只要早搏次数大于1万，并且病变位置比较适合导管操作的情况下，就可以选择射频消融术治疗。
\n![\"做射频消融术有危险吗，射频消融术治疗的适应症范围\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501897672757.jpg\" "\\"做射频消融术有危险吗，射频消融术治疗的适应症范围\\"")
如果有心律失常可能会持续存在很长时间，例如早搏，多数会存在七八年，甚至十余年，预激综合征将终生存在。严重的心律失常发作时，患者活动受限、生活质量差，如果反复发作，长时间以后会造成心脏扩大、心功能下降比较严重，因此应该尽早接受射频消融术治疗。
\n而有些患者心律失常，如早搏，通过药物治疗也不能有效缩短病程，只是缓解症状。是药三分毒，长期的用药，对患者而言也得不偿失。因此，只有当心律失常影响到患者的生活质量、身体状况时，才用药治疗，在合适的情况下也可采用射频消融术进行治疗。
\n综上所述做射频消融术的风险系数还是非常低的。
\n![\"做射频消融术有危险吗，射频消融术治疗的适应症范围\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501897847598.JPG\" "\\"做射频消融术有危险吗，射频消融术治疗的适应症范围\\"")
射频消融术的适应症
\n1.房室折返型心动过速 即显性和隐匿性预激综合征。房室间存在着先天性的“旁路”，通过导管射频把旁路“切断”，心动过速或预激波就永远不再发生了。
\n2.房室结折返型心动过速 房室结形成所谓“双径路”，从而导致小电流在适宜条件下，会在两条径路形成的折返环中快速运行，这就引起所谓的心动过速。通过射频消融术把慢径消掉，只保留快径，达到心动过速不会再犯的目的。
\n3.心房扑动 心房扑动是指在心房里有一个大的环路(通常是右心房)，微小电流在此环路上不停地转圈，心房可跳至300次/分，正常情况的心室一般多为150次/分。射频消融术可以破坏右房狭部造成环路的双向电流阻滞，从而达到根治房扑的目的。
\n4.房性心动过速(房速) 房速是指在左心房或右心房的某一局部有异常快速发放电流的“兴奋点”或者在心房内有小的折返运动。经电生理检查可以标测到异位“兴奋点”，或折返环的部位，通过射频消融术就可得到根治的目的。
\n5.心房颤动(房颤) 房颤是一种十分常见的心律失常。最新的研究已经揭示：房颤的触发是因为与心房相连的大静脉上的“心肌袖”发放快速电冲动；另外，房颤持续与心房肌自身重构有一定得相关性。采用导管电极在环肺静脉口进行射频消融术，从而达到大静脉与心房的“电隔离”效果，或加上在心房内的某些线形消融，也可以达到根治房颤的目的。
\n6.室性早搏 主要用于临床症状明显的单源性的频发室性早搏。室性早搏多数是由于位于一侧心室流出道的单个“兴奋灶”引起。当标测到异位兴奋灶即刻进行射频消融术，如果室性早搏消失说明消融成功。
\n7.特发性室性心动过速 多见于心脏结构和功能正常的人群，并没有器质性心脏病的证据。该疾病的发生是由在心脏右或左心室流出道及左心室间隔上的一个“兴奋灶”快速发放微小电流，形成室性心动过速。射频消融术时找到“兴奋灶”所在地，把它消灭掉，室速就不能再发作了。
\n8.束支折返性室性心动过速 在临床上多发于有器质性心脏病的患者。病人在发作之时，多伴有晕厥、抽搐的症状，必须进行紧急抢救。该类型的心动过速多是因为微小电流在左、右束支及左、右心室之间转圈。导管电极在找到右束支以后，发放电流把它阻断，从而阻断该环路，实现心动过速不再发生的目的。导管射频消融术可以根治这一心动过速，但不能根治心脏病。如果消融不成功或室速有生命危险，就需要植入埋藏式除颤器 。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1906,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1501897385664,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1501897385664,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5487","isDel":0,"createAt":1501894339412,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程","content":"
许多患者朋友在听到需要做射频消融术进行治疗的时候就蒙了，对什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程，射频消融术都治疗哪些疾病没有一点概念，相信您看完本篇文章会有非常大的收获！
\n![\"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501894725232.JPG\" "\\"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程\\"")
什么是射频消融术
\n射频消融术是利用电极导管在心腔内某一部位释放射频电流，从而将导致局部心内膜及心内膜下心肌达到凝固性坏死，以此实现将破坏某些快速心律失常起源点的介入性技术。
\n![\"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501895278510.jpg\" "\\"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程\\"")
射频消融术手术过程
\n射频消融术通常在局麻下进行，将3～4根电极导管经股静脉、锁骨下静脉送入冠状静脉窦、高位右心房及希氏束、右心室等部位，刺激心房和心室诱发与临床一致的心动过速，定位心动过速起源点，在准确定位后，将消融用的电极导管送到提前预定好的起源点，并与体外的射频发生器相连。然后进行放电，在治疗后后重复进行电生理检查，如果不能诱发心动过速并且在临床随访中没有再次发作，说明消融成功。
\n![\"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1501894944875.jpg\" "\\"什么是射频消融术，射频消融术是什么样的流程\\"")
射频消融术可以治疗的疾病
\n预激综合征和房室结双经路引起的阵发性室上性心动过速、房扑和房颤、室性心动过速及房性心动过速。其中射频消融术在治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的治疗有效率可达90％以上，室性心动过速的治愈率约在50％左右。对于房性心动过速、房扑及房颤这类疾病，射频消融术目前仍处于临床试验阶段。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2044,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1501894339414,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1501894339414,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5445","isDel":0,"createAt":1500823119771,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"房颤如何治疗—心脏房颤射频消融术是个不错的选择","content":"
房颤射频消融术是利用电极导管在心腔内某一部位释放射频电流而导致局部心内膜及心内膜下心肌的凝固性坏死，从而破坏某些快速心律失常起源点的介入性技术。
\n![\"房颤如何治疗—心脏房颤射频消融术是个不错的选择\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500823326576.jpg\" "\\"房颤如何治疗—心脏房颤射频消融术是个不错的选择\\"")
房颤射频消融术技术特点
\n房颤射频消融术治疗，是通过血管穿刺，将电极导管送到心脏腔内特定部位，寻找心脏的异常传导路径，或者异位起搏点的位置，精细标测后放电消融。如果一天中早搏次数大于1万，病变的位置又便于导管操作时，可以选择射频消融治疗。
\n心律失常可能会持续存在很长时间，例如早搏，多数会存在七八年，甚至十余年，预激综合征将终生存在。严重的心律失常发作时，患者活动受限、生活质量差，如果反复发作，长时间以后会造成心脏扩大、心功能下降，应该尽早治疗。
\n![\"房颤如何治疗—心脏房颤射频消融术是个不错的选择\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500824004898.jpg\" "\\"房颤如何治疗—心脏房颤射频消融术是个不错的选择\\"")
有些心律失常，如早搏，药物不能缩短病程，只是缓解症状。况且药物是有毒性的，如果一直用药，患者得不偿失。只有当心律失常影响到患者的生活质量、身体状况时，在用药治疗，在合适的情况下也可采用射频消融治疗。
\n房颤射频消融术的适应症
\n1.房室折返型心动过速 即显性和隐匿性预激综合征。房室间存在着先天性的“旁路”，导管射频把旁路“切断”，心动过速或预激波就永远不再发生了。
\n2.房室结折返型心动过速 房室结形成所谓“双径路”，这样小电流在适宜条件下，会在两条径路形成的折返环中快速运行，引起心动过速。导管射频把慢径消掉，只保留快径，这种心动过速就不会再犯。
\n3.心房扑动 心房扑动是在心房里有一个大的环路(主要是右心房)，微小电流在此环路上不停地转圈，心房可跳至300次/分，而心室一般在150次/分。导管射频可以破坏右房狭部造成环路的双向电流阻滞，从而根治房扑。
\n![\"房颤如何治疗—心脏房颤射频消融术是个不错的选择\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500823287975.jpg\" "\\"房颤如何治疗—心脏房颤射频消融术是个不错的选择\\"")
4.房性心动过速(房速) 房速是由于在左心房或右心房的某一局部有异常快速发放电流的“兴奋点”或者在心房内有小的折返运动。经电生理检查标测到异位“兴奋点”，或折返环的部位，进行消融就可得到根治。
\n5.心房颤动(房颤) 房颤是一种十分常见的心律失常。最新研究结果表明，房颤的触发是因为与心房相连的大静脉上的“心肌袖”发放快速电冲动；另外，房颤持续与心房肌自身重构也有关。采用导管电极在环肺静脉口消融，形成大静脉与心房的“电隔离”，或加上在心房内的某些线形消融，可以根治房颤。
\n6.室性早搏 主要用于临床症状明显的单源性的频发室早。室早消失说明消融成功。
\n7.特发性室性心动过速常见于心脏结构和功能正常的人群，没有器质性心脏病的证据。但心动过速犯得太频可引起心动过速性心肌病。其发生是由在心脏右或左心室流出道及左心室间隔上的一个“兴奋灶”快速发放微小电流，形成室性心动过速。导管射频可找到“兴奋灶”所在地，把它消灭掉，室速就不能再发作了。
\n8.束支折返性室性心动过速 见于有器质性心脏病的患者。病人发作时常发生晕厥、抽搐，需紧急抢救。此种心动过速是微小电流在左、右束支及左、右心室之间转圈。导管电极找到右束支时，发放电流把它阻断，这个环路就断了，心动过速就不会发生了。导管射频消融可以根治这一心动过速，但不能根治心脏病。消融不成功或室速有生命危险时，需植入埋藏式除颤器 。
\n\n
","barId":"2586","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1764,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500823119773,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500823119773,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5444","isDel":0,"createAt":1500820244080,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"几句话让你明白心电图怎么做，心电图是检查什么的","content":"
不管医院大小，心电图检查基本都有开展，很普通的检查，对老百姓来讲却有些陌生，比如心电图怎么做，心电图是检查什么的等等问题。相信你看完本文会有所收获。
\n心电图是检查什么的,有什么意义及应用：
\n心电图是反映心脏兴奋的电活动过程。心电图可以分析与鉴别各种心律失常；也可以反映心肌受损的程度和发展过程和心房、心室的功能结构情况。在指导心脏手术进行及指示必要的药物处理上有参考价值。然而，心电图并非检查心脏功能状态必不可少的指标。因为有时貌似正常的心电图不一定证明心功能正常；相反，心肌的损伤和功能的缺陷并不总能显示出心电图的任何变化。因此心电图的检查必须结合多种指标和临床资料，进行全面综合分析，才能对心脏的功能结构做出正确的判断。
\n心电图怎么做
\n动物机体组织和体液都能导电，将心电描记器的记录电极放在体表的任何两个非等电部位，都可记录出心电变化的图象，这种测量方法叫做双极导联，所测的电位变化是体表被测两点的电位变化的代数和，分析波形较为复杂。如果设法使两个测量电极之一，通常是和描记器负端相连的极，其电位始终保持零电位，就成为所谓的“无关电极”，而另一个测量电极则放在体表某一测量点,作为“探查电极”,这种测量方法叫做单极导联。由于无关电极经常保持零电位不变，故所测得的电位变化就只表示探查电极所在部位的电位变化，因而对波形的解释较为单纯 目前在临床检查心电图时,单极和双极导联都在使用。常规使用的心电图导联方法有12种。
\n用标准导联引出的心电图各波，由荷兰生理学家W.艾因特霍芬命名P，Q，R，S，T波， U波是以后发现命名的。
\nP波
\n心脏的兴奋发源于窦房结,最先传至心房，故心电图各波中最先出现的是代表左右两心房兴奋过程的P波。P波的宽度一般不超过0.11秒，电压（高度）不超过0.25毫伏。
\nP-R段
\n是从P波终点到QRS波起点之间的曲线,通常与基线同一水平。 P-R段由电活动经房室交界传向心室所产生的电位变化极弱，在体表难于记录出。
\nP-R间期
\n是从P波起点到QRS波群起点的时间距离，代表心房开始兴奋到心室开始兴奋所需的时间，一般成人约为0.12～0.20秒，小儿稍短。超过0.21秒为房室传导时间延长。
\nQRS复合波
\n代表两个心室兴奋传播过程的电位变化。典型的QRS复合波包括三个相连的波动。第一个向下的波为Q波，继Q波后一个狭高向上的波为R波,与R波相连接的又一个向下的波为S波。由于这三个波紧密相连且总时间不超过0.10秒,故合称QRS复合波。QRS复合波所占时间代表心室肌兴奋传播所需时间,正常人在0.06～0.10秒之间。
\nST段
\n由QRS波群结束到T波开始的平线，反映心室各部均在兴奋而各部处于去极化状态，故无电位差。正常时接近于等电位线，向下偏移不应超过0.05毫伏，向上偏移在肢体导联不超过0.1毫伏,任何正常心前导联中,ST段下降不应低于0.05毫伏。偏高或降低超出上述范围，便属异常心电图。
\nT波
\n是继QRS波群后的一个波幅较低而波宽较长的电波，反映心室兴奋后再极化过程。再极化过程同心肌代谢有关，因而较去极化过程缓慢，占时较长。T波与S-T段同样具有重要的诊断意义。
\nV波
\n在T波后0.02～0.04秒出现宽而低的波，波高多在0.05毫伏以下，波宽约0.20秒。一般认为可能由心舒张时各部产生的负后电位形成，也有人认为是浦肯野氏纤维再极化的结果。血钾不足，甲状腺功能亢进和强心药洋地黄等都会使V波加大。
\n","barId":"2586","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1786,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500820244082,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500820244082,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5443","isDel":0,"createAt":1500811878567,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"运动平板心电图（运动负荷试验）检查的意义与诊断标准","content":"
运动平板心电图试验是心电图负荷试验中最常用的一种检查方法，也称作运动负荷试验，是诊断冠心病最常用的一种手段。许多冠心病患者，尽管冠状动脉扩张的最大储备能力已下降，通常静息时冠状动脉血流量尚可维持正常，而无心肌缺血现象，心电图可以完全正常。为揭示已减少或相对固定的冠状动脉血流量，可通过运动或其它方法给心脏以负荷，增加心肌耗氧量，以此来诱发心肌缺血，从而对心肌缺血作出诊断。在临床中多采用运动平板试验。优点是患者在运动中就可以观察到心电图的变化，运动量可按预计目标逐步增加。在临床中对缺血性心脏病的价值如下：
\n1、协助确诊冠心病，并对无症状者筛选有无隐性冠心病。
\n2、估计冠状动脉狭窄的严重程度，筛选高危病人以便进行手术治疗。
\n3、测定冠心病病人心脏功能和运动耐量，以便客观地安排病人的活动范围和劳动强度，为康复锻炼提供可靠的依据。
\n4、观察并评价冠心病患者治疗(药物或手术)的效果。
\n![\"运动平板心电图（运动负荷试验）检查的意义与诊断标准\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500812762929.jpg\" "\\"运动平板心电图（运动负荷试验）检查的意义与诊断标准\\"")
目前国内外常用的是以达到按年龄预计可达到的最大心率（HRmax）或亚极量心率（85%-90%的最大心率）为负荷目标，前者称为极量运动试验，后者称为亚极量运动试验。运动中持续监测心电改变，运动前、运动中每当运动负荷量增加一次均记录心电图，运动终止后即刻及此后每2分钟均应重复心电图记录直至心率恢复至运动前水平。进行心电图记录时也需要同步测量血压。
\n运动平板心电图试验的判定标准：
\n阳性标准：运动中出现典型心绞痛，心电图改变主要以ST段水平型或下楔形压低大于等于0.1mV（J点后60-80ms）持续2分钟为运动试验阳性标准。
\n值得注意的是：平板运动试验要求患者慢跑数分钟，对于下肢关节活动不便的老年患者而言，并不适合做此项检查。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":3543,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500811878569,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500811878569,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5442","isDel":0,"createAt":1500810904535,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"几句话告诉你：经食道超声心动图检查什么，经食道超声心动图禁忌症又有哪些","content":"
经食道超声心动图的适应症
\n各种心血管疾病经胸超声心动图检查图像不清晰、深部结构不易观察而诊断不明确者均可进行食道超声心动图检查，该项检查的主要适应症包括以下几方面：
\n1. 二尖瓣、三尖瓣与主动脉瓣疾病。
\n2. 人工瓣膜机能障碍。
\n3. 感染性心内膜炎。
\n4. 主动脉扩张及主动脉夹层。
\n5. 冠状动脉-静脉瘘与Valsalva窦膨出。
\n6. 先天性心脏病如房、室间隔缺损、Fallot四联症或右室流出道及肺动脉干狭窄。
\n7. 心脏内肿物及血栓形成。
\n8. 心脏手术监护。
\n![\"几句话告诉你：经食道超声心动图检查什么，经食道超声心动图禁忌症又有哪些\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500811216377.jpg\" "\\"几句话告诉你：经食道超声心动图检查什么，经食道超声心动图禁忌症又有哪些\\"")
经食道超声心动图禁忌症：
\n1. 严重心律失常。
\n2. 严重心功能衰竭。
\n3. 体质极度虚弱。
\n4. 持续高热不退。
\n5. 食管静脉曲张、食管狭窄或炎症者。
\n6. 剧烈胸痛、胸闷或咳嗽不能缓解者。
\n7. 血压过高或过低者。
\n8. 急性心肌梗死期。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2085,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500810904537,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500810904537,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5441","isDel":0,"createAt":1500810668639,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"专家告诉你心脏彩超能检查出什么以及心脏彩超正常值","content":"
心脏彩超是唯一能动态显示心腔内结构、心脏的搏动和血液流动的仪器，对人体没有任何损伤。心脏彩超探头就像摄像机的镜头，随着探头的转动，心脏的各个结构清晰地显示在屏幕上。比如先天性心脏病，其总数不下于100种的畸形都能用心脏彩超显示出来。我们能在屏幕上看到残留的孔洞以及通过该孔的血流；能看到瓣膜的增厚、开口减小及通过该瓣口的高速血流；能看到心脏结构左、右及前、后位置上的变化，以及由此造成的血流路径的改变；能看到异常位置的心脏伴发的各种畸形。
\n心脏彩超能检查出什么？看看你是不是属于下面七点之一
\n1、判断心脏的位置以及心脏与内脏的位置关系。
\n2、检出心脏结构异常。判断心脏各房室腔大小，室间隔和室壁厚度，室壁整体运动和节段性运动，瓣膜功能，间隔缺损的部位和大小、流出道、大动脉、体（肺）静脉，心肌病变、心内异常结构如肿瘤、赘生物和血栓以及四周血管病变等。
\n3、检出心脏结构关系的异常。判断心房排列关系、心房与心室、心室与动脉的连接关系、体静脉回流、肺静脉回流以及冠状动脉发育和起源异常。
\n4、评价心脏血流动力学变化，多普勒常规测量各瓣口流速和压差，判断心血管内异常血流部位和起源，定量或半定量分流、流出道狭窄、瓣膜狭窄和反流等异常血流的流速、压差及流量等。
\n5、检出心包疾患。定位和半定量评价心包积液，指导心包积液穿刺，评价药物疗效。判断缩窄性心包 炎、心包填塞和心包肿瘤等。
\n6、评价心脏手术及介入治疗后心脏结构的恢复情况和血流动力学的转归。
\n7、评价心脏功能。常规应用二维和（或）M型超声测定心脏收缩功能，也可用多普勒超声评价心脏的收缩和舒张功能；心包肿瘤 。
\n心脏彩超各项指标正常值，您可一一相对，也可以找专家咨询检查结果。
\n内径(mm)部位名称厚度（mm）
\n左房LA〈35室间隔IVS<12
\n左室LV〈55左室后壁LVPW<12
\n升主动脉AO〈35右室壁<3-4
\n主肺动脉PA〈30左室壁<9-12
\n右房RA〈40×35右室<25
\n左室流出道18-40右室流出道18-35
\n部位分度瓣口面积(cm2)
\n二尖瓣狭窄最轻：≤2.5轻度：2.0-2.4
\n轻-中度：1.5-1.9中度：1.0-1.4
\n重度：0.6-1.0最重度：<0.5
\n主动脉瓣狭窄轻度：1.6-1.1压差：20-50mmHg
\n中度：1.0-0.75压差：20-50mmHg
\n重度：<0.75压差：50-150mmHg
\n肺动脉高压正常：15-30mmHg
\n轻度：30-50mmHg
\n中度：50-70mmHg
\n重度：>70mmHg
\n左室功能（LVEF）
\n正常：>50％
\n轻度降低：40％-50％
\n中度降低：30％-40％重度降低：<30％
\n左室充盈功能
\n左室等容舒张时间：（IVRT）<40岁69±12ms>40岁76±13ms
\nE波减速时间：（EDT）199±32ms
\nA峰E峰流速比值：E／A>1
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1767,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500810668641,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500810668641,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5440","isDel":0,"createAt":1500809934980,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"心脏起搏器适用人群及植入过程","content":"
心脏起搏器适用以下人群：
\n严重的心跳过慢。心脏停跳3秒以上或心率经常低于40次，如果出现眼前发黑、突然晕倒的患者更应引起重视，应该植入起搏器。这也是起搏器最主要和最初的治疗范畴。
\n![\"心脏起搏器适用人群及植入过程\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1500810044006.JPEG\" "\\"心脏起搏器适用人群及植入过程\\"")
心脏收缩无力。疾病若破坏了心肌，或改变了其原有形态，会导致心肌无法有力收缩。心脏收缩功能下降就会引起心脏泵血不足，身体各部分无法获得充足的新鲜血液，造成头晕、胸闷、乏力等各种症状。如药物治疗无效的充血性心力衰竭、严重肥厚性梗阻型心肌病，可以在心脏各部分安装多个起搏器，同步产生多个电刺激命令，帮助心肌收缩。
\n心跳骤停。心脏停止跳动数分钟就能致死，一些疾病可引发心跳骤停或致命性恶性室性心律失常（如快速室性心动过速、心室颤动），可以安装具有除颤器功能的起搏器，能恢复心脏有规律的跳动。
\n在某些心脏病综合治疗中（颈动脉窦高敏综合征、血管迷走性晕厥、特发性Q—T延长综合征、预防快速房性心律失常等），起搏器还是不可或缺或唯一的治疗手段。
\n心脏起搏器安装过程：
\n起搏器安装手术非常简单，已经常规化。心脏起搏器的安装由心内科医生进行，局麻下即可安装。方法是，将电极导线从手臂或锁骨下方的静脉插入，借助X线，将其插入预定的心腔起搏位置，固定并检测是否正常工作。在胸部埋入与电极导线相连接的起搏器，缝合皮肤，手术即可完成。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1581,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1500809934986,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1500809934986,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5120","isDel":0,"createAt":1497605820050,"createBy":"d618c1d4097a11e7a61c00163e04584d","createName":"乐哈哈哈","updateAt":1497606564987,"updateBy":"d618c1d4097a11e7a61c00163e04584d","updateName":"乐哈哈哈","userId":"d618c1d4097a11e7a61c00163e04584d","title":"血管决定生老病死 有网友表示生死由命，富贵在天，您怎么看","content":"
【血管决定生老病死】 血管老，人就老。人体就像一棵大树，血管如同根系，它们保持年轻，人才能永葆活力。拥有健康血管是身体健康的基础，但大部分人在这方面却做得不够好，结果诱发动脉硬化、心肌梗死……生命君采访专家，为你制订一份养护血管计划，快存下备
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![\"血管决定生老病死\"](\"https://wx3.sinaimg.cn/large/006r20Ynly1fgn6dqbalqj30c12z97jt.jpg\")
医学小知识：
\n动脉硬化是动脉的一种非炎症性病变，可使动脉管壁增厚、变硬，失去弹性、管腔狭窄。动脉硬化是随着年龄增长而出现的血管疾病，其规律通常是在青少年时期发生，至中老年时期加重、发病。男性较女性多，近年来本病在我国逐渐增多，成为老年人死亡主要原因之一。
\n![\"动脉硬化血管示意图\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1497606756911.jpg\" "\\"动脉硬化血管示意图\\"")
相关病因:
\n1.主要原因
\n高血压、高脂血症、抽烟。其他诸如肥胖、糖尿病、运动不足、紧张状态、高龄、家族病史、脾气暴躁等都会引起动脉硬化。
\n2.营养成因
\n（1）大量摄入油腻性食物和富含胆固醇的食物，是动脉硬化发生的主要原因。
\n（2）如果平时喜欢吃肥腻食物而又不注意其他矿物质的摄取，就会使过多油脂沉积于血管壁上，诱发动脉硬化和其他心脏血管病变。
\n临床表现：
\n早期多数患者几乎都没有任何临床症状，都处在隐匿状态下潜伏发展。中期患者，大多数患者都或多或少有心悸、胸痛、胸闷、头痛、头晕、四肢凉麻、四肢酸懒、跛行、视力降低、记忆力下降、失眠多梦等临床症状
\n预防：
\n参照上图
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1414,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1497605820052,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1497605820052,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"d618c1d4097a11e7a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1489580884064,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"乐哈哈哈","password":"888888","level":0,"nickName":"乐哈哈","realName":null,"signName":"给对方","head":"/resources/images/qq/3.png","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4956","isDel":0,"createAt":1496895541940,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":" 脸上长这个当心是高血脂 血脂异常患者的预警雷达","content":"
血脂异常患者的预警雷达：脸上长这个当心是高血脂，那么什么是血脂异常呢？
\n\n
![\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496895770716.jpg\" "\\"")
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血脂异常是一类较常见的疾病，是人体内脂蛋白的代谢异常，主要包括总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯升高和/或高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低等。血脂异常是导致动脉粥样硬化的重要因素之一，是冠心病和缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。在我国血脂异常的发生率高，还有逐渐上升的趋势，这与我国人民的生活水平明显提高、饮食习惯发生改变等原因有密切关系。
\n我国血脂异常患者已达2.2亿，诱发的心脑血管疾病，正以每年超过300万人的速度夺去人们生命。不防听听大牌专家的权威的控脂心得。
\n\n
![\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496896201259.jpg\" "\\"")
![\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496895646884.jpg\" "\\"")
![\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496896379785.jpg\" "\\"")
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关于血脂异常防控心得，且听网友如何评论：
\n气得暴毙：肥胖会导致大姨妈紊乱[二哈]别问我怎么知道的！我是刚从胖子瘦下来的
\n隐之要好好成长：太瘦也会，我身高160，最瘦的时候78斤，姨妈直接停半年，后来使劲吃涨到90斤才终于又正常了，所以不管胖瘦，健康最重要
\n_陈炫云：我不知道我算不算肥胖，可是我大姨妈就很混乱，每次都只来一点点，吃了三个月药也还这样，都不知道怎么办了
\n水中鱼儿14477：减肥可以避免很多疾病。
\nMyLittleTeemo：黑眼珠周边有灰白边这个我就有，好几年了，刚开始还以为是什么病，不过看看别人眼睛也有灰白边就以为是人人都有的就没有在意了，所以灰白边会对眼睛有什么危害吗？
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1747,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1496895541942,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1496895541942,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2172","isDel":0,"createAt":1486652350210,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭怎么回事","content":"
每个婴儿出生时均有一个动脉导管，这是位于两个主要血管肺动脉和主动脉之间的通道。肺动脉内流着蓝色的静脉血由心脏的右侧流向肺脏。在肺内静脉血摄取氧气成为含氧的红色的动脉血。主动脉携带红色的含氧的动脉血运行到身体的其他部分。
\n动脉导管在胎儿期间是血液运行的正常通道，出生后不再需要而在几天内逐渐闭合。如果动脉导管未能闭合，就是动脉导管未闭，常见于早产儿，而在足月新生儿中少见。对于大多数患儿，动脉导管未闭的原因不明。
\n正常情况下，左侧心脏只泵血到主动脉，而右侧心脏只泵血刀肺动脉。动脉导管未闭时，部分血液由主动脉流入肺动脉。当动脉导管较粗时，分流的血液需要心脏加倍作功并导致肺充血。
\n当动脉导管较细时，可能没有明显的临床症状，而只能听到明显的杂音。但当动脉导管较粗时，患儿可能呼吸急促，婴儿可能难以喂养并发育迟缓。症状可能在出生后几周才出现。由于肺血增多而引起肺动脉压力增高，久而久之肺血管发生器质性改变。
\n对于较细的动脉导管，一般不需要治疗，通常会在出生后几个月内自行闭合。对于较粗的动脉导管，可以通过介入治疗进行封堵或通过手术进行结扎治疗。对于早产儿，可以通过药物促进动脉导管闭合，如果几周后还没有闭合，可以通过外科手术结扎。
\n对于较细的动脉导管或已经封堵或手术后的患儿，可以完全正常地参加日常活动，远期预后良好。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1077,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486652350212,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486652350210,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4597","isDel":0,"createAt":1486652198232,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"哪些是动脉粥样硬化的发病病理","content":"
对于现在社会当中有很多的疾病，我们也不知道该怎么去做，对于一些预防措施我们该怎样去做到位呢？那么我们就一定要了解她的一些病例，对于动脉粥样硬化这种疾病它的一些症状以及病理我们是否了解呢？下面让我们跟着专家一起来了解一下，动脉粥样硬化等一些病理吧！
\n动脉粥样硬化的病理是什么
\n一、吸烟吸烟者血中碳氧血红蛋白浓度可达10-20%，动脉壁内氧合不足，内膜下层脂肪酸合成增多，前列环素开释减少，血小板易在动脉壁粘附聚集。此外，吸烟还可使血中度脂蛋白的原蛋白量降低，血清胆固醇含量增高，以致易患动脉粥样硬化。此外，吸烟时烟雾中所含尼古丁可直接作用于心脏和冠状动脉导致动脉痉挛和心肌受损。
\n二、高血脂症临床资料表明，动脉粥样硬化通常于高胆固醇血症。实验动物给予高胆固醇饲料能够导致动脉粥样硬化。近年的研究发现低密度脂蛋白与极密度脂蛋白的增高和度脂蛋白的降低与动脉粥样硬化有关。血中甘油(油食物)三酯的增高与动脉粥样硬化的发生也有一定联系。新近的研究发现脂蛋白a〔Lp(a)〕与动脉粥样硬化的发生有密切联系。
\n三、高血压(血压食物)临床及尸检资料均表明，高血压病人动脉粥样硬化发作率分明增高。此可能由于高血压时，动脉壁承受非凡高的压力(压力食物)，内膜层和内皮细胞层损伤，低密度脂蛋白易于进入动脉壁，并刺激平滑肌细胞增生，引发动脉粥样硬化。
\n四、糖尿病(糖尿病食物)糖尿病者多伴有高甘油三酯血症或高胆固醇血症，如再伴有高血压，则动脉粥样硬化的发作率分明增高。糖尿病者还常有血第Ⅷ因子增高及血小板活动性增强。第Ⅷ因子由动脉壁内的细胞产生，该因子的增高表达内膜的病变，血小板活动增加使其易在动脉壁上集聚，加速动脉粥样硬化血栓产生和导致动脉管腔的闭塞。近年来的研究以为胰岛素抵抗与动脉粥样硬化的发生有密切联系，Ⅱ型糖尿病病人常有胰岛素抵抗及高胰岛素血症伴发冠心病。
\n五、肥胖也是动脉粥样硬化的易患起因。肥胖可引发血浆甘油三酯及胆固醇水平的增高，肥胖者也常伴发高血压或糖尿病，近年研究以为肥胖者常有胰岛素抵抗，因而动脉粥样硬化的发作率分明增高。
\n","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1170,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486652198234,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486652198232,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3365","isDel":0,"createAt":1486652059296,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"不爱运动患冠心病几率加倍 如何尽发现冠心病","content":"
在医学上专家面对一个个疾病患者询问的问题，这种疾病是怎样的引起的，他们的回家出乎大家的意料，冠心病的病因至今尚未完全清楚。是的，在医学上冠心病却是没有一定的引发原因，但是在生活中却有一些导致疾病的主要原因，下面了解一下冠心病的病因是什么？
\n不爱运动患冠心病几率翻倍
\n1、遗传因素导致了很多人都逃不掉疾病的追逐。生活中人们久坐生活方式，不爱运动的人冠心病的发生和死亡危险性将翻一倍。肥胖症：已明确为冠心病的首要危险因素，可增加冠心病死亡率。肥胖被定义为体重指数（BMI=体重（kg）/身高平方（m2））在男性>=27.8，女性>=27.3.BMI与TC，TG增高，HDL-C下降呈正相关。糖尿病：冠心病是未成年糖尿病患者首要的死因，冠心病占糖尿病病人所有死亡原因和住院率的近80%。
\n2、大量的吸烟使人们出现严重的疾病症状：吸烟是疾病的重要危险因素，是唯一最可避免的死亡原因。冠心病与吸烟之间存在着明显的用量-反应关系。高血压：高血压与冠状动脉粥样硬化的形成和发展关系密切。收缩期血压比舒张期血压更能预测冠心病事件。140-149mmhg的收缩期血压比90-94mmhg的舒张期血压更能增加冠心病死亡的危险。
\n如何尽早发现冠心病
\n出现以下情况，要及时就医，尽早发现冠心病：
\n1）劳累、体力活动、精神紧张、寒冷及进食过饱时出现胸骨后或心前区闷痛，或紧缩样疼痛，向左肩、左上臂放射，持续3到5分钟，休息后自行缓解者；
\n2）反复出现脏脉搏不齐，心跳过速或过缓者；
\n3）阵发性胸闷憋气，心悸、呼吸困难；
\n4）用力排便、紧张或性生活出现心慌、胸闷、气急或胸痛不适者。
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现在的人们抽烟的特别的多，不管是男生还是女生都开始走上了吸烟的道路了，吸烟有害于健康，这是很多人都熟知的一个常识，对于长期过度吸烟的人来说呢，也会预示着身体的一些疾病的，比如心力衰竭就是一种非常危险的疾病，和过度吸烟有一定的关系的。
\n有数据发现，我国每年的烟民量都在递增，现在，我国已经成为了吸烟大国。吸烟是一件有百害而无一利的事，从健康的角度分析，抽烟会带来很多健康威胁，心力衰竭就是其中之一。下文介绍了一个真实案例，讲的就是因为过度抽烟得心力衰竭的事件，让我们一起来了解下。
\n过度抽烟的危害性
\n前日，一位大二学生小陈因为呼吸困难被同学紧急送到医院急诊。急诊重症抢救室随即对其进行了急救，小陈被初步诊断为“心力衰竭”，经心脏科仔细检查最终确诊为“扩张型心肌病”。年轻的大学生为何会生出老年人常出现的“心力衰竭”呢?
\n据小陈介绍，大约两个月前，他发现自己做一些简短的运动就会气喘。一段时间后，情况越来越差，走几十米路就会喘得厉害，胃口也不好，看到油腻的食物就觉得恶心、呕吐，晚上睡觉不能平卧，下肢出现水肿。
\n转入心血管内科仔细检查后，医生发现小陈的心率偏快，血压较低，肝淤血，有黄疸，心脏扩大等，最终被确诊为“扩张型心肌病”。经医生与他谈话得知，原来上了大学后的小陈生活非常不规律，常常彻夜玩电脑游戏，饮食也不规则，甚至在同学的带领下开始吸烟，并且越抽越厉害。正是这种长期不良的生活习惯和过度抽烟诱发了心力衰竭。
\n心力衰竭，简称心衰，是所有心脏病的最后主要转归之一。心衰分为左心衰和右心衰。左心衰一般会出现进行性呼吸困难，严重时夜间呼吸困难，不能平卧，甚至出现端坐呼吸困难，更严重的会出现咯血及咯粉红色泡沫样痰。右心衰时会出现低垂的部位水肿、大量腹水，胃肠道消化不良，严重的会肝淤血，肝功能下降，晚期可能发生心源性肝硬化。心衰的早期症状并不明显，容易与肠胃疾病、肺部疾病等相混淆，一般病人出现明显症状到医院时已经是晚期了。
\n通过上文的案例可知，过度抽烟是非常危险的事，它是导致心力衰竭的诱因之一。我们知道心力衰竭是会致命的，因此，为了你的健康着想，还是应该及早戒烟为好。对老烟民来说，马上戒烟可能不现实，那就最起码不要做到过度抽烟，要有一个戒烟计划，一点一点的摆脱香烟伤害。
\n大家也知道了如果一个人长期的过度吸烟的话，对于自身的生命威胁也是很严重的，甚至也会容易诱发严重的心力衰竭的，如果一个人出现了这样的严重的心力衰竭的时候呢，一定要小心了，日常要做好禁烟的准备。
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患高血压的患者，不仅需要医生的合理建议，自己也要学会自我管理。自我管理可在一定程度上降低血压，帮助最大程度地发挥药物疗效，降低心脑血管疾病发病风险。
\n高血压患者自我管理有6要素：按时服药、调整饮食、适量运动、戒烟限酒、定期测量血压、保持心情愉快。
\n一、按时服药要求做到遵医嘱服药，按时、按剂量服药，并长期坚持，避免频繁换药或停药。
\n二、合理膳食1、限制钠盐摄入高血压膳食疗法最主要的关键点是减盐。研究表明，严格限盐可有效降低血压；盐摄入量下降后血压也随之下降，脑卒中、冠心病的发病率也随之下降。
\n中国营养学会推荐健康成人每人每日钠盐摄入量不超过6 g（约1啤酒瓶盖的量），高血压患者不超过3 g。
\n日常生活中，可以从这几点方面着手：食物烹熟后再加盐，尽量少吃或不吃咸菜、咸鱼、咸鸭蛋、豆腐乳等高盐食品，少吃酱油等均有助于减少钠盐的摄入。2、限制总热量——尤其是控制油脂的类型和摄入量
\n油脂分为饱和脂肪和不饱和脂肪，其中，饱和脂肪酸是有害的。
\n1）减少动物油和胆固醇的摄入。少吃或不吃肥肉和动物内脏、蛋黄、鱿鱼等。
\n2）减少凡是脂肪酸摄入，如西式糕点、速食食品等。
\n3）每日烹调油用量小于25g，油温不宜太高。3、营养均衡1）适当补充蛋白质，如牛奶、鱼类、鸡蛋清、瘦肉、豆制品。
\n2）粗细搭配：一周吃2～3次粗粮，定期吃一些小米、玉米面、红薯等。
\n3）适当增加新鲜蔬菜和水果：每天吃8两至1斤新鲜蔬菜，1-2个水果。伴有糖尿病的高血压患者应选低糖型或中等含糖的水果。
\n三、适量运动1、原则有恒：经常地、规律地运动。
\n有序：循序渐进。
\n有度：根据自身年龄和体质适度运动。2、运动方式如步行、跑步、走楼梯、骑自行车、游泳、打太极拳、家务劳动、园艺等。3、注意事项每周锻炼3～5次，每次30分钟以上，中等强度运动时的适宜心率=170-年龄。提倡进行有氧运动，高血压患者最适宜的运动时每日散步1小时。
\n四、戒烟限酒1、限酒有研究显示，每日饮酒量在2～90g时，血压随着饮酒量的增加而升高，限制酒的摄入量后可使收缩压降低2～4 mmHg，戒酒后，除血压下降外，患者对药物治疗的效果也大为改观。
\n因此，建议高血压患者最好不要饮酒。或男性每日酒精量不宜超过25g，即葡萄酒。
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