{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1875","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1875","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"","keywords":"心血管内科","title":"心血管内科","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"5883","isDel":0,"createAt":1507859166444,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1517305188054,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"心血管系统--常见的心血管疾病种类、症状、病因及预防措施","content":"


心血管疾病是我们现如今社会比较常见的疾病之一，它可以分为很多中类型，比较常听说的就是心肌梗塞，在本文中，找良医网为大家介绍的就是心血管疾病的种类，症状，发病原因，一起来了解一下吧：

\"心血管系统--常见的心血管疾病种类、症状、病因及预防措施\" 


1、常见心血管疾病的种类、症状。

常见的有冠状动脉粥样硬化，心肌缺血，心胶疼，心肌梗塞等；冠脉硬化没有什麽典型的临床表现，心肌缺血主要有心慌，胸闷。心胶疼主要是心前区疼痛，应与胃疼区分，临床基层很容易误诊。心梗主要有心前区剧烈疼痛，呼吸困难，易造成不可逆转性损伤。这些疾病都是由高血压，高血脂，高胆固醇引起，也有因老年人血管弹性降低引起。

 

2、哪个年龄段的心血管疾病发病率高？

心血管疾病高发于50岁以后的中老年人，主要与各个脏器老化有关，但近年发现本类疾病开始年轻化

 

3、心血管疾病有哪些危害？

高血压，高血脂，高胆固醇是引起心血管疾病的主要原因，如不得到及时治疗会逐渐加重，直到心衰，最后引起心脏呼吸停止；

 

4、近年来，我国心血管疾病发病率呈逐年上升趋势，主要原因是什么。

近年因我国居民生活水平逐渐提高，高脂、高胆固醇饮食习惯，喝酒，吸烟不良嗜好导致这类疾病年轻化，多元化增加而致本类疾病增多；

 

5、酗酒，吸烟对心血管疾病的影响有哪些？

喝酒过多会致肝脏代谢机能明显降低，而引起心血管代谢产物排除减慢；吸烟主要伤肺部，肺部是人体吸收氧气的主要途径，靠肺部才能与人体进行氧气于二氧化碳的气体交换，烟中的尼古丁，烟油会粘于肺泡上，影响气体交换致人体缺氧。

 

找良医网温馨提示：生命在于运动，多活动有助于心脑血管疾病的恢复！


","barId":"2586","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1489,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1507859166446,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1507859166446,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507789271266,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"良药苦口","password":"zx13401068656","level":0,"nickName":"周良药","realName":null,"signName":"良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行！","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1516263139285.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"langlixunta@163.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5878","isDel":0,"createAt":1507793559700,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1517298849325,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"心脏病的早期症状","content":"

 心脏是人体的“发动机”，它是一个强壮且不知疲倦的工作的强力泵。如果按一个人心脏平均每分钟跳70次、寿命70岁计算的话，一个人的一生中，心脏就要跳动近26亿次。一心脏停止跳动而通过抢救不能复跳，就意味着，一个人的生命终止了。那么，怎样在早期发现心脏病呢？那就是察颜观色：心脏病除常见的心悸、心前区疼痛等人们熟知的症状外，常常还有一些体表征兆。仔细观察这些先兆症状，就能早发现，早治疗。找良医网告诉您这些体表征兆包括：

\"心脏病的早期症状\" 


1、呼吸：作了一些轻微活动时，或者处于安静状态时，出现呼吸短促现象，但不伴咳嗽，咳痰。这种情况很可能是左心功能不全的表现。

 

2、脸色：如果脸色灰白而发紫、表情淡漠，这是心脏病晚期的病危面容。如果脸色呈暗红色，这是风湿性心脏病、二尖瓣狭窄的特征。如果呈苍白色，则有可能是二尖瓣关闭不全的征象。

 

3、鼻子：如果鼻子硬梆梆的，这表明心脏脂肪累积太多。如果鼻子尖发肿，表明心脏脂肪可能也在肿大或心脏病变正在扩大。此外，红鼻子也常预示心脏有病。

 

4、皮肤：慢性心力衰竭、晚期肺源性心脏病患者的皮肤可呈深褐色或暗紫色，这与机体组织长期缺氧，肾上腺皮质功能下降有关。皮肤粘膜和肢端呈青紫色，说明心脏缺氧，血液中的还原血蛋白增多。

 

5、耳朵：心脏病人在早期都有不同程度的耳鸣表现，这是因为内耳的微细血管动力异常，病症尚未引起全身反应时，内耳就得到了先兆信号。如果你的耳垂出现一条连贯的皱褶，极有可能是冠状动脉硬化所致。

 

6、头颈：如果由锁骨上延伸到耳垂方向凸起一条表筋，如小指粗，很可能是右心功能不全。

 

7、肩膀：天气明明很好，左肩、左手臂内侧却有阵阵酸痛，这有可能是冠心病。

 

8、手脚：手指末端或趾端明显粗大，并且甲面凸起如鼓槌状，常见于慢性肺原性心脏病或先天性青紫型心脏病患者。

 

9、下肢：中老年人下肢水肿，往往是心脏功能不全导致静脉血回流受阻的表现。此外，如果时常心悸、气喘，只有蹲位才得以缓解，这是紫钳性心脏病的特有表现。

 

其实，在心脏病发作的人群中，有以下人群属于高发人群 ：

 

1．年龄大于45岁的男性、大于55岁的女性。

2．吸烟者。

3．高血压患者。

4．糖尿病患者。

5．高胆固醇血症患者。

6．有家族遗传病史者。

7．肥胖者。

8．缺乏运动或工作紧张者。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！


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   春暖花开，哮喘病友们又开始喘起来。开始打喷嚏，流鼻涕，紧接着开始胸闷 ，咳嗽，气短，嗓子眼像安了哨子似的吱吱叫，哮喘的症状仅仅这些吗，如何判断自己得了哮喘

\n

　　绝大多数的的哮喘患者都有长期性和发作性的特点，哮喘发作三次以上，对临床诊断有着非常重要的诊断意义。患者自觉症状包括以下几方面：胸闷、气急、即呼吸困难，可自行缓解或用平喘药物治疗而缓解。

\n

\"哮喘的症状有哪些,如何判断自己得了哮喘\"

\n

  每次哮喘发作前，多过敏性鼻炎为先兆，鼻咽发痒、眼痒、流清水样鼻涕，打喷嚏，伴胸闷、轻咳、有痰又不易咳出。对季节性发作患者，以过敏性鼻炎为前驱症状相当明显；紧接着出现胸闷、胸部压迫感、吸入气不够用，甚至断气。不能平卧，被迫坐起，头向前俯，两肩高耸，两手撑在膝上或桌上、呼气长吸气短，发出高调的鸣笛声，各种呼吸肌参与活动，颈胸肌运动明显，吸气时出现很深的陷凹。

\n

\"哮喘的症状有哪些,如何判断自己得了哮喘\"

\n

  随着病情进一步发展，肺泡内残余气体过多，将影响气体交换发生而导致缺氧，面色晦暗、口唇指甲发紫、四肢冰凉、心跳增快、脉搏细弱、大汗淋漓、情绪紧张。部分患者的哮喘发作可以呈现无明显的周期性，经常发作，需要常年用药，不少病人用药虽能控制，但缓解期时间很短。

\n

\"哮喘的症状有哪些,如何判断自己得了哮喘\"

\n

　　如果您有上述的症状，需要到医院进行相应的检查，包括肺功能检查、血液检查、和过敏原检查。在这些检查中，肺功能检查对哮喘病人的诊断和治疗都很重要。而过敏原的检查是要寻找过敏原和确定过敏原，还可以通过过敏原的浸出液做脱敏疗法。

\n

  找良医网提示您，如果您有上述症状，建议您及早就医。

\n

 

","barId":"2586","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2772,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1502025857603,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1502025857603,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2000","isDel":0,"createAt":1486652331934,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"动脉导管未闭的孩子有什么表现","content":"

　　动脉导管未闭的症状取决于导管的粗细、分流量的大小、肺血管阻力的高低、患者年龄以及 是否合并其他先天性心脏病。

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　　足月患婴即使导管粗大，需出生后6～8周，待肺血管阻力下降后才出现症状。早产婴儿由于肺小动脉平滑肌较少，血管阻力较早下降，故于第一周即可有症状，往往出现气促、心动过速和急性呼吸困难等，于哺乳时更为明显，且易患感冒以及上呼吸道感染、肺炎等。

\n

　　小儿期得到代偿，很少有自觉症状，只是发育欠佳，身材瘦小。有些儿童仅在劳累后易感到疲乏、心悸。

\n

　　未闭导管中等大小患者一般都无症状，直至20多岁剧烈活动后才出现气急、心悸等心功能失代偿症状。

\n

　　肺动脉高压虽然可在2岁以下出现，但明显的肺动脉高压征候大都在年龄较大才表现出头晕、气促、咯血、活动后发绀（多以下半身发绀明显）。

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　　若并发亚急性心内膜炎（心脏内膜感染），则有发热、食欲不振、出汗等全身症状。心内膜炎在儿童期很少发生，而以青年期多见。

\n

 

","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1689,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486652331936,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486652331934,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4353","isDel":0,"createAt":1486652173693,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"动脉粥样硬化发生症状是什么表现","content":"

       对动脉粥样硬化发生症状，大家得正确把握，积极认识动脉粥样硬化发生症状才能够为积极确诊和治疗提供依据，通常动脉粥样硬化发生症状有很多，如下便是专家的具体分析。

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　　动脉粥样硬化是指动脉发生了非炎症性、退行性和增生性的病变，导致管壁增厚变硬，失去弹性和管腔缩小。现代分子学技术显示动脉粥样硬化病变都具有平滑肌细胞增生，大量胶原纤维、弹性纤维和蛋白多糖等结缔组织基质形成，以及细胞内、外脂质积聚的特点。由于在动脉内膜积聚的脂质外观呈黄色粥样，因此称为动脉粥样硬化。近些年来，微血管结构的改变日益引起重视。高血压微血管病变包括血管壁细胞肥大增生，管腔变窄及血管数目减少(微血管稀少)，在早期，这种血管稀少是功能性，主要由于血管收缩而引起无灌注现象。在后期为器质性，是解剖学上微血管的数目减少。这是导致许多器官损害的第一步。这种微血管收缩，尤在末端小动脉表现更为突出。这是由于血管紧张素对血管局部和自主神经的直接影响所引起。最近研究证明，ACEI在改变微血管器质性损害中起重要作用。

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　　血液脂质含量异常，总胆固醇、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白或极低密度脂蛋白增高被认为是动脉粥样硬化的主要原因，同时高脂血症高血压是心血管事件发生的危险因素，降低胆固醇就能明显降低心血管事件的发生和死亡率，所以欲减少心血管事件(冠心病)的发生，就必须防治动脉粥样硬化，降低胆固醇水平，控制血压，预防高血压的合并症发生。

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　　对上述动脉粥样硬化发生症状大家一定要积极的把握，因为只有积极把握动脉粥样硬化发生症状，才能够因此得出准确的确诊和治疗，最后建议大家在把握了动脉粥样硬化发生症状之后，大家一定要积极的咨询相关专家的建议。

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　　心脏对我们来说的重要性是不言而喻的，所以我们应该要对一些常见的心脏病有所了解，这样能在疾病出现的时候我们及时的做一些防护措施，一提起冠心病，我们大家都知道它是一种心脏病。发病严重时，有可能会夺去我们的生命。但是只知道这些。对于冠心病的的减少还是没有任何作用的。因此关于冠心病的一些其他的知识还是需要了解一下的。下面我们来主要了解一下冠心病的发病症状。

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  冠心病的常见发病症状是什么

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　　①疼痛最先出现，多发生于清晨，疼痛部位和性质与心绞痛相同，但程度重，持续时间长，可达数小时或更长，休息或硝酸甘油不能缓解。患者常烦躁不安、出汗、恐惧，可伴濒死感，少数患者无疼痛，一开始就表现为休克或急性心衰。部分患者疼痛位于上腹部，易被误诊。

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　　②有发热、心动过速、白细胞增高和血沉增快等全身症状。发热多在疼痛发生后24～48小时后出现，体温多在38℃左右，持续约一周。

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　　③疼痛剧烈时常伴有恶心、呕吐和上腹胀痛等胃肠道，肠胀气亦不少见，重症者有呃逆。

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　　④心律失常多发生在起病1～2天，而以24小时内最多见。以室性心律失常最多尤其是室性期前收缩。室颤是冠心病早期，特别是入院前的主要死亡原因。房室和束支传导阻滞亦较多。

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　　⑤低血压和休克休克多在起病后数小时至数日内发生，主要为心源性。

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　　⑥心力衰竭主要是急性左心衰竭，可在起病最初几天发生。

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　　冠心病的早期症状

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　　早期症状一、体力活动时出现胸闷、心悸、气短，休息后自行缓解。劳累或精神紧张时出现胸骨后或心前区闷痛，或紧缩样痛，并向左肩、左上臂放射，持续3-5分钟，甚至十余分钟，休息后自行缓解。出现与运动有关的头痛、牙痛、腿痛。饱餐、寒冷或看惊险片后出现胸痛、心悸。

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　　早期症状二、夜晚低枕睡眠时，自觉胸闷憋气，需抬高枕头卧位(或坐位)方感舒适。熟睡或白天平卧时突然胸痛、心悸、呼吸困难，需立即坐起或站立才能缓解。

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　　早期症状三、听到周围的锣鼓声或其他噪声便引起心慌、胸闷。反复出现脉搏不齐，不明原因心跳过速或过缓。

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　　早期症状四、性生活用力或用力排便时出现心慌、胸闷、气急或胸痛不适。

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　　温馨提示，冠心病的症状是比较明显的，只要我们多关注一下自己的健康状态就能及时的发现此病的出现了，由此可见，如果在日常生活中出现以上症状应该及时的到医院去检查。并且在生活中做定期的身体健康体检，时刻关注自己的身体健康变化。

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　　平时日常生活当中，大家需要注意心力衰竭的出现，一旦出现这样的情况之后，会造成很多的不良后果，平时大家需要注意了解其中的症状，避免造成呼吸困难，直接严重的影响到了身体健康，平时大家需要尽早认识自己的生活变化。那么，左心衰竭的症状表现都有哪些？

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　　左心衰竭具体会有哪些相应的症状呢？

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　　（1）程度不同的呼吸困难：

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　　劳力性呼吸困难：是左心衰竭最早出现的症状，系因运动使回心血量增加，左房压力升高，加重了肺淤血。引起呼吸困难的运动量随心衰程度加重而减少。

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　　端坐呼吸：肺淤血达到一定的程度时，患者不能平卧，因平卧时回心血量增多且横膈上抬，呼吸更为困难。高枕卧位、半卧位甚至端坐时方可使憋气好转。

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　　夜间阵发性呼吸困难：患者已入睡后突然因憋气而惊醒，被迫采取坐位，呼吸深快。重者可有哮鸣音，称之为“心源性哮喘”。大多于端坐休息后可自行缓解。其发生机制除因睡眠平卧血液重新分配使肺血量增加外，夜间迷走神经张力增加，小支气管收缩，横膈高位，肺活量减少等也是促发因素。

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　　急性肺水肿：是“心源性哮喘”的进一步发展，是左心衰呼吸困难最严重的形式（见本章第二节急性心力衰竭）。

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　　（2）咳嗽、咳痰、咯血：咳嗽、咳痰是肺泡和支气管黏膜淤血所致，开始常于夜间发生，坐位或立位时咳嗽可减轻，白色浆液性泡沫状痰为其特点。偶可见痰中带血丝。长期慢性淤血肺静脉压力升高，导致肺循环和支气管血液循环之间形成侧支，在支气管黏膜下形成扩张的血管，此种血管一旦破裂可引起大咯血。

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　　（3）乏力、疲倦、头晕、心慌：这些是心排血量不足，器官、组织灌注不足及代偿性心率加快所致的主要症状。

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　　（4）少尿及肾功能损害症状：严重的左心衰竭血液进行再分配时，首先是肾的血流量明显减少，患者可出现少尿。长期慢性的肾血流量减少可出现血尿素氮、肌酐升高并可有肾功能不全的相应症状。

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　　一般比较胖的人患高血压的几率要比瘦的人几率更高，所以我们要想远离高血压就应该要控制自己的体重，高血压会带来很大的危害，不光是肥胖人的疾病，体型偏瘦的人得高血压也是有很多的，所以大家要多注意，养成良好的生活作息习惯，保持乐观的心态，平时要注意由于高血压引发的各种疾病，那么，高血压患者都有哪些症状呢 ？

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  谈谈高血压患者都有哪些症状呢

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　　1、瘦人出现高血压、的平均年龄比胖人大，因而其他与年龄相关的并发症，如血管硬化、心脏代偿性肥大等，相对也比较明显。血管硬化使动脉本身的弹性降低。弹性差影响大动脉缓冲血压变化的潜力，也增加血液通过小动脉时受到的阻力。其结果都会助长高血压、增加降压治疗的难度。

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　　2、在性情、心理素质方面，瘦人往往在应激反应过程中倾向于急躁、激动。每当人情绪激动、怒发冲冠的时候，血压也会在偏高的基础上再创新高，加重心、脑血管在压力下受伤的机会。

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　　3、降压治疗方面，常规药物在瘦人身上产生的疗效比胖人差。如果照搬常规，又缺乏对疗效的及时监测，往往会延误病情，加重高血压对动脉内膜的伤害。

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　　4、患高血压的瘦人如果还伴有其他疾病，和患高血压的胖人相比，这些疾病更能助纣为虐，加速心血管病情恶化。风湿性关节炎就是其中一例，它能增加瘦人心脏病发作的机会。

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　　饮食注意事项

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　　(一)限制总热能 控制体重在标准体重范围内，肥胖者应节食减肥，体重减轻每周1～1.5kg为宜。体重每增加12.5kg，收缩压可上升1.3kPa(10mmHg)，舒张压升高0.9kPa(7mmHg);说明体重增加，对高血压病治疗大为不利。，

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　　(二)适量蛋白质 蛋白质代谢产生的有害物质，可引起血压波动，应限制动物蛋白。调配饮食时应考虑蛋白质生理作用，应选高生物价优质蛋白，按lg/kg补给，其中植物蛋白质可占50%，动物蛋白选用鱼肉、鸡肉、牛肉、鸡蛋白、牛奶、猪瘦肉等。，

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　　(三)限制脂类 高血压患者吃什么好，减少脂肪，限制胆固醇;脂肪供给40～50g/d，除椰子油外，豆油、菜油、花生油、芝麻油、玉米油、红花油等植物油均含维生素E和较多亚油酸，对预防血管破裂有一定作用。同时患高脂血症及冠心病者，更应限制动物脂肪摄入。如长期食用高胆固醇食物，如动物内脏、脑髓、蛋黄、肥肉、贝类、乌贼鱼、动物脂肪等，可引起高脂蛋白血症，促使脂质沉积，加重高血压病，故饮食胆固醇应在300～400mg/d。，

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　　(四)进食多糖类碳水化物 含食物纤维高的食物，如淀粉、糙米、标准粉、玉米、小米等均可促进肠蠕动，加速胆固醇排出，对防治高血压病有利;葡萄糖、果糖，及蔗糖等，均有升高血脂之忧，故应少用。，

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　　(五)矿物质和微量元素 1.限制钠摄入：食盐含大量钠离子，人群普查和动物试验都证明，吃盐越多，高血压病患病率越高，每天吃10g盐，发病率为10%，而20g/d则为20%，限制食盐后血压降低。低钠饮食时，全天钠应保持500mg，维持机体代谢，防止低钠血症，供给食盐以2～5g/d为宜。

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