![\"听专家说女童阴道出血怎么回事\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499495221201.jpg\" "\\"听专家说女童阴道出血怎么回事\\"")
对于年幼的女童而言，阴道出血绝非正常现象。虽然出血偶尔是外阴明显创伤引发，往往是严重疾病的信号，需要引起母亲的重视。那么女童阴道出血怎么回事呢？
\n
女童阴道出血的原因往往并不显而易见，需要尽快就医。女童阴道出血可能的原因包括：锐利的异物损伤了阴道壁；严重的阴道感染损伤粘膜；女孩误服了妈妈的避孕药或含有激素成分的食品；尿道口息肉；卵巢、子宫、阴道肿瘤；垂体肿瘤；肾上腺肿瘤；甲状腺疾病等内分泌异常等。
\n另外，一些在青春期前好发的卵巢肿瘤并不一定表现为阴道出血，它们可能使孩子感觉腹痛或引起大小便的异常。许多疾病的发现就是洗澡时见女孩腹围增大而发现肿瘤。
\n女童阴道出血怎么回事呢知识关键点：
\n1、10岁前女童阴道出血是异常征象，可能的原因包括：
\n1.1、损伤
\n1.2、感染
\n1.3、药物
\n1.4、肿瘤
\n1.5、内分泌异常等
\n2、及时到正规医就诊是明智的选择。
\n","barId":"2590","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2741,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499494293995,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499494293995,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5414","isDel":0,"createAt":1499493702141,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"孩子，请让我来帮助你：女孩的阴道检查与女孩肛检","content":"
在妇科诊室看到小女孩就诊虽非常见，但也不少。她们趟在与其不相称的检查床上，进行女孩的阴道检查或女孩肛检，不久便会传来悲惨的号哭声，好在医生大都能找到症结的所在。
\n![\"女孩的阴道检查与女孩肛检\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499494449051.jpg\" "\\"女孩的阴道检查与女孩肛检\\"")
再对小女孩进行妇科疾病的诊断前，医生通常会先向求医的母女询问相关情况，以便找到有价值的线索。如果需要会在较全面的体格检查基础上，进行专门的妇科检查也是必不可少的。
\n对外阴的检查，一般不会给女孩造成痛苦。但如果存在阴道内异物或炎症，医生会采用细的探棒或棉棍进行触探和取材，医生将对采集的阴道分泌物进行镜下观察和病原体的检测。如果有需要，医生会在家长的同意下用窥具进行阴道检查，用小号的窥具，一般不会损伤处女膜。如果要做更复杂的操作，一般会收住院在麻醉下进行。
\n女孩们最害怕的可能是所谓的“肛诊”。医生将一只手指插入肛门至直肠，在其配合下触摸子宫和卵巢。那感觉有些胀，有些难受，。但这也是必不可少的检查，对医生获得最初的诊断十分重要。检查时间只有十几秒，女孩应尽量放松，母亲在检查过程中，应该配合医生稳定女儿情绪。
\n女孩的阴道检查与女孩肛检知识的关键点：
\n1、超声等影像学检查虽然有很大参考价值，但基本的盆腔检查是妇科医生最重要的第一手材料。
\n2、病痛某种意义上就是指有病就难免有痛。
\n","barId":"2590","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2911,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499493702142,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499493702142,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5404","isDel":0,"createAt":1499406357211,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"痛经的原因_痛经吃什么_痛经怎么办快速止痛药的对比","content":"
上学时，因痛经发作而阴差阳错地成为胆敢不去上班主任课的“英雄人物”。今天就听专家来讲讲，痛经的原因、痛经吃什么、痛经怎么办快速止痛药的对比.
\n![\"痛经的原因_痛经吃什么_痛经怎么办快速止痛药的对比\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499406934936.jpg\" "\\"痛经的原因_痛经吃什么_痛经怎么办快速止痛药的对比\\"")
痛经是指在月经期或月经前后，发生下腹痛或头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、腹胀、乏力、腰腿痛等其它症状，可以影响生活、学习和工作。痛经的发生率大约为33%，60%为15-30岁的年轻女性。
\n原发性痛经一般在初潮后1-2年出现排卵性月经后出现，通常不伴有明显的盆腔器质性病变，又称功能性痛经。主要原因包括：年轻女孩宫颈过紧，或子宫位置不正（后倾），造成经血流出不畅而令子宫拼命收缩；雌孕激素平衡失调；子宫内膜释放前列腺素过高；精神心理状态和遗传因素等。随年龄增长，特别是第一次分娩后，疼痛的症状可以减轻或消失。
\n继发痛经几乎全部归因于生殖器官器质性病变，因此症状出现较晚。常见能导致痛经的疾病包括以下几种疾病：子宫内膜异位症、子宫肌腺症、盆腔感染、子宫内膜息肉、粘膜下肌瘤、宫颈/宫腔粘连、子宫畸形、盆腔充血综合征等。
\n缓解痛经的饮食疗法包括增加富含钙和镁的食物，多吃以小麦或牛奶为主要成分的食品，土豆，胡萝卜等，行经前一星期，少吃动物蛋白（鸡蛋、鱼和肉）；痛经时用热水袋敷下腹部或腰骶部；冲服当归或甘菊茶饮；经期不做剧烈运动，不涉水、游泳；不吃生冷刺激食物；不吸烟喝酒等。
\n常用的止痛药属于非甾体抗炎药，在快速止痛药效果方面对比如下：索密痛、扶他捷起效快，适于剧烈疼痛时服；芬必得起效慢，但持续时间长。上述药物的对比，需要根据自己疼的疼痛规律，适当提前服用效果会更好。药物无效时可考虑到妇科急诊打止痛针。要想防患于未然，可服短效口服避孕药抑制排卵，服药期间的月经既不痛量还少。
\n痛经的原因、痛经吃什么、痛经怎么办快速止痛药的对比知识的关键点：
\n1、对月经痛产生恐慌情绪或逆来顺受，积极摸索规律积极应对才是正道。
\n2、如果属于原发性痛经，应做一定的检查排除盆腔器质性病变。
\n3、剧烈的腹痛，千万不要强忍，合理适量的服止痛药副反应几乎没有。
\n","barId":"2590","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1736,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499406357213,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499406357213,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5403","isDel":0,"createAt":1499350775121,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"专家告诉你什么是阴道横隔，经血不畅怎么办","content":"
严重的痛经要排除器质性病变的可能，其中生殖道畸形就往往以月经的异常和与阴道出血不协调的腹痛等表现最初的征象，那么什么是阴道横隔，经血不畅怎么办
\n![\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499350898792.jpg\" "\\"")
阴道横隔，如果没孔，也会阻挡月经引流而出现疼痛，发现后切除之即可。阴道斜隔的女孩通常有两个子宫和宫颈，一侧宫颈的下方被有孔或无孔的斜隔遮挡，于是这侧的经血只能靠斜隔上的小孔或是两个宫颈之间的瘘管引流，会因流出不畅导致隔上积血，严重之时感染而流脓。切除多余的斜隔势在必行。需要注意的是，有斜隔的孩子往往伴有同侧肾的缺失。
\n什么是阴道横隔，经血不畅怎么办知识关键点：
\n1、经血引流不畅的生殖道畸形越早纠正越好。
\n2、经血引流不畅能引发以下并发症：
\n2.1、“障碍点”以上积血
\n2.2、继发感染
\n2.3、子宫内膜异位症
\n2.4、巧囊破裂等急腹症
\n","barId":"2588","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":3015,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499350775123,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499350775123,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5402","isDel":0,"createAt":1499350183653,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"先天性阴道闭锁怎么办，术后的注意事项听专家怎么说","content":"
\n
阴道闭锁，如果只是接近会阴的下段闭锁，症状和表现与处女膜闭锁十分相似，只是行切开手术时略为复杂，而且由于闭锁的阴道组织没有处女膜柔软，容易形成瘢痕而重新变得狭窄或闭锁，通常术后要带一段时间的模具以支撑和扩张。如果阴道整段闭锁，甚至宫颈的发育也不好，则需行阴道成形、宫颈成形和阴道子宫接通术，宫颈处能否维持通畅有时并不乐观。
\n阴道成形术后能否坚持正确佩带模具是决定手术成败的关键因素，莫因一时的痛苦使医生的努力功亏一篑。
","barId":"2588","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2095,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499350183654,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499350183654,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5401","isDel":0,"createAt":1499349851670,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"一分钟让你明白什么是处女膜闭锁，先天性处女膜闭锁怎么办","content":"处女膜闭锁，也称无孔处女膜，俗话说的“石女”通常就是这种情况。由于阴道无法与外界相通，经血流不出来，在初期的时候，因积聚于阴道内无明显不适，当几个月后阴道容纳不下之时，便会出现宫腔积血和周期性腹痛。从外阴可见阴道口由膜样组织覆盖，呈蓝紫色。这时只需做一个小小的手术将处女膜切开，便可引流经血，对以后结婚生子也不会有什么影响。
\n![\"一分钟让你明白什么是处女膜闭锁，先天性处女膜闭锁怎么办\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499350484704.jpg\" "\\"一分钟让你明白什么是处女膜闭锁，先天性处女膜闭锁怎么办\\"")
","barId":"2588","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":3999,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499349851671,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499349851671,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5396","isDel":0,"createAt":1499330522613,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"女孩子怀孕后的处理办法以及女生怀孕的健康危害","content":"
电影“早熟”，讲述一对高中生偷尝禁果后经历的危机，尽管结局美满，但其他的女孩未必象主人公一样幸运。因此有必要学习下女孩子怀孕后的处理办法以及女生怀孕的健康危害
\n![\"女孩子怀孕后的处理办法以及女生怀孕的健康危害\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499331040846.jpg\" "\\"女孩子怀孕后的处理办法以及女生怀孕的健康危害\\"")
少女妊娠的医疗危险除了与年龄过小相关外，还经常与检查就医过晚（有一半女孩在怀孕20周后才找医生）有关，因此，少女首先要了解与怀孕有关的自觉症状，以便及早发现，尽量减小损失。常见的早孕反应包括月经过期，恶心呕吐，乳房肿胀，尿频，容易疲劳等。当你发现腹部膨大、排便习惯改变甚至感觉到胎动时，则已太晚。
\n女生怀孕医疗危险：
\n1、骨盆尚未成熟，难产和剖宫产的风险增加；
\n2、早产及出生体重过轻的婴儿的机会比正常人多，新生儿并发症和死亡率高；
\n3、易生先天畸形儿，危险比成年妇女高两倍；
\n4、容易并发妊娠期高血压病，甚至抽搐导致死亡等。
\n女生怀孕社会心理学问题：
\n1、女孩首先怀疑家人的反应，尽可能地隐瞒。即使出自宽容的家庭，对立情绪也在所难免；
\n2、怀孕在客观上造成的联系和责任，难以保证新家庭的稳定，两年后75%的结合会遭受失败；
\n3、怀孕少女成为周围环境责难的牺牲品，产生失败感，孤独感和对社会的不适应；
\n4、自身矛盾不安的情绪对孩子的身心发育也会产生不利的冲击。
\n女孩子怀孕后的处理办法以及女生怀孕的健康危害知识的关键点：
\n1、虽然个人有权决定是否继续妊娠，但及时终止妊娠是最现实的选择。
\n2、早孕7周内可以采用药物流产。错过时机就只能采取负压吸宫。
\n3、应该及时与父母沟通。
\n4、切莫讳疾忌医，错上加错。
\n","barId":"2588","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2049,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499330522614,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499330522614,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5365","isDel":0,"createAt":1499237241905,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"前庭大腺囊肿（巴氏腺囊肿）怎么治疗，\t 巴氏腺囊肿会自愈吗，且听专家怎么说","content":"
她岔着腿走进诊室，自述外阴部拱起一个触痛的小包，逐渐增大，疼痛加剧，经确诊原来是前庭大腺囊肿。前庭大腺囊肿（巴氏腺囊肿）怎么治疗，巴氏腺囊肿会自愈吗，且听专家怎么说
\n![\"前庭大腺囊肿（巴氏腺囊肿）怎么治疗，\t](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499237271781.jpg\" "\\"前庭大腺囊肿（巴氏腺囊肿）怎么治疗，\t")
前庭大腺，也称巴氏腺，是一对位于阴道两侧偏后，开口位于小阴唇和处女膜之间的腺体，有1-2厘米的管道与外界相连，分泌的粘液有润滑阴道的作用。在性交、分娩或其他情况感染外阴部时，病原体可从腺管开口侵入造成感染。
\n主要病原体为葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、链球菌或肠球菌。随着性传播感染发病率的增加，淋球菌和沙眼衣原体也较为常见。腺管开口往往因炎性肿胀或渗出物凝聚而阻塞，脓液不能外流则形成前庭大县脓肿。
\n炎症多为一侧。初时局部肿胀、疼痛、烧灼感，可令行走不便或大小便困难。脓肿形成时疼痛加剧，似核桃至鸡蛋大小，可触及波动感。部分患者可伴有发热等全身症状，腹股沟淋巴结可有不同程度的增大。
\n脓肿的自然结果分两种情况，一是自行破溃，开口大而引流通畅，炎症较快消退而痊愈；另外则是破孔小，引流不畅而炎症持续不消退，还可反复急性发作。
\n急性炎症期应卧床休息，局部保持清洁。口服或肌肉注射抗生素，取分泌物做细菌培养对选择抗生素有非常大的帮助作用。可用清热、解毒的中药制剂局部热敷或坐浴。脓肿形成后需切开引流并放置引流条。采用激光或微波造口的患者，具有出血少且无需缝合的优势。
\n前庭大腺囊肿（巴氏腺囊肿）怎么治疗，巴氏腺囊肿会自愈吗知识的关键点：
\n1、前庭大腺炎及脓肿形成属于外阴炎范畴。脓液吸收后转变成的清液囊肿是一种慢性炎症，通常也需要切开引流。
\n2、前庭大腺造口术操作简便，在门诊即可施行，可保留腺体功能。
\n3、造口术后引流条的适时放置和定时更替对预防造口重闭和感染至关重要。
\n4、反复发炎，应排除淋菌和/或衣原体感染的可能。
\n","barId":"2589","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":5429,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499237241906,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499237241906,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5364","isDel":0,"createAt":1499235140265,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"宫颈炎糜烂到宫颈肿瘤的演变，虽非一步之遥，但需谨慎","content":"
宫颈表面呈细颗粒状的红色区称为糜烂，根据面积的大小和外观可具体分为轻、中、重3个等级和单纯型、颗粒型和乳突型3种类型。宫颈炎糜烂到宫颈肿瘤的演变过程，虽非一步之遥，但需谨慎对待。
\n![\"宫颈炎糜烂到宫颈肿瘤的演变，虽非一步之遥，但需谨慎\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499235780634.jpg\" "\\"宫颈炎糜烂到宫颈肿瘤的演变，虽非一步之遥，但需谨慎\\"")
宫颈炎是细菌等微生物潜伏于粘膜皱襞中引起的局部炎症，几乎所有有性生活的妇女都会有或轻或重的慢性宫颈炎，除表现为糜烂外，还可形成宫颈腺囊肿（类似脸上的粉刺）、肥大和息肉等。
\n单纯的慢性宫颈炎症并不可怕，需要警惕和打击的是悄无声息地潜入的病毒――人类乳头瘤病毒。人类乳头瘤病毒可启动正常宫颈细胞向癌细胞转化的级链反应，如果机体的免疫监控功能失调，便会有脆弱分子踏上癌变的“征程”。女性一生中感染HPV的概率大约在60%以上，大多数是“一过性的携带状态”，平均8个月内基本都能自行清除，只有少数持续感染的高危型乳头瘤病毒会引发癌变。单纯乳头瘤病毒阳性而无病变，完全可以不做任何处理，但是目前尚没有能够切实有效消除宫颈病毒的药物。
\n![\"宫颈炎糜烂到宫颈肿瘤的演变，虽非一步之遥，但需谨慎\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499235972284.jpg\" "\\"宫颈炎糜烂到宫颈肿瘤的演变，虽非一步之遥，但需谨慎\\"")
宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（英文缩写是CIN）癌前病变，分为I（早）、II（中）、III（晚）三个级别。部分病变可以自然转为正常，部分病变基本没有任何变化，少部分则向恶性转变。宫颈上皮内瘤样病变转为癌变的过程是循序渐进的，通常要经历5~10年的时间，这期间为早期诊断和治疗中断病变发展提供了时间缓冲。
\n![\"宫颈炎糜烂到宫颈肿瘤的演变，虽非一步之遥，但需谨慎\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499235789077.jpg\" "\\"宫颈炎糜烂到宫颈肿瘤的演变，虽非一步之遥，但需谨慎\\"")
宫颈病变筛查常见的有两种方法宫颈涂片和乳头瘤病毒检测。目前巴氏涂片系统早已被淘汰，涂片方法现有CCT(计算机辅助的断层扫描)和TCT（液基薄片技术）两种技术，许多大型妇产科诊治中心已具备这样的设备和技术。
\n最新的宫颈病变筛查指南建议如下：经济发达地区筛查的起始年龄为25~30岁，经济欠发达地区为35~40岁，终止时间为65岁。每年做一次宫颈涂片，连续2年正常，则延长至每3年筛查一次。如果宫颈刮片有问题，则在医生的指导下，密切随诊或接受阴道镜和活组织检查等。
\n乳头瘤病毒的检测并未普及，但其具有帮助医生评估和预测宫颈病变的风险、进展速度以及治疗效果的意义。如果宫颈刮片正常，连续2年检测乳头瘤病毒阴性，就可以高枕无忧地过5~8年再筛查。再如，当细胞学难下定论时，乳头瘤病毒阳性敦促医生积极地做进一步检查，而阴性则可以少安毋躁，容后再议（3~6个月后重复细胞学）。
\n宫颈病变诊断越早，治疗就约容易。早期的癌前病变用物理治疗（激光等）既可。较晚的癌前病变和早期的宫颈癌在多数情况下，做简单的部分宫颈锥形切除就足够了，几乎不会影响日后的生育。即使是癌瘤已有一定扩展的患者，如果有强烈的生育要求，医生们也会酌情尝试着先做保留子宫体的宫颈切除手术。但如果肿瘤已明显侵犯到子宫外（盆腔和阴道等），保命则成为根本需求，需做大范围的手术或放射治疗。
\n宫颈炎糜烂到宫颈肿瘤的演变过程知识的关键点：
\n1、慢性宫颈炎是女性常见病，不用太过担心。
\n2、只有部分乳头瘤病毒可以诱发癌变，一般由细菌等微生物引起的宫颈急、慢性炎症与癌无关。
\n3、很“烂”的外观可能只是普通炎症，而光洁的外表下可能已潜伏癌变。
\n3.1、在中国每年宫颈癌每年新增约13万。
\n3.2、宫颈癌是为数不多的被掌握病因和发展规律的恶性疾病，筛查不光是医生的职责，更需要广大妇女自觉的配合。
\n3.3、定期做宫颈图片，几乎不会出现晚期宫颈癌。
\n3.3、巴氏系统尽管已落伍，在没有新型替代手段的情况下仍是查体中的重要项目。
\n4、只有病毒与病变同时存在，病毒的数量才存在意义。不必为单纯乳头瘤病毒阳性而惴惴不安。
\n5、乳头瘤病毒阳性并不是“乱性不忠”的代名词。
\n6、是否需要对男性进行乳头瘤病毒检查尚无定论，有时等待比过度治疗更好。
\n","barId":"2589","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2392,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499235140267,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499235140267,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5361","isDel":0,"createAt":1499220799700,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"从受孕过程看怎样才容易受孕的两个要点：种子与土地","content":"
春天，人们把一粒种子种在土地里，它发芽、出土，长成一颗茁壮的庄稼。宝宝的诞生经历同样的过程，下面我们从受孕过程，看怎样才容易受孕的两个要点：种子与土地。
\n ![\"从受孕过程看怎样才容易受孕的两个要点：种子与土地\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499221146960.jpg\" "\\"从受孕过程看怎样才容易受孕的两个要点：种子与土地\\"")
在月经周期中，数以百计的卵泡当中中只有一个卵泡脱颖而出，在垂体激素的作用下，成熟并破裂，将卵子排出卵巢外。输卵管伞象一只伸开五指的手，在抓到卵子以后，把它运送到输卵管内最宽敞的部位，等候精子的到来。卵子的寿命大概24小时左右。性交后有数千万甚至数亿的精子象马拉松赛跑般蜂拥而入到妻子的阴道内，它们拼命地穿越宫颈、宫腔，奔向卵子，途中绝大多数精子被淘汰了，最终仅有一个精子与卵子结合，这个过程叫“受精”。精卵结合体叫“受精卵”，受精卵即是新生命的种子。偶尔两个精子与一个卵子结合了，或两个卵子同时受精了，就发生了双胎妊娠。受精一般发生在排卵后12小时左右。
\n![\"从受孕过程看怎样才容易受孕的两个要点：种子与土地\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499221456499.jpg\" "\\"从受孕过程看怎样才容易受孕的两个要点：种子与土地\\"")
随着输卵管的蠕动，受精卵被转运到子宫腔内，与此同时受精卵也开始了细胞分裂，细胞数成翻增长，形成早期胚胎并埋入子宫内膜内，称为受精卵着床或植入。受精到着床大约需要一周左右的时间。
\n![\"从受孕过程看怎样才容易受孕的两个要点：种子与土地\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499221367651.jpg\" "\\"从受孕过程看怎样才容易受孕的两个要点：种子与土地\\"")
子宫内膜就像土地，胚胎从这里获取营养，一天天发育成长。
\n从受孕过程，看怎样才容易受孕知识的关键点：
\n1、受精卵是新生命的种子，种子的一半来自父亲，一半来自母亲，所以新生命的质量与父母双方都相关。
\n2、不孕不育夫妇中，相当多原因在种子和土地上。
\n3、种子和土地的质量取决于先天因素与后天因素。男性和女性都应从小爱护和保护好自己的生殖器官。
\n4、烟酒对“种子”危害非常大。
\n","barId":"2589","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2120,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499220799701,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499220799701,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5359","isDel":0,"createAt":1499218332631,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"怀孕前必知的生育遗传咨询，优生遗传咨询能帮你解决的问题","content":"
哇哇坠地的是一个四肢残缺不全的小矮人，噩梦般的经历是否还会重演？生育遗传咨询将解释您所有的疑惑，优生遗传咨询帮你生一个健康的宝宝！
\n ![\"怀孕前必知的生育遗传咨询，优生遗传咨询能帮你解决的问题\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499218586366.png\" "\\"怀孕前必知的生育遗传咨询，优生遗传咨询能帮你解决的问题\\"")
遗传咨询，是指从事这项工作的医生就遗传病患者本人及其家属所提出的有关遗传疾病的发病原因、遗传方式、诊断和预后、患此病的风险率等一系列相关问题进行科学解答，并对咨询者的生育提出建议和指导。遗传咨询的目的就是应用现代医学技术，以降低人群遗传病的发生率，进而减小遗传病带给社会的经济负担，提高人口质量。遗传咨询工作的中心职能就是提供信息。
\n如果您有以下情形的，应积极进行遗传咨询：1、有遗传病史或致病基因携带者；2、不明原因的智力低下或者畸形者；3、家族成员有染色体异常者；4、家族成员有先天性代谢疾病者；5、有一个以上家庭成员具有相同畸形者；6、具有不明原因的异常面容或者体矮者；7、一方表现为多基因遗传病如唇裂、腭裂或脑膜膨出者；8、近亲结婚者；9、原发性不孕夫妻；10、35岁以上孕妇、曾生育过畸形儿的孕妇或者丈夫45岁以上者；11、有原因不明的习惯性流产、早产、死产、死胎史的夫妻；12、两性畸形患者及其血缘亲属；13、任何原因（如接触致畸因素）有先天缺陷儿危险的正在怀孕或者准备怀孕的妇女。
\n因为遗传病种很多，遗传规律也非常复杂，相关的问题需要具体问题具体分析，根据子代再发风险率、是否致残、致死和能否治疗，遗传咨询医师将会帮你做出以下决策：1、可以生育；2、避孕或绝育；3、对结婚和生育需慎重考虑；4、可以结婚并怀孕，但需要产前诊断预防缺陷儿出生；5、领养子女；6、胚胎移植治疗。
\n生育遗传咨询、优生遗传咨询知识的关键点：
\n1、了解自己和配偶，以及双方家族成员的健康状况，只要有上述情况中任何一种，都应该积极寻求遗传咨询的帮助。
\n2、随着科技的逐步发展，即使一方或者双方都存在某种遗传疾病，或者已经有过缺陷儿分娩史，也可能有健康子女出生。
\n","barId":"2589","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1737,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499218332632,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499218332632,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5345","isDel":0,"createAt":1499096729841,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"顺产侧切、产钳助产等助产知识、顺产侧切伤口图片","content":"
虽说分娩是个生理过程，但有时总免不了需要有人帮一把忙。那么顺产侧切是什么鬼、产钳助产等助产知识都有哪些、顺产侧切伤口图片是什么样子呢
\n![\"顺产侧切、产钳助产等助产知识、顺产侧切伤口图片\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499097348937.jpg\" "\\"顺产侧切、产钳助产等助产知识、顺产侧切伤口图片\\"")
在分娩中，主要影响的四个要素是：产力、产道、胎儿和精神心理因素。只要一个或多个有异常，都可导致分娩过程受阻。特别是到了第二产程的最后关头，眼见着胎头隐现在阴道外口，产妇的体力却已消耗殆尽，此时的接产医生是最着急的，恨不得自己使劲就能把孩子生出来。多数情况下，医护人员通过给产妇腹部加压就能把娩出困难的胎儿“挤”出来。有时候还需要器械帮忙：
\n顺产侧切术：进行局部麻醉后，切开阴道侧壁及相应部位的会阴部皮肤、皮下组织和部分会阴部肌肉，以拓宽阴道口、减小会阴部对胎儿娩出的阻力，并减轻或避免盆底及会阴部的损伤和胎儿颅脑的损伤。当子宫收缩乏力，第二产程延长时，胎儿出现窒息表现时，会阴部弹力差有可能发生严重会阴裂伤时，及需要手术助产时，均需行会阴切开术。切口一般长约4-6cm，一般72小时就可拆线。
\n![\"顺产侧切、产钳助产等助产知识、顺产侧切伤口图片\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499097022111.jpg\" "\\"顺产侧切、产钳助产等助产知识、顺产侧切伤口图片\\"")
胎头吸引术：将特制的吸引器以负压吸附在胎儿头顶，助产者拉手柄协助胎头娩出。有可能造成胎儿头皮损伤、头皮血肿和颅内出血等。
\n产钳术：产前是固定于胎头两侧的大叶金属钳，可以确实地扣住胎头，牵引其娩出。只要放置的位置正确，对胎儿的损伤风险比吸引器小，但容易造成产妇软产道损伤。
\n![\"顺产侧切、产钳助产等助产知识、顺产侧切伤口图片\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499097205764.png\" "\\"顺产侧切、产钳助产等助产知识、顺产侧切伤口图片\\"")
臀位助产术：臀位是最常见的异常胎位。凡胎头朝向上方统称为臀位，有的胎儿双腿伸直屈胯，医学上称“单臀”；有的盘腿而坐，医学上称“混合臀”；有的站着，称“足先露”。因胎头是胎儿径线最大的部位，故臀位分娩易导致后出的胎头娩出困难。臀位助产就是采用堵臀、助产、牵引的方法，使后出头的胎儿顺利娩出。如胎儿大小适中，骨盆、产力均正常，由有经验的助产人员帮助多是顺利的。
\n顺产侧切是什么鬼、产钳助产等助产知识都有哪些、顺产侧切伤口图片知识的关键点：
\n1、会阴侧切是对母子双方一举两得的好事。
\n2、选择吸引器或产钳助产也是没有办法的办法，虽然有一定的风险，但相对于胎儿窘迫的状态，必须选择。
\n3、有难度的产钳术不如剖宫产，母子安全是最重要的。
\n4、分娩臀位的胎儿现在多采用剖腹产。
\n","barId":"2589","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":3336,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499096729842,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499096729842,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5341","isDel":0,"createAt":1499007987836,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"母乳喂养的好处_母乳喂养知识","content":"
女儿满月后小区里总会有人问我：“孩子吃什么奶粉长得这么结实？”我都会解释母乳才是宝宝最好的口粮，那么母乳喂养的好处和母乳喂养知识有哪些呢？
\n ![\"母乳喂养的好处_母乳喂养知识\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499008556956.jpg\" "\\"母乳喂养的好处_母乳喂养知识\\"")
营养学家不遗余力地改良奶粉配方，但仍有400余种母乳成分是奶粉无法模拟的。人乳中白蛋白与酪蛋白的比例为2：1，遇胃酸后形成很小的乳凝块，利于消化。而牛奶中大部分是酪蛋白，在婴儿胃中易结成硬块，不易消化，易大便干燥。人乳中含不饱和脂肪酸、牛磺酸和乳糖较牛乳多，促进婴儿脑神经的发育，乙型乳糖还有助于钙的吸收。母乳中脂肪球少，包含多种消化酶，对脂肪消化非常有帮助，对缺乏胰脂酶的新生儿和早产儿更为有利。人乳中锌和铁的吸收率可高达59.2%和45%-75%，而牛乳仅为42%和13%。母乳中含有丰富的铜，有利于保护婴儿娇嫩的心血管系统。人乳有利于钙的吸收，有效预防佝偻病。一项研究曾结果发现人的面部骨骼的发育和母乳喂养的时间长短有关，从来没吃过母乳的人脸部发育最差，只吃过3个月母乳的人比完全没有吃过的人好一些，吃母乳时间愈长，脸形发育愈好。
\n![\"母乳喂养的好处_母乳喂养知识\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499008924618.png\" "\\"母乳喂养的好处_母乳喂养知识\\"")
产后最初几天分泌的乳汁叫初乳，量少但浓度高，富含抗体及宝宝所需要的各种酶类，初乳可称做是新生儿的第一次免疫，对增强宝宝的抵抗力具有重要意义。初乳还有促进脂类排泄作用，减少黄疸发生。一定要珍惜初乳，尽可能喂给宝宝。
\n![\"母乳喂养的好处_母乳喂养知识\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1499008280809.jpg\" "\\"母乳喂养的好处_母乳喂养知识\\"")
母乳喂养对妈妈也有相当多的好处：
\n1、吸吮反射性刺激母亲催产素分泌，有利于子宫复旧。
\n2、消耗掉孕期体内堆积的脂肪，利于体形恢复。
\n3、母乳喂养一定程度上可以达到产后避孕目的，但需注意乳母不来月经也可能有排卵发生，仍需避孕。
\n4、降低母亲乳腺癌与卵巢癌的发病率。
\n5、母乳洁净，直接喂哺不易受污染，温度适宜，方便、卫生、经济，可以在一定程度上减轻家庭育儿的经济压力。
\n研究结果显示：母乳喂养可以使孩子的智商提高8分。美国儿科学会提倡母乳喂养至少12个月，并认为母乳可以为6个月以内婴儿提供全部的营养。
\n母乳喂养的好处和母乳喂养知识有哪些呢知识的关键点：
\n1、健康的准妈妈一定做好母乳喂养的心理和身体准备。
\n2、初乳珍贵，一定喂给宝宝，千万别浪费。
\n3、母乳是孩子的权利，请你不要轻易剥夺。
\n","barId":"2587","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1893,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1499007987837,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1499007987837,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5339","isDel":0,"createAt":1498983067419,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"乳腺炎能哺乳吗，看专家怎么说","content":"
产后各器官都进入了休整阶段，唯有乳房不同。胎盘的娩出、房经过了孕期的准备，此时才正式进入角色，但是当乳房有乳腺炎能哺乳吗，看专家怎么说
\n ![\"1.jpg\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498984004163.jpg\" "\\"1498984004163.jpg\\"")
妊娠期胎盘分泌的激素促进了乳房的发育和泌乳能力的逐步完善，但这时期并不泌乳，只是为泌乳做好了准备。随着胎盘的排出，脑垂体分泌的催乳素促使乳汁分泌。胎儿吸吮乳头反射性地引起乳汁射出。吸吮是保持乳腺不断泌乳的关键，不断排空乳房也是维持乳汁分泌的重要条件。
\n![\"2.jpg\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498983540537.jpg\" "\\"1498983540537.jpg\\"")
哺乳前用清水清洗乳房和乳头。产后一周内哺乳次数多些有促进乳汁分泌的作用。乳房过度充盈时要及时排空，可用按摩、热敷、吸吮、吸奶器抽出等方法。哺乳后佩戴合适的乳罩。出现乳头皲裂，轻微短小的裂口可用乳汁涂抹，较严重时可用专用的药膏。乳腺炎表现为乳房红肿、有硬结、疼痛重、发烧，要及时治疗，如延误形成乳腺脓肿则需手术治疗了。炎症重时暂停哺乳。
\n\n
乳腺炎能哺乳吗知识的关键点：
\n1、在哺乳期乳房才真正实现了自己的价值。母亲们因哺乳而伟大。
\n2、哺乳可促进子宫复旧，对产妇健康有益。
\n3、产后发胖与哺乳无必然联系。
\n4、哺乳对孩子的益处有很多。
\n5、早吸吮、亲吸吮是最有效的下奶方法。
\n","barId":"2589","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1400,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498983067421,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498983067421,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5335","isDel":0,"createAt":1498970614874,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"怀孕初期症状_怀孕前期有什么症状_妊娠反应什么时候开始_妊娠反应严重怎么办","content":"
妊娠反应的痛苦若非同病相怜很难感同身受，怀孕初期症状有哪些，怀孕前期有什么症状，妊娠反应什么时候开始，妊娠反应严重怎么办？本文将一一揭晓。
\n![\"怀孕初期症状_怀孕前期有什么症状_妊娠反应什么时候开始_妊娠反应严重怎么办\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498971505555.jpg\" "\\"怀孕初期症状_怀孕前期有什么症状_妊娠反应什么时候开始_妊娠反应严重怎么办\\"")
约60%的妇女在停经6周左右出现食欲不振、喜食酸物或厌油腻、恶心、晨间呕吐等早孕反应，到怀孕3个月后自行消失。有少数孕妇反应严重，频繁恶心、呕吐、不能进食，乃至发生体液、酸碱失衡和新陈代谢障碍，甚至危及妊娠和生命的情况称妊娠剧吐，发生率约0.35%~0.47%。
\n![\"怀孕初期症状_怀孕前期有什么症状_妊娠反应什么时候开始_妊娠反应严重怎么办\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498971501693.jpeg\" "\\"怀孕初期症状_怀孕前期有什么症状_妊娠反应什么时候开始_妊娠反应严重怎么办\\"")
妊娠呕吐的病因尚不明确，可能与胎盘分泌的绒毛促性腺激素（HCG）升高有关，但更多的是与精神过度紧张、焦虑等消极心理因素密切相关。怀孕前3个月是胎儿发育的关键时期，此间的能量充足和营养平衡之重要性便可想而知。轻微的恶心、呕吐可通过调整饮食的种类和节律予以弥补。如果滴水难进，持续2~3天以上，便可能出现低血容量性休克、低钾血症、低钠血症、酮症（机体因缺乏能量而消耗脂肪，酮体为脂肪的代谢产物，可由尿排出）酸中毒等，患者表现为脱水、乏力、尿少、神志不清等，需及时就医，补充血容量，纠正水、电解质紊乱是当务之急。
\n![\"怀孕初期症状_怀孕前期有什么症状_妊娠反应什么时候开始_妊娠反应严重怎么办\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498971536727.jpg\" "\\"怀孕初期症状_怀孕前期有什么症状_妊娠反应什么时候开始_妊娠反应严重怎么办\\"")
若妊娠反应进一步蓄积，可导致肝、肾功能受损，甚至脑病，轻则留下后遗症，重则危及生命。心理治疗和补液治疗并重。恰当的处理后，一般2~3日会明显改善，饮食的恢复不要急于求成，由流食→半流食→正常饮食→增加食量逐步过渡为佳。
\n\n
怀孕初期症状有哪些，怀孕前期有什么症状，妊娠反应什么时候开始，妊娠反应严重怎么办知识的关键点：
\n1、妊娠反应与精神过度紧张、焦虑等消极心理因素密切相关，自身的疏导和家人的体贴是第一剂良药。
\n2、严重呕吐需要明确和除外的情况：
\n2.1、葡萄胎
\n2.2、多胎妊娠
\n2.3、合并肝炎或胃肠炎
\n3、迷信“输液”不可取，任何配方都比不上自然饮食更浑然天成。
\n4、补液看似普通，却极有学问。不对证的“治疗”会延误或加重病情。
\n5、需要考虑终止妊娠的情况：
\n5.1、持续黄疸
\n5.1、持续蛋白尿
\n5.3、体温持续38以上
\n5.4、心率120次/分以上
\n5.5、伴发脑病等
\n","barId":"2589","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1862,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498970614875,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498970614875,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5334","isDel":0,"createAt":1498969437813,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"先兆流产是什么症状_怀孕初期流产危险时间段","content":"
对渴望生育的夫妇而言，流产是件痛苦的事情，他们寄希望于医生能给予的救援，但也许只是失望的等待，那先兆流产是什么症状，怀孕初期流产危险时间段是什么时候，流产后又哪些注意事项？
\n![\"先兆流产是什么症状_怀孕初期流产危险时间段\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498970145020.jpg\" "\\"先兆流产是什么症状_怀孕初期流产危险时间段\\"")
妊娠的前三个月是发生流产的危险阶段。流产频率估计占妊娠总数的15～20％，随年龄的增长而增加。大约60～70％早期流产是由于胚胎存在染色体的异常，这样的胚胎流产之势已定，可认为是一种避免不正常的孩子出生的自然淘汰机制。其他导致流产的病理因素包括黄体功能不足，感染，宫腔畸形等。还有一部分流产征象是由碰撞、劳累等引起的。
\n![\"先兆流产是什么症状_怀孕初期流产危险时间段\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498969944259.jpg\" "\\"先兆流产是什么症状_怀孕初期流产危险时间段\\"")
流产的征兆大多先出现量少色暗的阴道出血，这是来自胚胎坏死后从子宫内膜上剥离的过程。胚胎剥离后，便成异物，子宫会收缩力图使其排出体外，因此出现逐渐加重的下腹坠痛，同时出血量也增多。根据流产过程中不同阶段的特征，医学上分为先兆流产、难免流产、不全流产和完全流产几种类型。
\n![\"先兆流产是什么症状_怀孕初期流产危险时间段\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498969569203.jpg\" "\\"先兆流产是什么症状_怀孕初期流产危险时间段\\"")
在临床中，因外伤刺激或劳累等引起的先兆流产才有保胎的必要，最好的处理方法是镇静和卧床休息，并无证据显示补充黄体酮有额外的益处。黄体酮是支持妊娠的天然孕酮，针对明确的黄体不足才真正物尽其用。对于胚胎已发生不可逆坏死的情况，注射黄体酮可能因一时的解痉作用使宫缩缓解和出血减弱，流产只是早晚的事。
\n稽留流产是一种特殊的流产形式，是指胚胎早已停止生长或死亡但尚未排出体外。除早期出血外，可伴有早孕反应消失等迹象。B超检查可见与实际孕周不符的空囊或胎心搏动缺如。死亡的胚胎长期滞留体内的危害是可能导致母体凝血功能障碍，所以一经确诊应及早清宫。
\n先兆流产是什么症状，怀孕初期流产危险时间段是什么时候，流产后又哪些注意事项的关键知识点：
\n1、约四分之一的妊娠在早孕期间有出血发生，其中一半能正常发育至分娩。
\n2、38岁前，有出血的孕妇生不正常孩子的危险性并不比无出血者大。
\n3、对先兆流产采取密切观察、适当休息和听其自然的处理方法比较可行。
\n4、尽量不要盲目保胎，最少要了解是否为宫内妊娠，胎囊是否尚有生机。
\n5、黄体酮并不能纠正所有流产，而且可能有害。
\n6、偶尔的流产不必过分担忧，如果反复流产，必须积极寻找原因：
\n6.1、激素
\n6.2、感染
\n6.3、子宫形态
\n6.4、染色体
\n7、流产后至少休息2～3个月才能再怀孕。
\n","barId":"2589","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":4199,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498969437814,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498969437814,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5332","isDel":0,"createAt":1498961320259,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"葡萄胎是什么_\t葡萄胎早期症状_葡萄胎是什么原因造成的_葡萄胎后还能生育吗","content":"
东南亚国家是葡萄胎的高发地区，那么葡萄胎是什么?葡萄胎早期症状有哪些？葡萄胎是什么原因造成的？葡萄胎后还能生育吗？
\n![\"葡萄胎是什么_\t葡萄胎早期症状_葡萄胎是什么原因造成的_葡萄胎后还能生育吗\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498962194320.jpg\" "\\"葡萄胎是什么_\t葡萄胎早期症状_葡萄胎是什么原因造成的_葡萄胎后还能生育吗\\"")
葡萄胎是指胎盘绒毛滋养细胞增生而形成水泡并相互连接成串，形似葡萄而得名。它是一种妊娠相关的良性疾病，但亦有恶变倾向。以孕次计算，葡萄胎的发生率约为0.8‰。葡萄胎的病因尚不清楚，但与高龄妊娠显著相关，而且有家族易感性和再发倾向。
\n![\"葡萄胎是什么_\t葡萄胎早期症状_葡萄胎是什么原因造成的_葡萄胎后还能生育吗\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498961323775.jpeg\" "\\"葡萄胎是什么_\t葡萄胎早期症状_葡萄胎是什么原因造成的_葡萄胎后还能生育吗\\"")
怀葡萄胎的患者妊娠呕吐往往较正常妊娠发生早，持续时间长且症状重。多数在停经3个月左右开始不规则出血，断续不止、逐渐增多，常反复大出血，有时可自然排出水泡样组织。葡萄胎迅速增长过程中，子宫急剧增大，超过正常孕周大小，且质地极软，还可伴有下腹胀痛。实验室检查可发现绒毛促性腺激素（HCG）明显增高，B超看不到胎芽、胎心，只有“漫天飞雪”的图像。
\n葡萄胎确诊后应尽快清除宫腔内容物。除密切随诊血HCG变化外，绝大多数病例不需要后续治疗，避孕1~2年后可再次妊娠。
\n![\"葡萄胎是什么_\t葡萄胎早期症状_葡萄胎是什么原因造成的_葡萄胎后还能生育吗\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498961808950.jpeg\" "\\"葡萄胎是什么_\t葡萄胎早期症状_葡萄胎是什么原因造成的_葡萄胎后还能生育吗\\"")
约15%的葡萄胎可能发生恶变，请患者注意关注以下相关危险因素：
\n1、年龄大于40岁；
\n2、葡萄胎胎排出前HCG异常升高；
\n3、子宫明显大于相应孕周；
\n4、水泡样胎块以0.3cm～0.5cm的小“葡萄”为主；
\n5、病理提示滋养细胞高度或不典型增生
\n6、葡萄胎清除后，HCG下降不满意
\n7、出现可疑转移灶（通常为肺内阴影）；
\n为了防治恶变，医生会建议上述患者和无条件随诊的妇女接受1～2个疗程的预防性化疗。
\n葡萄胎是什么?葡萄胎早期症状有哪些？葡萄胎是什么原因造成的？葡萄胎后还能生育吗知识的关键点：
\n1、孕早期出血切忌盲目保胎。
\n2、应注意观察并保留可疑的阴道流出组织物，交由医生鉴定。
\n3、术后的定期随诊，不要掉以轻心。
\n4、葡萄胎患者不宜使用宫内绝育器避孕。
\n","barId":"2589","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1375,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498961320261,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498961320261,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5330","isDel":0,"createAt":1498924119961,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"前置胎盘是什么意思_前置胎盘可以顺产吗_前置胎盘几个月最危险_前置胎盘怎么办","content":"
前置胎盘是什么意思？指胎儿栖息的子宫里，胎盘部分或全部阻挡在宫颈出口前方，构成胎儿娩出难以逾越的“门槛”，前置胎盘可以顺产吗、几个月最危险、前置胎盘怎么办？
\n正常胎盘附着于子宫体部的前后壁或侧壁。若胎盘位置低于胎头或臀，称为前置胎盘。前置胎盘的发生率约1％左右，经产妇尤其是多产妇的发病危险增加。
\n![\"前置胎盘是什么意思_前置胎盘可以顺产吗_前置胎盘几个月最危险_前置胎盘怎么办\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498924961333.jpg\" "\\"前置胎盘是什么意思_前置胎盘可以顺产吗_前置胎盘几个月最危险_前置胎盘怎么办\\"")
胎盘附着位置低主要与子宫体部内膜损伤有关，多次人工流产或剖宫产和多产及产褥感染使内膜受损，当受精卵植入时血液供应不足，为了摄取足够营养，胎盘形成过程中逐渐向子宫下段延伸。还有一种可能是受精卵进入子宫时内膜尚未准备停当，受精卵只好继续下移到子宫下段才安家落户。另外，双胎胎盘面积大和胎盘异常如副叶胎盘等也容易发生胎盘前置的问题。
\n前置胎盘根据胎盘边缘与宫颈内口的关系，分为完全性（中央性）、部分性和边缘性3种类型。妊娠晚期或临产后子宫下段逐渐拉伸，宫颈管消失或宫颈扩张时，胎盘不能相应地伸展，导致前置部分的胎盘自附着处剥离，使血窦破裂而出血。典型的症状是反复的无痛性阴道出血，初次流血一般不多，而后随子宫下段的拉伸会逐渐增多。大的中央性前置胎盘通常在孕26-28周就会出血，称为“警戒性出血”，而后出血的次数频繁且量较多，可导致母体休克和胎死宫内。
\n根据出血量的多少和孕周等情况，在保证孕妇安全的前提下可适当保胎，等待胎儿达到或尽量接近足月。如果出血多，立即行剖宫产结束妊娠或分娩是抢救母儿的唯一手段。
\n前置胎盘是什么意思_前置胎盘可以顺产吗_前置胎盘几个月最危险_前置胎盘怎么办知识的关键点：
\n1、谨慎避孕从而避免重复人工流产的重要性。
\n2、发生前置胎盘因素包括多次人流史、前次剖宫产史、产后刮宫史、多产、产妇高龄、吸烟和多胎妊娠等。
\n3、前置胎盘发生胎盘粘连或植入，输血和早产的危险性大。
\n4、发现胎盘前置避免孕期同房，前置胎盘不可以顺产，提前入院待产。
\n\n
","barId":"2589","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1543,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498924119963,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498924119963,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5324","isDel":0,"createAt":1498836663870,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"宫颈病变是什么_宫颈上皮细胞病变需警惕","content":"
一般情况下，怀胎十月间只做一次宫颈的检查，为的是宫颈脱落细胞的筛查。那么宫颈病变是什么，为什么宫颈上皮细胞病变需警惕 。
\n![\"宫颈病变是什么_宫颈上皮细胞病变需警惕\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498836740091.jpg\" "\\"宫颈病变是什么_宫颈上皮细胞病变需警惕\\"")
导致孕晚期阴道出血的宫颈病变包括宫颈炎、宫颈息肉、宫颈外翻和宫颈癌等。这些病变的检查只需用窥具轻轻地撑开阴道一看便知。
\n除宫颈癌以外的良性病变，无论先天发育异常还是慢性炎症，其实都不是怀孕后才发生的，只是在怀孕其间高涨的激素刺激下，外观变得更明显，局部血运更丰富了，于是往往在同房后可能出现少量出血的现象，这种出血往往是自限性的，不需特殊处理。如果发现有明显的宫颈息肉，可由医生在门急诊轻松地拧除。
\n宫颈癌也很少是孕期新发的，多数由于孕前忽略的高度癌前病变。一旦确诊为妊娠合并宫颈癌，需要根据癌变的程度、胎儿的孕周以及患者和家属的意愿，共同商讨终止妊娠的时机并予以进一步治疗。
\n宫颈病变是什么，为什么宫颈上皮细胞病变知识的关键点：
\n1、孕前完善宫颈病变的筛查。
\n2、孕晚期同房需注意体位和力度。
\n3、不要拒绝孕期的阴道检查。
\n","barId":"2588","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1778,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498836663871,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498836663871,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5323","isDel":0,"createAt":1498835802209,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"羊水少怎么办_\t羊水过多的原因和表现","content":"
胎儿赖以生存的宫内环境仍是一片“水世界”。羊水这东西，重要的很，那么羊水少怎么办，羊水过多的原因和表现都有哪些。
\n![\"羊水少怎么办_\t羊水过多的原因和表现\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498835828152.jpg\" "\\"羊水少怎么办_\t羊水过多的原因和表现\\"")
妊娠早期，羊水主要来自母体血清经胎膜产生的透析液。中期以后，胎儿的尿液成为羊水的主要来源，胎膜的吸收和胎儿吞咽羊水使其量达到“产销平衡”。妊娠足月时羊水量约为800毫升，超过预产期后可迅速减少。
\n羊水的功能主要是保护胎儿，首先使其能在其中自由活动，可防止胎体畸形或胎肢粘连；其次有利于保持宫内的温度恒定；第三十分重要，可避免子宫壁或胎儿压迫脐带而造成胎儿窘迫；再有分娩过程中可疏散均布宫缩的压力，避免胎儿局部受压。另外，适量的羊水可减少胎动对母体产生不适刺激，临产后羊水囊的存在还利于扩张宫颈和阴道，再者羊水对阴道和外阴的冲刷有利于减少产时感染。
\n孕期羊水量的多少主要通过B超的检测，孕中期往往只检测一处羊水最深的径线即可，孕晚期则通常以肚脐为中心，检测左右、上下4个象限的羊水深度并加和。每种方法均有其正常的上限和下限指导医生判断羊水的多少。
\n对羊水多少的关注除了本身对母儿的影响，如羊水多引起孕妇呼吸困难、进食、活动受限；羊水少引起胎动时母体疼痛和胎儿宫内窘迫外，还有一层意义是以羊水异常为线索，寻找合并其他病变的线索，以便早期诊断、对证处理。首先羊水过多或过少都可能与胎儿畸形有关；另外，妊娠期糖尿病控制不理想、母儿血型不合、急性肝炎和严重贫血等易出现羊水过多；而胎儿宫内生长受限（较平均水平明显小）或过期妊娠的情况下易合并羊水过少。
\n羊水少怎么办，羊水过多的原因和表现知识的关键点：
\n1、估算的预产期前后羊水可发生明显的减少，胎心监护的结果是决定是否人工引产。
\n2、羊水少的胎儿对宫缩的耐受力减弱，若非短时间内能够结束分娩，需要行剖宫产解救胎儿。
\n3、胎儿小加上羊水少是一种很危险的产科征象，随时有胎死宫内的可能。
\n","barId":"2588","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1548,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498835802210,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498835802210,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5316","isDel":0,"createAt":1498810031162,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"子宫收缩乏力_宫缩乏力的原因_怎样促进子宫收缩为疲软的子宫加油","content":"
当子宫接到临产的指示，便开始发动其收缩力的发动机，加大油门直到胎儿娩出。但子宫收缩乏力怎么办,了解宫缩乏力的原因,知道怎样促进子宫收缩为疲软的子宫加油?
\n![\"子宫收缩乏力_宫缩乏力的原因_怎样促进子宫收缩为疲软的子宫加油\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498810907129.jpg\" "\\"子宫收缩乏力_宫缩乏力的原因_怎样促进子宫收缩为疲软的子宫加油\\"")
产力包括子宫收缩力、腹壁肌和膈肌收缩力以及肛提肌收缩力，其中以子宫收缩力占主导。子宫的收缩具有一定的节律性，对称性和极性，间隔过长、强度过弱、极性倒置等都属于子宫收缩力异常。
\n无效的宫缩不仅不利产程，反而使产妇不能得到很好休息，进食少，精神疲惫和体力消耗，可出现疲乏无力、肠胀气和排尿困难等，进一步影响宫缩，严重时可出现脱水、酸中毒、低钾血症等。宫口开全后，如果宫缩乏力，胎头卡在耻骨联合下方过久会压迫膀胱使其组织缺血、水肿和坏死，使发生膀胱阴道瘘或尿道阴道瘘的危险增加。产后宫缩乏力影响胎盘剥离和子宫壁血窦关闭，则容易引起产后出血。软弱无力的宫缩对子宫胎盘循环的影响不大，但容易造成胎头在盆腔内旋转异常，使产程延长，增加手术机会则对胎儿不利。
\n一般较为常见的宫缩乏力属继发性，往往存在诱发因素：胎位异常或相对头盆不称，使胎头不能紧贴子宫下段或宫颈，因此不能引起反射性子宫收缩；子宫畸形或合并肌瘤影响收缩；双胎、巨大儿、羊水过多等情况使子宫壁过度膨胀不利收缩；初产妇精神过度紧张使大脑皮层功能紊乱，睡眠少，临产后进食后均可导致宫缩乏力。
\n在临床中，刺激宫缩的方法多用以下手段：灌肠、人工破膜、催产素静脉点滴和穴位针刺等。医生会根据每个产妇的个体情况选择应用。
\n子宫收缩乏力怎么办,了解宫缩乏力的原因,知道怎样促进子宫收缩知识的关键点：
\n1、产前尽量多看有关妊娠和分娩的生理知识，消除思想顾虑，缓解紧张情绪，增强信心，预防精神因素所引起的宫缩乏力。
\n2、临产多进食，定时排大小便，必要时需要灌肠或留置尿管。
\n3、貌似规律的宫缩，却不见产程进展，可以注射一次度冷丁去掉不协调的宫缩，并借机休息。
\n","barId":"2588","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1529,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498810031164,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498810031164,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5308","isDel":0,"createAt":1498697530111,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"羊水栓塞是怎么回事_羊水栓塞是怎么引起的_羊水栓塞可以完全预防是真的吗","content":"
羊水栓塞总体上是有异物进入血管，死亡率高达70-80%，是最致命的孕产妇并发症之一。那羊水栓塞是怎么回事，羊水栓塞是怎么引起的，羊水栓塞可以完全预防是真的吗
\n ![\"羊水栓塞是怎么回事_羊水栓塞是怎么引起的_羊水栓塞可以完全预防是真的吗\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498698330363.jpg\" "\\"羊水栓塞是怎么回事_羊水栓塞是怎么引起的_羊水栓塞可以完全预防是真的吗\\"")
羊水栓塞是指分娩过程中羊水进入母体血循环，引起肺栓塞、休克和弥漫性血管内凝血等一系列严重症状的综合征。羊水进入母血循环的机制尚不清楚，但下列因素相关：宫缩过腔；多胎或羊水过多造成宫腔内压力大；宫颈裂伤、子宫破裂或剖宫产术中有血管开放；死胎不下使胎膜强度减弱而渗透性显著增加；产程进展不顺利、过期妊娠、巨大儿难产等易造成胎儿缺氧而羊水粪染，使羊水刺激性增加等。
\n羊水是一种强凝物质，其中含有胎毛、胎脂、角化上皮和胎粪等成分可直接形成栓子，能迅速阻塞肺毛细血管，还反射性兴奋迷走神经引起肺血管、冠状血管和支气管痉挛，于是相继出现肺水肿呼吸衰竭和左心衰循环衰竭。
\n羊水栓塞发病突然，破膜后产妇突然烦躁不安，呛咳、呼吸困难，紫绀、心率加快，并迅速进入昏迷状态。30%以上的患者还会发生抽搐。
\n羊水栓塞的病情发展迅速，以至于没有充足的时间进行诊断性试验，通常根据典型的临床表现确立初步诊断后，便要全力以赴地投入抢救工作。处理主要是支持疗法，保持气道和静脉通常，加压给氧、纠正心衰、维持循环，并定期监测凝血功能，对症处理。
\n![\"羊水栓塞是怎么回事_羊水栓塞是怎么引起的_羊水栓塞可以完全预防是真的吗\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1498698063108.jpg\" "\\"羊水栓塞是怎么回事_羊水栓塞是怎么引起的_羊水栓塞可以完全预防是真的吗\\"")
约1/3羊水栓塞产妇猝死于发病后的半小时内，另1/3在随后的1小时内死亡，幸存的1/3病例还有可能出现凝血障碍及肾功能衰竭。
\n\n
羊水栓塞是怎么回事，羊水栓塞是怎么引起的，羊水栓塞可以完全预防是真的吗关键知识点：
\n1、羊水栓塞是无法预测的极凶险的分娩期并发症，好在其发生率只有1/20000。一旦发生，即使是在发达国家，死亡率也极高。
\n2、呼吸、循环功能得以维持是保住性命的根本。
\n3、如继发凝血功能障碍，出现难纠正的产后出血，需要当机立断地放弃子宫，一方面去除出血源，另一方面还有利于减少子宫血窦内羊水物质继续进入血循环。
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有心脏病的育龄妇女，应主动寻求孕前咨询，最好由经验丰富的心外科和产科医生共同决策能否妊娠，如果怀孕后孕妇发现有心脏病请一定认真阅读以下处理原则。
\n1、不宜妊娠的情况一旦怀孕，不可犹豫或心存侥幸，应尽早人工流产，要知道怀孕3个月后终止妊娠的危险不比继续妊娠和分娩低。
\n2、心脏病孕妇的人工流产或分娩，都必须住院并进行密切监护。
\n3、系统产前检查对合并心脏病的孕妇非常重要，不然心力衰竭的发生率和死亡率都要较规律产检者高出10倍。
\n4、合并心脏病的孕妇应注意产前检查，20周前每2周一次，20周后，尤其是32周后，每周一次。
\n5、早期心力衰竭出现如下述现象应立即入院治疗：
\n5.1、轻微活动后即胸闷、心悸、气短；
\n5.2、休息时心率超过110次/分，呼吸超过20次/分；
\n5.3、夜间常因胸闷而坐起呼吸或到窗口呼吸新鲜空气。
\n6、防治心衰的原则是：
\n6.1、避免过劳和情绪激动；
\n6.2、高蛋白、高维生素、低盐和低脂肪饮食；
\n6.3、预防上呼吸道感染；
\n6.4、纠正贫血；
\n6.5、治疗心律失常。
\n7、即便在孕期较为平顺，也应在36~38周提前住院待产。
\n8、目前术中监护技术的完善和高效广谱抗生素的应用，剖宫产已比较安全。
\n9、对有遗传倾向的心脏病，新生儿也要警惕心脏畸形。
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妊娠分娩对于有心脏病的妇女而言，风险非常高，那怀孕初期心脏不舒服怎么办，不妨看看妊娠合并心脏病这些相关知识点，做以排查。
\n妊娠合并心脏疾病的发病率为1%～4%，在孕产妇死因中却位居第二位，仅次于产后出血。妊娠、分娩和产褥期的变化显著增加心脏的负担，原有心脏疾患的孕产妇非常容易诱发心力衰竭。在合并心脏病的种类中，以先天性心脏病发病率最高，约占35~50%，临床中风湿性心脏病的发病率呈现逐年下降趋势，妊娠期高血压疾病性心脏病、围产期心肌病、病毒性心肌炎、各种心律失常和贫血性心脏病各占一定比例。
\n孕妇的血容量自怀孕第6周开始增加，32~34周达高峰，比怀孕前增加35~40%；心脏排出量到孕4~6个月时增加最多，也有30~50%之多，心脏的工作量增大，心肌会轻微肥大，心率也会加快；分娩期心脏负担进一步加重，每次宫缩时有250~500mL血液被挤入体循环，心排出量约增加24%，同时血压也增高；胎儿、胎盘娩出后，子宫突然缩小，胎盘供血中止，子宫血窦内约有500mL血突然进入体循环，同时腹腔内压力骤减，大量血液向心脏灌注，造成血液动力学急剧变化，心脏功能有缺陷的产妇难以承受；即使到了产后3天，心脏负担仍不见减轻，除子宫收缩使一部分血液进入体循环外，孕期组织间潴留的液体也开始回到体循环，上述三个时期是发生心力衰竭乃至生命危险的高危阶段。
\n先天性心脏病常见的类型主要包括房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭。如果缺损的面积很小，平时几乎没有症状或经手术矫治后心功能良好，孕前未发生过心衰，通常可顺利渡过妊娠和分娩。而如果缺损处血液分流较明显，伴有肺动脉高压，则妊娠后易发生紫绀和心衰，不宜妊娠。主动脉缩窄和较为复杂的心脏畸形，如法络四联征、艾森曼格综合征、马方综合征等，更难耐受妊娠，其母儿死亡率高达30~50%，此类妇女绝对不宜怀孕。
\n风湿性心脏病以二尖瓣狭窄和关闭不全最为常见，程度较轻且心功能良好者可在严密监护下妊娠分娩。评价心功能除了超声心动图等客观指标外，临床表现也十分重要：I级，可胜任一般体力活动，无心慌、气短等症状；II级，一般体力活动稍受限制，可有心慌、气短、疲劳等症状，但休息后可缓解；III级，活动明显受限，难以进行一般体力活动，休息时无症状；IV级，休息时亦有症状。
\n由妊娠本身引起的心脏病主要包括妊娠期高血压疾病性心脏病和围产期心肌病。前者由冠状动脉痉挛、心肌缺血引起左心衰竭，发病前常有干咳、夜间明显，易被误诊为呼吸道感染而延误诊疗时机。只要诊断处理及时得当，通常能渡过妊娠和分娩，待产后病因解除，病情自然缓解，多不遗留后遗症。后者多发生于妊娠最后3个月至产后6个月内，孕产妇既往无心血管病史而突发心肌收缩功能障碍和充血性心力衰竭，确切病因尚不清楚，可能与病毒感染、免疫、多胎妊娠、多产、高血压、营养不良和遗传因素等有关，产后可能遗留心脏扩大的后遗症。
\n妊娠合并心脏病，心功能良好则胎儿相对安全，以剖宫产终止妊娠着居多，但胎儿娩出后体循环血流动力学的急剧变化对心脏的冲击仍不可避免，发生心衰的危险仍然是存在的。
\n心脏病产妇不建议哺乳，其劳累对心脏的休息不利，应早下决心退奶。此次妊娠已发生过心衰的妇女，不宜再怀孕，即使是早孕人工流产也增加心脏负担，所以要落实避孕措施。
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糖尿病是难治性慢性病变，蚕蚀着食欲，折磨着肉体，如果与妊娠相遇，烦扰就更多。那么孕妇糖尿病的症状，孕妇糖尿病有什么危害，孕妇得糖尿病怎么治疗？
\n妊娠后，母体糖代谢的主要变化是葡萄糖需要量增加，而胎盘合成的多种激素使胰岛素发生抵抗和分泌相对不足，复杂的变化可使无糖尿病者发生妊娠期糖尿病（GDM），隐性糖尿病转为显性，或原有糖尿病病情加重。糖尿病孕妇中80%属于第一种情况，发病率大约为3%左右，近年来有升高趋势。
\n糖尿病对母儿的危害较大，以下数字值得警惕：妊娠合并糖尿病，①孕早期自然流产率增加，达15~30%；②并发妊娠期高血压病变的几率是正常妇女的3~5倍，高达50%以上；③巨大儿的发生率高达25~40%，从而难产、产道损伤和手术产的几率增加；④胎儿宫内生长受限的发生率为21%；⑤早产发生率为10~25%；⑥畸胎率为6~8%，高于非糖尿病孕妇。另外，糖尿病患者抵抗力下降，易合并感染，以泌尿系感染最常见。糖尿病孕妇容易发生酮症酸中毒，孕早期有致畸作用，孕晚期则是导致胎儿宫内缺氧和死亡以及孕产妇死亡的主要原因。还有一个重要的问题是，高血糖间接引起的高胰岛素血症对胎儿的肺泡成熟有抑制作用，新生儿出生后呼吸窘迫和窒息的发生率增加，同时低钙血症、低镁血症、低血糖和高胆红素血症等发生率都比正常妊娠的新生儿高。
\n避免或将上述并发症危险降至最低的关键是早期诊断和平稳控制血糖。妊娠期糖尿病孕妇常无明显症状，所以早期诊断需借助于糖耐量试验。50g糖为初筛，喝糖水后1小时血糖高于7.8mmol/L（140mg/dL）为异常，需进一步做75g或100g糖耐量试验，空腹和喝糖水后1、2、3小时的四次血糖中，有2次或2次以上超过正常值，即诊断为GDM。确诊后首先尝试饮食控制，根据各人体重由营养师指导孕妇每日吃多少食物合适以及如何分配进食的种类和间隔。75~80%的GDM患者仅通过饮食控制便能维持血糖在正常范围内，如果2周后血糖仍高，则需要加用胰岛素治疗。妊娠期血糖控制的目标为空腹3.3~5.6mmol/L（60~100mg/dL），三餐前3.3~5.8mmol/L（60~105mg/dL），餐后2小时4.4~6.7mmol/L（80~120mg/dL）。
\n妊娠合并糖尿病通常建议在38~40周之间终止妊娠。糖尿病本身不是剖宫产指征，但怀疑巨大儿或发现胎盘功能下降，胎儿宫内窘迫时也需考虑手术。
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孕妇糖尿病的症状，孕妇糖尿病有什么危害，孕妇得糖尿病怎么治疗知识关键点：
\n1、患糖尿病的妇女应在血糖控制正常后再怀孕。
\n2、孕24~28周的所有孕妇都应做糖耐量筛查，存在下列高危因素情况下，可提前或反复检查：
\n2.1、已有心血管病变和眼底改变的糖尿病患者不宜妊娠。
\n2.2、孕期控制血糖以胰岛素最为安全，不主张用口服降糖药。
\n3、糖尿病孕妇要学会自己监测血压、尿糖、尿酮体和胎动。
\n4、糖尿病孕妇所生“巨大儿”是“外强中干”，需保暖、吸氧、早喂糖水、早开奶，要跟早产儿一样对待。
\n5、绝大多数妊娠期糖尿病患者于产后一定时期内血糖恢复正常，但一半以上在20年内会发展为非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。
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