儿科呼吸组依托北京协和医院全面完善的检查系统，可以完成多种过敏原的检测、肺功能测定等实验室检查。
\n学科主要特色
\n1.小儿呼吸系统感染性疾病的诊治、病原微生物及细菌耐药监测。
\n2.小儿慢性咳嗽、哮喘及相关的过敏性疾病的系统诊治。
\n3.小儿呼吸系统疑难和难治性疾病诊治。
\n哮喘是呼吸道变态反应性疾病，以反复发作性呼吸困难伴喘鸣音为特征的常见病。支气管呈慢性炎症性、高反应状态。可由各种不同因素引起发作。既往认为婴幼儿支气管哮喘发病率较低，近年来通过流行病学调查表明儿科患病率以1～6岁较高，于学龄期后逐渐下降，初发年龄3岁以内者占84.8％。诱发支气管哮喘发作的原因除一些理化因素外，小儿最常见的是呼吸道感染，其中主要是病毒性感染。
\n临床表现：
\n1.常有喷嚏、流鼻水、鼻痒（过敏性鼻炎）、喉痒、咳嗽（过敏性咳嗽）等先兆症状。
\n2.可有刺激性咳嗽及白色泡沫痰。
\n3.多次屡发的呼吸困难，伴喘鸣音以夜间为重。
\n4.发作时，双肺可闻及广泛喘鸣音，部分可闻及湿性罗音，叩诊过清音。
\n5.哮喘发作时出现严重的呼吸困难，在合理应用拟交感神经药物和茶碱类药物仍不见缓解者，称为哮喘持续状态。可出现明显缺氧和二氧化碳潴留。可见出汗、青紫、面色苍白，甚至神志不清。
\n6.晚期病者，可有肺气肿和肺功能不全。
\n治疗应当规范持续，定期在专科医生指导下合理用药。不可轻易自行停药。
\n\n
我国《儿童慢性咳嗽诊断与治疗指南（试行）》主要依据咳嗽的时限而定义：咳嗽症状持续>4周称为慢性咳嗽。
\n不同年龄儿童慢性咳嗽常见原因见如下叙述。对于慢性咳嗽应引起高度重视，积极查找原因，及时给予治疗，避免不良的预后。
\n婴儿期（<1周岁） 呼吸道感染和感染后咳嗽，先天性气管、肺发育异常，胃食管反流，肺结核，其他先天性心胸异常等
\n幼儿期（1~周岁） 呼吸道感染和感染后咳嗽，上气道咳嗽综合征，咳嗽变异性哮喘，气道异物，胃食管反流，肺结核等
\n学龄前期（3~周岁） 同幼儿期病因，此外尚有支气管扩张等
\n学龄期（6周岁至青春期前） 上气道咳嗽综合征，咳嗽变异性哮喘，感染后咳嗽，肺结核，心因性咳嗽，气道异物，支气管扩张等。
\n青春期 呼吸道感染，哮喘，上气道综合症UACS，胃－食管反流与儿童咳嗽，心因性，儿童抽动症(TIC)，异物吸入和先天性呼吸道疾病。
\n转自协和医院官网
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1925,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498397776617,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498397776617,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"5237","isDel":0,"createAt":1498395999735,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":1498396082582,"updateBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","updateName":"小海螺","userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童系统性红斑狼疮临床症状","content":"
儿童系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种侵犯多个系统、多个脏器的自身免疫性疾病。遗传素质、环境因素、性激素和免疫异常与本病的发生有关。该病非传染病，不需要隔离。
\n儿童系统性红斑狼疮有哪些临床表现呢？
\n1. 全身症状：大多数患儿有发热，还会有食欲不振、乏力等。
\n2. 皮疹：典型的有蝶形红斑、盘状红斑、甲周红斑，可有全身多型性红斑，有脱发。
\n3. 粘膜：口鼻的溃疡、糜烂。
\n4. 关节、肌肉：大小关节的肿痛，肌痛，肌无力。
\n5. 肾脏：高达2/3的SLE儿童在就诊时已有肾脏受累，且程度较重。从蛋白尿、镜下血尿、管型尿至肾功能衰竭都可出现。
\n6. 心血管：常见雷诺现象，心肌炎、心包炎、心律失常等。
\n7. 呼吸系统：常见渗出性胸膜炎，也可有肺实质侵润性病变、肺不张、肺间质纤维化、肺动脉高压等。
\n8. 消化系统：可腹痛、腹泻、出血、穿孔、梗阻。少数腹膜炎、腹水。
\n9. 神经/精神系统：虽头痛、呕吐、昏迷、惊厥及精神病等严重的神经精神症状均可见到，但常常仅有慢性抑郁、判断力下降、近事遗忘等细微变化，导致学习成绩下降。
\n10. 血液系统：常见血中红细胞、白细胞、血小板减少，溶血性贫血，全身表浅淋巴结肿大，轻-中度肝脾大。有些儿童SLE病初仅表现为血小板减少。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2303,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1498395999737,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1498395999737,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4614","isDel":0,"createAt":1486643610082,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小儿肺炎会出现发热情况吗","content":"
孩子在幼儿的时候容易得肺炎，肺炎是儿科里面比较严重的。如果不能够及时的得到重视，小儿肺炎症状就会发展的比较迅速，甚至会直接影响到患儿的大脑发育，那么，小儿肺炎有哪些典型症状？
\n发热情况
\n儿童罹患肺炎时大多有发热症状，体温多在38℃以上，持续两三天时间，退热药只能使体温暂时下降一会儿，不久便又上升。儿童感冒虽然也会发热，但体温多数在38℃以下，持续时间较短，退热药的效果也较明显。
\n但同时也应该警惕不发热的小儿肺炎，宝宝患肺炎体温可能会很高，但也可能不发烧，甚至体温低于正常。发烧时间长短，也不能作为判断肺炎的依据。有的宝宝发烧仅两天就已发展为肺炎，而有的宝宝发烧一周也并不是肺炎引起的。所以但从发热并不能判断孩子是否患了肺炎，还需结合其他几方面判断。
\n咳嗽和呼吸
\n判断还是是否罹患肺炎还需看孩子有无咳、喘和呼吸是否困难。感冒和支气管炎引起的咳、喘多呈阵发性，一般不会出现呼吸困难。若咳、喘较重，静止时呼吸频率增快（即不到2个月婴儿呼吸次数≥60次/分；2-12个月婴儿≥50次/分；1-5岁幼儿≥40次/分），两侧鼻翼一张一张的，口唇发青或发紫，一旦出现上述症状，提示病情严重，不可拖延。
\n病毒性肺炎的病原体50%以上是呼吸道合胞病毒，该型肺炎占小儿肺炎住院总数的三分之一。好发于冬春季。最典型的好发年龄是6个月-3岁大。这些孩子往往起病急，先有″感冒″症状，持续时间约3天，表现发低烧（测量体温在38℃左右）、流清鼻涕水、咳嗽，约60%患儿也可不发烧。2-3天后咳嗽加重，呼吸快而浅表，每分钟可达60-100次。最突出的症状是喘、憋、呼气延长，喘鸣之声音有时不必用听诊器，只要靠近患儿就可听到，患儿非常痛苦。
\n精神状态
\n要想及时发现儿童肺炎，细心的妈妈们也应该注意孩子的精神状态。如果孩子在发热、咳嗽、喘的同时精神很好、能玩、爱笑，则提示患肺炎的可能性很小。相反，孩子精神状态不佳、口唇青紫、烦躁、哭闹或昏睡、抽风，少数患儿可出现谵语则说明孩子病得较严重，得肺炎的可能性较大。孩子在患肺炎初期既可能精神并无明显变化，也可能精神状态不佳。
\n食欲
\n得了肺炎食欲会显著下降，小儿得了肺炎，不吃东西，或一吃奶就哭闹不安。如果确诊孩子已经得了肺炎后，应继续喂奶、喂食，多喝汤类食物，如果患儿食欲减退，应少量多餐，哺乳婴儿应增加每天的喂奶次数，以增强营养与体力。
\n胸部
\n由于儿童的胸壁薄，有时不用听诊器也能听到水泡音，所以细心的家长可以在孩子安静或睡着时听听他的胸部。听儿童胸部时，要求室温在18℃以上，脱去孩子的上衣，将耳朵轻轻地贴在孩子脊柱两侧的胸壁，仔细倾听。肺炎患儿在吸气时会听到“咕噜儿”、“咕噜儿”的声音，医生称之为细小水泡音，这是肺部发炎的重要体征。
\n同时仔细观察孩子有无胸凹陷（在吸气时，两侧肋骨边缘处内陷随呼吸起伏）。如果出现此情况，则需马上送孩子去医院确诊以便及时治疗。
\n温馨提示，当孩子出现一些疾病症状时，语言上不会很全面的叙述出疾病症状，但是孩子都会出现精神状况不佳现象，甚至会情绪比较烦躁，出现哭闹不止症状，家长们要特别关注孩子的一举一动，避免肺炎病情加重，需要及时得到有效治疗。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1718,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486643610084,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486643610082,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4294","isDel":0,"createAt":1486643574896,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"宝宝肺炎什么症状 肺炎有哪些表现","content":"
我们都清楚，宝宝患上肺炎的几率比较大，这个病困扰着很多家长，因此，掌握一些宝宝肺炎的症状是很有必要的，因为说不定以后就会用得到，到时候就不会一问三不知了。想知道宝宝肺炎的早期症状以及宝宝肺炎的治疗方法吗？那就一起来看看吧。
\n宝宝肺炎什么症状
\n1.寒战、高热
\n宝宝肺炎的起病比较的急，自然病程7～10天。突然寒战、高热，体温高达39℃～40℃，头痛、全身肌肉酸软。
\n2.咳嗽、咳痰
\n早期为刺激性干咳，继而咯出白色黏液痰或带血丝痰，1～2天后，可咯出黏液血性痰、铁锈色痰、脓性痰，消散期痰量增多，痰黄而稀薄。
\n3.胸痛
\n常有剧烈胸痛，呈针刺样，随咳嗽或深呼吸而加重，可向肩或腹部放射。下叶肺炎可刺激隔胸膜引起腹痛，可被误诊为急腹症。
\n4.呼吸困难
\n因肺实变致通气不足、气体交换障碍、动脉血氧饱和度降低而出现发绀、胸痛、呼吸困难。
\n5.其他症状
\n少数有恶心、呕吐、腹胀或腹泻等胃肠道症状，重症时可出现神志模糊、烦躁、嗜睡、昏迷等。
\n如何判断孩子是否得了肺炎
\n1、一查呼吸
\n当孩子有肺炎了的时候，情况较为严重的时候，会出现咳嗽，气喘，甚至会伴有呼吸困难。呼吸困难会表现在憋气，口唇发紫。在这个情况下，孩子的病情就是已经非常的严重了，父母们也还不能再拖延了，要及时的将孩子送完正规的医院进行治疗，及时的给孩子治疗。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2151,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486643574898,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486643574896,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"4007","isDel":0,"createAt":1486643542490,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"腺病毒肺炎有哪些表现及如何诊断？","content":"
临床表现
病灶性或融合性坏死性肺浸润和支气管炎为本病主要病变。肺炎实化可占据一叶的全部，以左肺下叶最多见。肺切面上从实化区可挤压出黄白色坏死物构成的管型样物，实化以外的肺组织多有明显的气肿。镜检所见病变，以支气管炎及支气管周围炎为中心，炎症常进展成坏死，渗出物充满整个管腔，支气管周围的肺泡腔内也常有渗出物，大都为淋巴、单核细胞、浆液、纤维素，有时伴有出血，而中性白细胞则很少，肺泡壁也常见坏死。炎症区域的边缘可见支气管或肺泡上皮增生，在增生而肿大的上皮细胞核内常可见核内包涵体，其大小近似正常红细胞，境界清晰，染色偏嗜酸性或嗜两色性，其周围有一透明圈；核膜清楚，在核膜内面有少量的染色质堆积；但胞浆内无包涵体，也无多核巨细胞形成，因此，在形态学上可与麻疹病毒肺炎及肺型巨细胞包涵体病区别。此外，全身各脏器如中枢神经系统及心脏均有间质性炎症与小血管壁细胞增生反应。
根据1959～1963年北京245例经病毒学证实的3、7型婴幼儿腺病毒肺炎的分析，其临床特点可概述如下。
1、症状
（1）起病：潜伏期3～8天。一般急骤发热，往往自第1～2日起即发生39℃以上的高热，至第3～4日多呈稽留或不规则的高热；3/5以上的病病例最高体温超过40℃。
（2）呼吸系统症状：大多数病儿自起病时即有咳嗽，往往表现为频咳或轻度阵咳，同时可见咽部充血，但鼻卡他症状较不明显。呼吸困难及发绀多数开始于第3～6日，逐渐加重；重症病例出现鼻翼扇动、三凹征、喘憋（具有喘息和憋气的梗阻性呼吸困难）及口唇指甲青紫。叩诊易得浊音；浊音部位伴有呼吸音减低，有时可听到管性呼吸音。初期听诊大都先有呼吸音粗或干罗音，湿罗音于发病第3～4日后出现，日渐加多，并经常有肺气肿征象。重症病儿可有胸膜反应或胸腔积液（多见于第2周），无继发感染者渗出液为草黄色，不混浊；有继发感染时则为混浊液，其白细胞数多超过10x109/l。
（3）神经系统症状：一般于发病3～4天以后出现嗜睡、萎靡等，有时烦躁与萎靡相交替。在严重病例中晚期出现半昏迷及惊厥。部分病儿头向后仰，颈部强直。除中毒性脑病外，尚有一部腺病毒所致的脑炎，故有时需作腰穿鉴别。
小儿脑瘫影响着孩子的生子发育，所以这是很多妈妈们最关心的问题，那么小儿脑瘫的治疗方法是什么？
\n小儿脑瘫的病因：
\n早产儿：如今，由于医疗水平的提高，不少胎龄只有28周、体重在1千克以下的孩子都得到抢救成活。但是由于胎龄小，脑的发育很不成熟，所以很容易出现脑损伤。如果损伤后出现了中枢性运动障碍，就可能形成脑性瘫痪，所以早产儿的预防保健工作成为了脑瘫预防的一个重点内容。
\n新生儿窒息：新生儿窒息目前仍然是脑瘫的第2位原因，尤其是重度窒息。由于缺氧，很容易导致脑水肿和颅内出血，致使脑组织损伤。现代研究已经发现重度窒息的患儿在出生前已经存在脑损伤，由于其脑损伤的存在而导致孩子不能很顺利地娩出。所以新的观点认为：胎儿脑损伤导致新生儿窒息，窒息反过来加重新生儿脑损伤。如果在此期不进行干预，那么很可能导致永久性脑损伤，出现人们担心的脑性瘫痪症状。
\n黄疸：黄疸是大部分孩子出生后都可能经历的过程，但不是所有的黄疸都致病。一般存在以下情况应引起注意：黄疸在生后24小时内出现；重症黄疸（血清胆红素浓度高于205.2—256.5毫摩尔/升）；黄疸持续时间长（足月儿超过2周，早产儿超过4周）；黄疸退而复现。黄疸诊断为病理性后，只要及时处理，绝大多数可很快恢复正常。
\n小儿脑瘫怎么治疗
\n目前早期治疗方法采用综合康复治疗方法，主要包括物理治疗、药物治疗、推拿按摩疗法等，在专业康复机构还可以进行躯体训练疗法、康复护理等。
\n物理治疗是指利用器械训练或物理刺激的方法针对脑瘫患者的各种运动功能障碍及异常姿势进行一系列的训练，以粗大运动及下肢功能训练为主。目的是改善肢体运动功能，抑制异常姿势反射，促进正常运动功能发育。药物治疗主要选用营养脑细胞、改善脑代谢的西药，可结合舒筋通络、醒脑开窍的中药，来调节肌张力，缓解肌肉痉挛。推拿按摩疗法是根据中医的经络理论，采用循经取穴的方法进行推拿按摩，达到改善肌张力，增加关节活动度，矫正异常姿势的作用。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2057,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486643212394,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486643212393,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"3678","isDel":0,"createAt":1486643077208,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小儿感冒初期症状类型有什么？","content":"
感冒无论是对孩子还是大人来说都是比较常见的，由于这种疾病的常见性所以很多人可能会忽视了它给孩子带来的危害了，小儿感冒的发生会导致孩子有鼻塞咳嗽的症状，这样的疾病也有可能会引发孩子出现高烧，总之在孩子出现了小儿感冒的时候要及时的去应对，不要错过了治疗的最佳时机，所以我们有必要多去了解相关常识，一起来了解小儿感冒初期症状类型有什么？
\n小儿急性上呼吸道感染系由各种病原引起的上呼吸道炎症，简称上感，俗称“感冒”，是小儿最常见的疾病。该病主要侵犯鼻、鼻咽和咽部，如上呼吸道某一局部炎症特别突出，即按该炎症处命名，如急性鼻炎、急性咽炎、急性扁桃体炎等。急性上感主要用于上呼吸道局部感染定位并不确切者。鼻咽部感染常出现并发症，累及邻近器官如喉、气管、支气管、肺、口腔、鼻窦、中耳、眼及颈部淋巴结等，有时鼻咽部症状已经好转或消失，而其并发症可以迁延或加重。
\n由于年龄大小、体质强弱及病变部位的不同，病情的缓急、轻重程度也不同。年长儿症状较轻，婴幼儿则较重。
\n1.一般类型上感
\n(1)症状①局部症状鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、干咳、咽部不适和咽痛等，多于3～4天内自然痊愈。②全身症状发热、烦躁不安、头痛、全身不适、乏力等。部分患儿有食欲不振、呕吐、腹泻、腹痛等消化道症状。腹痛多为脐周阵发性疼痛，无压痛，可能为肠痉挛所致;如腹痛持续存在，多为并发急性肠系膜淋巴结炎。
\n婴幼儿起病急，全身症状为主，局部症状较轻。多有发热，体温可高达390C～400C，热程2～3天至1周左右，起病1～2天可因高热引起惊厥。年长儿以局部症状为主，全身症状较轻，可仅轻度发热。
\n(2)体征体检可见咽部充血，扁桃体肿大。有时可见下颌和颈淋巴结肿大。肺部听诊一般正常。肠道病毒感染者可见不同形态的皮疹。
\n2.两种特殊类型上感
\n(1)疱疹性咽峡炎病原体为柯萨奇A组病毒。好发于夏秋季。起病急骤，临床表现为高热、咽痛、流涎、厌食、呕吐等。体检可发现咽部充血，在咽腭弓、软腭、悬雍垂的黏膜上可见数个至十数个2～4mm大小灰白色的疱疹，周围有红晕，1～2日后破溃形成小溃疡，疱疹也可发生于口腔的其他部位。病程为1周左右。
\n(2)咽结合膜热以发热、咽炎、结膜炎为特征。病原体为腺病毒3、7型。好发于春夏季，散发或发生小流行。临床表现为高热、咽痛、眼部刺痛，有时伴消化道症状。体检发现咽部充血、可见白色点块状分泌物，周边无红晕，易于剥离;一侧或双侧滤泡性眼结合膜炎，可伴球结合膜出血;颈及耳后淋巴结增大。病程1～2周。
\n其实感冒也是可以分为很多种类型的，我们要根据孩子的症状来判断是什么类型的感冒，能够在生活当中去了解小儿感冒疾病患病症状类型是很必要的，因为对于不同的类型需要不同的治疗措施，这样才能够帮助患者早一些减轻病痛早一些远离疾病摆脱困扰，希望上面介绍的小儿感冒的这些症状类型能够给你们提供帮助。
\n","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2303,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486643077210,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486643077208,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null}],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":25,"pageNumber":1,"totalPage":1,"totalRow":7},"focus":0,"userDtos":[],"currCount":0,"lyBar":{"id":"1878","isDel":0,"createAt":1474534048000,"createBy":"sys","createName":"sys","updateAt":0,"updateBy":"","updateName":"","userId":"system","name":"儿科","type":100,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":"30fd3c4a80a111e6a97a00163e005165","provinceId":"","cityId":"","illId":null,"hospitalId":null,"keyWord":"","totleTopic":0,"barDesc":"","discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":null,"adInfo":null},"foodCouponValThan":null,"zlyTopic":{"id":"1878","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1878","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"pageTopics":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":10,"pageNumber":1,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"herfList":[],"forumUserFocusBar":{"id":null,"isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"barId":null,"barName":null,"barType":0,"webType":0,"userType":0}}