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近几天排便不通畅，去医院检查，医生说我是肛瘘，需要作手术，我想没那么严重吧，得了肛瘘如何治疗最好？可以不用手术的方法有吗？

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我得了肛瘘，有一点点排泄物，就不痛，感觉好了没有排泄物，但是里面又有一些胀痛，得了肛瘘必须要手术治疗吗？


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我是前年开始就有肛瘘这个病的，那时候检查出来就当场在医院做了手术，本来以为不会再有什么事情的了。没想到手术半年后又开始复发了，一直到现在，反反复复地痊愈又复发，对我的生活造成了很大的影响。我这个肛瘘一直反复发作要怎么办？


","barId":"1903","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1328,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":1,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1524880470973,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1524880727938,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1509170261557,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"王可可","password":"wrj123123","level":0,"nickName":"搁浅","realName":null,"signName":"总有一天你的努力会收获","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1520299822787.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"1516932689@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"14012","isDel":0,"createAt":1524879637079,"createBy":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"1516932689@qq.com","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"怎么判断是不是肛瘘","content":"

肛门旁长了包，做手术划了。但1个多月了都没好，现在没有稀便从外口排出，只有一点脓和血。但是不知道是不是肛瘘？有没有人知道怎么判断是不是肛瘘？


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肛门旁边有点痛，觉得睡觉起来明天应该就好了，但是第二天反而疼痛有点加剧，坐也不是站也不是，没办法去医院检查说是得了肛瘘，不明白这肛瘘是怎么形成的？　　

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肛瘘是一种隐私病症，一般人都不好意思说，所以存在拖延病症的状况，随着时间的拖延，会导致很多并发症的发生，如果不治疗，也会更严重，肛瘘不治会引发肛门瘙痒，导致肛门失禁，少数患者还有癌变的风险。下面找良医网带大家一起看看肛瘘不治的危害到底有哪些：

\"专家告诉您肛瘘不治疗的后果是什么\" 

1、感染流脓

如果肛瘘感染发炎的话，肛门会出现疼痛难忍的现象，溃破后脓汁刺激局部皮肤，肛门瘙痒剧烈。久而久之可使身体虚弱消瘦，精神不振，抗病能力下降。

 

2、瘘口、瘘管增加

肛瘘不及时治疗，出现多次反复发作的话，脓液可穿破管壁顺括约肌间隙蔓延而成多发性、复杂性肛瘘，不但治疗困难，而且也影响到肛门的生理功能。

 

3、癌变危险

出现肛瘘的话，不要觉得不好意思，隐私应该放在健康后面，因为肛瘘的多发性，可形成直肠阴道瘘、直肠尿道瘘和直肠膀胱瘘，危及周围脏器，并且若是多年未治或误治的老肛瘘有癌变的可能。

 

4、肛门失禁

如果放任不管，或者因隐私问题不治疗，任由肛瘘去发展，可对括约肌造成严重损伤，甚至可能造成肛门失禁等并发症。

 

找良医网温馨提示：长期不治疗，伤口会刺激细胞异变，造成恶性循环，所以，出现症状，一定要去医院就诊，切不可自己盲目治疗。

 


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\"儿童易患肛瘘的原因\"

（1） 小儿骶骨曲尚未形成，两侧坐骨结节距离较近，加之肛门内括约肌紧张度较弱，因此粪便易直接压迫肛管处齿线，肛窦粘膜擦破，易使细菌侵入致病;女孩因直肠前面有子宫，压迫直肠，与成人直肠屈曲相似。故发病低于男孩。

 

（2） 小儿常因尿布皮炎，刺激肛门周围皮肤，致使毛囊、汗腺、皮脂腺感染，形成肛门周围皮下脓肿与肛窦相通，而成肛瘘。 （3） 新生儿，尤其是男孩受母体激素失调的影响，使皮脂腺分泌亢进，引起肛门皮脂腺炎。感染形成肛周皮下脓肿与肛窦相通，而致肛瘘。

 

（4） 近年来，有人认为新生儿生理性缺乏免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白A等，免疫机能不全，因此易发生肛门感染，形成肛瘘。


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肛瘘多为肛门直肠周围脓肿溃破或切开后所遗留的慢性感染的管道，一般只有一个内口和一个外口，也有多发性的，称为复杂性肛瘘。肛瘘多不能自行愈合，因为内口持续开放，不断有粪便及细菌侵入，造成感染，使管壁纤维化，加上管壁弯曲狭窄，引流不畅。即使外口皮肤愈合也只是暂时性的，故多反复发作。脓肿破溃或切开后不能愈合，最终形成瘘管。

\"肛周脓肿是如何形成肛瘘的\"

 

①肛门直肠周围脓肿破溃或切开多在肛门外，脓液从外口流出，但原发感染多在肛窦。肛窦则是继发感染的门户，反复感染，形成瘘道。

 

②瘘道弯曲、或有窦、分支，引流不通畅，脓液潴留，反复感染，造成瘘道不易愈合。

 

③瘘道多在肛门括约肌之间通过，由于括约肌经常不断地收缩与舒张，压迫瘘道，影响脓液的排除，容易贮脓感染而难以愈合。

 

④肛门静脉回流不畅，局部经常淤血，组织营养不良，影响愈合。

 

⑤直肠内有一定的压力，将直肠感染物质如粪便、气体，可经常不断地从内口进入瘘道，刺激腔壁，继发感染后由外口排出，也是造成瘘道的原因。

 

⑥结核杆菌、放线菌等感染所形成的脓肿，克隆氏病等难以自愈而形成特殊性肛瘘。

 

⑦肛门直肠周围脓肿破溃后，脓液排出，脓腔逐渐缩小，外部破溃口和切口也缩小，腔壁形成结缔组织增生的坚硬管道壁，因而不能自然闭合。


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\"肛瘘术后发病是怎么回事\"

 

肛瘘术后发病的原因是什么？

 

①内口处理不当：绝大多数是因为内口没有找准确，或没有把感染的原发灶即内口彻底清除。

 

②肛门腺处理不当：据近年来的研究表明，肛门腺感染是肛瘘的重要病因，因此，要切除干净内口，以及内口附近有炎症的肛门腺及肛门腺导管。

 

③瘘支管及其瘘空腔清除不彻底：即在手术中没有刮干净坏死组织或清除支管，即可导致复发。

 

④内口复杂：即瘘内口二个或二个以上时，寻找内口不完全，导致复发。

 

肛瘘术后有什么注意事项？

 

①建立正常的膳食习惯 ，因肛瘘的发生与湿热有关，对于油腻饮食可以内生湿热所以不宜多吃，应多吃清淡含丰富维生素的食物，如绿豆、萝卜、冬瓜等新鲜蔬菜水果，对经久不愈的肛瘘多为虚证，饮食上多吃含蛋白质类食品，如瘦肉牛肉蘑菇等。

 

②及时治疗肛窦炎肛乳头炎， 以免发生肛管直肠周围脓肿及肛瘘。

 

③肛门灼热不适肛门下坠者 ，要及时查清原因及时治疗。

 

④防治便秘和腹泻 ，预防肛管直肠周围脓肿有重要意义。因为大便干结容易擦伤肛窦，再加上细菌侵入而感染。腹泻者多半有直肠炎和肛窦炎的存在，可使炎症进一步发展。


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肛瘘的多发性，可形成直肠阴道瘘、直肠尿道瘘和直肠膀胱瘘，危及周围脏器。并且肛瘘有恶变倾向即肛瘘能转变成癌症。肛瘘合并肛门直肠癌的病例近年来不断增多。

\"肛瘘易癌变的原因是什么呢\"

 

肛瘘癌变以黏液腺癌占大多数。一般认为癌变与长期慢性炎症的刺激有关。硬结形成，黏液分泌及疼痛常为癌变的先兆，值得人们引起高度的重视。从大量的临床资料来看，导致肛瘘癌变的原因有以下几个方面：

 

（1）长期的慢性炎症刺激：长期的炎症存在，使得脓性物以及粪便从瘘管排出，从而刺激细胞异常增生，导致恶性病变；

 

（2）细菌感染：细菌长期存在于瘘管内，特别是绿脓杆菌或结核杆菌感染，缠绵不愈，可导致癌变；

 

（3）药物刺激：长期大量地使用各种局部外用药，经常刺激局部，导致癌变。总之，肛瘘应早诊断、早治疗、防止病久癌变。


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\"肛瘘复发的因素是什么\"

瘘是肛肠病中变化最多治疗难度最大的疾病，手术是目前唯一的有效治疗手段，但许多患者在术后又复发了，到底是什么原因造成的？复发不仅是治疗失败，由于瘘管的完整性遭破坏和手术留下的瘢痕，将给再次手术增加较大难度，也将对肛门的括约功能造成严重影响。因此，分析失败原因，尽量争取一次手术成功有极其重要意义。

 

1.内口定位错误

 

内口是肛瘘的感染源，肠腔的致病菌正是从内口进入肛周才引起肛周脓肿和肛瘘的，一般位于肛门内3-4cm处的直肠和肛管交界处。外口是感染病灶的溃破口，多数在肛缘外，也有少数在肛内。肛瘘手术的成败最重要的因素在于准确定位内口和充分切开内口。

 

肛瘘外口多是显性的，内口则90%以上是隐性的。临床上寻找内口的最主要方法是从瘘管内探查或指诊触摸。由于很多肛瘘迁延日久，瘘管内反复感染形成粘连而堵塞不通，就无法通过探查和造影的方法来寻找。对于瘘管弯曲、多外口的复杂瘘同样也无法探查。如果没有一定的临床经验，没有掌握肛瘘内口的形成规律，往往在术中只切开了部分瘘管，真正的内口仍存，导致术后复发。

 

2.挂线术盲目人为制造内口

 

挂线术是中医传统疗法，也是目前临床治疗肛瘘采用的最主要方法，其原理是利用胶线的弹力收缩，慢性勒割管壁，敞开瘘管而起到治疗作用。但我们发现挂线术不仅存在痛苦大、愈合时间长、对肛门括约肌损伤重等缺点外，还有相当高的复发率。

 

无论是早期的瘘管壁全部挂线还是现在的切挂，其方法都是将胶（丝）线从肛瘘外口穿入瘘管，然后从内口拉出，收紧线的两端并结扎在一起。如果瘘管畅通，线开从内口准确拉出，瘘管壁被完整打开而获得治愈，但如果瘘管中间粘连或内口闭合，在穿线过程中就很有可能穿出管壁进入瘘管外组织，然后从人为的穿破口出来，这样，部分关键的瘘管和内口就被遗漏而没有打开，从而造成手术失败，术后复发。


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\"女性为什么不容易得肛瘘\"

 

推测性激素的影响是肛瘘发生的主要原因。在青春期，人体自身的性激素开始活跃，随即一部 分皮脂腺，特别是肛腺开始发育增殖，男青年较女性增生明显。由于肛腺分泌旺盛，若加上肛腺排 泄不畅或肛腺管阻滞，则易感染引起肛腺炎，这可解释男性青壮年为何肛瘘发病率较高。而女性肛 管导管较直，不如男性弯曲，分泌物不易淤积，所以女性肛瘘发病率较低。人到老年，与其他皮脂 腺普通萎缩的同时，肛腺也随之萎缩，故老年人肛瘘少见。

 

肛瘘的表现是怎样的？

 

括约肌间肛瘘　多为低位肛瘘，最常见约占70%为肛管周围脓肿的后果，瘘管只穿过内括约肌 ，外口常只有一个距肛缘较近约3～5cm，少数瘘管向上在直肠环肌和纵肌之间形成盲端或穿入直肠 形成高位括约肌间瘘。

 

经括约肌肛瘘　可以为低位或高位肛瘘，约占25%为坐骨直肠窝脓肿的后果，瘘管穿过内括约 肌，外括约肌浅部和深部之间，外口常有数个并有支管互相沟通，外口距肛缘较近约5cm左右，少 数瘘管向上穿过肛提肌到直肠旁结缔组织内形成骨盆直肠瘘。


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\"预防肛瘘的生活小常识\"

 

1、建立正常的膳食习惯

 

肛瘘的发生与湿热有关，对于油腻饮食，可以内生湿热，所以不宜多吃。应多吃清淡含丰富维生素的食物，如绿豆、萝卜、冬瓜等新鲜蔬菜、水果。对经久不愈的肛瘘多为虚证，饮食上多吃含蛋白质类食品，如瘦肉、牛肉、蘑菇等。

 

2、及时治疗肛窦炎、肛乳头炎

 

以免发生肛管直肠周围脓肿及肛瘘。

 

3、肛门灼热不适、肛门下坠者

 

要及时查清原因，及时治疗。

 

4、防治便秘和腹泻

 

对预防肛管直肠周围脓肿有重要意义，因为大便干结容易擦伤肛窦，再加上细菌侵入而感染。腹泻者多半有直肠炎和肛窦炎的存在，可使炎症进一步发展。

 

5、积极治疗

 

积极治疗可能会引起肛管直肠周围脓肿的全身性性病，如溃疡性结肠炎、克隆氏病等

 

6、养成良好的排便习惯

 

每日排便后坐浴保持肛门清洁，对预防感染有积极作用。


","barId":"1903","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1272,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1512786281359,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1512786281359,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507776522121,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"海绵宝宝","password":"hgs1990623110","level":0,"nickName":"张宝宝","realName":null,"signName":"找良医网","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"573253266@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":5,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"8995","isDel":0,"createAt":1512786076513,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"肛门周围皮肤上看肛瘘的具体症状","content":"

\"肛门周围皮肤上看肛瘘的具体症状\"

 

由于主要症状是从肛门周围皮肤上的疮口内不断地向外流脓和脓血，就像破房子经常漏水一样，我们的祖先就把这种病命名为“瘘”。专家总结说，肛瘘发作一般有如下症状：

 

1、流脓

 

肛瘘的初期流脓较多，色黄而稠，粪臭味重。久之，脓液逐渐减少，时有时无，稀淡如水，如果过于疲劳，则脓液增多，可有粪便流出。有时瘘管外口可暂时封闭，但不久病人又会出现发烧、局部肿痛，封闭的外口可再度穿破，待脓液流出后症状才逐渐消失。

 

2、疼痛

 

肛瘘畅通时一般无疼痛感，仅有局部坠胀感，但也有因内口较大，粪便流入管道而引起疼痛，尤其是排便或有炎症时疼痛加剧。

 

3、瘙痒

 

因脓液不断刺激肛门周围皮肤可引起肛周瘙痒症，也可伴发肛周湿疹。

 

4、全身症状

 

急性炎症期或慢性复杂性肛瘘，可伴有全身症状，如发热、贫血、消瘦和食欲不振等。


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\"预防肛裂具体的措施是怎样的\"

 

多进行体育锻炼、体育锻炼有益于血液循环，能够促进胃肠蠕动，改善不良的血液循环，从而到达预防、甚至治疗肛裂的效果。

 

预防便秘、便秘是诱发肛裂的原因之一，日常饮食中宜多食新鲜蔬菜、水果等富含纤维素和维生素的食物，多饮开水，少食辛辣刺激性食物，避免肠道干涩，大便干结，出现便秘。对顽固性便秘应尽早到医院诊治，避免引发肛裂。

 

注意孕产期保健、妇女妊娠后，子宫膨大影响痔静脉回流，易诱发肛裂，且孕期一般活动较少，引起大便干燥而诱发肛裂产后大量血液流失，肠道干枯少津便干便秘，加重或诱发肛裂。因此孕期应适当增加活动，避免久坐久立，每次便后用温水熏洗肛门局部，改善血液循环，产后宜多食一些富含津汁食物，如蜂蜜等，防止大便干燥、便秘，引起肛裂。

 

常做提肛运动、全身放松，或坐或立或卧均可，摒弃杂念，有意收缩肛门，缓慢上提，就象强忍大便一样，想象把下陷之气提至丹田，然后放松，如此反复数次至数十次不等，一般每次做30次，每天做两次。

 

自我按摩、肛裂是局部血脉瘀结的结果，按摩为我国传统健身祛病的方法之一，长强穴尾骨尖前面、为治疗肛裂首选穴位，取长强穴按摩可明显改善局部血液循环，在预防和治疗上都是很有效的。另外，平日里应该注意保暖，尤其是下身的保暖，以便保持血液通畅。


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\"肛瘘不能自愈是为什么\"

内口即感染源的入口，多在肛窦内及其附近，后正中线的两侧多见，但也可在直肠下部或肛管的任何部位。瘘管有直有弯，少数有分支。外口即脓肿溃破处或切开引流的部位，多位于肛管周围皮肤外，由于原发病灶不断经内口进入管道，加之管道迂曲行走于内、外括约肌附近，管壁由纤维组织构成，管内有肉芽组织，故经久不愈。

 

什么叫肛瘘？便秘一般单纯性肛瘘只有一个内口和一个外口，这类最多见。若外口暂时封闭，局部引流不畅，则又逐渐发生红肿，再将形成脓肿，封闭的外口可再穿破或在其他处形成另一外口。什么叫肛瘘？如此反复发作，便病变范围扩大或有时造成几个外口，与内口相通，这种肛瘘称为复杂性肛瘘，即有一个内口与多个外口。

 

肛瘘不可以自愈，其原因有哪些？

 

1、肛门部不能静养，脓腔不易粘合：排粪、排尿时，因括约肌收缩或因炎症刺激肛门括约肌，使肛门括约肌经常处于痉挛状态；

 

2、为什么肛瘘不能自愈-内口的存在：脓肿虽然破溃或已切开引流，但原发感染源如肛窦炎、或肛腺感染依然存在，肠腔内容物还可从内口继续进入瘘管；

 

3、管道多在不同高度穿过肛门括约肌，括约肌收缩阻碍脓液排出，以致引流不畅；

 

4、为什么肛瘘不能自愈-肠腔中的粪便、肠液和气体继续进入瘘管，刺激管壁，使管壁结缔组织增生变厚，管腔难以闭合；

 

5、脓腔引流不畅，或外口缩小，时闭时溃，脓液蓄积腔内，导致脓肿再发并穿破而形成新的支管或瘘道。


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\"肛瘘疼痛难忍

 

①排脓：

 

排脓是其主要症状。一般来说，新生成的瘘管排脓较多，脓汁粘稠，黄色、味臭；瘘管日久的排脓相对较少，或时有时无，稀淡如水；若脓量增加，则表示新瘘管生成。瘘管有时会暂时封闭，不排脓液，从而出现局部肿痛，体温上升，以后封闭的瘘口破溃，又排出脓液，也可从瘘口排出气体或粪便。

 

②疼痛：

 

瘘管通畅无炎症时，一般无疼痛，只有肛门局部略有肿胀感，行走时可加重，若外口封闭，瘘管存积脓液，或粪便进入瘘管，则会疼痛加重或排粪时疼痛加重，而内盲瘘则常感直肠下部和肛门部灼热不适，排粪时疼痛加重。

 

肛瘘的预防：

 

饮食要干净，如果饮食不洁就会导致腹泻的发生，很容易造成造成肛门腺感染，诱发肛瘘。

 

良好的排便习惯、防止大便干结，损伤肛管皮肤，造成感染。

 

注意肛门卫生，在排便过后可用温水清洗，保持肛门清洁。

 

及时治疗可能导致肛瘘的疾病，比如肛裂、肛周脓肿等。

 

对于油腻饮食，不宜多吃，应多吃清淡含丰富维生素的食物。如绿豆、萝卜、冬瓜等新鲜蔬菜、水果。

 

感到全身不适时，要及时去医院查清原因，及时治疗。

 

排便时不要看书看报，这样会增加排便时间，导致肛瘘的发生。

 

生活要有规律，做到早睡早起、劳逸结合、经常运动，不要长期熬夜。


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\"肛瘘复发的几率为什么如此之高\"

肛瘘是常见的肛门疾病，祖国医学称为痔漏，是肛管、直肠周围脓肿溃破切开后的后遗症，肛瘘大多是非特异性感染，少数是结核性的，其内口位于齿线附近，外口位于肛门周围皮肤上，长年不愈。很多肛瘘患者都会采取手术的方式来治疗肛瘘，但是人们发现，肛瘘手术后复发的几率也很高，肛瘘手术后，又重新复发原因有以下几个方面：

 

1、新生成的肛瘘：这种情况多是因为患者又发生了肛周脓肿的症状，从而导致了新的肛瘘的发生，给人们一种肛瘘又复发的错觉。

 

2、内口复杂：即瘘内口二个或二个以上时，寻找内口不完全，导致复发。

 

3、瘘支管及其瘘空腔清除不彻底：即在手术中没有刮干净坏死组织或清除支管，即可导致复发。

 

4、肛门腺处理不当：据近年来的研究表明，肛门腺感染是肛瘘的重要病因，因此，要切除干净内口，以及内口附近有炎症的肛门腺及肛门腺导管。

 

5、内口处理不当：绝大多数是因为内口没有找准确，或没有把感染的原发灶即内口彻底清除。

 

肛瘘是肛肠病中变化最多治疗难度最大的疾病，手术是目前唯一的有效治疗手段，但许多患者在术后又复发了，复发不仅是治疗失败，由于瘘管的完整性遭破坏和手术留下的瘢痕，将给再次手术增加较大难度，也将对肛门的括约功能造成严重影响。因此，我们在治疗肛瘘的时候，首先要了解清楚什么是肛瘘，关键是要到专业的治疗肛瘘的医院进行治疗，防止肛瘘的复发，而且也节省了治疗肛瘘的费用。


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\"得了肛瘘为什么不能自愈\"

 

1、内口的存在：脓肿虽然破溃或已切开引流，但原发感染源如肛窦炎、或肛腺感染依然存在，肠腔内容物还可从内口继续进入瘘管;

 

2、肛门部不能静养，脓腔不易粘合：排粪、排尿时，因括约肌收缩或因炎症刺激肛门括约肌，使肛门括约肌经常处于痉挛状态;

 

3、肠腔中的粪便、肠液和气体继续进入瘘管，刺激管壁，使管壁结缔组织增生变厚，管腔难以闭合;

 

4、脓腔引流不畅，或外口缩小，时闭时溃，脓液蓄积腔内，导致脓肿再发并穿破而形成新的支管或瘘道;

 

5、管道多在不同高度穿过肛门括约肌，括约肌收缩阻碍脓液排出，以致引流不畅。


","barId":"1903","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1434,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1512721676145,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1512721676145,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507776522121,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"海绵宝宝","password":"hgs1990623110","level":0,"nickName":"张宝宝","realName":null,"signName":"找良医网","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"573253266@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":5,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"8959","isDel":0,"createAt":1512721458008,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"肛瘘的具体症状有哪些","content":"

\"肛瘘的具体症状有哪些\"

 

1、疼痛：内口、外口及肛瘘管通畅时一般无疼痛。外口封闭，瘘管内分泌物引流不畅通，会引起疼痛，表现为直肠下部和肛门部灼热不适、有疼痛感。

 

2、瘙痒：由于脓液及排出物刺激，肛门部皮肤常感瘙痒。

 

3、排脓：肛门脓肿形成后，脓肿破溃或切开引流初期，脓液排出较多，多为黄色或灰白色浑浊液体，有恶臭。

 

4、硬结或疤痕：瘘管及内口反复刺激使纤维组织增生，使其管壁形成结缔组织。

 

5、全身症状：一般无全身症状，但是如果肛瘘范围较大、较深或支管较多，反复感染，则会导致便秘、排便困难以及消瘦、贫血等全身症状。


","barId":"1903","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1258,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1512721458010,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1512721458010,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507776522121,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"海绵宝宝","password":"hgs1990623110","level":0,"nickName":"张宝宝","realName":null,"signName":"找良医网","head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"573253266@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":5,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":2,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"8958","isDel":0,"createAt":1512721327510,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"痔疮和肛瘘怎么区别","content":"

\"痔疮和肛瘘怎么区别\"

 

　痔疮与肛瘘症状虽相似，但仔细观察也能较准确地分辨。

 

　1、观察分泌物及排泄物。患痔疮，一般肛门较少有分泌物，当内痔严重脱出时，有分泌物存在，但分泌物多稀薄；而肛瘘多为脓性物，伴有臭味。

 

　2、痔疮肿痛多由内痔嵌顿或炎性外痔引起，以手还纳肛内后多可缓解；而肛瘘则可见肛门红肿热痛、肛周脓肿病史。

 

　3、痔疮生长在肛门缘，与肛门紧紧相连接；而肛瘘之外口，距肛缘有一定距离，近的有1cm，远的有7~8cm，且破口鲜红或有凹陷瘢痕，按压有脓汁从瘘口流出。

 

　肛门指检是初步鉴别痔疮与肛瘘的最有效方法，痔疮摸到的是个小肉团，而肛瘘可以摸到一个条索样的东西。

 

找良医网专家认为肛门指检非常有效，因为手指弯曲灵活，可以触摸到器械触摸不到的皮肤黏膜和褶皱里。另外，手指更敏感，可以摸到一些肉眼看不出的小结节。指检能早期发现疾病，对一般的肛肠疾病尤其是直肠癌都很有意义。


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\"为什么男性患肛瘘的几率大　\"


痔疮肛瘘是常见病，人们患了肛瘘，往往误认为患了痔疮，从而忽视治疗。据临床资料显示，80% 以上的患者出现便血、瘙痒、便痛等症状时，一般凭感觉自行判断，仅凭医生的视诊和指诊来判断病情，误诊、漏诊率居高不下，成为肛肠病反复发作、久治不愈的重要原因。

 

 

肛瘘多为一般化脓性感染所致，少数为特异性感染，如结核、克隆病、溃疡性结肠炎更少见。直肠肛管外伤继发感染也可形成肛瘘，直肠肛管恶性肿瘤也可溃破成瘘管，但都少见，与一般化脓性肛瘘有明显区别。

 

有人推测性激素的影响是肛瘘发生的主要原因在青春期人体自身的性激素开始活跃，随即一部分皮脂腺，特别是肛腺开始发育增殖，男青年较女性增生明显。由于肛腺分泌旺盛，若加上肛腺排泄不畅或肛腺管阻滞，则易感染引起肛腺炎，这可解释男性青壮年为何肛瘘发病率较高。

 

而女性肛管导管较直不如男性弯曲，分泌物不易淤积，所以女性肛瘘发病率较低。人到老年，与其他皮脂腺普通萎缩的同时肛腺也随之萎缩，故老年人肛瘘少见。


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\"引起肛瘘的原因有哪些\"

一、细菌感染

 

由于肛管直肠部位是“排污”的重要通道，细菌非常容易侵入肛隐窝、肛门腺导管和肛门腺体，造成感染发病，逐渐形成脓肿，破溃而为肛瘘。

 

二、肛周脓肿

 

肛周脓肿是导致肛瘘的主要因素之一。由于粪便滞留肛隐窝，引起肛腺炎，导致肛周脓肿，患者常不予以重视，肛周脓肿破溃后，脓液排出，脓腔逐渐缩小，外部破溃口和切口也缩小，腔壁形成结缔组织增生的坚硬管道壁，即成瘘管，肛瘘由此形成。

 

三、结核杆菌、放线菌

 

感染形成脓肿，克隆氏病等难以自愈而形成特殊性肛瘘。

 

四、直肠肛门损伤、外伤

 

来自消化道的骨性异物、金属、肛表及肛门窥器检查损伤肛管直肠，细菌侵入伤口即可引起肛周脓肿，不及时治疗，都可导致肛瘘。


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女,27岁。有痔疮一年多了，脓肿切开引流19天，创口愈合的差不多了，昨天晚上肛门处突然灼痛，疼得一宿没睡，感觉火辣辣的，手脚也发烫，经常有便意，但又没有粑粑。今天大早去医院检查，肛瘘了。

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肛瘘管一个有两公分还有一个疙瘩和肛裂。发病史有10年之多、希望了解下治疗情况和费用。

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