{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1922","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1922","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:怎样预防胃溃疡复发_胃溃疡的预防方法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"怎样预防胃溃疡复发_胃溃疡的预防方法","title":"怎样预防胃溃疡复发_胃溃疡的预防方法","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"3242","isDel":0,"createAt":1486368147260,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"预防胃溃疡的五种常用方法","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486369049946.jpg\" title=\"1486369049946.jpg\" alt=\"bki-20131230155657-421478773.jpg\"/></p><p style=\";margin-bottom:0;line-height:22px;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">　　我们都知道胃溃疡是严重影响肠胃的疾病，一旦患病对于人们的消化有影响，那么有什么比较好的预防方法呢?下面为大家介绍预防胃溃疡的五种方法，供大家了解。</span></p><p style=\";line-height: 22px;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　注意饮食卫生</span></strong></p><p style=\";line-height: 22px;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">　　若不注意饮食卫生、偏食、挑食、过量进食冷饮冷食或饥饱失度，嗜好浓茶、辣椒、咖啡等刺激性食物，均可导致胃肠消化功能紊乱，不利于溃疡部位的愈合。做到一日三餐定时定量，饥饱适中，细嚼慢咽。</span></p><p style=\";line-height: 22px;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　坚持长期服药</span></strong></p><p style=\";line-height: 22px;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">　　因为胃溃疡是个慢性病，且易复发，要使其完全愈合，患者必须坚持长期服药。切忌症状稍有好转，就骤然停药，也不可朝三暮四，服用某种药物刚过几天，见病状未改善，又换另一种药。</span></p><p style=\";line-height: 22px;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　避免服用对胃粘膜有损害的药物</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin: 0 0 11px;line-height: 22px;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">　　如果因疾病需要必须服用，必须遵守医嘱，配合些其他辅助药物，或放在饭后服用，减少对胃的不良反应。</span></p><p style=\";line-height: 22px;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　避免精神紧张</span></strong></p><p style=\";margin-bottom:0;line-height:22px;background:white\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">　　胃溃疡是一种典型的心身疾病，心理因素对胃溃疡的治疗影响很大。情绪激动、精神紧张或过分忧虑对大脑皮层产生不良的刺激，使得丘脑下中枢的调节作用减弱或丧失，引起植物神经功能紊乱，不利于食物的消化和溃疡的愈合。因此，胃溃疡患者保持轻松愉快的心境，是治愈胃溃疡的关键。</span></p><p style=\";line-height: 22px;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">　　养成生活规律，注意气候变化</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin: 0 0 11px;line-height: 22px;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">　　胃溃疡患者生活一定要有规律，注意休息，生活起居要有规律。不可过分疲劳，因为过度劳累不但会影响食物的消化，还会妨碍胃溃疡部位的愈合。溃疡病发作与气候变化有一定的关系，因此溃疡患者必须注意气候变化，根据节气冷暖，及时添减衣被。</span></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1922","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1323,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486368147262,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486368147260,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"2506","isDel":0,"createAt":1486368063646,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"老年人消化性溃疡的特点及预防对策","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486368167290.jpg\" title=\"1486368167290.jpg\" alt=\"bki-20131230155657-421478773.jpg\"/></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　老年人消化性溃疡特点主要表现如下。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　1 症状不典型&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　典型的消化性溃疡会出现有规律的上腹痛。而老年人消化性溃疡的疼痛多不规律、且腹痛出现率不高，大约有1/3的老年患者会出现典型的上腹痛。老年人高位溃疡较多，疼痛可以向颈后、腰背部、胸骨后、剑突下、脐周部放散。需要与食管病变、心绞痛、胆绞痛相鉴别。有的以食欲差、恶心、呕吐、进食时有吞咽困难、体质量减轻为主要症状就诊。需与食管、胃等占位性病变相鉴别。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　2 并发症多&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　老年人消化性溃疡的并发症较多。①容易发生溃疡出血。可出现呕血及黑便，呕吐咖啡色胃内容物及排柏油样便。13%的老年患者出现消化道出血、穿孔、贫血并发症。据临床统计，50岁以上的胃溃疡患者胃出血的发生率是50岁以下者的2倍，且随着年龄的增加出血的危险性也增加。这是由于老年人常常有高血压、动脉硬化，血管脆性增加，容易出现溃疡出血。出血量大。且不易止住；②老年人消化性溃疡容易出现穿孔。突然出现剧烈腹痛、休克、急腹症等表现。老年人胃溃疡易发生穿透性溃疡，胃穿孔的发生率比青壮年溃疡者高2～3倍；③幽门梗阻的发生率高。发生幽门梗阻后因食物不能进入十二指肠，会出现腹痛、腹胀，不能进食和难以控制的呕吐等表现。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　3 愈合慢、易复发&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　老年人消化性溃疡治愈后的复发率60%～80%。即易复发、愈合慢。主要因为：①老年人消化性溃疡的溃疡面大而深，不易愈合；②与老年人吸烟有关，吸烟可导致胃及十二指肠黏膜微循环障碍。胆汁返流，致使胃及十二指肠黏膜抵抗力降低，使溃疡难以愈合；③老年人病种多而复杂，用药种类多，某些药物会刺激和损伤胃黏膜、十二指肠黏膜。如服用阿司匹林、经常使用镇痛药、降血糖药、激素、大环内酯类抗生素等，均会导致老年人的消化性溃疡易复发而难治愈。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　因此，老年人要积极提高防治消化性溃疡的认识。患消化性溃疡的老年人，在消化性溃疡的活动期要积极配合医生进行合理、有效、系统的治疗。在预防老年人消化性溃疡方面需注意如下几点。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　3.1 去除和避免诱发消化性溃疡的因素 如精神刺激、过度劳累、生活无规律，饮食不调、吸烟与酗酒等。消化性溃疡经药物治疗后达到症状缓解。溃疡愈合仍需要继续给予维持量的药物治疗1年，对预防溃疡复发有积极意义。做到生活要有规律，注意休息，按时就餐，饮食要有节制。切记暴饮暴食，做到细嚼慢咽。忌烟忌酒、不要饮用浓茶和浓咖啡等刺激性饮品。合理膳食、多食面片、面条、粥、豆浆、乳制品、豆类、肉类、青菜等刺激性小而易消化的食物，少用辛辣调味品。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　3.2 注意药物的使用 应尽量少用或不用对胃及十二指肠黏膜有刺激性的药物。如非甾体类抗炎药物、肾上腺皮质类固醇激素、促肾上腺皮质激素、利血平、抗凝剂、磺胺类药物等易致溃疡药物。如必需应用应加用保护胃黏膜的药物。抗酸药物治疗可持续到停用上述刺激性药物后，尽量采用肠溶型和小剂量间断用药法。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　3.3 幽门螺杆菌相关性消化性溃疡在应用制酸药物的同时，给予根除幽门螺杆菌的药物也是预防老年人消化性溃疡的重要环节。胃泌素瘤或多发性内分泌瘤、甲状旁腺功能亢进、Meckel憩室，Barrett食管等疾病，常常并发消化性溃疡，应予及时治疗。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　3.4 做到劳逸结合，保证充分睡眠 保持乐观情绪，解除对消化性溃疡的忧虑。经常散步，速度缓慢，全身放松，时间每次为20～30 min。特别在风景优美的环境中步行2000 m左右，可以调节中枢神经系统，可使身心愉悦，改善胃肠功能，对消除腹胀、嗳气等症状，促进溃疡愈合有一定作用。有一定锻炼基础的老年消化性溃疡患者可以慢跑、也可做医疗体操、骑自行车等。&nbsp;</span></p>","barId":"1922","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1328,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486368063648,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486368063646,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"1888","isDel":0,"createAt":1486367992888,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"老年人胃溃疡的诱发因素及预防护理方法","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img title=\"1486368769295.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486368769295.jpg\" alt=\"bki-20131230155657-421478773.jpg\" /></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　胃溃疡是指发生于胃的一种界限清楚的局限性组织缺损，可累及胃的粘膜层、粘膜下层和肌层，与胃糜烂不一样[1]。其临床特征为无规律的中上腹痛、呕血和（或）黑便、消瘦、很少发生节律性疼痛，夜间痛及反酸[2]。易并发上消化道出血、急性穿孔和幽门梗阻等并发症，常难以控制。餐后1小时后疼痛并且呈季节性，多在秋冬交替时期或开春时疼痛发作或加重。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1 老年人胃溃疡的诱发因素&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1.1 内在因素&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1.1.1 生理因素&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　老年人随着年龄不断增长，胃动脉发生硬化，胃粘膜血液供应不足发生萎缩，导致抵抗胃酸、胃蛋白酶的能力下降。同时，胃动力不足，食物滞留刺激G细胞分泌胃泌素，促进胃酸分泌。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1.1.2 遗传因素&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　现已证实，胃溃疡既受环境因素影响，又受遗传因素影响，是一种多基因遗传性疾病[1]。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1.1.3 精神性格因素&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　长期处于精神压抑，容易情绪激动、紧张、焦虑，性格内向、抑郁的老年人易患胃溃疡。当突发生活事件时，出现应激情况也会引起胃溃疡这是因为情绪感情导致迷走神经反射使胃酸分泌增多，胃运动加强，交感神经兴奋则使胃粘膜血管收缩而缺血，胃运动减弱；通过下丘脑&mdash; 垂体&mdash; 肾上腺素轴而使皮质酮释放。促进胃酸分泌并减少胃粘液分泌[3]。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1.1.4 高危人群&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　O型血的人、血液检测出抗分泌型IgA抗体、男性等胃溃疡发病率较高。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1.1.5 疾病影响&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　肺部疾病是老年人常见病，肺功能减退，一方面缺氧导致胃壁血管收缩，使胃粘膜抵抗力降低，另一方面因二氧化碳潴留促使胃壁细胞的碳酸酐酶活性亢进，胃酸分泌增加，促进胃溃疡形成，胆汁反流也是其中原因，但慢性胃炎并非是胃溃疡的病因。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1.1.6 唾液缺乏&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　唾液中含有皮肤生长因子，能促进皮肤生长，修复胃粘膜，它的缺乏可使胃粘膜发生后溃疡。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1.2 外在因素&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1.2.1 细菌影响&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　最主要的是幽门螺杆菌（HP），幽门螺杆菌首先穿过胃粘液层才能到达胃上皮细胞表面而感染宿主，HP合成大量的大量尿素酶能分解分解人类的代谢废物尿素，所产生的氨可以中和盐酸，造成一过性的低酸和高pH，使细菌细菌能顺利穿过胃粘液层到达粘膜表层，还能产生如热休克蛋白一样的监护蛋白、耐受细胞免疫保护细菌生存[4]。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1.2.2 吸烟、饮酒&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　吸烟能引起血管收缩、胃粘膜血流量减少，胃液中前列腺素含量减少，增加胃酸及胃蛋白酶的分泌，降低胰液和胆汁中的HCO3-且能加剧十二指肠液的反流，削弱胃粘膜，香烟中的尼古丁会刺激迷走神经引起胃酸分泌增加；酒精直接损伤胃粘膜，失去胃粘膜的屏障保护作用。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1.2.3 药物影响&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　长期使用非甾体类抗炎药主要是通过抑制胃粘膜前列腺素的生成及抑制溃疡的愈合作用[5]如阿司匹林，另外，消炎痛、保泰松等；糖皮质激素、利血平、红霉素等同样会引发胃溃疡。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2 老年人胃溃疡的预防和家庭护理措施&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.1 合理饮食.注意饮食卫生&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　老年人的饮食需定时定量，少食多餐。这样可以不仅可以减轻胃的负担，而且可使胃内的适量的食物中和胃酸，勿暴饮暴食或者不规则进食，破坏胃分泌的节律性，多数老年人因牙齿松动或吞咽困难不食过硬、过冷、过热食物尤其未经充分咀嚼或过于粗糙食物会加重胃黏膜损伤影响胃的消化功能和防御机能，不要进食污染或未经加热的熟食，更不能吃腐败变质的食物以免摄入大量细菌在胃内生长繁殖，从而使胃溃疡并发胃炎，不能边看书、电视边吃饭要集中注意力，营养不良的老年人要补充蛋白质如牛奶可以止血修复溃疡面的作用和维生素如食用新鲜的蔬菜水果，胃酸的缺乏会减少钙和铁的吸收则使体质虚弱的老年人易患骨质疏松和贫血等症状应多吃猪肝、豆制品。不吃辛辣刺激、油炸类的食物，戒烟戒酒，避免早晨空腹喝热茶、浓茶。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.2 养成良好的生活习惯，保持乐观态度&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　老年人要加强身体锻炼，提高体质，延缓衰老，如适量的散步、打太极等，能改善高级神经中枢和调节自主神经功能，增强胸、腹部的肌肉运动，改善胃肠道的血液循环和调整消化吸收功能，促进溃疡愈合。培养广泛的爱好如养花、练书法、绘画等，日常生活起居规律，保证足够的睡眠，避免劳累。平日里多参加集体活动，保持情绪稳定，积极乐观，心情舒畅。中医介绍寒邪犯胃可能诱发溃疡病复发。要根据气候变化，及时增减衣服，防寒保暖，尤其是要保护腹部，避免受凉[6]。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.3 药物预防&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　（1）降低胃酸药：①H2受体拮抗药（H2RA）如西咪替丁、雷尼替丁、法莫替丁。②质子泵拮抗剂（PPI）：奥美拉唑。（2）胃粘膜保护药：枸橼酸铋钾、前列腺素等。（3）促胃动力药：吗丁啉、甲氧氯普胺等。（4）三联疗法：胃粘膜保护剂+抑酸剂+抑菌药或杀菌药（枸橼酸铋钾+奥美拉唑+阿莫西林）服用中药如柴胡疏肝丸、胃得安胶囊、丁蔻理中丸等。药物在使用时要按系统、全程、联合用药的原则。一般治疗的疗程不得少于4周，最好是6～8周，不能因服数日后症状完全消失就自作主张，停止服药[5]，不得随意去到药店买药，必须遵医嘱用药，不要频繁换药，治疗一周后需做胃镜检查，如有严重者要接受手术治疗。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.4 心理护理&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　患有胃溃疡的老年人即受病痛折磨又对生活丧失信心，缺乏与他人的交流会产生孤独、忧郁低沉消极情绪，甚至因病情久治不愈而产生焦虑、烦躁。针对老年人的不同情况，家属要及时发现并采取相应措施，积极治疗并发症一旦发生出血，穿孔、幽门梗阻等情况，应及时送医院治疗。多沟通，多一点理解、关心，帮助患者早日康复。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　3 结语&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　通过对上述老年人胃溃疡的诱发因素与相关预防和护理措施的学习，希望广大老年人从自身做起，关心自己的身体健康，了解疾病预防知识，安然度过晚年的生活。&nbsp;</span></p>","barId":"1922","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1442,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486367992890,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486367992888,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"1497","isDel":0,"createAt":1486367948475,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"胃溃疡预防的方法","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><img title=\"1486368047926.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486368047926.jpg\" alt=\"bki-20131230155657-421478773.jpg\" /></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　胃溃疡在临床上是一种常见的消化道疾病，以饥饿不适、饱胀嗳气 泛酸为典型的临床症状，严重时可有呕血与黑便，该病病程长，易反复，严重影响患者的工作和生活质量。该病若不及时治疗，病情迁延进一步发展，则可导致患者出现胃穿孔、出血，甚至恶性病变等严重的并发症，危及患者生命。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　近年来随着人们生活节奏及生存环境的改变，该病的发病率呈现逐年增加的趋势，如何做好该病的预防工作已成为临床关注的焦点。笔者结合自己多年的临床工作经验，就该病如何在日常生活中做好预防工作进行浅述。以下可能引起胃溃疡的因素：&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　1吸烟&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　吸烟者比不吸烟者溃疡病发生率高2倍，吸烟影响溃疡愈合和可促进溃疡复发，其可能机制：&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　（1）吸烟可以促使胃酸和胃蛋白酶原分泌增多。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　（2）吸烟可抑制胰腺分泌HCO3-盐，从而削弱中和球部内酸性液体的能力。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　（3）吸烟可影响幽门括约肌关闭功能而导致胆汁反流，破坏胃黏膜屏障。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　（4）吸烟可使胃排空延缓和影响胃十二指肠运动功能。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　（5）吸烟可影响胃十二指肠黏膜内前列腺素合成，减少黏液量和黏膜血流量，从而降低黏膜的防御功能。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2饮食&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　酒、咖啡、浓茶、可口可乐等饮料能刺激胃酸分泌增多，易诱发溃疡病。吃精制低纤维素食物者比吃高纤维素者溃疡发病率高。有人认为多渣食物或许有促进表皮生长因子或前列腺素释放增多的作用。再者，饮食欠规律同样诱发溃疡的发生。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　3精神因素&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　长期精神紧张、焦虑或情绪波动的人易患溃疡。人在应激状态时，可能促进胃的分泌和运动功能增强，胃酸分泌增多和加速胃的排空，同时由于交感神经兴奋使胃十二指肠血管收缩，黏膜血流量下降，削弱了黏膜自身防御功能。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　4药物&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　长期口服非甾体类抗炎药约有10%～25%患者发生溃疡病，其中以胃溃疡更为多见。除药物对胃十二指肠黏膜直接刺激作用外，主要是由于这类药物抑制体内的环氧化酶活性使黏膜内前列腺素合成减少，削弱了对黏膜的保护作用。阿司匹林原物是脂溶性的，能穿透上皮细胞膜破坏黏膜屏障。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　综上所述，只要我们日常生活当中做好预防工作： 饮食三餐有规律、有节制，避免过度劳累和精神紧张，戒烟、酒，尽量少服用非甾体类抗炎药，会大大减少胃溃疡的发生。</span></p>","barId":"1922","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1374,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486367948477,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486367948475,"metaSearch":null,"rn":0,"barTitle":null,"checkcode":null,"forumUser":{"id":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1484984778320,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"小海螺","password":"yiren2921","level":0,"nickName":"小海螺78","realName":null,"signName":"开心每一天","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1484985295689.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"2276635444@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110108","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"lyTopicReply":null,"createAtStr":null,"lyBar":null,"lyTopic":null},{"id":"1004","isDel":0,"createAt":1486367889508,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"胃溃疡如何防治","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img title=\"1486368561515.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486368561515.jpg\" alt=\"u=3682830388,2000252464&amp;fm=23&amp;gp=0.jpg\" /></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　1 前言&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　溃疡病是一种常见的慢性全身性疾病，分为胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡，又叫做消化性溃疡。它之所以称之为消化性溃疡，是因为既往认为胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡是由于胃酸和胃蛋白酶对粘膜自身消化所形成的，事实上胃酸和胃蛋白酶只是溃疡形成的主要原因之一，还有其他原因可以形成溃疡病。由于胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡的病因和临床症状有许多相似之处，医生有时难以区分是胃溃疡还是十二指肠溃疡，因此往往诊断为消化性溃疡，或胃、十二指肠溃疡。如果能明确溃疡在胃或十二指肠，那就可直接诊断为胃溃疡或十二指肠溃疡。溃疡病以反复发作的节律性上腹痛为临床特点，常伴有暖气、返酸、灼热、嘈杂等感觉，甚至还有恶心、呕吐、呕血、便血。在胃肠局部有圆形、椭圆形慢性溃疡。下面笔者就溃疡形成的原因及防治浅谈下自己的看法。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　医学论文发表&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2 溃疡的形成原因&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.1 幽门螺旋杆菌感染 这种细菌的感染是引起慢性胃窦炎的主要病因，而慢性胃窦炎与消化性溃疡密切相关，多数消化性溃疡患者合并有慢性胃窦炎存在。在胃溃疡中幽门螺旋杆菌的检出率为70%～90%，在十二指肠溃病中幽门螺旋杆菌的检出率高达95%～100%。所以，凡有幽门螺旋杆菌感染的溃疡，均需抗菌药物联合治疗，才可能根治。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　医学论文发表&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.2 滥用药物 阿司匹林、消炎痛、保泰松及皮质激素类药物如强的松、地塞米松等都引发溃疡病，其中以阿司匹林尤甚。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.3 精神因素 情绪不良、精神紧张都可通过神经内分泌系统增加胃酸的分泌，又影响胃肠道黏膜的血液营养供应，而引起溃疡病。如临床上经常遇到一些青年在过度劳累、终日处于紧张状态时出现消化道溃疡甚至出血。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.4 饮食无规律 暴饮暴食或无规律饮食，都可影响胃消化功能，造成消化不良和营养不良，而营养不良可削弱胃黏膜的屏障作用，导致溃疡病的发生，并可影响黏膜的修复。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.5 嗜食零食 因为吃零食后刺激胃酸分泌，但由于摄入食物较少无需大量胃酸来帮助消化，多余的胃酸就会消化胃及十二指肠黏膜本身，造成消化性溃疡。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.6 吸烟 烟草中含有的尼古丁成分有损伤胃黏膜的作用，长期吸烟还可使胃酸分泌过多；使胆汁返流进入胃而破坏胃黏膜；抑制胰分泌HCO3，中和胃酸的能力下降；并可造成黏膜中前列腺素含量降低，而前列腺素有保护胃肠道黏膜的作用。以上这些均说明吸烟是消化性溃疡的一个重要致病因素。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.7 饮酒 酒精可刺激胃酸分泌，对胃黏膜也有直接损伤作用。有饮酒嗜好同时又经常吸烟或长期服用阿司匹林等药物者，更易发生溃疡病。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.8 遗传 溃疡病患者家庭中的再发率风险高；单卵双胞胎同时发生溃疡的几率在50%以上；在十二指肠溃疡患者中O型血较其它血型多见。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　2.9 地理环境与气候 不同地域的溃疡病发病率有所不同，据有关胃镜检查资料发现，我国消化性溃疡的地域特点是南方高于北方，城市高于农村。气候改变也是诱发溃疡病的因素之一，秋冬与冬春之交为消化性溃疡的高发时期。其它慢性疾病的影响 患肺气肿的患者，十二指肠溃疡发生率比正常人高3倍；冠心病、动脉硬化会造成胃黏膜供血不佳，可影响溃疡的愈合；肝硬化患者的消化性溃疡发生率是普通人群的2～3倍，乙肝病患者表面抗原阳性，胃溃疡发病率高达33%。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　3 胃溃疡病的种类&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　由于不同溃疡病的发病原因和发病机理不一样，所引起的溃疡病类型也不相同：&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　3.1 复合性溃疡：胃与十二指肠同时有溃疡存在的称之为复合性溃疡。多因先有十二指肠溃疡，引起幽门排空障碍而出现胃窦部涝留，继而发生胃溃疡。复合性溃疡病程较长，症状较重，且易引起出血或幽门梗阻。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　3.2 多发性溃疡：一般溃疡病例只有一个溃疡，如有2～3个同时存在的即称为多发性溃疡。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　3.3 巨大溃疡：如果溃疡直径大于2.0届米，即称为巨大溃疡。巨大演疡可并发胃后壁穿孔、胰腺受累及，常误诊为胰腺癌。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　3.4 应激性溃疡，由于外伤、大手术、颅脑部疾患、严重感染或药物等因素引起的胃肠道粘膜急性损伤、出血、糜烂和坏死而形成的溃疡。本病多于应激后10天左右发病，可发生于任何年龄，无男女差异。发病前多有外伤、大手术、严重感染等病史。常出现上消化道大出血，表现呕血、黑便，发病多突然，常无前驱征兆且不易止血。此外、可有上腹痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐、返酸等消化系统症状，但较一般胃、十二指肠溃疡病为轻。可通过胃镜检查或气钡双重朋予以确诊。治疗上徐对症处理外，应积极按疗原发病。 3.5 吻合口溃疡：又叫边缘溃疡，在胃或十二指肠手术后易发生，多位于吻合口，呈圆形成椭圆形溃疡，或单发或多发，一般在手术后2-3年发生。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　3.6 胰源性溃疡：亦称胃泌索瘤或卓。艾综合征，为胰腺&beta;细胞瘤。主要是因为胃窦部、十二指肠的G细胞增生，分泌大量的胃泌素，而引起多发性、难治性消化性溃疡。主要症状为顽固性消化性溃疡的症状，病程长达数年至数十年，亦可有暴发型。溃疡为多发性，常发生于十二指扬，亦可见于胃、食管、空回肠等。可通过胃酸测定、血清胃泌素测定、影象学检查等予以确诊。诊断明确者首选的治疗是外科手术切除。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　4 溃疡疼痛的特点&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　4.1 慢性经过，除少数发病后就医较早的患者外，多数病程已长达几年、十几年或更长时间。周期性：除少数约10-15%患者在第一次发作后不再复发，大多数反复发作，病程中出现发作期与缓解期互相交替。反映了溃疡急性活动期、逐渐愈合、形成瘢痕的溃疡周期的反复过程。发作期可达数周甚至数月，缓解期可长至数月或几年。发作频率及发作与缓解期维持时间，因患者的个体差异及溃疡的发展情况和治疗效果及巩固疗效的措施而异。发作可能与下列诱因有关：秋未或冬天发作最多，其次是春季、精神紧张、情绪波动、饮食不调或服用与发病有关的药物等，少数也可无明显诱因。节律性：溃疡疼痛与胃酸刺激有关，临床上疼痛与饮食之间具有典型规律的节律性。胃溃疡疼痛多在餐后半小时出现，持续1-2小时，逐渐消失，直至下次进餐后重复上述规律。十二指肠溃疡疼痛多在餐后2-3小时出现，持续至下次进餐，进食或服用制酸剂后完全缓解。腹痛一般在午餐或晚餐前及晚间睡前或半夜出现，空腹痛夜间痛。胃溃疡位于幽门管处或同时并存时，其疼痛节律可与十二指肠溃疡相同。当疼痛节律性发生变化时，应考虑病情发展加剧，或出现并发症。疼痛的部位：胃溃疡疼痛多位于剑突下正中或偏左，十二指肠溃疡位于上腹正中或偏右。疼痛范围一般较局限，局部有压痛。内脏疼痛定位模糊，不能以疼痛部位确定溃疡部位。若溃疡深达浆膜层或为穿透性溃疡时，疼痛因穿透部出位不同可分别放散至胸部、左上腹、右上腹或背部。疼痛的性质与程度：溃疡疼痛的程度不一，其性质视患者的痛阈和个体差异而定。可描述为饥饿样不适感、钝痛、嗳气、压迫感、灼痛或剧痛和刺痛等。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　4.2 其它：胃肠道症状及全身症状嗳气、反酸、胸骨后烧灼感、恶心、流涎、呕吐、便秘等可单独或伴疼痛出现。反酸及胸骨后烧灼感是由于贲门松弛，流涎是迷走神经兴奋增高的表现，恶心、呕吐多反映溃疡具有较高活动程度。频繁呕吐宿食，提示幽门梗阻。便秘较多见与功能紊乱有关。部分患者有失眠、多汗等植物神经紊乱症状。本病活动期可有上腹部压痛，缓解期无明显体征。胃溃疡的体征在缓解期多不明显，发作期如无并发症，可仅于上腹部疼痛区有压痛点，一般较轻。后壁穿透性溃疡在背部11～12胸椎两旁常有压痛。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　5 治疗&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　5.1 正常维持治疗：适用于反复复发，症状持久不缓解，合并存在多种危险因素或伴有并发症者。维持方法：选用甲氰咪胍400mg、雷尼替丁150mg或法莫替丁20mg，睡前一次服用；也可用硫糖铝1g，每日2次口服。正规长期维持疗法的理想时间尚难确定，多数主张至少维持1～2年，对于老年人、预期溃疡复发可产生严重后果者，可终身维持治疗。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　5.2 间歇全剂量治疗：在病人出现严重症状复发或内镜证明溃疡复发时，可给予一疗程全剂量治疗，据报道约有2/3以上病人可取得满意效果。这种方法简便易行，易为多数病人所接受。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　5.3 按需治疗：本法系在症状复发时给予短程治疗，症状消失后即停药。对有症状者，应用短程药物治疗，目的在于控制症状，而让溃疡自发愈合。事实上有相当多的消化性溃疡病人在症状消失后即自动停药。按需治疗时，虽然溃疡愈合较慢，但总的疗效与全程治疗并无明显差异。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: 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