{"countAll":0,"orderType":null,"readLevel":"0","lyTopicReq":{"id":"1937","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":null,"content":null,"barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":null,"clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"lyBarModerators":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":8,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:尿毒症吃什么食物最好_尿毒症不能吃的东西_尿毒症吃啥东西好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"尿毒症吃什么食物最好_尿毒症不能吃的东西_尿毒症吃啥东西好","title":"尿毒症吃什么食物最好_尿毒症不能吃的东西_尿毒症吃啥东西好","channels":null},"data":{"list":[{"id":"1100","isDel":0,"createAt":1486485584490,"createBy":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"茉莉花","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"肾移植术后保养注意事项","content":"

　　肾移植是一种非常严重的疾病，肾移植疾病的发生会严重影响患者的健康，所以大家都非常重视肾移植疾病，肾移植在术后非常容易复发，为了避免肾移植疾病的复发，大家一定要非常重视肾移植术后的护理措施，本文就来为大家详细的了解一下，肾移植术后如何保养？

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　　注意移植后吃、住、行

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　　吃：移植肾友通常关注是肌酐的多少，饮食问题常被肾友忽视。文献报道：高脂血症又是移植术后常见并发症之一。发生率为50%-61%。因为激素可以使肝脏的胆固醇的合成增加，环孢霉素A的移植胆固醇向胆酸转化，而影响脂质代谢，激素、环孢霉素A的剂量和术后血脂水平呈正比。高脂血症是早期动脉硬化的因子，因胆固醇水平过高，容易在血管壁上形成蜡样斑块，造成管壁增厚，变硬，阻塞，导致动脉硬化、高血压、冠心病、中风及其它心血管疾病。我们要通过合理的饮食来降低心血管的危险因素。

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　　饮食原则：优质蛋白，高维生素，低脂肪，低糖。注意副食荤素搭配，种类要多，主食粗细搭配，数量应少。少食多餐。

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　　住：移植肾友免疫功能低下，有感染的危险性。平时注意保持居室清洁，注意换气通风，空气新鲜，尽量少使用空调，使用空调者，注意空调过滤罩要每周清洗一次。流感季节或佳人有感冒者，居室可用白醋熏蒸。注意早睡早起，保证充足的睡眠，以增加重要脏器的营养，贮备蛋白质，预防并发症，卧床时肝、肾血流量较站立时要增加50%。睡觉注意衣裤要宽松，它能使肌肉放松，有助于提高睡眠质量。

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　　行：包含二方面内容，一是适当体育锻炼，维持理想体重。理想体重的标准：男：身高-105=理想体重，女：身高-110=理想体重，超过标准的20%即为肥胖，10%为超重。另一放面是出行，外出时带上足够的口服药，以保证定时定量吃药。移植肾友免疫力低，尽量避免到人多的地方去，外出时要注意防护，不要长时间暴露在阳光下，防止发生日光性皮炎和皮肤癌。

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\"20130928113801-2014794721.jpg\"   

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尿毒症是肾脏病发展的最终阶段。肾病患者发病早期如果得不到及时有效的治疗,最终就会致使病情发展到尿毒症阶段。那么尿毒症能吃什么食物?

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    1、多吃牛奶、鸡蛋、瘦肉、鱼等动物蛋白,少吃豆制品等植物蛋白,由于植物蛋白利用率低,会加重尿毒症。老年患者蛋白缺乏更为常见。肌肉萎缩,体重减轻,所需的蛋白量相对要高一些。

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    2、充足的热量才能保证人体蛋白质的贮存。假如补充不足,可导致营养不良。补充过多,可引起高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化等疾病。摄取的热量中以谷类食品为主,少吃蔗糖、果实类食品。尽量少吃脂肪,特别是动物性脂肪。

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    3、食品纤维既防止便秘,又有利于降低血清胆固醇和甘油三脂。人体天天食品纤维需要量为20克左右。食品纤维含量丰富的有薯类(土豆、红薯等)、粗粮(玉米面、高梁面、荞麦面、燕麦面等)、蔬菜、水果及硬果食品(花生、核桃等)。血透患者若天天食用270克蔬菜,就可提供20克食品纤维。

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    4、尿量少或透析次数少、血钾高的病人,必须严格控制含钾高的食品,如梨、香蕉等。有严重高血压、水肿或血钠较高者,应控制钠的摄进,天天进食盐4-5克或更少。少尿、高血压、浮肿的患者,还应严格限制饮水,天天饮水量不宜超过排出的尿量。

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尿毒症的护理措施

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    1、充分休息。尿毒症病人应保证充足的休息和良好的营养,不要从事力所不及的活动。

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    2、避免有损肾脏的化学物质。要避免含有镉、氯仿、乙烯乙二醇和四氯乙烯的用品和环境。它们一般存在于杀虫剂、汽车尾气、涂料、建筑物和家用清洁剂中。

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    3、限制含镐量高的食物。已经在一般家庭用品中发现一些化学元素与急性和慢性肾病有关联,只要仔细阅读产品的说明,多采取一些预防措施,是町以避免这些有害物质的。镉:这种稀有金属用于生产杀虫剂、橡皮轮胎以及塑料、涂料和其他产品。由于镉的工业用途很广,已经大范围地在一些食品和水中发现。

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    4、限制摄人含镉量高的食物,如由动物肝和肾制成的食物、比目鱼、蚌类、扇贝、牡蚝以及在污泥中长成的蔬菜。

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    5、确保用来喷涂和工艺用涂料、染料、瓷钠不含镉。不要使用古董的烹调用具,因为这些器具上涂有含镉制成的色素。

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    6、勿抽烟。烟对肾脏有害无益。

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    7、采用低蛋白饮食。对尿毒症患者应给予低蛋白饮食,正常成人每公斤体重需要蛋白量1—1.5克,尿毒症病人只能进食0.5克/公斤以下,以减少体内氮质代谢产物的生成和潴留。

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如何预防尿毒症

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1、增强体质

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    预防肾脏病的最主要措施,是加强身体锻炼,增强机体的抗病能力。锻炼身体的方式有多种,散步、长跑、跳舞、登山、划船、武术、气功、太极拳等,皆有利于增强体质,提高机体抵抗力,防止感染细菌病毒后免疫反应性损害的发生。

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2、预防感染

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    肾炎的发生常与上呼吸道感染等有关,常以外受风寒、风热、风湿、湿热、热毒之邪为始因。因此,要预防肾炎的发病,就应注意天气寒暖的变化,应避免阴雨天外出,避免汗出当风,涉水冒雨,穿潮湿衣服,时刻警惕外邪的侵袭。

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3、有病早治

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    皮肤的疮疖痒疹,上呼吸道感染,扁桃体炎反复发作,有发生肾炎的可能。因此,有病早治非常必要。保持下阴的清洁,勤换衣裤,可防止泌尿系感染;保持大便的通畅,定时排便,有利于代谢废物的排除。

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4、慎用肾毒药物

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    氨基糖苷类抗生素如庆大霉素、卡那霉素、链霉素以及丁胺卡那霉素、多粘菌素、四环素、万古霉素、二性霉素B、先素2号等抗生素,均有一定肾毒性,或容易引起肾损害,所以尽量不用。

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5、起居有常

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    养成良好的生活习惯,对身体健康非常重要。因为生活不规律,睡眠不充足,暴饮暴食,酒色过度,劳逸无度,均可降低人体对外邪的抵抗力,增加患病的机会。所以,日常生活中,应劳逸结合,定时作息,以维持人体阴阳平衡,气血调畅。

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\"20130928113801-2014794721.jpg\"   

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  尿毒症的护理是需要从多个方面做好的，例如尿毒症的患者如果皮肤出校搔痒，护理的时候就不能用手去搔伤皮肤而是应该采用热水去擦浴。

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    慢性肾衰竭是指各种肾脏病导致肾脏功能渐进性不可逆性减退，直至功能丧失所出现的一系列症状和代谢紊乱所组成的临床综合征，简称慢性肾衰。慢性肾衰的终末期即为人们常说的尿毒症。尿毒症不是一个独立的疾病，而是各种晚期的肾脏病共有的临床综合征，是慢性肾功能衰竭进入终末阶段时出现的一系列临床表现所组成的综合征。

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    1.卧床休息，出现烦躁不安、抽搐时防止舌咬伤，加用床挡。

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    2.给予高热量、高维生素，优质低蛋白饮食，高血压病人应限钠盐的摄入，透析治疗病人应予以优质高蛋白饮食。

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    3.呼吸有氨味者，应加强口腔护理。

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    4.皮肤搔痒，可用热水擦浴，切忌用手搔伤皮肤

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    5.病人思想负担重，使病人失去安全感和信心，护士应对病人加强解释工作，增加战胜疾病的信心，积极配合治疗和护理。

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    在上面的文章里面我们介绍了什么是尿毒症，我们知道尿毒症给患者的身体带来了严重的伤害，一旦患上了尿毒症，那么治疗起来是非常麻烦的，所以我们要做好对于尿毒症患者的护理，上文详细介绍了尿毒症的护理措施。  

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\"2620_160311113623_1.jpg\"/

　　虽然现在医学水平逐步提高，但是还有很多种疾病我们依然无法完全的治愈，而尿毒症就是其中的一种，了解尿毒症的护理措施是非常重要的，那么大家知道尿毒症的形成原因吗?下面就给大家来说说尿毒症该如何去治疗。

　　很多尿毒症的患者在药物治疗过后并没有好好的护理自己的身体，导致了病情进一步的恶化，那么在日常生活中，患者又该如何去护理自己的身体呢?下面就为大家介绍一下。

　　尿毒症的三大护理措施

\"尿毒症的三大护理措施\"

　　1、及时控制血压、血脂方面的安全隐患

　　大多数的尿毒症患者都有过相应的高血压、高血脂病史。在合理护理尿毒症的方法中，及时控制高血压、高血脂的病情是很有意义的。否则，很可能会因为这些疾病的而病情没有得到很好地控制而发生了肾脏的进一步损害，最终导致尿毒症病发。

　　2、加强随诊，以便及时控制病情

　　大多数的尿毒症患者在临床上都可以达到“痊愈”的目的，但是在实际上，该病的病情依旧没能取得完全的治愈效果。临床治愈只是在临床上得以缓解，在生活中依旧需要按照合理护理尿毒症的方法来进行合理的护理。加强随诊就是为了在病情出现反复的苗头时，即将其铲除。

　　3、树立战胜疾病的信心，鼓起生活的勇气

　　大多数患者都是因为患上感冒之后而渐渐地诱发了疾病的病情出现反复的。因此，我们一定要当心感冒和感染“偷”走我们的肾脏健康。合理的安排自己的生活，比如作息时间、饮食等等方面。在清晨时，可以根据自己的实际机体素质进行适当的锻炼。

　　以上就是尿毒症患者在治疗之后应该进行的三种护理工作了，其实有很多的尿毒症患者在治疗后没有得到很好的护理而去世，这是让人觉得十分惋惜的，那么治疗尿毒症到底有哪几种方法呢，想必大家也是想了解一下的。

　　尿毒症该如何治疗

　　1、尿毒症的治疗要先治疗高血压。

　　2、口服氧化淀粉等吸附剂，使血尿素氮下降。

　　3、口服钙剂和维生素口治疗肾性骨病。

　　4、增加铁剂和叶酸的摄入有利改善肾性贫血，必要时可应用促红细胞生成素。

　　5、应用钙离子拈抗剂，这也是尿毒症的治疗。


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\"20130928113801-2014794721.jpg\"/

毒症的胃肠道症状出现最早，带有纳差、恶心、呕吐和腹泻，口中有氨味，齿龈也常发炎，口腔粘膜溃烂出血等。神经系统可有失眠、烦躁、四肢麻木灼痛，晚期町出现嗜睡甚至抽搐、昏迷。心血管系统可出现高血压以及由心包炎及心力衰竭引起的心前区疼痛、心悸、气急、—卜腹胀痛、浮肿、不能平卧等。血液系统可出现贫血及粘膜出血现象。呼吸系统可有肺炎及胸膜炎引起的咳嗽、胸痛。尿毒症是一种非常危险的疾病，如不及时治疗常会危及生命。


由于疾病造成肾脏严重损害时，肾脏发生病变并失去净化血液的功能，废物和液体就会在体内堆积。人体就会产生各种症状，即尿毒症。引起尿毒症的原因有：慢性肾小球肾炎、慢性肾盂肾炎、肾结核、肾小动脉硬化症、泌尿道结石、前列腺肥大、膀胱癌、红斑狼疮、糖尿病等。

  1. 积极治疗

    尿毒症虽是致命的疾病，但也并不是无药可医。对无诱发因素的病例，肾功能不可逆转时，可考虑做透析治疗。透析疗法包括口服、腹膜、血液透析(人工肾)三种;口服透析治疗仅适用于轻的尿毒症患者。近年来，由于透析疗法的普遍应用，使晚期尿毒症病人有5年以卜存活并保持一定劳动力者不少。因此，透析疗法是治疗晚期尿毒症的有效方法之一。

  2. 充分休息

    尿毒症病人应保证充足的休息和良好的营养，不要从事力所不及的活动。

    避免有损肾脏的化学物质

    要避免含有镉、氯仿、乙烯乙二醇和四氯乙烯的用品和环境。它们一般存在于杀虫剂、汽车尾气、涂料、建筑物和家用清洁剂中。

  3. 限制含镐量高的食物

    已经在一般家庭用品中发现一些化学元素与急性和慢性肾病有关联，只要仔细阅读产品的说明，多采取一些预防措施，是町以避免这些有害物质的。

    镉：这种稀有金属用于生产杀虫剂、橡皮轮胎以及塑料、涂料和其他产品。由于镉的工业用途很广，已经大范围地在一些食品和水中发现。以下几点应引起注意

    限制摄人含镉量高的食物，如由动物肝和肾制成的食物、比目鱼、蚌类、扇贝、牡蚝以及在污泥中长成的蔬菜。

    确保用来喷涂和工艺用涂料、染料、瓷钠不含镉。

    不要使用古董的烹调用具，因为这些器具上涂有含镉制成的色素。

  4. 勿抽烟

    烟对肾脏有害无益。

  5. 采用低蛋白饮食

    对尿毒症患者应给予低蛋白饮食，正常成人每公斤体重需要蛋白量1—1.5克，尿毒症病人只能进食0.5克/公斤以下，以减少体内氮质代谢产物的生成和潴留。

  6. 选用蛋奶类食品

    由于进食蛋白量少，因此应尽量选用营养价值较高的鸡蛋、牛奶等动物蛋白质食物，而少用豆制品等植物蛋白。

  7. 补充水分

    根据病情供给适量的水分。

  8. 保健药膳

    糯米黄芪茶

    取糯米60克，生黄芪15克，淡竹叶30克，水煎服饮，约10剂后，即可见效。平时多多食用去皮的萝卜，对此症也大有裨益(参考肾炎的食疗方)。

    危险讯譬

    如果你有下列症状，请尽快就医：

    纳差、恶心、呕吐和腹泻。

    口中有氨味，齿龈也常发炎，口腔粘膜溃烂出血等。

    失眠、烦躁、四肢麻木灼痛，出现嗜睡甚至抽搐、昏迷。

    出现高血压以及由心包炎及心力衰竭引起的心前区疼痛、心悸、气急、上腹胀痛、浮肿、不能平卧等症状。


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\"11b2ceb2-4a8b-4172-9337-630370d190a7.jpg\"

\n

　　按内科及本系统疾病的一般护理常规执行。

\n

 

\n

　　【病情观察】

\n

　　1.体重、血压及有无体内液体潴留或不足。

\n

　　2.有无高血压脑病、心力衰竭及心包炎等病的征象。

\n

 

\n

　　【症状护理】

\n

　　1.呕吐、腹泻频繁的病人应注意水、电解质紊乱，出现有关症状时应及时通知医师。

\n

　　2.抽搐的护理：抽搐、瞻妄时应保护病人，必要时加床挡。

\n

　　3.心功能不全的护理：按心功能不全护理常规执行。

\n

 

\n

　　【一般护理】

\n

　　1.卧床休息，出现烦躁不安、抽搐时防止舌咬伤，加用床挡。

\n

　　2.给予高热量、高维生素，优质低蛋白饮食，高血压病人应限钠盐的摄入，透析治疗病人应予以优质高蛋白饮食。

\n

　　3.呼吸有氨味者，应加强口腔护理。

\n

　　4.皮肤搔痒，可用热水擦浴，切忌用手搔伤皮肤。

\n

　　5.病人思想负担重，使病人失去安全感和信心，护士应对病人加强解释工作，增加战胜疾病的信心，积极配合治疗和护理。

\n

 

\n

　　【健康指导】

\n

　　1.应避免感染、劳累、饮食无规律及损伤肾脏药物的使用等。积极治疗原发病，延缓肾功能不全的进展。

\n

　　2.指导病人根据肾功能采用合理饮食。

\n

　　3.注意保暖，防止受凉，预防继发感染。

\n

　　4.注意劳逸结合，增加机体免疫力。

\n

　　5.定期门诊复查。

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