{"type5":[],"type4":[{"id":"9534","isDel":0,"createAt":1513650514843,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"儿童肾炎饮食 父母需注意什么","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513651410755.jpg\" title=\"儿童肾炎饮食 父母需注意什么\" alt=\"儿童肾炎饮食 父母需注意什么\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肾炎一般指肾小球肾炎，是一种双侧肾脏的弥漫性、非化脓性疾病。多发生于学龄儿童，</span>6－9岁最为常见。肾炎并不是病菌引起的感染，而是由于病原体侵入人体后，引起体内产生的一系列自身免疫反应，造成肾脏损伤而致病。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">一、应低蛋白、低磷饮食</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">低蛋白和低磷饮食可以降低肾小球内高压、高灌注和高滤过状态，延缓肾小球的硬化和肾功能的减退。因此，儿童慢性肾炎病人的蛋白质摄入量要适宜，其中</span>60%以上应为优质蛋白，如蛋类、奶制品、精瘦肉、鱼肉等。低磷食物主要有藕粉、粉条、白菜、卷心菜、蛋清、芹菜、菠菜、西红柿、瓜类、甘蔗等;另外，通过限制蛋白质的摄入也可达到低磷的目的。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">二、应摄入充足的碳水化合物</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">儿童慢性肾炎病人由于限制蛋白质摄入，热能就主要由碳水化合物来供给，所以饮食中的糖类应适当提高，以满足机体对热能的需求。另外，充足的热能供给可减少蛋白质的消耗，减轻肾脏的负担，并可使摄入的少量蛋白质完全用于组织的修复与生长发育。适宜慢性肾炎病人的食物有粉皮、粉条、土豆、藕粉等。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">三、应限制钠盐的摄取入量</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">对伴有明显水肿、高血压的慢性肾炎病人应予以限盐饮食，一般要求钠盐的摄入量为每天</span>1～3g，儿童慢性肾炎患者可遵医嘱酌情增减用量。咸鱼、各种咸菜均应忌用，待水肿消退后方可逐步增加盐量;多吃含钠低的食物，如薏苡仁、大米、面粉、西葫芦、茄子、黄瓜等。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">四、适当的饮水量</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">饮水量一般不加以限制，但也不宜过多，尤其是伴有明显水肿及尿少的儿童慢性肾炎患者，所以一定要注意水的摄入量。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">五、补充维生素和铁</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">慢性肾炎病人可因病程长、食欲差、进食量少而影响维生素的摄入，因此，慢性肾炎病人应注意进食富含维生素</span>a、b族及c的食物，如新鲜蔬菜及水果，以防维生素缺乏。慢性肾炎病人常伴有贫血症状，主要是造血原料缺乏引起的，所以慢性肾炎病人还应选用一些含铁质丰富的食物，如猪肝、鸡蛋、西红柿、红枣以及绿叶蔬菜等，同时也要注意叶酸及维生素b12的补充。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">六、高钙饮食</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">儿童慢性肾炎患者多吃含钙丰富食物，如小虾米，多吃绿叶蔬菜及土豆、胡萝卜、莴苣等，避免吃含草酸多或影响钙吸收的菠菜、竹笋、芹菜、豆类，忌吃芥菜、辣椒、香料、胡椒、咖啡等。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1418,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513650514845,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513650514845,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9530","isDel":0,"createAt":1513650390882,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿肾病综合症饮食要注意什么","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513650957272.jpg\" title=\"小儿肾病综合症饮食要注意什么\" alt=\"小儿肾病综合症饮食要注意什么\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肾病综合症也是儿童肾病的一种，病发率也很高，小儿肾病综合症在饮食上我们要注意什么，有哪些限制呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">肾病专家告诉我们，目前小儿肾病综合症是儿童肾病中十分常见的类型之一。对于这种病症，我们不能忽视，需要及时的进行治疗，日常的护理也不能少，尤其是一些饮食限制要注意：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">一、水。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">专家介绍。急性肾炎、急性肾衰少尿期以及肾病综合症、慢性肾衰伴少尿浮肿患者，要控制入水量。因为喝进去排不出去，水潴留在人体内会加重水肿，也易加重高血压。在尿量增多后入水量可放宽。而尿量正常的患者入水量不限。另外，泌尿系感染患者如急性肾盂肾炎、尿道炎、膀胱炎等，除及时就诊服药外，多饮水、多排尿对病的康复是十分有利的。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">二、盐</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">专家指出，每天进食含钠的盐碱过多，容易使水潴留在人体内，诱发水肿，所以对肾性水肿患者应该控制盐碱入量，每人进盐</span>2—3克即为低盐饮食。长期无盐饮食也不科学，容易导致乏力头晕等症状。小儿肾病综合症不要暴饮暴食，不食用不洁食物。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">三、鱼、虾</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">此类食物为优质蛋白，在有过敏性疾病如过敏性紫癜，紫癜性肾炎时因怀疑异性蛋白过敏或有鱼虾过敏史者须慎用，一般是不需禁忌的。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1536,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513650390884,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513650390884,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9528","isDel":0,"createAt":1513650281403,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿肾病如何做好饮食预防","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513650678049.png\" title=\"小儿肾病如何做好饮食预防\" alt=\"小儿肾病如何做好饮食预防\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">儿童患肾病综合症，应注意休息。那么小儿肾病如何做好饮食预防？小儿肾病如何护理呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">肾病综合征大家都不陌生，肾病综合征的发病群体比较广泛，其中儿童是主要的一类人群，因为儿童处于身体发育期，所以比较容易被病菌侵袭，家长朋友要引起重视，日常生活中积极的预防，防治肾病综合征疾病侵袭孩子身体，下面介绍几种日常生活中的肾病综合征的饮食预防方法。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">肾病综合征的饮食预防方法</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">鲫鱼冬瓜汤</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">鲫鱼</span>250克，冬瓜500克。将鲫鱼洗净，去肠杂及鳃与冬瓜（去皮）同煎汤。每日2次，吃鱼饮汤。清肺利尿，消肿，适用于小儿肾病综合征急性期。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">茅根汤</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">干白茅根</span>250克，白糖25克。将于品茅根洗净后切碎，放入砂锅内，加水适量，煎汤会渣，然后加人白糖，溶化后即可饮用。以上为1日量，分2～3次当茶温热饮用，连服l～2周，直至肾病综合征痊愈。清热利尿。适用于小儿急性肾病综合征。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">瓜皮赤豆汤</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">冬瓜皮、西瓜皮、白茅根各</span>20克，玉米须15克，赤小豆200克。先把赤小豆放入砂锅内，加入温水适量，浸泡互～2小时;再把冬瓜皮、西瓜皮、白茅根、玉米须一同放入泡赤小豆的砂锅内，再加些冷水，煎沸后改用小火再煎半小时即可。以上为1日量，煎成后去渣，分作3次，温热饮用，直至水肿消退。利水，消肿。适用于小儿急性肾病综合征所致的小便不利、全身水肿。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">胡椒蛋</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">白胡椒</span>7粒，新鲜鸡蛋1个。把鸡蛋顶部，用小剪刀剪个筷子头粗细的小孔，把7粒白胡椒从小孔放人鸡蛋中，再用面粉和成面团，把鸡蛋小孔封固，用湿纸把整个鸡蛋包裹起来，放入蒸笼内蒸熟或放入碗内，隔水蒸熟即可。把蒸熟的鸡蛋去壳后，将鸡蛋胡椒一起趁热吃下，每日1次，连用10次为一疗程，休息3天后再服第二疗程，一般用3个疗程。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">如何护理</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、改善环境，预防感冒、感染等并发症。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、饮食护理：按医生的建议，一般宜清淡可口，避免过咸，蛋白类食品不用特别限制，可适当多食米饭、馒头等主食。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、皮肤护理：定时清洁，防止褥疮。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、做好病儿的心理护理。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">5、监督病儿坚持休息。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">6、注意观察病情，定期检查。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1416,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513650281405,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513650281405,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9525","isDel":0,"createAt":1513650141270,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿肾病综合症饮食应该注意什么","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513650168815.jpg\" title=\"小儿肾病综合症饮食应该注意什么\" alt=\"小儿肾病综合症饮食应该注意什么\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小孩子患上肾病需要小心护理，小编在这里告诉父母对于小儿肾病综合症的孩子如何搭配食物</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">病儿常食欲不振，不愿进食，高蛋白、高热量无法补入，故应尽量提高烹调技术，注意食物色、香、味，减少食物容量，提高质量，以达到肾病营养疗法的要求。要维持身体有足够的热能以恢复体质，可供给高碳水化合物，除米、面外可多吃蜜饯或葡萄糖。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">为补充失去的蛋白质和维持生长发育需要，蛋白质应按每千克体重</span>3~5克供给，动物蛋白质和植物蛋白质比例以各半为宜。脂肪宜从菜油、麦淇淋等植物类食品中吸取。水果和蔬菜一类食物中有果胶和纤维素，长期应用有降低胆固醇的作用。膳食中所需盐量</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、限制钠及水分。消除水肿，须限制钠及水分。应根据病情给予低盐、无盐或少钠饮食。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、低蛋白质饮食。减轻肾脏负担。低蛋白质饮食时间不宜过长，以防止发生贫血。可适当选用优质蛋白，如鸡蛋、牛奶、瘦肉、鱼等;忌用豆类及其制品。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、多选食呈碱性食品。患急性肾小球肾炎时尿液偏酸，食物酸碱性可调节尿液ph。供给呈碱性食物，使尿液近中性，有利于治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、适量供给热能。严重者需要卧床休息，降低热能消耗，活动减少可使食欲降低，所以每天供给小儿肾病的饮食热能不必过高。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">5、小儿肾病的饮食供给足够维生素。多用新鲜的绿叶蔬菜及水果。新鲜蔬菜能增进食欲，除非是在少尿期须限制钾需要和严格限制蔬菜。否则，应多供给时鲜蔬菜。恢复期可多供给山药、红枣、桂圆、莲子、银耳等有滋补作用的食物。b族维生素、维生素a、维生素c和叶酸、铁等营养素，均有利于肾功能恢复及预防贫血，应足量补充</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">6、小儿肾病的饮食足量碳水化合物和适量脂肪。饮食热能大部分由碳水化合物供给。补充足够碳水化合物，以防止热能不足，由食物供给的少量蛋白质完全用于组织修复和生长发育。宜增添粉皮、甜点心、凉粉等。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1311,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513650141272,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513650141272,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"7367","isDel":0,"createAt":1510367210056,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":1522741836170,"updateBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"梅油油","userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿肾病如何做好饮食预防","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　肾病综合征大家都不陌生，肾病综合征的发病群体比较广泛，其中儿童是主要的一类人群，因为儿童处于身体发育期，所以比较容易被病菌侵袭，家长朋友要引起重视，日常生活中积极的预防，防治肾病综合征疾病侵袭孩子身体，下面介绍几种日常生活中的<strong>肾病综合征的饮食</strong>预防方法。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　肾病综合征的饮食预防方法</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510367560639.png\" title=\"小儿肾病如何做好饮食预防\" alt=\"小儿肾病如何做好饮食预防\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　鲫鱼冬瓜汤</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　鲫鱼</span>250克，冬瓜500克。将鲫鱼洗净，去肠杂及鳃与冬瓜（去皮）同煎汤。每日2次，吃鱼饮汤。清肺利尿，消肿，适用于小儿肾病综合征急性期。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510367569601.jpeg\" title=\"小儿肾病如何做好饮食预防\" alt=\"小儿肾病如何做好饮食预防\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　茅根汤</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　干白茅根</span>250克，白糖25克。将于品茅根洗净后切碎，放入砂锅内，加水适量，煎汤会渣，然后加人白糖，溶化后即可饮用。以上为1日量，分2～3次当茶温热饮用，连服l～2周，直至肾病综合征痊愈。清热利尿。适用于小儿急性肾病综合征。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510368020088.jpg\" title=\"小儿肾病如何做好饮食预防\" alt=\"小儿肾病如何做好饮食预防\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　瓜皮赤豆汤</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　冬瓜皮、西瓜皮、白茅根各</span>20克，玉米须15克，赤小豆200克。先把赤小豆放入砂锅内，加入温水适量，浸泡互～2小时;再把冬瓜皮、西瓜皮、白茅根、玉米须一同放入泡赤小豆的砂锅内，再加些冷水，煎沸后改用小火再煎半小时即可。以上为1日量，煎成后去渣，分作3次，温热饮用，直至水肿消退。利水，消肿。适用于小儿急性肾病综合征所致的小便不利、全身水肿。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1983,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1510367210058,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1510367210058,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type3":[{"id":"13534","isDel":0,"createAt":1523167983975,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"韩国新生儿集体死因查明","content":"<p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px;\">韩国新生儿集体死亡原因：多人被注射同一瓶受污染药剂</span><br/></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">当地时间</span>2017年12月17日，韩国首尔，在首尔梨大木洞医院，院长郑惠媛召开记者会，就该院发生4名婴儿同日死亡事件向遗属道歉。 </span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1523168759384.jpg\" title=\"韩国新生儿集体死因查明\" alt=\"韩国新生儿集体死因查明\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">去年</span>12月16日韩国一家医院4名新生儿接连死亡事件的原因日前被查明。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">据韩联社</span>4月6日报道，造成去年12月16日晚梨花女子大学木洞医院4名新生儿接连死亡事件的确切原因是医护人员使用同一瓶脂肪乳剂向多名患者注射，而且该违规注射是1993年建院以来的惯例。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">首尔地方警察厅</span>6日表示，已查明该院新生儿重症监护病房的主任赵某等4名医生和护士长A某等3名护士犯有业务过失致死罪，10日会将其移送检方。警方和卫生部门认定，新生儿死亡前日注射的SMOFlipid脂肪乳剂受到弗氏柠檬酸杆菌污染，病菌是在护士配药过程中产生的，只要遵守一瓶药水只注射一人的规定，就不至于造成4人同天死亡。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">医院前主任朴某教授</span>1993年起在重症病房工作，朴某每周只在医保报销范围内给每名患儿开2瓶脂肪乳剂，但对无法进食的新生儿来说，脂肪乳剂是唯一营养源，必须天天注射，于是护士们只能将同一瓶药分给多名婴儿注射。尽管次年报销范围扩大，该院仍以未接到通知为由继续违规注射，2008年赴任的赵某对此持默许态度。2010年，该院为获得国际医疗卫生机构认证开始规范注射行为，朴某和赵某也开始为患者开具每人每天一瓶的处方，但却没有通知护士们实情，而且按照每天一瓶的标准申请报销。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">该院护士</span>5年前开始在注射几个小时前配药，药剂启封数小时内被细菌污染的风险很高，而有义务进行感染防控培训的护士长A某却对此熟视无睹。持续25年的注射恶习最终酿成这起悲剧。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">此前据海外网援引韩媒报道，</span>4名新生儿在去年12月16日晚9点31分到10点53分之间在这座医院的重症监护病房里死亡。家属声称，4名婴儿都出现了腹部肿胀，呼吸困难的情况。而医生与护士在接受调查时称，并不知道婴儿突然死亡的原因。当时ICU病房里共有16名婴儿，4名婴儿死亡后，其余婴儿被先后转移到其他医院，还有一名婴儿已出院。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1600,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1523167983976,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1523167983976,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"8531","isDel":0,"createAt":1512095262403,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"孩子患肾病 父母必知这些事","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512095563162.jpg\" title=\"孩子患肾病 父母必知这些事\" alt=\"孩子患肾病 父母必知这些事\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">小儿肾病以原发性为多见，主要病变为肾小球基底膜通透性增高，临床常表现为大量的蛋白尿、低蛋白血症、高胆固醇血症、全身明显凹陷性水肿及肾功能异常等一系列症状。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　在治疗小儿肾病的过程中，多采用休息、营养、维持水电介质平衡、预防感染及利尿消肿等综合措施，其中用药则以激素疗法最为重要。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　孩子患上肾病</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">父母需要知道哪些事</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1、不要太由着孩子</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　虽然是对生病的孩子我们要给于更多的关爱，但是孩子的自我约束能力差，好奇心又重，从医院回到家会感到很新鲜，容易玩得过累，睡眠不足，家长要特别注意安排好孩子的作息时间，尽量得到充分的休息。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2、注意孩子的饮食，患儿不宜吃多盐食物</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　饮食要注意少盐，对血压还没有降到正常的孩子，这点十分重要。但饭菜无盐又会影响食欲，宜用低盐饮食。在浮肿和高血压消失后，才可改进普通饮食，但也要清淡，不可过咸。馒头和苏打饼干中也含有钠，最好不要给孩子吃。可以让孩子吃一些新鲜蔬菜和水果，以补充体内维生素。注意不要让孩子挑食，做到营养均衡。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3、小孩衣服不宜久穿不换</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　感染常是诱使肾病复发的原因。经常洗澡换衣，保持皮肤清洁，可防止皮肤感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　4、患儿不宜去公共场所</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　要保持室内空气新鲜，尽量不带孩子去商店、影院等公共场所。注意根据气候变化增减衣服，预防感冒。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　5、父母应做好心理帮助</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　帮助孩子勇敢的面对未来的生活，学会如何正视自己，树立正确的人生价值观。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　6、不宜随便减量或停药</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　治疗肾病，大都需要服用激素类药物。服用激素的病孩，一定要在医生的指导下，随病情好转，逐渐减量直至停药。家长要督促孩子按时按量服药，切不可随意减量和停药，以免造成病情反复。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1365,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1512095262409,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1512095262409,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"8530","isDel":0,"createAt":1512095147699,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"不要乱用解热镇痛药 当心孩子患上肾病","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512095188673.jpg\" title=\"不要乱用解热镇痛药 当心孩子患上肾病\" alt=\"不要乱用解热镇痛药 当心孩子患上肾病\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">孩子感冒发烧，如果不是很严重，一般家长都会自己给孩子吃药就解决了。但是乱用解热镇痛的药物，就要当心孩子患上肾病。一些药物对于肾是有危害作用的，所以用药之前就要注意。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">孩子感冒发烧，本很常见，但有多少家长认识到，有的解热镇痛药对儿童副作用很大，有的抗生素带有较强肾毒性，还有的中草药可引起肝肾损伤，一旦乱用会给孩子带来不可逆的肾脏疾病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　专家表示，家长如果发现孩子长期尿频、尿急或是眼皮浮肿，应提高警惕，及时带孩子到医院做进一步检查。急性肾炎和肾病综合征是儿童最常见的肾病，但只要早期诊治，治疗效果比成人好。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　儿童急性肾损伤发病率被低估</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　在日前的世界肾病日科普宣传中，国家肾脏病临床研究中心副主任、南方医院肾内科副主任梁敏教授向记者介绍，目前关于儿童肾脏病发病率的数据仍然有限，而且各项研究报道存在较大差别。据报道儿童慢性肾脏病（</span>CKD）的患病率非常低，约每百万人15.0～74.7。儿童急性肾损伤（AKI）发病率的研究结果差异也非常大，从8%到89%。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　“最近，我们牵头组织完成了‘中国住院患者急性肾损伤流行病学调查’”，梁敏说，初步结果显示住院患儿急性肾损伤的发病率约为18%。由此看来，过去对我国儿童急性肾损伤的发病率和疾病负担被严重低估了。而且存在对急性肾损伤的认识不足，在临床中的部分急性肾损伤被漏诊。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　因此，公众特别是医务人员应重新认识儿童急性肾损伤，全面提高对这种疾病的诊断和防治水平。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　有的成年患者孩童期已埋下祸根</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　儿童肾脏疾病影响深远。梁敏指出，儿童时期的肾脏病变可能导致成年后的慢性肾脏病，未能良好控制的肾脏病有逐渐进展至肾功能衰竭的风险。大量的数据表明，成年人的高血压、蛋白尿及慢性肾脏病在儿童时期就已经存在，有些甚至早在宫内及围产期就已存在。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　广州中医药大学第一附属医院肾病科主任汤水福也谈到，成人肾脏病跟孩童时期有密切的关系，从一些成人肾病患者身上发现，很多人在孩童时期就已埋下病根。所以，儿童时期的肾脏病需要积极妥善的治疗，并在儿童的成长过程中密切观察和随访。汤水福指出，</span>“在小的时候发现的肾病，及时治疗，到成年时候病情就会轻很多。”因为孩子的恢复能力比成年人强。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　汤水福还强调，家长们尤其是有家族史的，应关注孩子的肾脏健康，从儿童时期就应该尽早筛查、诊断和治疗，平时多注意尿形状是否发生改变，眼皮浮肿、尿颜色异常、泡沫尿、不明原因的乏力、贫血等都可能是慢性肾脏病的表现。小儿肾病，不同于感冒、发烧在儿童中那么常见，但是，确实是对孩子危害极大的疾病之一。部分小儿肾病的病情隐匿，不容易被发现，如果家长没有足够的重视，孩子往往被检查出来的时候可能已经到了慢性肾衰竭的阶段了。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　注意庆大霉素等肾毒性药物</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　不同于成人慢性肾脏病，儿童慢性肾脏病的主要病因是先天性及遗传性异常。到目前为止，已经发现了超过</span>150个能调节肾脏发育或是特异性调节小球、小管功能的基因。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　梁敏介绍，除了先天性的，还有一部分患儿是非肾脏病的并发症造成的继发性肾损伤。一些传染性疾病可能导致肾脏受累，并促进患儿死亡。各类原发、继发性肾小球肾炎也是影响儿童肾脏健康的重要原因。我们通过对肾组织病理分析，发现儿童最常见的肾小球肾炎是微小病变性肾病，其次是过敏性紫癜性肾炎和</span>IgA肾病。儿童急性肾损伤的主要危险因素包括：小儿肺炎、先天性心脏病、心脏大手术、原发性肾小球肾炎、新生儿窒息及低出生体重等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　此外，一些药物也会引起急性肾损伤。临床可以见到各种用药使用不当或用药过量而</span>“伤肾”的小病患。不少家长喜欢在小孩生病时自己用药，比如抗生素自购自用也较普遍，殊不知小儿肾脏的发育还不健全，其功能与成人有异，一些肾毒性药物如果用的时间稍长或量稍大，就有可能造成小儿急性肾功能损伤，在宝宝长大成人后，容易发展为慢性肾脏病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　据介绍，最常见的肾毒性药物有：氨基糖苷类抗生素（如庆大霉素）、非甾体抗炎药（解热镇痛药）、抗肿瘤药物、利尿剂等。一些中药材也被证明有肾毒性，它们包括含有马兜铃酸成分的中药，例如关木通、天仙藤、广防己、青木香，以及甘露消毒丸、龙胆泻肝丸、排石冲剂等中成药。雷公藤制剂可引起肝、肾、血液系统和生殖系统等损害，禁止给儿童使用。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　早期诊断预防，切忌疏忽大意</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　以前大家很忽视幼儿尿常规的检查，建议能把尿试纸筛查作为幼儿保健或者孩子入托、入学的必查项目之一，一旦出现异常，需尿常规检查，仍有异常进一步做血液学、肾脏</span>B超等检查血常可及早发现孩子的肾脏病。另外，家长对肾病要有清醒的认知，检查结果有一点异常，也不需要过度紧张和恐慌，保持乐观的心态去面对；还有，适当运动，加强孩子的抵抗力，肾病患儿很怕感冒，不要疑似肾病就不运动了，整天要孩子休息甚至要求卧床，这样抵抗力就更差了，对身体反而不利。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　专家建议：提前预防儿童肾脏病</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　一、常规产前胎儿超声检查可以发现许多泌尿系统异常；</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　二、认真了解肾脏病家族史，一些肾脏病有明确的遗传规律和家族史；必要时进行基因检测确诊；</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　三、开展蛋白尿、血尿及尿路感染普查，儿童体检应增加尿检验项目；</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　四、一些特殊儿童，如低体重儿、早产儿是肾脏病、高血压等疾病的高危人群。需要对这些儿童进行长期的重点监控和肾脏病预防。应避免使用肾毒性药物。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1333,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1512095147704,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1512095147704,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"8527","isDel":0,"createAt":1512094819185,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"家长如何早期识别儿童肾病","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512095688670.jpg\" title=\"家长如何早期识别儿童肾病\" alt=\"家长如何早期识别儿童肾病\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">于肾脏病早期缺乏明显的临床表现，孩子不痛不痒，很容易被忽视。但如果肾脏病诊疗不及时，可能会逐步发展到慢性肾衰竭，一旦到了终末期肾病，就需要进行替代治疗，如透析治疗、肾移植等，不但花费昂贵，且危及生命。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\">　</p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">那么如何早期识别儿童肾脏病呢？警惕儿童的肾病症状</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　一是清晨有轻度眼睑肿胀及组织松弛处（如阴部）轻肿，或久坐久立后足背水肿、手指发胀等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　二是小便后便池中泡沫明显增多，并且长时间后仍不能消退。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　三是眼睛可见的肉眼血尿及显微镜下才可发现的镜下血尿，也是肾脏病的重要讯号。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　尿常规检查是肾脏病检查的</span>“金标准”，已得到学术界的公认，被称为体外无创伤性肾活检。肾脏病早期主要症状是血尿、蛋白尿，临床上通常应用尿常规检查，对血尿、蛋白尿的出现及量的多少，作为评价患儿肾脏受累、判断病情轻重的指标之一。九成以上的肾脏病，通过普通的尿常规检查可以发现疾病，常用于急性肾小球肾炎、慢性肾小球肾炎、肾病综合征、肾功能衰竭等疾病的检查。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　那么，日常生活中应该怎样保护孩子的肾脏呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1、首先，家长要教会孩子多喝白开水，使肾脏有足够的血液流过产生尿液；有了尿千万别憋尿，及时排出，减少细菌在潴留的尿液里滋生、减少造成尿道感染的机会。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2、有些药物，如一些抗生素、一些中药等有肾毒性，家长尽量少给孩子服用，如果需要服用应在医生指导下用药。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3、卫生习惯也很重要，女孩子要每天清洗外阴、换内裤；男孩子也要冲洗尿道口；孩子大便后擦拭肛门一定要“从前往后”。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　4、其他器官系统有病有可能会伤到肾，比如扁桃体发炎化脓后，可能引起急性肾小球肾炎；皮肤出现过敏性紫癜后可能发生紫癜性肾炎等。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2027,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1512094819189,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1512094819189,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"8526","isDel":0,"createAt":1512094709739,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"家长注意！小儿肾病有“三高一低”症状","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512095674789.jpg\" title=\"家长注意！小儿肾病有“三高一低”症状\" alt=\"家长注意！小儿肾病有“三高一低”症状\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肾病综合征（简称小儿肾病）是</span>2-6岁儿童中十分常见的疾病。虽然大部分患儿可以在短期内治愈，但小儿肾病却极易反复，少数患儿甚至发展为慢性肾功能衰竭。儿科专家指出，早期发现且坚持治疗、定期监测，小儿肾病还是能治愈的。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　一、小儿肾病有</span>“三高一低”症状</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　通常认为，上呼吸道感染是小儿肾病诱因，比如感冒、扁桃体炎、急性咽炎等，如果不及时有效控制感染，在</span>1-4周后就有可能诱发肾病。在临床上发现，小儿肾病在起病前常常有上呼吸道感染的经历。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　儿科专家认为，免疫力低下也是小儿肾病的诱因之一。小孩因体质弱，体内免疫细胞比成年人少，免疫功能不强，因此免疫细胞有时不但没有吞噬病菌，还把病菌包容起来。身体中的病菌抗体与病菌本身结合成一种免疫复合物，随着血液循环，到了肾脏时，会沉积到肾小球的基底膜，从而对肾脏产生损害，使大量蛋白流失，最终导致肾病发生。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　一旦孩子患上肾病，刚开始的时候会表现为大量蛋白尿、低蛋白血症、高脂血症及高度水肿等症状，这被专家称为小儿肾病的</span>“三高一低”。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　专家介绍，通常患儿会出现轻度水肿，家长会发现孩子早晨起床时眼睑水肿。患儿还常常出现疲倦、厌食、精神萎靡、面色苍白等症状。因为患儿的免疫功能低下，因而经常感冒发烧、扁桃体发炎等。因此，如果家长发现孩子出现上述的表现时，一定要引起重视，及时带孩子就医，查明原因。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　二、家长不要听到激素治疗就拒绝</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　在肾病治疗过程中，因为长期大量应用糖皮质激素，患儿会出现浮肿、满月脸、水牛背、向心性肥胖、多毛、痤疮等症状，引起儿童样子的改变，不少家长担心副作用而常常拒绝给孩子进行激素治疗，改用中药治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　临床上，医生会发现给孩子使用激素治疗时，家长就会断断续续地给药，或者当孩子浮肿明显时，家长就把药加量，浮肿减轻就把药减量，久而久之变成激素耐药。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　其实，肾病患儿在医生的指导下规范使用激素，不会产生大的副作用，家长不要过于担心，但家长需要定期带孩子到门诊复查，以监测治疗效果和药物副作用。只要家长及患儿积极配合医生进行科学的治疗，并合理地安排饮食和作息习惯，就有可能治愈。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　三、预防上呼吸道感染很关键</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　小儿肾病的病程较长，而且容易反复发作，所以小儿肾病至少要维持一年半至两年的规范治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　上呼吸道感染是小儿肾病的诱因之一。据临床资料显示，有的患儿</span>2-3岁时发病，到10岁时病还没有好，主要就是上呼吸道反复感染，才导致肾病反复发作。专家说，肾病长期反复发作会影响孩子的生长发育，并且让治疗变得更为困难。所以，当孩子患上肾病后，家长护理的重点在于预防感冒。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　在饮食上，患儿不宜吃过咸食物和高蛋白食物。因为孩子长期服用激素治疗，免疫力会下降，所以，要避免进行剧烈的运动，以免孩子疲劳，加重病情。同时，家长要关注天气变化，及时给孩子增减衣服，注意保暖。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　找良医网专家表示，坚持治疗是使肾病痊愈和减少复发的关键。看病最好能固定在一家医院，定期复査，严格按医嘱服药。切忌有病乱投医，更不能听信庸医，擅自停药换药。治疗疗程结束后，还须定期到门诊复查随访至少两年。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　四、做孩子的心理辅导师</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　家长还要做好小孩的心理辅导，尤其</span>3岁以上的肾病患儿对患病会产生各种各样的心理反应，如病程长，尤其是疗效不佳的小儿，会出现悲观情绪，不愿意服药，并且有恐惧、精神紧张等不良情绪。不敢活动，整天躺在床上，生怕疾病加重。也有的对肾病不了解，抱着“无所谓”的态度，不合理休息及坚持治疗。因此，家长要让孩子对疾病有一个正确认识，加强治疗信心。只有心情愉快，主动配合治疗，孩子的肾病才能更快治愈。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1809,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1512094709741,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1512094709741,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"8524","isDel":0,"createAt":1512094583359,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"预防儿童肾病8种情况要注意","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512095424519.jpeg\" title=\"预防儿童肾病8种情况要注意\" alt=\"预防儿童肾病8种情况要注意\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">儿童在夏季容易患上儿童肾病，原因是什么？家长要注意什么情况，避免儿童患上肾病？下面就来介绍一下，预防儿童肾病哪些情况要注意。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\">　　</p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">夏季多雨，加上空调的使用，儿童身体调节能力比较差，经不起内冷外热的夹击，就容易病倒。入夏以来，感冒患儿增多，出现发烧、咳嗽、流涕等症状。在这些看似小问题的背后，可能潜伏着可怕的</span>“杀手”——小儿肾病综合征(简称肾病)。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">孩子患有感冒、扁桃体炎、急性咽炎等小毛病，如果不及时有效控制感染，在</span>1~4周后就有可能诱发肾病综合征。小儿肾病多见于2至6岁的儿童，以学龄前为发病高峰，且男孩多于女孩。虽然大部分患儿可以短期内治愈恢复，但部分患儿病情反复或迁延，少数甚至进入慢性肾功能衰竭。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　预防儿童肾病</span>8种情况要注意</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1、喉部、扁桃腺等发炎、链球菌感染时，需立即根治，服用抗生素要彻底，不可中途而废，否则链球菌感染容易诱发肾脏疾病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2、止痛剂损害肾脏，未经医师处方，严禁使用一般市售之止痛药，如需使用，请与主治医师讨论。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3、暴饮暴食有害肾脏健康。人体吃下大量的食物(动、植物性蛋白质)，最后的代谢产物(废物)——尿酸及尿素等等皆需由肾脏负担排除。故食物过量(暴饮暴食)将增加肾脏的负担。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　4、未经医师处方，乱服成药，有碍肾脏功能。有很多人有病时自作主张购买抗生素，须不知大多抗生素进入人体要从肾脏排泄，过量或浓度高损伤肾脏的功能。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　5、儿科医师诊治最适当，因为小儿与成人有体重生理结构及功能等不同。更不要胡乱找江湖郎中吃偏方，误了治疗时机，衍生更多并发症，甚至于短期内变成尿毒症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　6、适量(充分)喝水，不憋尿。尿在膀胱里太久很容易繁殖细菌。细菌很可能经由输尿管感染到肾脏，每天充分喝水，随时排尿，肾脏亦不易结石。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　7、控制儿童糖尿病。根据统计有四分之一至五分之一的“慢性肾脏病”病人是由糖尿病引起的。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　8、记得经常做肾功能检查。每半年就必须做一次尿液筛查(尿常规)及血压的检测。因为几乎一半的肾病病人肾脏损坏过程是在不知不觉中进行的，所以等到身体感到不适时很可能已经到了肾脏病的末期——需要洗肾生存的时候了。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1385,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1512094583361,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1512094583361,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"8522","isDel":0,"createAt":1512094447434,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"什么因素导致小儿肾病综合症","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512095400322.jpg\" title=\"什么因素导致小儿肾病综合症\" alt=\"什么因素导致小儿肾病综合症\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病综合症是一种常见的儿科肾脏疾病，是由于多种病因造成肾小球基底膜通透性增高，大量蛋白从尿中丢失的临床综合征。那么，导致小儿肾病综合征有哪些因素呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;　　</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">小儿肾病综合征是一种常见的儿科肾脏疾病，病因源于肾小球滤过膜对血浆蛋白通透性增高，大量白蛋白自尿中丢失，从而引起一系列病理生理改变。小儿肾病综合征无传染性，易引发血尿、营养不良等并发症。那么，究竟是什么因素导致该病呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1.临床分类</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　为目前国内的主要分型方法。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　(1)单纯性肾病：即具有肾病综合征的四大临床特点的患者，男性多于女性，临床以单纯性多见。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　(2)先天性肾病：生后或生后不久(出生后&lt;2月)即发病，呈现上述典型症状，多有家族史，本病患儿出生体重低(多系早产儿)，宫内窒息，胎粪污染羊水，臀位产及大胎盘均有助于本病之诊断，本病在芬兰发病率较高，在我国罕见，对激素无反应或反应不良，多在生后6月内死于感染，肾衰或其他并发症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　(3)肾炎性肾病：除具有典型症状外，还同时并有以下特点之一，包括高血压【学龄前小儿，血压高于16/10.7kPa(120/80mmHg)，学龄童高于17.3/12kPa(130/90mmHg)】；血尿(离心尿镜下检查红细胞高于10个/Hp)；氮质血症(BUN&gt;10.7mmol/L，&gt;30mg/dl)及持续低补体血症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2.按临床惯例分类</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　(1)原发性：即原始病变发生在肾小球的疾病，按目前国内的临床分型，原发性肾小球疾病中，急性肾小球肾炎，急进性肾小球肾炎，慢性肾小球肾炎及肾小球肾病都可在疾病过程中出现该病。在病理学上，微小病变，局灶性节段性肾小球硬化，膜性肾病，膜增殖性肾小球肾炎以及近年发现的脂蛋白肾小球病，胶原Ⅲ肾小球病，纤维性肾小球病及塌陷性肾小球病都以该病为主要表现，系膜增殖性肾小球肾炎也可发生小儿肾病综合征。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　(2)继发性：即继发于全身性疾病的小儿肾病综合征，病因广泛而复杂。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">什么因素导致小儿肾病综合征</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">导致小儿肾病综合征的因素有哪些</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肾病综合征的原因有哪些</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　①感染性疾患：病毒感染、细菌感染、原虫感染、寄生虫感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　②多系统及结缔组织疾病：如系统性红斑狼疮，系统性小血管炎，类风湿性关节炎，干燥综合征，溃疡性结肠炎，皮肌炎，过敏性紫癜，疱疹皮炎，结节病及牛皮癣等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　③过敏原：如蛇咬伤，蜂螫，花粉，血清，疫苗，毒栎树，常春藤，D860，青霉胺及丙磺舒等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　④代谢性疾病：如糖尿病肾病，淀粉样变性，脂蛋白肾病及黏液性水肿等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　⑤肾毒性物质：如汞，铋，金及三甲双酮等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　⑥肿瘤：如霍奇金病，淋巴瘤，慢性淋巴性白血病，多发性骨髓瘤，结肠癌，肺癌，乳癌，胃癌及肾癌等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　⑦其他：如先兆子痫，肾动脉狭窄，肾静脉血栓形成，逆流性肾病，肾移植慢性排异反应，慢性回肠炎，慢性心力衰竭及缩窄性心包炎等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　(3)先天性及遗传性疾病：如Alport综合征，Fabry病，指甲-膑骨综合征，先天性(芬兰型)肾病综合征及镰状细胞病等。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1342,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1512094447435,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1512094447435,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"8521","isDel":0,"createAt":1512094333658,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小孩居然也会肾虚 那吃什么好呢","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512094384513.jpg\" title=\"小孩居然也会肾虚 那吃什么好呢\" alt=\"小孩居然也会肾虚 那吃什么好呢\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾是先天之本，藏有先天之精，父母予以的精血不足，小孩就可能肾虚。孩子肾虚的表现一般是，生长发育情况不太好，特别容易感冒，还爱尿床，牙齿迟迟长不出来，说话很晚等。对于这类儿童，治疗上以培补先天之本为主。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\">　　</p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾气主宰着人的医生，生老病死都与肾气盛衰有关。因为小儿时期肾阴肾阳都相对不成熟，所以有</span>“稚阴稚阳”的提法，也就是俗称的小儿气血不足，脏腑娇嫩，无论生理功能、形态结构和物质代谢都没有达到完善。养肾要从养精开始。要顺应四时，即按照年龄、四季、昼夜的特点作息、运动、吐纳，饮食上尽量选用天然应季食物，忌肥甘厚味。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　小孩肾虚应以食补为主，药补为辅。小儿饮食结构的重点在于适当添加一些补益肾阴肾阳的食物，借此适度地促进小儿的生长发育。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1、韭菜。韭菜又叫起阳草、壮阳草、长生韭，是一种质嫩味鲜、营养丰富的蔬菜，自古以来备受人们喜爱。韭菜还是一味传统的中药，具有温中补虚，补肾壮阳的作用。常用以治疗脾肾虚寒导致的遗尿、多尿、阳痿、遗精等症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2、黑豆。黑豆性平、味甘;归脾、肾经；具有消肿下气、润肺燥热、活血利水、祛风除痹、补血安神、明目健脾、补肾益阴、解毒的作用;用于水肿胀满、风毒脚气、黄疸浮肿、风痹痉挛、产后风疼、口噤、痈肿疮毒，可解药毒，制风热而止盗汗，乌发黑发以及延年益寿的功能。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3、泥鳅。泥鳅味甘，性平；有补中益气、补肾壮阳、利水解毒的功效；入药可用于小儿盗汗水肿、小便不利、阳事不举等病症。但泥鳅在食用时也需要了解其禁忌，泥鳅不能与狗肉同食，阴虚火盛者忌食。此外，如果食用一定要选新鲜活泥鳅煮食效果才会更佳。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　4、栗子。中医认为，栗子性味甘温，入脾、胃、肾经，有养胃健脾、补肾强腰的功效，适用于脾胃虚弱所致的反胃、腹泻，肾虚造成的腰膝无力及小儿脾胃不健等。准备排骨150克，去壳鲜板栗50克，将排骨洗净焯水后，与板栗一同炖煮至软烂，调味即可。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　5、豇豆。豇豆性平，味甘，具有补肾和健脾的双重作用。如《本草纲目》记载：“豇豆补肾健胃，生精髓。昔卢廉夫教人补肾气，每日空心煮豇豆，入少盐食之。”现代《四川中药志》也介绍：“豇豆滋阴补肾，健脾胃。治白带、白浊及肾虚遗精。”对肾虚小便频数者亦宜。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　一些不含激素的补肾食物是很好的选择，如韭菜、核桃仁、猪腰子、羊肉、羊胫骨、鸡、鸭、虾米、海参、蚌、泥鳅、龟、鳖、牛奶等。当然，也要辨别小儿的体质</span>——偏热还是偏凉，然后查阅食性，再结合具体条件灵活食用，才能收到较好的效果。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1343,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1512094333660,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1512094333660,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type2":[{"id":"9517","isDel":0,"createAt":1513649488770,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿得了肾病综合症会有哪些症状","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513650465427.jpg\" title=\"小儿得了肾病综合症会有哪些症状\" alt=\"小儿得了肾病综合症会有哪些症状\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">关注儿童健康，从儿童身体变化开始，当发现儿童患肾病综合症应及时就医，补充相应的维生素。那么，小儿肾病综合症有哪些症状呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1.贫血：儿童肾病综合征最明显的早期症状是贫血。氮质血症明显的糖尿病肾病患儿，可发生轻度到中度的贫血。家长不要忽视患儿的贫血症状，因为贫血在造成人体免疫力下降的同时还可诱发儿童肾病综合征的各种并发症。需要注意的是，这种贫血是红细胞生成障碍所致，因此用铁剂治疗无效。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2.蛋白尿：疾病初期患儿只出现间断性蛋白尿，随着病情的发展会慢慢转为持续性蛋白尿。患儿早期属于选择性蛋白尿，后期则变成非选择蛋白尿。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3.水肿：患儿的水肿程度轻重不一，双下肢可有明显凹性水肿。水肿因重力作用而改变，长时间卧床或清晨以眼睑、后头部、骶部水肿最为明显，活动后下肢水肿明显。水肿是儿童肾病综合征患病过程中某一阶段的显着症状，部分患儿经数月或1～2年可自行消退。水肿程度往往与钠盐摄入量有关，伴有尿量减少。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">那么，如何预防小儿肾病综合症</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、在传染病流行期间，家长要避免带孩子去公共场所和人群密集的地方，以免加重小儿肾病综合症。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、通过简单劳动来培养好的习惯.增加运动量.适度进行体育锻炼并持之以恒。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、由于反复感冒使病情复发尿蛋白持续阳性、阴转阳或增加两个加号以上加重了病人的痛苦或医疗费用。按时进行免疫接种能有效地提高儿童免疫水平，预防小儿肾病综合症要避免传染病的侵害。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、平时预防小儿肾病综合症要保证足够的营养供给特别要注意在饮食中多摄取蛋白质，铁剂钙剂，还有维生素A、C、D、E等。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1339,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513649488772,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513649488772,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"8529","isDel":0,"createAt":1512094944266,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"出现三种症状警惕儿童肾病","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512095113888.jpeg\" title=\"出现三种症状警惕儿童肾病\" alt=\"出现三种症状警惕儿童肾病\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">对于儿童而言，早期发现肾脏病的征兆非常重要，家长可以从以下症状中察觉孩子是否感染肾脏疾病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1.尿中是否带泡沫</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　这里所说的泡沫和正常小便中的泡沫不同。与正常泡沫相比，这种泡沫细碎，而且不容易消失。左巍表示，这种泡沫是蛋白尿的特征，而蛋白尿往往是肾脏疾病的征兆。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2.水肿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　儿童泌尿系感染后，容易引起水肿，重点在眼睑和腿上。如果孩子有水肿的现象，一定要及时入院检查。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3.尿量变化</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　一般患者在早期可能仅仅表现为夜间排尿次数和尿量的增多。健康人如果睡前没有大量饮水，夜间睡眠后应不排尿或仅排尿</span>1次，如果经常夜间排尿2次以上，应到医院检查尿常规和肾脏功能。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　此外，肾脏病还可能表现为乏力、食欲不振、恶心、面色苍白、血压升高等，容易被误诊为胃炎、高血压、贫血、骨质疏松等。因此，建议有糖尿病、高血压、肥胖、高脂血症等患者，每半年查一次尿常规、肾功能；有慢性肾脏病家族史的人要定期接受尿常规及肾功能的检查。查尿常规前一天晚上不要大量饮水，送检尿液要用早晨起床后第一次尿的中段尿。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　三类儿童容易被肾病盯上</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1.与遗传有关</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　具体来说有两种，一种是家族中有多人有肾脏病史，还有一种是家族中虽然没有人患过肾脏病，但父母有这方面的疾病，那这些家庭的孩子肾脏病发病率比普通家庭孩子会高。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2.与饮食有关</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　本身肾脏就不太好或者有损害但无表现的孩子，在偏食比较严重，或过多摄入高蛋白食物的情况下，会诱使肾脏病的发生。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3.早产儿或体重轻的足月儿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　这类儿童肾脏先天发育不太好，导致肾功能代偿不够，在外来因素如感染、严重创伤或怀孕等的刺激下，会加重肾脏的负担，造成肾损伤、肾脏功能减退。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1352,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1512094944272,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1512094944272,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"7982","isDel":0,"createAt":1511235640872,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"儿童肾病的症状有哪些","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511236512873.jpg\" title=\"儿童肾病的症状有哪些？\" alt=\"儿童肾病的症状有哪些？\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">儿童肾病症状最突出的特点是高浮肿。肾病患儿下肢、头、面、躯干、都有可能浮肿，特别是组织疏松的部位更明显，如眼睑、男孩的阴囊可肿的像灯泡。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">儿童肾病发生后，绝不仅仅只是在体表外显示出水肿的症状表现，体内各脏器可有可能出现水肿情况，如胸腔积液、腹水等。浮肿严重者皮肤薄而透亮，皮肤稍有损伤便会渗水。小儿肾病水肿影响血液循环，使局部抵抗力降低，极易发生感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">许多肾病患儿往往是由感冒、发烧等症状引发感染性肾病，当患儿家长在发现尿量减少、血尿、尿中泡沫增多、眼皮浮肿等儿童肾病症状后，应及时送医院检查。小儿急性肾炎多发于学龄前儿童，一般在感冒、皮肤感染一周后易出现小儿肾炎。当孩子放生上述所述症状时一定要及时的到医院就诊。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">每年体检别忘查尿常规</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">一旦延误了诊治发展成尿毒症，肾脏病患者最后要靠透析治疗来延续生命。每名透析患者每年的治疗费用高达</span>10万～15万元，而且这种支出是长期持续的，无论是由医保还是患者家庭支付，都是一笔很大的经济负担。所以，早发现早防治始终是上策。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">绝大多数肾脏疾病在最早期其实多是从尿液的异常开始发现的，这种异常起初可以没有任何临床的自觉不舒服表现。有些人以为抽血查肌酐升高才提示肾损伤。事实上，慢性肾病的常见诊断不是依靠肾功能血液指标的监测，而是通过尿常规监测尿红细胞、尿蛋白有无异常，这些才是筛查早期肾损伤的可靠指标。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">正常人群每年体检别忘做一次尿常规检查。一旦尿液查出如出现尿蛋白、红细胞等指标异常，应及时找肾病专科医生进一步诊断。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1400,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1511235640874,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1511235640874,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"7370","isDel":0,"createAt":1510367534117,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":1522829174287,"updateBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"梅油油","userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"儿童肾病的几个初期症状","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　很多的家长心中都有这样的疑问的，儿童正是处于长身体的阶段，如果出现了肾病的情况，可以说是对孩子的健康成长造成了非常大的危害，那么及时的了解初期<strong>儿童肾病的症状表现</strong>，也是非常的关键的了。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510367927715.png\" title=\"儿童肾病的几个初期症状\" alt=\"儿童肾病的几个初期症状\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　儿童肾病的初期症状</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　专家介绍说，生活中患儿应该到医院接受检查。通常，医生会很容易的发现，患儿的尿液中有很明显的疾病变化。那就是红细胞、白细胞明显的增多，而尿糖、蛋白尿等症状也会出现。这样的情况都预示着孩子的肾脏功能可能出现了问题，需要家长再带着孩子做进一步的检查，以确定病情的类型以及轻重程度。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　同时，孩子的尿量变化也是儿童肾病的症状之一。一般患病孩子的尿量与同期正常孩子的尿量相比，会有很明显的变化，不是增多就是减少。不要认为只有尿量少才是肾病症状，其实尿量过多也是肾脏问题的一种表现。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　水肿也是重要的一点。在儿童肾病早期的时候，孩子的脸和眼睑很容易出现水肿症状，而且当孩子运动或者劳累之后，症状会明显的加重。但是，等到孩子得到适当的休息后，症状又会很明显的缓解或者消失。这样的情况需要家长引起注意。</span></span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2080,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1510367534119,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1510367534119,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3403","isDel":0,"createAt":1488881580382,"createBy":"9238d37e020b11e7a61c00163e04584d","createName":"良医资讯","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"9238d37e020b11e7a61c00163e04584d","title":"小儿肾病症状及表现","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 37px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1488882046049.jpg\" title=\"1488882046049.jpg\" alt=\"01.jpg\"/></span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肾病以原发性为多见，主要病变为肾小球基底膜通透性增高，临床常表现为大量的蛋白尿、低蛋白血症、高胆固醇血症、全身明显凹陷性水肿及肾功能异常等一系列症状。在治疗过程中，多采用休息、营养、维持水电介质平衡、预防感染及利尿消肿等综合措施，其中以激素疗法最为重要，常用的药物有强的松等。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾小球疾病是儿童时期的常见病、多发病，亦是导致不可逆性终末期肾功能衰竭的主要原因之一。由于疾病类型较多（达十余种），诊断细化分类难，如果把这类疾病统称为肾炎，采用千篇一律的治方法就不会收到良好的疗效。要想对疾病诊断精确定位，惟一的方法是肾活检。但是由于儿童脏器小，不配合，穿刺难</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">度大，操作存在一定风险，许多医院并未开展此项目。王教授在澳大利亚皇家墨尔本医院肾病中心完成了课题实验工作，自</span>1982年起，带领课题组进行小肾病的研究，经20多年临床实践，探索出一套儿童肾活检方法。在B超导向下用抽吸式方法，成功对1500多名患儿进行肾穿活检，完成肾组织病理及免疫荧光等25项检验。结合病例，</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">进行了流行病学分析，得出了具有中国特色的儿童肾小球疾病的病理类型、年龄、性别、分布特点与临床表现的内在联系，为精确诊断肾小球疾病分型提供了理论依据。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">谈到家长和患儿对肾活检存在的疑虑，王教授说，这项检查确有风险，对医生技术要求标准高，我们所做的千余例儿童患者，年龄最小的为</span>4个月，无一例大出血、感染、肾撕裂伤、误穿其他脏器等严重并发症。手术时间约为10至20分钟。检查所得结果，一般可使诊断一目了然，对儿童肾小球疾病的治疗、预防起到重要的指导意义。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">临床表现</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">1.全身浮肿。开始见于小儿肾病综合征患儿的眼睑及颜面，逐渐遍及全身，严重的小儿肾病综合征患者可有胸腔、腹腔积液及阴囊、阴茎、阴唇水肿，多为可凹性。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">2.血压正常或增高。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">3.可有尿少或血尿。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">诊断依据</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">1.全身浮肿，呈凹陷性。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">2.大量蛋白尿（可有+++到++++）或24小时尿蛋白超过0.1g/kg，持续2周以上。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">3.低蛋白血症：血浆总蛋白低于正常，以白蛋白降低更明显，往往〈30g/L。而a2和β球蛋白则相对升高。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">4.高胆固醇血症：血浆胆固醇常〉5.7mmol/L（220mg/dl）。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">需做的检查</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">1.为明确诊断首先检查尿常规、血浆蛋白、血胆固醇。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">2.为鉴别单纯性肾病综合征或肾炎性肾病综合征，需检查尿常规、血沉、血尿素氮、血肌酐、血清C3、尿C3、肝功能及乙肝病毒标志物等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">3.为防治感染需作中段尿培养、胸、腹部X线平片、血培养等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">4.必要时做肾B超(尤其是B超检查）、肾图、静脉肾盂造影、以了解肾功能。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肾病护理护理</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">第一，孩子不宜劳累。孩子的自我约束能力差，从医院回到家会感到很新鲜，容易玩得过累，睡眠不足，家长要特别注意安排好孩子的作息时间，尽量得到充分的休息。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">第二，患儿不宜吃多盐食物。饮食要注意少盐，对血压还没有降到正常的孩子，这点十分重要。但饭菜无盐又会影响食欲，宜用低盐饮食。在浮肿和高血压消失后，才可改进普通饮食，但也要清淡，不可过咸。馒头和苏打饼干中也含有钠，最好不要给孩子吃。可以让孩子吃一些新鲜蔬菜和水果，以补充体内维生素。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">第三．一般护理：</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">1、休息 严重水肿和高血压时需卧床休息，一般无需严格限制活动，根据病情适当安排文娱活动，使患儿精神愉快。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">2、饮食 保证热量，蛋白摄入控制在每日2g/kg左右为宜。明显水肿或高血压时短期限制盐 。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">3、皮肤护理 保持皮肤清洁、干燥，避免擦伤和受压，定时翻身。被褥应松软。臀部及四肢可垫上橡皮气垫或棉圈，有条件可使用气垫床。水肿的阴囊可用棉垫或吊带托起，皮肤破裂处应盖上消毒敷料，以防感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">4、严重水肿者应尽量避免肌内注射药物因严重水肿常致药物滞留、吸收不良或注射后针孔药液外渗，导致局部潮湿、糜烂或感染。必须肌内注射时，注意严格消毒，注射后按压时间稍长些，以防药液外渗。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">5、观察浮肿变化</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">6、预防感染</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">7、观察药物疗效及副作用</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">8、健康教育</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肾脏生理特点</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">新生儿在出生后肾脏代替胎盘而成为维持内环境稳定的主要器官，但其生理功能还不够成熟，储备功能差，一般</span>1~1岁半时达成人水平。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>1）肾小球滤过率 新生儿肾小球滤过率为成人的1/4，1岁时才接近成人水平，故过量的水分和溶质不能迅速有效地排出。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>2）肾小管再吸收和排泄的功能 新生儿肾小管再吸收功能差，故静脉输入或口服葡萄糖易出现尿糖。新生儿及幼婴的肾脏对药物的排泄功能差，故用药时剂量应小心、慎重。新生儿肾小管功能较肾小球更不成熟，因而易致水肿。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>3）浓缩与稀释功能 婴儿肾浓缩功能差，尿素生成少、排泄率低，故婴儿尿溶质少，尿比重低。其稀释功能相对较好，可将尿液释至和成人相近的程度，但因为肾小球渡过率低，排泄水分的速度较慢，在负荷过重时，容易发生脱水、水肿或水中毒，故如需补液时应予注意。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿急性肾炎饮食</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿得了急性肾炎该如何护理，该吃什么食物，不该吃什么食物，要不要卧床休息，几时能复学，会不会复发等，这是家长十分关心的问题。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">急性肾炎是怎么回事</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">急性肾炎在儿童期，多数是某些溶血链球菌进入人体后引起抗原抗体免疫反应祸及肾脏所致。肾脏病变的主要部位是肾小球。正常人两个肾脏各有一百万个肾小球，在急性肾炎时几乎</span>80%以上肾小球患病，结果临床上就出现尿量减少，水肿，血尿和高血压。严重时还可以发生以下症状：高血压脑并心力衰竭（或循环充血）、急性肾功能衰竭（尿毒症）。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">现在，由于患儿多数能及时就医及时诊断，发生上述威胁生命的严重症状已比以前少见。有些病人可以表现得相当轻，仅有轻度眼皮水肿，尿中少量蛋白和红细胞。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肾病以原发性为多见，主要病变为肾小球基底膜通透性增高，临床常表现为大量的蛋白尿、低蛋白血症、高胆固醇血症、全身明显凹陷性水肿及肾功能异常等一系列症状。在治疗过程中，多采用休息、营养、维持水电介质平衡、预防感染及利尿消肿等综合措施，其中以激素疗法最为重要，常用的药物有强的松等。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾小球疾病是儿童时期的常见病、多发病，亦是导致不可逆性终末期肾功能衰竭的主要原因之一。由于疾病类型较多（达十余种），诊断细化分类难，如果把这类疾病统称为肾炎，采用千篇一律的治方法就不会收到良好的疗效。要想对疾病诊断精确定位，惟一的方法是肾活检。但是由于儿童脏器小，不配合，穿刺难</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">度大，操作存在一定风险，许多医院并未开展此项目。王教授在澳大利亚皇家墨尔本医院肾病中心完成了课题实验工作，自</span>1982年起，带领课题组进行小肾病的研究，经20多年临床实践，探索出一套儿童肾活检方法。在B超导向下用抽吸式方法，成功对1500多名患儿进行肾穿活检，完成肾组织病理及免疫荧光等25项检验。结合病例，</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">进行了流行病学分析，得出了具有中国特色的儿童肾小球疾病的病理类型、年龄、性别、分布特点与临床表现的内在联系，为精确诊断肾小球疾病分型提供了理论依据。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">谈到家长和患儿对肾活检存在的疑虑，王教授说，这项检查确有风险，对医生技术要求标准高，我们所做的千余例儿童患者，年龄最小的为</span>4个月，无一例大出血、感染、肾撕裂伤、误穿其他脏器等严重并发症。手术时间约为10至20分钟。检查所得结果，一般可使诊断一目了然，对儿童肾小球疾病的治疗、预防起到重要的指导意义。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">临床表现</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">1.全身浮肿。开始见于小儿肾病综合征患儿的眼睑及颜面，逐渐遍及全身，严重的小儿肾病综合征患者可有胸腔、腹腔积液及阴囊、阴茎、阴唇水肿，多为可凹性。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">2.血压正常或增高。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">3.可有尿少或血尿。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">诊断依据</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">1.全身浮肿，呈凹陷性。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">2.大量蛋白尿（可有+++到++++）或24小时尿蛋白超过0.1g/kg，持续2周以上。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">3.低蛋白血症：血浆总蛋白低于正常，以白蛋白降低更明显，往往〈30g/L。而a2和β球蛋白则相对升高。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">4.高胆固醇血症：血浆胆固醇常〉5.7mmol/L（220mg/dl）。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">需做的检查</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">1.为明确诊断首先检查尿常规、血浆蛋白、血胆固醇。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">2.为鉴别单纯性肾病综合征或肾炎性肾病综合征，需检查尿常规、血沉、血尿素氮、血肌酐、血清C3、尿C3、肝功能及乙肝病毒标志物等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">3.为防治感染需作中段尿培养、胸、腹部X线平片、血培养等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">4.必要时做肾B超(尤其是B超检查）、肾图、静脉肾盂造影、以了解肾功能。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肾病护理护理</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">第一，孩子不宜劳累。孩子的自我约束能力差，从医院回到家会感到很新鲜，容易玩得过累，睡眠不足，家长要特别注意安排好孩子的作息时间，尽量得到充分的休息。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">第二，患儿不宜吃多盐食物。饮食要注意少盐，对血压还没有降到正常的孩子，这点十分重要。但饭菜无盐又会影响食欲，宜用低盐饮食。在浮肿和高血压消失后，才可改进普通饮食，但也要清淡，不可过咸。馒头和苏打饼干中也含有钠，最好不要给孩子吃。可以让孩子吃一些新鲜蔬菜和水果，以补充体内维生素。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">第三．一般护理：</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">1、休息 严重水肿和高血压时需卧床休息，一般无需严格限制活动，根据病情适当安排文娱活动，使患儿精神愉快。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">2、饮食 保证热量，蛋白摄入控制在每日2g/kg左右为宜。明显水肿或高血压时短期限制盐 。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">3、皮肤护理 保持皮肤清洁、干燥，避免擦伤和受压，定时翻身。被褥应松软。臀部及四肢可垫上橡皮气垫或棉圈，有条件可使用气垫床。水肿的阴囊可用棉垫或吊带托起，皮肤破裂处应盖上消毒敷料，以防感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">4、严重水肿者应尽量避免肌内注射药物因严重水肿常致药物滞留、吸收不良或注射后针孔药液外渗，导致局部潮湿、糜烂或感染。必须肌内注射时，注意严格消毒，注射后按压时间稍长些，以防药液外渗。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">5、观察浮肿变化</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">6、预防感染</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">7、观察药物疗效及副作用</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\">8、健康教育</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿肾脏生理特点</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">新生儿在出生后肾脏代替胎盘而成为维持内环境稳定的主要器官，但其生理功能还不够成熟，储备功能差，一般</span>1~1岁半时达成人水平。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>1）肾小球滤过率 新生儿肾小球滤过率为成人的1/4，1岁时才接近成人水平，故过量的水分和溶质不能迅速有效地排出。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>2）肾小管再吸收和排泄的功能 新生儿肾小管再吸收功能差，故静脉输入或口服葡萄糖易出现尿糖。新生儿及幼婴的肾脏对药物的排泄功能差，故用药时剂量应小心、慎重。新生儿肾小管功能较肾小球更不成熟，因而易致水肿。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>3）浓缩与稀释功能 婴儿肾浓缩功能差，尿素生成少、排泄率低，故婴儿尿溶质少，尿比重低。其稀释功能相对较好，可将尿液释至和成人相近的程度，但因为肾小球渡过率低，排泄水分的速度较慢，在负荷过重时，容易发生脱水、水肿或水中毒，故如需补液时应予注意。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿急性肾炎饮食</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿得了急性肾炎该如何护理，该吃什么食物，不该吃什么食物，要不要卧床休息，几时能复学，会不会复发等，这是家长十分关心的问题。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">急性肾炎是怎么回事</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">急性肾炎在儿童期，多数是某些溶血链球菌进入人体后引起抗原抗体免疫反应祸及肾脏所致。肾脏病变的主要部位是肾小球。正常人两个肾脏各有一百万个肾小球，在急性肾炎时几乎</span>80%以上肾小球患病，结果临床上就出现尿量减少，水肿，血尿和高血压。严重时还可以发生以下症状：高血压脑并心力衰竭（或循环充血）、急性肾功能衰竭（尿毒症）。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:37px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px\"><span 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style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513650139803.jpeg\" title=\"关于小儿肾炎的治疗及护理\" alt=\"关于小儿肾炎的治疗及护理\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">现如今，肾炎在儿童群体中发病率有升高趋势，那么小儿肾炎该如何治疗？小儿肾炎要怎么护理？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">针对小儿肾炎的特点，治疗时不能只注重蛋白、水肿等症状的治疗，而是要从根本上修复受损的肾脏组织，改善肾脏病理结构，从根本上达到治疗的目的，下面小编就来给大家普及下小儿肾炎的治疗方法和护理，希望能帮助到你。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肾炎治疗</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">很多的人都喜欢用偏方的办法来进行治疗的，但是如果随便运用的话，还会加重患者病情的，但是在临床治疗中发现，因为家长存在认识误区，儿童存在学习压力和家庭存在经济压力等原因，一些孩子的治疗往往不够规范。尤其是使用激素治疗比较随意，甚至自作主张停药，这样做的后果十分严重。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">专家指出，虽然该种疾病对患者的危害是很大的，但是患者还是要摆正好自己的心态的，家长也不应绝望。年龄小的患者不适合进行肾移植，现在的血液透析等治疗手段已经非常先进，这种相当于人工肾脏的替代治疗手段，大大提高了患者的存活时间，能让儿童患者等到适当的年龄和适当的肾源，再进行肾移植手术。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肾炎护理</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、孩子不宜劳累。孩子的自我约束能力差，从医院回到家会感到很新鲜，容易玩得过累，睡眠不足，家长要特别注意安排好孩子的作息时间，尽量得到充分的休息。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、饮食要严格控制，低盐低蛋白基础上一定要注意保持饮食的清淡，食用一些易消化的食物。适当食用一些新鲜蔬菜和适量水果，同时也要注意不可过分贪凉。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、专家提醒家长要帮助孩子控制情绪，避免烦躁激动而影响病情恢复，还要避免感染，感冒等，远离这些不利因素，避免反复。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、患儿不宜去公共场所。要保持室内空气新鲜，尽量不带孩子去商店、影院等公共场所。注意根据气候变化增减衣服，预防感冒。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">5、小孩衣服不宜久穿不换。感染常是诱使肾病复发的原因。经常洗澡换衣，保持皮肤清洁，可防止皮肤感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">6、不宜随便减量或停药。治疗肾病，大都需要服用激素类药物。服用激素的病孩，一定要在医生的指导下，随病情好转，逐渐减量直至停药。家长要督促孩子按时按量服药，切不可随意减量和停药，以免造成病情反复。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1377,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513649311526,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513649311526,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9513","isDel":0,"createAt":1513649207140,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"儿童肾病有哪些治疗方法","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513649882773.jpeg\" title=\"儿童肾病有哪些治疗方法\" alt=\"儿童肾病有哪些治疗方法\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">孩子的健康是重要的，所以我们不但要治疗好，还要在治疗的同时有着很好的护理才行，那么儿童肾病要如何治疗跟护理呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">现在儿童患有肾脏疾病的概率是很高的，是因为患者的自身免疫力下降导致的，对于患者肾脏疾病的儿童来说，家长是一定要找到儿童肾病治疗方法的，专家指出，只有找到好的治疗办法，才能够安全有效的治疗疾病的，才不会错过最佳治疗时间的，那么，儿童肾病治疗方法哪种好，下面来看专家做的相关介绍吧：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">虽然儿童肾病治疗方法是有很多的，但是因为该咋疾病的病情是很复杂的，</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">在治疗的时候是一个很艰难的过程的，儿童肾病的治疗方法有什么，中西医结合就是目前最好治疗的办法，是能够加快的帮助患者治疗的。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">很多的人都喜欢用偏方的办法来进行治疗的，但是如果随便运用的话，还会加重患者病情的，但是在临床治疗中发现，因为家长存在认识误区，儿童存在学习压力和家庭存在经济压力等原因，一些孩子的治疗往往不够规范。</span>“尤其是使用激素治疗比较随意，甚至自作主张停药，这样做的后果十分严重。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">专家指出，虽然该种疾病对患者的危害是很大的，但是患者还是要摆正好自己的心态的，家长也不应绝望。年龄小的患者不适合进行肾移植，现在的血液透析等治疗手段已经非常先进，这种相当于人工肾脏的替代治疗手段，大大提高了患者的存活时间，能让儿童患者等到适当的年龄和适当的肾源，再进行肾移植手术。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">儿童肾病症的护理方法有哪些</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、孩子不宜劳累。孩子的自我约束能力差，从医院回到家会感到很新鲜，容易玩得过累，睡眠不足，家长要特别注意安排好孩子的作息时间，尽量得到充分的休息。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、患儿不宜吃多盐食物。饮食要注意少盐，对血压还没有降到正常的孩子，这点十分重要。但饭菜无盐又会影响食欲，宜用低盐饮食。在浮肿和高血压消失后，才可改进普通饮食，但也要清淡，不可过咸。馒头和苏打饼干中也含有钠，好不要给孩子吃。可以让孩子吃一些新鲜蔬菜和水果，以补充体内维生素。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、小孩衣服不宜久穿不换。感染常是诱使肾病复发的原因。经常洗澡换衣，保持皮肤清洁，可防止皮肤感染</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、患儿不宜去公共场所。要保持室内空气新鲜，尽量不带孩子去商店、影院等公共场所。注意根据气候变化增减衣服，预防感冒。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">5、不宜随便减量或停药。治疗肾病，大都需要服用激素类药物。服用激素的病孩，一定要在医生的指导下，随病情好转，逐渐减量直至停药。家长要督促孩子按时按量服药，切不可随意减量和停药，以免造成病情反复。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1285,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513649207145,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513649207145,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9512","isDel":0,"createAt":1513649089969,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿肾病的治疗原则有哪些","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513650079944.jpg\" title=\"小儿肾病的治疗原则有哪些\" alt=\"小儿肾病的治疗原则有哪些\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肾病的治疗原则有哪些？小儿肾病如何治疗？小儿肾病的治疗方法有哪些？小儿肾病对孩子的影响很大，那么治疗小儿肾病需要遵循哪些原则呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肾病综合征的治疗原则有哪些？如何治疗小儿肾病综合症？我们一起来看看儿科专家介绍的五种治疗小儿肾病综合征的方法：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1.一般治疗</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>1）休息：一般无需严格限制活动，严重水肿、高血压者卧床，但应经常变换体位，预防血管栓塞并发症；</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>2）饮食：水肿患儿要低盐（2g/d），严重水肿、高血压时应予无盐饮食；严重水肿时适当限水；适量优质蛋白2g/kg/d；注意补充维生素D（500~1000IU/d）及钙剂。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>3）防治感染：加强皮肤护理；避免到公共场所；预防接种需待症状缓解停药后3个月后进行；接触麻疹、水痘者，暂时减激素并注射丙种球蛋白。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>4）利尿剂的应用：激素敏感者用药7~10天可利尿，一般无需给利尿剂；水肿严重有胸、腹水而呼吸困难、因其他原因暂不能服用激素、或激素不敏感者，可给利尿剂以改善全身情况。常用氢氯噻嗪（2~5mg/kg/d）、螺内酯（3~5mg/kg/d）、（每次1~2mg/kg）；对水肿明显、血容量相对不足者，可先给予低分子右旋糖酐10ml/kg/次，快速静滴（1小时左右）后静推呋塞米；尽量不用无盐白蛋白或血浆。在大量利尿时必须注意防止发生低血容量休克和体位性低血压。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2.激素疗法 是目前肾病综合征诱导缓解的首选药。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>1）中长程疗法：国内常用。泼尼松2mg/kg/d（最大剂量60mg/d），分次给药，尿蛋白阴转后2周（最短4周，最长一般不超过8周），改为2mg/kg隔日早餐后顿服，继服4周，以后每2~4周减2.5~5mg，直至停药。总疗程：中程疗法6个月，长程疗法9个月。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>2）短程疗法：国外常用。泼尼松2mg/kg/d，最大量60mg/d，分次口服，尿蛋白阴转后2周，改为1.5mg/kg隔日晨顿服，4~6周后骤然停药，总疗程8~12周。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>3）激素疗效的判断：泼尼松1.5~2mg/kg治疗8周评价，敏感：8周内尿蛋白阴转、水肿消退；耐药：治疗满8周，尿蛋白仍》+++；依赖：对激素敏感，但减量或停药2周内复发，恢复用量或再次用药又缓解，重复2~3次者；复发或反复：尿蛋白阴转、停激素4周以上，尿蛋白又》++为复发；如在激素用药过程中出现上述变化为反复；频复发或反复：指复发或反复半年》2次，1年》3次。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3.复发或反复的治疗：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>1）延长激素治疗时间：在疗程结束后继续用泼尼松2.5~5mg（或按0.25mg/kg）隔日口服来预防复发，用药时间可长达1.5~2年。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>2）免疫抑制剂：①环磷酰胺：在经泼尼松治疗、尿蛋白阴转后，即加用环磷酰胺， 2~2.5mg/kg/d，分2~3次口服，8~12周；副作用：恶心、呕吐、脱发、白细胞减少、肝脏损害、出血性膀胱炎及性腺损害。故药物宜饭后服用以减少胃肠反应，多饮水，每1~2周查血象，白细胞总数《4′109/L时应减量，《3′109/L时停药。环磷酰胺累积量《200~250mg/kg 。②其他：环孢霉素A、雷公藤多甙、霉酚酸酯等。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>3）左旋咪唑：2.5mg/kg，隔日口服，共1~1.5年</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4.皮质激素耐药的治疗</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>1）继续诱导缓解：①延长泼尼松诱导期：即泼尼松1.5~2mg/kg/d用至10~12周，然后才改隔日顿服，部分病例在8周后可获缓解。②甲基强的松龙冲击疗法：15~30mg/kg/次（最大《1g/d），溶于10%葡萄糖100~250ml中，静滴1~2小时，每日或隔日1次，3次为1个疗程。可重复1~2个疗程。③环磷酰胺口服或冲击治疗：8~10mg/kg/次，加入适量生理盐水或葡萄糖液静脉滴注1小时，1次/d，连用2天，每间隔半月重复上述2天的冲击，累积量《150mg/kg。④环孢霉素A：5~7mg/kg/d，分3次口服，维持血浓度在200~300ng/ml，疗程3~6月；副作用：肾损害、高血压、高尿酸血症、高钾和低镁血症、钠潴留、多毛及牙龈增生等。⑤近年来开始适用霉酚酸酯、美罗华等治疗，取得一定疗效。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>2）降蛋白尿治疗：因大量蛋白尿致肾小球高滤过会促进小球硬化，故降蛋白尿有预防肾小球硬化和肾功能恶化的作用，常用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂：依那普利、苯那普利、洛沙坦等。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">5.其他 抗凝：肝素、潘生丁、尿激酶等可防治血栓、减轻蛋白尿。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肾病综合征的治疗原则：通过上述内容介绍了解了小儿肾病综合征的治疗原则，希望以上内容介绍能给大家带来帮助。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1309,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513649089971,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513649089971,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"7980","isDel":0,"createAt":1511235441386,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"治疗小儿肾病有哪些阶段","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511235982232.jpg\" title=\"治疗小儿肾病有哪些阶段\" alt=\"治疗小儿肾病有哪些阶段\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">儿肾病综合症感染发生率较高，与体内免疫抑制因子异常、免疫球蛋白</span>G和免疫球蛋白A降低、长期应用激素致免疫功能低下有关。笔者多年临床观察发现，肾综患儿治疗过程中1次感染者占56%，2次以上感染者占24%。受感染的患儿几乎都有肾病加重或病情反复，表明预防及控制感染十分重要。感染发生时，应及时应用敏感、强效、无肾毒性的抗生素治疗，并加强支持疗法。中医认为，肾综患儿肺气常不足，肺气虚则藩篱疏，易感受外邪，并发感冒、支气管炎、扁桃体炎等呼吸道感染性疾病。治疗应予益气补肺固表，笔者常用玉屏风散冲剂，每次10 g，每天3次，或用玉屏风散（黄芪、白术、防风）煎汤口服，在预防感染方面取得较好效果。《诸病源候论。水病》说：“水病者，由肾脾俱虚故也”。因此注重肺、脾、肾三脏，应用益气固表、健脾行水、补肾强髓等方法，可以达到“正气存内，邪不可干”的预防感染、巩固疗效的目的。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">儿童肾病综合症患者的水电解质代谢紊乱</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾综患儿常见低钠、低钙、低钾，其中低钠血症发生率尤高。当水肿加重，并有疲倦、嗜睡和血压降低的症状时，应注意存在低钠血症的可能性。笔者认为：当浮肿明显时，需低盐饮食并应用利尿剂</span>;当轻度浮肿时，因激素本身的作用不主张再用利尿剂，而应用健脾利水的中药，既达到利水目的，又预防水电解质代谢紊乱。临证中，风水型患者可选用麻黄连翘赤小豆汤加减;脾虚湿困型可选用四君子汤合五皮饮加减;脾肾阳虚型可选用真武汤加减。浮肿消退后，应改低盐饮食为普食。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">长期使用利尿剂可引起血钙降低而发生低钙血症，病程长往往钙摄入不足，需检测生化项目指导及时补钙。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">儿童肾病综合症患者的血液高凝状态</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾综患儿由于高脂血症，抗凝血酶不足，凝血因子纤维蛋白原升高，应用激素、利尿剂等，导致血液呈高凝状态，易发生动静脉栓塞，脑、肺和心肌梗塞，亦使肾功能下降。疾病早期无明显症状，容易忽略，应注意监测凝血酶原时间，出、凝血时间等，及早诊治预防。笔者常应用活血化瘀药物预防高凝状态。当高凝状态发生时，适当应用肝素等药物。中西医结合用药可减轻治疗中的不良反应，中药防治高凝状态疗效肯定，副作用小。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">儿童肾病综合症患者的关注肾功能变化</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾综患儿在起病初期和复发时，可能出现肌酐清除率暂时偏低，尿素氮、肌酐暂时升高，经</span>2次以上复查仍异常明显，应考虑肾功能受损，须控制饮食中蛋白质的摄入量。搭配氨基酸及低磷饮食可减轻肾小球的高灌注、高压、高滤过状态。此时可选用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂，如开博通、悦宁定等治疗。中药可选用崩大碗、大黄等保留灌肠。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">儿童肾病综合症的病程较长，反复发作，治疗失当时可能发生急性肾衰。儿童肾病综合症患者出现尿少、水电解质代谢紊乱等情况时，就应该警惕发生肾功能衰竭。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1328,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1511235441387,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1511235441387,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"7365","isDel":0,"createAt":1510366976043,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":1522741802052,"updateBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"梅油油","userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"儿童肾病综合征如何治疗","content":"<p style=\"line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">随着社会的水平发展每个家庭现在只有一个孩子，家长都是以孩子为中心，当孩子生病了都会非常的担忧，害怕。而像肾上这一类的病症都是不容小觑的。当医生告诉家长孩子得的是儿童肾炎时家长都会非常的担心，担心这种病是否能治的好，那么<strong>慢性儿童肾病治疗</strong>方法都有哪些</span>?</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"></span></span><br/></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510367021430.jpg\" title=\"儿童肾病综合征如何治疗\" alt=\"儿童肾病综合征如何治疗\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1.一般治疗</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>1）休息和生活制度</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　除高度水肿、并发感染者外，一般不需绝对卧床。病情缓解后活动量逐渐增加。缓解</span>3～6月后可逐渐参加学习，但宜避免过劳。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　（</span>2）饮食</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　饮食要低盐食。水肿严重和血压高得忌盐。高度水肿和</span>/或少尿患儿应适当限制水量，但大量利尿或腹泻、呕吐失盐时，须适当补充盐和水分。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2.对症治疗</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　一般应用激素后</span>7～14天内多数患儿开始利尿消肿，故可不用利尿剂；但高度水肿、合并皮肤感染、高血压、激素不敏感者常需用利尿剂。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3.肾上腺皮质激素（下称激素）治疗</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　激素尽管有某些副作用、且尚未解决复发问题，但临床实践证明激素仍是目前能诱导蛋白悄消失的有效药物，并作为肾病治疗的首选药。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　其作用机制尚未阐明，可能与免疫抑制作用、改善肾小球滤过膜的通盘性减少尿蛋白滤出、利尿作用（通过对肾小球滤过率及肾小管的影响）有关。</span></span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2187,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1510366976044,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1510366976044,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type0":[{"id":"9509","isDel":0,"createAt":1513648942676,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"哪些原因引起小儿肾炎","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513649102828.jpg\" title=\"哪些原因引起小儿肾炎\" alt=\"哪些原因引起小儿肾炎\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肾炎是一种常见小儿疾病。那么你知道日常生活中，哪些原因会引起小儿肾炎呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾脏的功能是不断过滤和排出人体的废物。如果肾脏工作程序问题，肾脏不能正常清除这些废物的时候，就产生了血尿和蛋白尿。但是如果处理得当，</span>95%以上的急性肾炎是可以有效治疗的，但预防尤为重要。所以，做家长的要细心了，切不可粗心大意，耽误了孩子的病情，错过最佳治疗时机。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小孩子爱打闹，总是不注意会划破皮肤，如果不加注意可能会引发感染。这都是生活中常见的现象，也很少有人重视起来，认为稍微包扎一下就可以了，但是殊不知经常性的皮肤感染可能会引发急性肾炎的发生。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">肾炎通俗来讲就是肾脏的炎症，是肾小球肾炎的简称，是对链球菌感染的变态反应性疾病，肾炎是临床中最常见的肾病。儿童急性肾炎是在儿童中常见的一种疾病，发病率较高，尤其是扁桃体炎或皮肤化脓性感染，都易继发肾脏免疫损伤，出现急性肾炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿急性肾炎多发于学龄前儿童，</span>3岁以上的儿童尤其多见。一般在感冒、皮肤感染一周后易出现小儿肾炎。由于其种种表现不疼不痒，家长如果不细心观察孩子的变化，就有可能耽误病情。一般来说，急性肾炎在发病前1-4周常有急性扁桃体炎、皮肤脓疱病等先驱感染。刚开始可能会有低烧、头晕、恶心、呕吐、食欲减退等症状，这些症状与一般的发烧感染没有什么区别，不容易引起人们的重视，常被忽略。浮肿和少尿是本病的特点，一般浮肿先从患儿的眼睑开始，逐渐扩展到全身。所以，当孩子发生上眼睑浮肿时，就应查清楚原因，看看是因为喝水多或休息不好，还是因为得了肾炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">另外，因为急性肾炎的发生与链球菌的感染有很大关系，当然其它的细菌、病毒、原虫的感染也可以引起急性肾炎。扁桃体炎常常是由乙型溶血性链球菌引起。乙型溶血性链球菌可以产生抗原，通过血液产生抗体，抗体经过肾脏时，沉淀在肾小球基底膜，在基底膜上，抗原抗体起免疫反应时，并吸引补体参加，从而导致急性肾炎的发生。而脓胞疮一般是由葡萄球菌引起，同样也会产生类似抗原，也通过类似途径，在肾小球基底膜产生抗原、抗体和补体的免疫反应而导致急性肾炎的发生。肾脏的功能是不断过滤和排出人体的废物。如果肾脏工作程序问题，肾脏不能正常清除这些废物的时候，就产生了血尿和蛋白尿。但是如果处理得当，</span>95%以上的急性肾炎是可以有效治疗的，但预防尤为重要。所以，做家长的要细心了，切不可粗心大意，耽误了孩子的病情，错过最佳治疗时机。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1362,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513648942683,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513648942683,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9507","isDel":0,"createAt":1513648792342,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿肾病患者缺钙的原因","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513649525254.png\" title=\"小儿肾病患者缺钙的原因\" alt=\"小儿肾病患者缺钙的原因\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">我们知道在儿童成长的时候是非常需要钙的补充，但是对于小儿肾病患者来说，他们会流失了很多的钙，那么他们缺钙是什么原因呢？下面我们就来了解一下。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">人生儿童期正是生长发育的好时段，对钙的需求本来说多，但是当儿童患有肾病时又会有大量的钙流失，所以补钙是小儿肾病患者应该注意的重要饮食因素之一，那么小儿肾病为何要补钙？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">一般来说，小儿肾病患者缺钙的原因主要有以下几点：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、肾病综合症患儿有大量的蛋白尿排出，在丢失大量的蛋白的同时，血液中容易与白蛋白相结合的钙也随蛋白尿一并排出体外。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、此时患儿处在生长发育旺盛阶段，机体对钙的需求量相对增多，因此蛋白尿过多使钙的丢失也较多，易致患儿体内缺钙。如果不注意给患儿及时补钙或摄取含钙食物不足，终致血钙偏低，诱发低钙惊厥、手足抽搐。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、治疗肾病综合征需用到肾上腺皮质激素，激素有对抗人体肠壁吸收维生素D和钙的作用，所以患儿如果病情严重的话会长期用到激素，致使患儿体内钙缺乏加重。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">因此，在采用综合治疗小儿肾病综合症的同时，应注意补充维生素</span>D和钙剂，以弥补缺钙现象。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1271,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513648792346,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513648792346,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9506","isDel":0,"createAt":1513648664972,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿肾病有哪些发病原因","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513649431427.jpg\" title=\"小儿肾病有哪些发病原因\" alt=\"小儿肾病有哪些发病原因\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿肾病是一种常见的高发疾病。那么对于家长朋友来说，小儿肾病有哪些常见的发病原因呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">近年来，小儿肾病发病率在我国呈逐年上升趋势。由于该病的发病原因多，给预防和治疗都带来了一定难度。为此，专家提示，家长要树立小儿肾病普查意识。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">北京空军总医院泌尿内分泌科专家介绍，虽然相对于呼吸系统、消化系统等常见疾病，小儿肾病的总体发病率并不高，但一旦出现问题，往往会给患儿及其家长带来无尽的烦恼。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">专家说，儿童处于生长发育期，身体的组织器官尚未发育成熟。此时，如受到疾病侵袭并得不到及时和有效的治疗，有可能造成脏器缺陷，甚至危及生命。以小儿肾病为例，早发现、早治疗的患儿多数可以痊愈，而贻误病情则会影响患儿的肾脏发育，严重的会造成肾功能衰竭。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">“临床上的许多患儿，尤其是农村患儿，都是因为在患病初期没有引起父母的足够重视，导致贻误病情的。”</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">专家建议，家长从以下几方面仔细观察孩子的身体状况：夜尿的颜色是否正常，如果颜色变深或呈血红色，有可能是血尿的表现；如果泡沫多，则有可能是蛋白尿。此外，尿少和眼睛浮肿也都是小儿肾病的常见症状。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">专家提醒家长树立儿童肾病普查意识，将尿液检查作为一项常规检查，尤其是在孩子感冒期间，检查尿液是早期发现肾病的重要措施。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1281,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513648664973,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513648664973,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9503","isDel":0,"createAt":1513648387608,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"为什么感冒会引起小儿肾病","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513649167885.jpeg\" title=\"为什么感冒会引起小儿肾病\" alt=\"为什么感冒会引起小儿肾病\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">普通的感冒咳嗽为什么会引发小儿患肾病呢？令许多家长感到困惑的是，孩子无端患上肾病，起因竟是感冒。今天小编就为大家解答为何感冒也会引发小儿肾病！</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">上呼吸道感染是诱因</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">儿童呼吸道感染，比如感冒、扁桃体炎、急性咽炎等，如果不及时有效控制感染，在</span>1~4周后就有可能诱发肾病综合征。一般来说，小儿肾病综合征有前期的感染症状，其突出特点是三高一低，即高度浮肿、高度蛋白尿、高胆固醇血症和低蛋白血症。微小病变性肾病综合征发病年龄多见于二至六岁的儿童，且男孩多于女孩，极易复发和迁延，病程长。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小孩子因为体质弱，体内免疫细胞比正常的人少，免疫功能还不强，因此免疫细胞有时不但没有吞吃病菌，而是暂时把病菌包容起来，身体中的病菌抗体与病菌本身结合成一种免疫复合物，随着血液循环，到了肾脏时，会沉积到肾小球的基底膜，从而对肾脏有一种损害，使大量蛋白流失，最终导致肾病综合征。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">坚持治疗很关键</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾病综合征病程较长，极易反复发作。要维持</span>1年半至2年的规范治疗。据临床资料，有的患儿两三岁时发病，到10~12岁时病还没有好，上呼吸道感染是反复发作祸首。长期反复发作可影响小儿的生长发育，使肾病综合征变得极为难治。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">患病后的护理重点，要预防感冒，患儿不宜吃多盐食物和高蛋白。应严格限制孩子的活动量。小孩衣服不宜久穿不换。治疗期间不宜随便减量或停药。另外，平时应注意观察孩子的小便情况，如发现孩子的小便颜色有改变等，应及时送小便到医院化验。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">预防小儿肾病</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">预防感染和感冒流行病流行期间，患儿避免去公共场所和人群拥挤的地方，一旦患上呼吸道感染，应及时进行治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">要保持室内空气新鲜，注意按照气候变化增减衣服，预防感冒。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">加强皮肤护理，勤洗澡及更换衣裤；对频繁复发的小儿肾病患者，可给予增加机体免疫力的药。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">注意保持口腔清洁，每日督促患儿刷牙或含漱，严防病从口入；注意高度水肿的患儿，勤翻身，防止皮肤擦伤，预防褥疮发生，阴囊水肿时，可用棉垫将阴囊托起。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1350,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513648387610,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513648387610,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"7363","isDel":0,"createAt":1510366720402,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":1522741714339,"updateBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"梅油油","userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"造成儿童肾病的几个原因","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">很多人不了解肾病综合征是怎么得的，这也增加了在治疗上的难度，而要想很好地预防和治疗肾病综合征，一定要了解肾病综合征的发病原因，下面就给大家介绍一下<strong>儿童肾病的病因</strong>都有什么，希望对大家能够有所帮助。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510367351126.jpg\" title=\"造成儿童肾病的几个原因\" alt=\"造成儿童肾病的几个原因\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　儿童肾病是肾小球疾病中的一组临床症候群。该疾病的发病年龄大都在</span>3～6岁之间的儿童，一般男孩发病多于女孩。儿童肾病的病因不详，其病情容易复发，而且迁延时间较长，治疗起来比较困难。因此，在给孩子治疗的时候，很多家长还是比较关注是什么原因引起儿童肾病的。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　原发性儿童肾病与机能的免疫功能紊乱密切相关。单纯性肾病是原发性肾病中常见的类型，在</span>2～7岁儿童中多见。除了肾病的症状以外，并不会伴 有镜检血尿或高血压，肾活检90%以上属于微小病变型。肾炎性肾病也是原发性肾病中的一种，多见于7岁以上儿童，除肾病的症状之外，还会伴有镜检血尿和高血压，肾活检除少量病变外，有增殖性变型，膜性增殖型、硬化型。因此，这是属于儿童肾病病因之一。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　继发性儿童肾病是属于继发于蚊咬伤、疟疾、过敏性紫癜、红斑性狼疮、金属或饕物中毒等。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　儿童肾病病因引起的一组临床症候群。儿童肾病的症状为全身明显浮肿，会出现大量蛋白尿，低蛋白血症和高胆固醇血症。简称</span>“肾病”。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1302","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1483,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1510366720404,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1510366720404,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"lyBar":{"id":"1302","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430646862,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"小儿肾病","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"6b3cc9a8bb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:小儿肾病论坛_病友论坛_病友交流平台，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿肾病论坛_病友论坛_病友交流平台\",\"title\":\"小儿肾病论坛_病友论坛_病友交流平台\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童肾病综合症治疗_小儿肾病治疗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童肾病综合症治疗_小儿肾病治疗\",\"title\":\"儿童肾病综合症治疗_小儿肾病治疗\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿肾病症状有哪些症状_儿童肾病的早期症状等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿肾病症状有哪些症状_儿童肾病的早期症状\",\"title\":\"小儿肾病症状有哪些症状_儿童肾病的早期症状\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿肾病后果_小儿肾病并发症水痘等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿肾病后果_小儿肾病并发症水痘\",\"title\":\"小儿肾病后果_小儿肾病并发症水痘\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿肾病综合征吃什么好_小儿肾病吃什么食物好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿肾病综合征吃什么好_小儿肾病吃什么食物好\",\"title\":\"小儿肾病综合征吃什么好_小儿肾病吃什么食物好\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小孩肾病综合征的原因_儿童得肾病综合症原因等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小孩肾病综合征的原因_儿童得肾病综合症原因\",\"title\":\"小孩肾病综合征的原因_儿童得肾病综合症原因\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童肾病综合征化疗_治疗肾病综合症哪家好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童肾病综合征化疗_治疗肾病综合症哪家好\",\"title\":\"儿童肾病综合征化疗_治疗肾病综合症哪家好\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿肾病预防感染尤为重压等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿肾病预防感染尤为重压\",\"title\":\"小儿肾病预防感染尤为重压\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿肾病综合症治愈率、小儿肾病综合征饮食、儿童肾病综合征治愈率、小儿肾病综合症家长们求医心得等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿肾病综合症治愈率_小儿肾病综合征饮食_儿童肾病综合征治愈率\",\"title\":\"小儿肾病综合症治愈率_小儿肾病综合征饮食_儿童肾病综合征治愈率\"}","adInfo":null},"zlyBar":{"id":"1302","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":null,"type":0,"twoCode":null,"image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":null,"hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":null,"adInfo":null},"herfList":[],"forumUserFocusBar":{"id":null,"isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"barId":null,"barName":null,"barType":0,"webType":0,"userType":0},"days":0,"dataCache":{"ad":[{"name":"","content":"","url":"www.baidu.com","img":"http://www.01luntan.com/ly_img/book-yl.jpg"},{"name":"","content":"","url":"www.baidu.com","img":"http://www.01luntan.com/ly_img/book-yl.jpg"}],"row0_01":[{"name":"","content":"","url":"https://www.zhao01.com/news/bbs/30258","img":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1702281952092.jpg"}],"row0_02":[{"name":"状腺疾病的临床诊治","content":"","url":"www.baidu.com","img":"http://img0.imgtn.bdimg.com/it/u=3069164470,1397462178&fm=206&gp=0.jpg"},{"name":"惊人病例：Infliximab 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