{"type5":[],"type4":[{"id":"7314","isDel":0,"createAt":1510283949121,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":1522312729854,"updateBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"梅油油","userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘的饮食原则","content":"<p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">我们都清楚，哮喘这种病很大程度上不但影响患者本人的身体健康，给他们的生活和工作也带来了极大的不便，那么，对于哮喘病人来说，除了一些治疗的药物外，还需要了解一些饮食上的规律，许多家长在孩子出现哮喘疾病后，都会显得比较迷茫，那么，</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿哮喘饮食要注意哪些事项</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">呢？</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510284028973.jpg\" title=\"小儿哮喘的饮食原则\" alt=\"小儿哮喘的饮食原则\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1、蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪这三大营养物质宜搭配适当。患儿喘息发作时常处于缺氧状态，导致胃肠道消化吸收功能减弱，出现食欲不振，进食减少，影响患儿正常生长发育。因此哮喘患儿应补充足够的优质蛋白质如牛奶、鸡蛋等，约占营养摄入的35%。碳水化合物如米面等是机体能量的主要来源，应占营养摄入的50%左右，但应避免过食产气食物，如面食、豆类和薯类。脂肪进食应少量，约占营养摄入的15%。因为进食脂肪过多，影响食欲和胃肠道的消化吸收，对病情不利，主要以进食植物油为主。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2、宜多吃富含维生素A、B、C和铁、钙的食物。维生素A具有维持人体正常发育和增强机体抗病能力等功能。维生素B、C是参与各种代谢的重要物质，并有增加食欲、促进肺部炎症吸收的作用。钙除了促进生长发育的功能外，还具有抗过敏等功能。另外，机体为了从哮喘缺氧状态中提高对氧的摄取量，以减轻组织缺氧状态，会出现代偿性缺铁，补充必须相应增加。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3、宜多饮水。尤其是哮喘急性发作的时候，经呼吸道不显性失水增多，患儿易出现脱水现象，且气道痰液会变得粘稠，不易排出，因此哮喘患儿宜多饮水。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1651,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1510283949123,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1510283949123,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"4628","isDel":0,"createAt":1486193498710,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"教你儿童哮喘的日常护理妙招","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">哮喘可大可小，哮喘病发作严重的话甚至可导致病人死亡，着名歌手邓丽君便是玉殒于哮喘病。用药正确、家庭护理合理的话可保宝宝健康无虞，本文将介绍宝宝哮喘的家庭护理妙招，以供各位家长参考。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">一、用药护理</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">哮喘病但未不伴有细菌感染的话，治疗用药应以中药和平喘药配合为主。出现发热达到</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">38</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">度及其以上的话，要遵医嘱服退热药，并配合物理降温。在病症缓解期间应长期吸入皮质类固醇，给予免疫增强剂，预防哮喘反复发作，减少呼吸感染的机会。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">在宝宝哮喘急性发病的时候，要马上使用各型支气管扩张剂，迅速缓解哮喘。所以家中应该常备支气管扩张剂并放在显眼容易取的地方。而在发作缓解期则应长期进行中医治疗。中草药多为植物，对人体的毒副作用较小。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">正确使用支气管扩张剂的办法是：让孩子先呼气，然后深吸气，吸气时间加长，习惯后要在吸气的时候同时吸入药剂，吸入后屏气</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">秒。当心率超过</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">140</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">次</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">/</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">分时疗效越来越差，应停止使用。使用激素气雾剂时要注意口腔护理，防止霉菌感染。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">哮喘病是一项容易反复发作的疾病，用药期间要遵医嘱使用，不可自行停药、减药、增加药量，这样的话才有治愈的希望。不可在宝宝喘息时，就赶快求医用药，而病情一好转则过早地停服平喘药。其实，宝宝的支气管仍处于痉挛状态，稍有不慎又会发作，反复的喘息发作，不仅会使宝宝很痛苦，而且容易转变为支气管哮喘。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">二、避免生活当中的过敏源</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">家长在日常生活当中要做到细心观察有可能引起宝宝急性哮喘发作的物质，明确后要将其从生活当中剔除，避免宝宝与其接触，并采取相应的脱敏治疗。平时加强锻炼，如做冷水浴，干毛巾擦身等。避免感冒，过劳及情绪波动过大。生活当中有可能会出现的过敏源有：</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、生活用品：香烟气味及烟灰、被铺衣物脱落的毛线以及螨虫、煤炉的烟雾、空气清新剂、喷洒的烟雾、扫地飞扬的尘土、带毛的动物、汽车尾气，树和花的花粉、强烈的气味和气雾剂等等。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、病菌感染：致病菌落及其产生的毒素，例如细菌、病毒、真菌、支原体等及其产生的毒素都有可能引起哮喘发作。要知道，感冒、流感常常是哮喘发作的诱因。宝宝的哮喘可以与鼻炎、咽炎、扁桃体炎、肺炎等同时发生。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、易致过敏的食物：过冷或过热的食物和饮料，肥腻食品，甜品，海鲜，鸡蛋，牛奶，各类重口味香料等等，也可能是过敏原。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、致敏生物：花粉、动物脱落的毛发与粪便、细菌、螨虫、苍蝇、蟑螂、鱼虾蟹等异质蛋白等。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、大量运动以及起伏不定的情绪：体育活动量大，看恐怖片、喜剧，受到惊吓，伤心过度等都有可能引起孩子哮喘病发作</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1972,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486193498711,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486193498710,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3602","isDel":0,"createAt":1486193384972,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"哮喘儿童的家庭护理须知","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:宋体;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486194256502.jpeg\" title=\"1486194256502.jpeg\" alt=\"mp47909481_1449812707881_2_th.jpeg\"/></span></p><p><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:宋体;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">支气管哮喘</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">是儿童最常见的慢性呼吸道疾病，其累计患病数已居小儿非感染性疾病之首。与世界发达国家相比，我国儿童哮喘患病率相对较低，但有逐年上升趋势，尤其在城市，儿童哮喘的患病率较</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">10</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">年前有明显增加。儿童哮喘的规范化管理和健康教育已成为治疗哮喘的重要程序。就哮喘患儿家长而言，可从以下几方面配合家庭护理：</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> <br/> 1<span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">、环境的监护居室内温度</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px\">18</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">℃</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif\">—20</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">℃</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">为好，不潮湿，以减少室内尘螨的繁殖和霉菌</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px\">&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> <br/> </span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">生长；清除卫生死角，消灭蟑螂变应原；勿在家中饲养宠物；尽量使用纯棉织品；勤洗床上用品；房间最好使用吸尘器，避免尘土飞扬，打扫卫生时患儿最好避开；室内不得吸烟和摆放花草。<span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, serif\">&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> <br/> 2<span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">、饮食要得当避免食诱发哮喘的食物，如鱼、虾、蛋等；在哮喘发作期以清淡饮食为主，缓解期则需加强营养；避免进食冷饮；饮食不宜过饱、过甜、过咸；不食有刺激性的食物，如芥末、辣椒等；避免某些食物添加剂、食物防腐剂、味精及一些色素食物；避免某些饮料如葡萄酒、啤酒等。患儿要吃出健康，强调健康、均衡、多样六个字：健康指多吃天然食物及绿色食品；均衡指注意荤素搭配；多样指多吃不同品种食物，避免挑食和</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:宋体;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">偏食</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> <br/> 3<span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">、仔细观察哮喘发作的先兆</span></span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> <br/> </span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">①<span style=\"font-size: 11px\">粘膜过敏现象如：鼻、眼睑痒、打喷嚏、流鼻涕、干咳等。</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> </span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">②<span style=\"font-size: 11px\">胸部有紧缩感、胸闷。</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> </span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">③<span style=\"font-size: 11px\">咽喉发痒。</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> </span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">④<span style=\"font-size: 11px\">呼吸加快。</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> <br/> </span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:宋体;color:#333333\">一旦发现此类症状，立即按哮喘治疗原则用药，对迅速控制哮喘发作很重要。<span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, serif\">&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> <br/> 4<span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">、哮喘发作时的护理让患儿坐位或半卧位，有利于呼吸，及时按医生嘱托给药，并观察药物疗效及副作用；家长陪伴在身边，安慰患儿，鼓励多饮水及咳出痰液，尤其是婴幼儿要防止痰液堵塞气管，否则危及生命；病情严重时及时送医院就诊。</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px\">&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> <br/> 5<span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">、正确掌握气雾剂的使用方法根据就诊时医护人员的演示、指导熟练使用</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px\">β2</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">受体激动剂、糖皮质激素等吸入气雾剂，并督促患儿在使用后及时漱口，避免喷药后引起干咳和预防口腔霉菌感染。</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px\">&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> <br/> 6<span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">、心理护理在孩子发病时，家长不要惊惶失措，以免造成孩子精神紧张，让孩子知道</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px\">“</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">哮喘缓解后就没事了</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px\">”</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">，让其有安全感；家长平时不要因拖累而责骂孩子，而应鼓励患儿在控制症状中起主角作用，时刻保持心情愉快。</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px\">&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\"><br/> <br/> 7<span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family: 宋体\">、哮喘预防平时鼓励孩子进行必要的体格锻炼，多晒太阳，多进行户外活动，尽量避免到人多的公共场所；根据天气变化随时增减衣服；开花季节尽量减少不必要的外出活动，可预防哮喘发作。当必须外出时，提前使用短效支气管扩张剂，以避免哮喘急性发作。</span></span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1823,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486193384974,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486193384972,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3038","isDel":0,"createAt":1486193318842,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘家庭护理非常重要","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　哮喘是儿童的常见呼吸道疾病之一，据有关资料表明，哮喘患儿中约</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">70%~80%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">在青春期以后能获得痊愈；约有</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">20%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&mdash;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">30%</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">却发展为成人哮喘，反复发作，严重影响身体健康。同是哮喘病，为什么有人能痊愈而有人不能呢</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">?</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">专家们认为，哮喘的预后除了与儿童身体素质有密切关系外，还与哮喘的发作程度和频率有关，其中除了医生的积极治疗外，家庭的正确护理也很重要。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　寻找诱因避免接触：哮喘是一种免疫性疾病</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">(</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">或称变态反应性疾病</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">)</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">，是机体接触外界过敏原后引起支气管痉挛，黏膜肿胀，分泌物增加所致。如能避免接触过敏原，哮喘就不会发生。因此，家长如能找到孩子哮喘的诱因，就等于帮医生找到一条治疗捷径。寻找过敏原可以从细心观察分析孩子发病前所接触的气体、食物、周围环境及气候变化、季节等方面入手。如对飞尘、螨虫过敏者，发病常与打扫卫生、尘土飞扬有关；对花粉、枯草过敏者常在春秋季节发病；对棉絮、皮屑、羽毛过敏者发病常与铺床扫床、饲养宠物有关；反复呼吸道感染或食入某些鱼、虾、奶是许多儿童哮喘发作的诱因；不少室内装修材料散发出的气味也是一种致敏原；运动、劳累、情绪波动也可能诱发哮喘。一旦找到了过敏原，就要尽量避免接触。有条件的可到医院作相关检查，找出过敏原。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　未雨绸缪，防患于未然，若不能完全避开过敏原，如能在发病季节前一个月采取预防措施，也能减少哮喘的发作。可以在医生指导下选择下列方法：使用抗过敏药酮替酚、色甘酸钠、丙酸倍氯地米松气雾剂等；使用调整机体免疫功能的药物腺因子、卡介苗素等；吃有温肾纳气健脾益肺作用的药膳：取黄芪</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">15</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">克、五味子</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">6</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">克煎汁去渣，打入鹌鹑蛋</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">只，煮熟吃蛋喝汤，连服</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">10</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">天。此方对提高哮喘患儿机体免疫功能，增强抗病能力有一定疗效。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　了解先兆及时用药：一位患儿的母亲说：&ldquo;孩子一声咳嗽意味着一场哮喘即将发作。&rdquo;另一位母亲说：&ldquo;我能从孩子讲话的声音中分辨出哮喘是否要发作，这比听诊还灵。&rdquo;这些话一点也不夸张。一般说来，哮喘都有先兆症状，除咳嗽和声音异常以外，还可表现为鼻痒、咽痒、打喷嚏、流鼻涕、感冒发烧等，家长如能在先兆出现时及时、足量地给孩子服药，就有可能把哮喘抑制在萌芽状态，较快地控制病情或减轻哮喘的发作程度，变被动为主动。因此，患儿家中应常备一些药物，如舒喘灵等。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　亡羊补牢未为迟：每次哮喘发作都会给孩子造成程度不同的损伤，最常见的是抵抗力下降，痰液阻塞支气管，以及自汗、动则气短等症状，这又为下一次哮喘发作提供了可乘之机，如此反复，形成恶性循环，严重影响疾病的预后。因此，家长即使在哮喘发作控制以后也不能松气，而应配合医生，积极做好缓解期的保健，以防哮喘再次发生。在缓解期除了要避免过敏原外，还要坚持用药治疗，如吸入表面激素，可在医生指导下选用；适度进行体育锻炼，以提高机体对外界环境变化的适应能力。有的家长怕孩子因运动出汗着凉或疲劳而诱发哮喘，不让孩子参加体育锻炼，这是不可取的。通过适当的体育锻炼，可增加小儿呼气量，提高肺活量，对增强体质，减少和防止复发，促进早日康复具有重大意义。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; font-family: 'Microsoft Yahei'; color: #333333; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　增强孩子战胜疾病的信心：长期的哮喘还会给患儿带来心理方面的损伤。疾病使孩子的学习、生活受到影响，久而久之，孩子便会产生自卑孤僻、消极悲观、偏执沉默的特殊性格，甚至对治疗失去信心。医学家认为情绪波动、心绪郁闷往往是激发哮喘发作的一大诱因，说明在哮喘治疗中心理因素的重要性。因此，家长对患儿不但要多关心，还要注意培养他们的性格，锻炼他们的意志，激发他们和正常儿童一样生活的信心。据报道，国外不少哮喘儿童在医生监护下连续服药数年，他们能像正常儿童一样学习、生活，有的还能参加奥林芬克运动会呢。此外，对于年长的患儿，要教会他们自我处理哮喘轻症、先兆症状的办法，对自己的病情有一定的了解，还要鼓励他们总结战胜哮喘发作的经验，加强自我控制的能力，那么治愈哮喘就有了希望。</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1932,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486193318843,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486193318842,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"2401","isDel":0,"createAt":1486193246433,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童患哮喘时家庭护理应注意的问题（摘自哮喘联盟网站）","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">一、保持适宜的室内生活环境</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、患儿的卧室既要保持一定的温度和湿度，又要保证空气流通，刚油漆过的房间不能立即进住。室内避免养宠物。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; 2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、患儿的衣被、床上用品避免用丝棉、羽绒等制品，做到勤换洗，有严重尘螨过敏者可选用特殊材料制成的防尘螨溢出的床上用品。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; 3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、减少室内空气污染：家长应戒烟或不要在有孩子的室内吸烟以避免儿童吸二手烟；切勿使用各种喷雾杀虫剂；避免樟脑、香水、化状品等刺激性气味。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">二、关注孩子的日常生活</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、哮喘患儿的内衣应以纯棉织品为宜，避免穿羊毛、鸭绒等动物皮毛制品。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; 2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、注意气候变化，随时增添衣服，以防受凉诱发哮喘。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; 3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、哮喘急性发作时饮食宜选清淡、易消化的食物，避免食用易致敏的海鲜、禽蛋、奶类及坚果等食物。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; 4</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、要让孩子每天有一定的户外活动，切不可因为害怕孩子哮喘发作而过分限制其体力活动。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">三、家长要向医生学习掌握一些有关哮喘防治的基本知识，严格按医嘱监督孩子每天坚持按时用药，记录治疗过程中的每一点病情变化，定期复诊。如出现连续打喷嚏、不断咳嗽、烦躁、精神不振、呼吸加快等哮喘先兆时，要及时用平喘药，以防哮喘大发作。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; </span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1729,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486193246435,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486193246433,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"2028","isDel":0,"createAt":1486193203080,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘的家庭护理","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img title=\"1486193253871.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486193253871.jpg\" alt=\"jkjy_14759276404850.jpg\" /></p>\n<pre class=\"best-text mb-10\" style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Lantinghei SC', 'Microsoft YaHei', arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 29px; color: #333333; min-height: 55px; background-color: #ffffff;\">       家长对哮喘不太了解，甚至存在一些认识上的误区。这在哮喘患儿家长中很普遍。有的家长一听说孩子得了哮喘，就觉褂这足一件很严重的事，把孩子当成易碎的玻璃，每天小心翼翼地呵护;相反，有的家长却不把医生的话当一回事，平时不发作时小管，发作了才到医院就诊;有的家长还极力否认孩子的病情，认为医生是危言耸听。这几种态度都是不对的。家庭护理，举足轻重<br />\n在促发哮喘发作的主要因素中，外源性过敏因索约占29%，因此，患儿首先应到有条件的医院进行过敏原测定，以便了解他对空气中的何种物质过敏。家长在日常生活中就应该注意避免让患儿接触这些危险因素，必要时可进行脱敏治疗。<br />\n螨虫、花粉常是引发哮喘的&ldquo;元凶&rdquo;，家长应做到以下几点：①用杀虫剂杀死室内可能致敏的螨虫。②室内不要铺地毯，床上用品不要使用毛毯及纤维纺织品。③常用温水擦洗床和席。④不要在居住环境内养宠物及种植花卉。因为动物皮毛、排泄物、唾液，以及植物花粉均可能致敏。⑤室内的刺激物如烟草、家用喷雾剂、油漆等，应尽量避免让患儿接触。食物过敏是哮喘的诱发因素之一。如果患儿对虾、蟹等过敏，家长就不要让他们摄人这类食物，平时可让他们多吃些豆类食品以满足孩子身体对蛋白质的需要。一些药物(如阿司匹林)可能加重哮喘，应避免服用。<br />\n家长应与医生建立良好的伙伴关系，根据病情，医患双方联合制订缓解期和发作期的治疗计划，并进行定期随访和监护，家长垃好定期参加医院开办的哮喘学校、学习班、知识讲座等，并阅凄哮喘的相关科普文章，以了解防治哮喘的相关知识和技能。同时，要在医生指导下，让孩子学会在哮喘发作时进行简单有效的自我急救，如学会使用各种定量雾化吸人器和储雾器吸人技术。此外，家长应自己或协助患儿记录哮喘日记，包括发病时间、症状、用药，从中找出发病的规律性，以便防护。心理辅助，不可或缺<br />\n哮喘是与心理应激相关的一种躯体性疾病，即心理应激可能诱发或加重哮喘发作，而哮喘发作时的喘憋、紧张、濒死感，又会反过来刺激患者产生心理应激，使其精神紧张、恐惧、抑郁、沮丧，进一步导致机体免疫力下降，使哮喘易于发作，造成恶性循环。因此，家长必须对患儿多做安慰、鼓励、解释工作。<br />\n家长应设法引导患儿，消除他们对哮喘及其用药所产生的顾虑和恐惧感，鼓励他们自信自强，乐观豁达。一方面要避免对患儿产生厌烦和歧视，另一方面也不能过分溺爱他们。不要经常询问孩子是否不舒服，或常说是否感觉要发病等暗示性话语，以免造成患儿精神紧张，诱发哮喘。患儿感到胸闷憋气，出现发作预兆时，可鼓励他尽量放松，如采用深长细匀的腹式呼吸等。</pre>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1619,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486193203082,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486193203080,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"1874","isDel":0,"createAt":1486193615678,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘家庭护理方法","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　哮喘作为儿童期最常见的慢性消耗性疾病，让很多家长感到非常紧张。在孩子发病期间恨不得昼夜守在身边，唯恐出现意外。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">月</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">日是每年一度的世界哮喘日，借此机会和您聊聊在孩子患病期间，家长应该如何做才能帮助宝宝治疗，控制病情的发展，享受一个美好的童年。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　儿童哮喘家庭护理方法主要包括三步：</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　一、避免就诊误区</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">诊断上回避</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　儿童哮喘发病多与过敏有关，如果在问诊的过程中，家长故意隐瞒发病史、过敏史和家族史，诊断很容易与喘息性支气管炎、肺炎相混淆。有些家长面对反复发作喘息的孩子，不管过敏史和家族史多么明显，仍采取回避态度。甚至从内心里认为哮喘是会&ldquo;留根儿&rdquo;的病，怕影响孩子以后的学业和工作，因此宁愿避重就轻，都不愿意被确诊为哮喘。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">用药上恐惧</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　一些家长认为西药是&ldquo;顶药&rdquo;，怕用上了停不了，怕用激素出现副作用。有这些想法是可以理解的。全球哮喘防治创议委员会</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">(GINA)</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">的治疗方案有哮喘分级和阶梯治疗，规定了在什么情况下药物应该上、应该加，什么情况下药物可以减、撤、停，而不是用到底。激素吸入疗法所以得到医患的肯定，是因为它具有量小安全、直接速效和均匀方便三大优点。即使较长时间用药，一般来说也是安全可靠的，家长们完全不必在心理上产生恐惧。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">哮喘儿童家庭护理三步走</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">疗程上间断</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　有些家长看到患儿通过治疗</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">周，哮喘不犯了，就自动停药，造成哮喘治疗治治停停，反复发作，越来越重。哮喘治疗要有一个相对较长的疗程，应该是长治不犯，而不能犯了再治。治疗哮喘的疗程也是因人而异的，一般地说，治疗至少应该坚持</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">年，有的需要更长一些。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">4.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">认为可以自愈</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　有些家长认为，当孩子逐渐进入青春期，随着身体发育的成熟，一些幼儿时的疾病也会自然而然消失。但专家称，诱发支气管哮喘的病因很多，且治疗周期长，根治相当不易。对于儿童患哮喘，父母一定不可轻视，不能等待病情自然缓解，要尽早开始治疗。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　二、记好哮喘日记</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　实践证明，家长记好&ldquo;哮喘日记&rdquo;是预防和治疗孩子哮喘的重要措施之一。这份特殊的日记应包括以下三部分。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">分析诱因</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　哮喘诱因是多方面的，常见因素除感染外还有过敏原吸入、非特异性刺激物质、气候变化、精神因素、运动和药物等，每个患儿不尽相同。找出诱发因素，尽量避免接触，就可以不犯病、少犯病。如果能找出气候、精神、运动等因素与发病的某些联系，就可以提前防范。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">完善方案</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　哮喘发作期和缓解期有不同的治疗方案，对于每个患儿都应该是个体化的，尽管发作期推荐激素吸入、&beta;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">激动剂和茶碱三联治疗</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">缓解期采用激素维持、白三烯调节剂辅助治疗、体育锻炼等治疗。但每个患儿的药效、反应及副作用等也各不相同。记录将有助于制订更为有效的防治方案，并不断修改完善。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">自我监测</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　有条件的家庭应该准备袖珍峰速仪，正像体温计、血压计和血糖仪。袖珍峰速仪可以随时监测患儿呼气峰流速，了解通气功能情况。不同性别、身高的患儿最大呼气流量有个体正常值范围，可以根据其数值和变化情况，确定呼吸功能状态，也就是&ldquo;绿、黄、红&rdquo;三牌。绿牌&mdash;&mdash;安全</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">黄牌&mdash;&mdash;警告，需调整治疗方案</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">红牌需看医生，进行紧急救治。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　三、做好饮食调养</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">避免营养不良</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　家长应为哮喘患儿补充足够的蛋白质、碳水化合物和适当的脂肪。由于呼吸困难所导致的缺氧，会对机体各系统及物质代谢发生一系列影响：一是缺氧使胃肠蠕动减慢，消化吸收减慢</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">二是能量合成受到影响，患儿活动无力，胃肠道及肌肉组织血流量减少。二者均会引起食欲不振、进食减少，导致比成年病人更为明显的营养不良。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　家长应为哮喘患儿补充足够的优质蛋白质，以满足炎症修复和营养补充的需要。碳水化合物可以补充足够热量，但应避免过食产气食物，如面食、豆类和薯类。脂肪供给不宜偏高，因为进食油脂过多，影响食欲和胃肠道的消化吸收，对病情不利，主要以进食植物油为主。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　哮喘儿童家庭护理三步走</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">补充维生素</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">A</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">B</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">族、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">C</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">和铁、钙</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　维生素</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">A</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">具有维持人体正常发育和增强机体抗病能力等功能。维生素</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">B</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">族和</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">C</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">是参与各种代谢的重要物质，并有增加食欲、促进肺部炎症吸收的作用。肝、蛋、乳类食品、粗粮、花生以及水果蔬菜是富含维生素的食品，家长要注意在三餐中为患儿进行合理调配。另外，机体为了从哮喘缺氧状态中提高对氧的摄取量，以减轻组织缺氧状态，会出现代偿性缺铁，补充必须相应增加。钙除了具有促进生长发育的功能外，还能抗过敏、镇静神经。所以，对于蛋黄、红瘦肉、血豆腐和蔬菜类食品在不过敏的情况下也应兼顾。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">多饮水</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　哮喘发作时，特别是严重发作时，肺过度通气，患儿张口呼吸，出汗多，饮食少，常出现失水。此时患儿多饮水非常重要，不仅补充了失水，而且还可以稀释痰液，有利于黏稠痰液的排出，有时候甚至可以神奇地终止哮喘发作。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">4.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">三忌三宜</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　为哮喘患儿准备饮食忌过冷过热、忌过甜过咸和刺激食物、忌过饱</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">宜温热、宜清淡、宜少量多餐。哮喘患儿脾胃虚弱，过食生冷引起胃肠蠕动减慢，可导致消化不良、食欲不振，使患儿体质下降，对哮喘康复不利。过热过烫的饮食可引起阵发性咳嗽，甚至诱发哮喘，应引起注意，加以避免。过甜和刺激性食物可以诱发哮喘已众所周知。哮喘发病与原发性高血压一样，与摄入高盐有关。哮喘的本质是气道慢性非特异性炎症，这是导致气道高反应性的主要原因，而高盐正好使哮喘患儿的支气管平滑肌对过敏原刺激产生强烈反应，加重气道高反应性，必须加大用药剂量，才能起到控制作用。因此，哮喘患儿应采用低盐清淡饮食。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　哮喘反复发作时，由于机体缺氧，胃肠功能减弱，少量多餐可减轻胃肠负担，细嚼慢咽有利于消化吸收。哮喘患儿吃得过饱，既增加胃肠负担不利于消化吸收，又使腹压增高，易诱发哮喘发作，故哮喘患儿应采用少量多餐进食制。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 14px; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: NSimSun; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　家长可以根据以上建议，对患有哮喘的宝宝进行家庭护理，并配合医生制订、执行长期有效的防治方案。这样，哮喘患儿的症状才会逐渐减轻，进而控制。</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2013,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486193615680,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486193615678,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"1051","isDel":0,"createAt":1486193949858,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘如何预防和治疗方法","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\"><img title=\"1486194563931.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486194563931.jpg\" alt=\"008g.jpg\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 19px; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 19px; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">正值春夏过度时期，对于有着过敏体质的宝宝，对外界的空气、环境等会产生敏感的反应，过敏源进入到呼吸道后会引起哮喘等症状，这就需要宝妈们替宝宝做好预防工作，让宝宝轻松的度过这个特别的敏感时期。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; color: #252525;\">什么是小儿哮喘？</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">小儿哮喘，是指过敏体质者的支气管对某些物质产生高度敏感反应，使支气管痉挛、支气管粘膜水肿充血，支气管内分泌增多，从而引起咳嗽、气喘、多痰等一系列临床症状。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; color: #252525;\">小儿哮喘有哪些症状？</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">小儿哮喘起病或急或缓，婴幼儿哮喘发病前往往有1～2天的上呼吸道感染症状，包括鼻痒、喷嚏、流清涕、揉眼睛、揉鼻子等表现，并可有明显的咳嗽、喘息。年长的宝宝起病往往较突然，常以一阵阵咳嗽为开始，继而出现喘息、呼吸困难等。具体病情的诊断需要医生的诊断。2岁以下的宝宝很难诊断是不是患有哮喘，因为除哮喘以外的很多情况也能引起宝宝气喘或发出气喘样的声音。事实上，呼吸道病毒感染很可能是导致宝宝气喘最常见的原因。不过，如果你的宝宝经常咳嗽，有过敏反应或湿疹，而且家族中有哮喘、过敏反应或湿疹病史时，你的宝宝很可能患有哮喘。即将出生前或刚出生后接触香烟烟雾的宝宝也容易患哮喘。医生会给宝宝做检查，并详细询问病史（包括家族健康史），以便诊断。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; color: #252525;\">哮喘的5大&ldquo;元凶&rdquo;有哪些？</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">●过敏原：花粉、灰尘、柳絮、宠物的毛发和粪便、羽毛、尘螨、霉菌(尤其是加湿器里的霉菌)、蟑螂、鱼虾蟹等异质蛋白等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">●刺激物：吸烟或者烧炉子所产生的烟雾、香水、喷洒的烟雾、强烈的化学制剂或者气味等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">●病菌感染：致病微生物的感染及其毒素，比如各种细菌、病毒、真菌、支原体等感染。要知道，感冒、流感常常是哮喘发作的诱因。宝宝的哮喘可以与鼻炎、咽炎、扁桃体炎、肺炎等同时发生。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">●某些食物：海产品、鸡蛋、牛奶、香料、冰冻食物等，也可能是过敏原。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">●剧烈活动：大运动量锻炼、大哭大笑、大叫大闹等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; color: #252525;\">宝宝的哮喘可以根治吗？</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">虽然有些宝宝只有在感冒或上呼吸道感染时才气喘，而且长大后就不再发作了，但是哮喘是没法根治的。一般来说，哮喘是一种终身疾病，不过，随着宝宝长大，发作频率和症状的严重程度可能会有所变化。经常检查和适当的治疗，能够逐渐有效地控制宝宝的哮喘，让他可以和其他孩子一样跑步、游泳、玩耍。大部分患有哮喘的宝宝长大后都很健康。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; color: #252525;\">　哮喘是因为过敏吗？</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">对一些患有哮喘的宝宝来说，接触尘螨、蟑螂、霉菌、花粉或动物皮屑等过敏原可能会引发或加重哮喘症状。这种情况称为过敏性哮喘。四五岁以下的宝宝患有对花粉的季节性过敏反应（也称为花粉热、花粉症、枯草热）并不多，可能因为宝宝需要四五年长的时间，接触足够多的花粉，才能对花粉产生过敏。而对尘螨、霉菌或动物皮屑的过敏可能很早就会出现。如果你的宝宝患有哮喘，并且你怀疑他有过敏反应，可以带宝宝去看过敏症专科医生，做进一步的检查和治疗，预防哮喘发作。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; color: #252525;\">怎么治疗哮喘？</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">如果你的宝宝患有哮喘，你要和医生一起制定一套预防和处理哮喘发作的方案。首先你要找出哪些因素会引起哮喘发作，然后尽力帮助宝宝避免接触这些诱发因素。比如说，有些宝宝在感冒或患其他上呼吸道感染时容易哮喘发作，还有一些在接触过敏原或香烟烟雾后容易发作。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">医生可能会给你的宝宝开一种或几种药物。速效缓解药物可以使哮喘发作症状停止。这些作用迅速的药物可以消除气管痉挛，有助于呼吸。沙丁胺醇（也叫舒喘灵）等药物可以通过雾化吸入器或定量吸入器使用。雾化吸入器是一种接电源（或电池）为动力的装置，它可以将液体药物转变成雾气，使宝宝能通过面罩吸入。雾化吸入治疗通常需要10多分钟。定量吸入器是一个很小的气雾剂罐，可以插入一个叫做罐体的长管中，有一个小面罩与这个罐体相连。沙丁胺醇被喷入罐体后，宝宝通过面罩吸入药物。这种治疗只需要不到1分钟的时间。选择雾化吸入器还有定量吸入器都可以，一般来说，它们都能有效地将药物送入肺部，终止哮喘发作。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">另外，还有一些控制性药物也用于预防哮喘发作。吸入性类固醇就是其中之一，能减轻发炎和肿胀，避免宝宝发生气喘。如果宝宝的哮喘很难控制，医生可能会把他转到哮喘专科医生那里。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; color: #252525;\">如何预防宝宝哮喘发作？</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">如果宝宝先天患有哮喘，你没法彻底预防宝宝哮喘发作。在宝宝出现气喘、持续咳嗽等明确症状前，你可能都不知道宝宝是不是患有哮喘。不过，如果采取下列措施配合医生治疗，你可以减轻宝宝哮喘发作症状的次数和严重程度，或者延缓哮喘的发作，直到宝宝长大一点（这时宝宝的肺部发育得更大，抵抗力更好）。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">●环境好</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">要打造一个适合于哮喘宝宝的生活环境，远离过敏原。因为尘螨常常生长于居室的皮毛制品或其他柔软的物品中，所以应定期高温热水烫洗或者日光暴晒被罩、枕套、窗帘和床垫，不要铺地毯。也不要在家中养猫、狗、兔、鸽子等宠物，更不能让这些动物进入哮喘宝宝的卧室。另外，患哮喘的宝宝一般体质较弱，也比较敏感，当冷空气到来时最容易犯病，因此爸爸妈妈一定要注意不能让患哮喘的宝宝受凉。尽量少吹空调，避免风扇冷气直接对着宝宝的身体吹。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">●饮食好</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">给宝宝选用性平、性温的食物。比如谷类应当以大米、玉米、糯米、燕麦为主，小米、荞麦、绿豆、薏仁这些性凉的食物尽可能少吃。肉类应多食用牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉、鳝鱼这些性温、性平的，而螃蟹、蚌肉、螺蛳、蜗牛、鸭肉这些性寒、性凉的就要尽量避免给宝宝食用。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">●运动好</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">要让宝宝每天有一定的户外活动时间，切忌不可因为害怕宝宝哮喘发作而过分限制宝宝的体力活动，应让宝宝在无风的天气里经常到户外呼吸新鲜空气，接受阳光照射，不断增强宝宝身体对大自然的适应能力，减少过敏反应。如果宝宝正处于哮喘发作期，则应注意休息。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">●心情好</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">让宝宝保持良好的情绪。研究发现，哮喘的发病常与神经系统的兴奋有关，因此爸妈应特别注意调节宝宝的情绪，要有耐心。对哮喘宝宝要多进行心理安慰和精神鼓励，消除其紧张和焦虑的情绪，你可以通过暗示、说服、解释等转移宝宝的注意力。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; color: #252525;\">哮喘宝宝在饮食上有什么注意事项？</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">除了药物治疗外，饮食调理也很重要。绝大多数的哮喘病儿体质虚弱，增强体质显得尤为重要。饮食调理没有副作用，又容易被宝宝接受，对增强宝宝的体质，减少哮喘的发作，有明显的效果。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">寒喘：宝宝受冷空气侵袭引发的哮喘，表现为咳嗽，气喘，流清涕，吐出的痰稀薄、白色而且泡沫多，宝宝的手、脚发冷，面色苍白。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; color: #252525;\">平喘温肺方</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">原料：白果12克，核桃仁30克，生姜2片。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">制作：将上述三项原料放入清水中煎煮，每天服用一次。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; color: #252525;\">止咳化痰平喘方</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">原料：甜杏仁12克，核桃肉30克，生姜汁适量。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">制作：把甜杏仁、核桃肉捣烂，放入生姜汁拌匀，再加入适量蜂蜜(可视宝宝的口味选择放入的量)，隔水炖半小时左右，根据宝宝的食欲每天2次，也可1次吃完。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">Ａ：热喘：哮喘发作时，一般热喘多于寒喘，宝宝常表现为咳嗽喘鸣，吐出的痰黄且稠，喉咙干红，容易感到口渴而多喝水，大便干结。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; color: #252525;\">　清热化痰方</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">原料：1只西瓜，冰糖、蜂蜜各50克。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">制作：洗干净西瓜的外皮，切去蒂部，用汤匙挖掉中间少部分瓜瓤，把冰糖、蜂蜜放入西瓜内。将切去的蒂部作盖子盖上，西瓜放在大碗中隔水蒸1小时，吃西瓜肉。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12px; font-family: 宋体; color: #252525;\">饮食上的宜与忌有哪些？</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">许多食物可诱发哮喘发作，而另一些食物可防治哮喘发作，所以家长要了解食物的宜忌，通过调节饮食防治小儿哮喘。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">宜食用：</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">◆矿物质镁、钙有减少过敏的作用，可多食海带、芝麻、花生、核桃、豆制品、绿叶蔬菜等含镁、钙丰富的食品。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">◆通过补充足够的优质蛋白质，来满足炎症修复及营养补充，如蛋类、牛奶、瘦肉、鱼等。脂肪类食品不宜进食过多。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">◆增加含维生素多的食品，如各种水果、蔬菜。因为维生素A可以增强机体抗病能力，维生素C和B族维生素可促进肺部炎症吸收。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 19px; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 19px; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">◆哮喘发作时出汗多，进食少，使患儿失去较多的水分，所以患儿要多饮水，还有利于稀释痰液，使痰易排出。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">◆患儿可多吃一些润肺化痰的食物如百合、白木耳、柑橘、萝卜、梨、藕、蜂蜜、猕猴桃等。保持患儿大便通畅，若有便秘可饮用蜂蜜水，吃梨、猕猴桃、西瓜、香蕉等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\">忌食用：</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: #252525; font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">◆忌过咸，如咸鱼、咸菜；</p>\n<p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: #252525; font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">◆忌过甜，如果冻、巧克力；</p>\n<p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: #252525; font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">◆忌过腻，如油炸食品、肥肉；</p>\n<p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: #252525; font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">◆忌过刺激，如辣椒、冰淇淋；</p>\n<p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: #252525; font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">◆忌过敏类食物，如海鲜、蟹。</p>\n<p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: #252525; font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">◆忌吃洋快餐，否则哮喘的发生风险会增高。</p>\n<p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: #252525; font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">以上食物食用视个人过敏情况而定。</p>\n<p style=\"margin: 19px 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; background: white;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: #252525;\"><br /></span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1998,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486193949860,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486193949858,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type3":[{"id":"8380","isDel":0,"createAt":1511851551261,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘长大后会不会好","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511852223723.jpg\" title=\"小儿哮喘长大后会不会好\" alt=\"小儿哮喘长大后会不会好\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">小儿哮喘是小孩子的一种呼吸道疾病，很多都是具有遗传基因的。有些家长就担心以后孩子长大后会不会就好了，是不是可以自愈呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">小儿哮喘是病因尚不是很明确的儿科呼吸性的常见疾病。而且近几年来，全世界的小儿哮喘的患者在明显上升。目前全国至少有一千万以上哮喘患者，全世界有一亿多哮喘患者。我们日常生活中流传着这样一句话：小儿哮喘到了发育年龄会自然痊愈。这真的是事实吗？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　哮喘具有遗传性因素</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　哮喘的病因尚未完全明确，但近年的研究表明，哮喘是气道的一种慢性炎症性疾病。产生这种气道慢性炎症的因素有两点，一是遗传基因的易感性，另一个是环境因素，使机体暴露于变应原（过敏原）的环境中。顾名思义，遗传基因是由遗传而得，因此，哮喘是一个具有高度遗传倾向的疾病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　具有遗传基因，表示这个人有特应性（过敏性）的体质，但尚不足以引起哮喘。如果再加上暴露于有变应原的环境，变应原就会进入身体启动炎症基因，产生一系列炎症介质如白三烯之类，从而形成了气道黏膜下的炎症浸润。现在认为，这种气道黏膜的炎症改变，将会持续终身。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　小儿哮喘并不能随着成长而自愈</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　小儿哮喘是一种慢性且持续终身的疾病。可是，为什么不少人会持有哮喘可随着年龄增长而自愈的念头呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　有关专家对小儿支气管哮喘患者进行了流行病学调查，调查表明，哮喘的好发年龄在六岁以内，</span>1～5岁的患病率为1.83%～1.20%，学龄期后患病率逐渐下降，14～15岁时患病率为0.29%。从这份调查资料来看，确实有部分哮喘儿童随着年龄的增长而逐渐减少发病。但是，这种现象被用来证明哮喘患儿“发育后能自愈”，是不科学的。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　哮喘的本质是气道炎症，是特异性体质的人在多种激发因素的综合作用下引发的。然而，某些激发因素的作用是可以改变的，例如，在婴幼儿年龄阶段，很容易得感冒，而呼吸道病毒感染是诱发哮喘的重要因素之一，随着年龄增长，人对某些病毒的免疫力会提高</span>;又如，面粉、鸡蛋、牛奶等食物也可使某些特异性体质的婴幼儿激发哮喘，在日常生活中，这类食物是经常接触的，有的患儿可渐渐对这类食物产生耐受性。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　家长往往害怕药物治疗的不良反应而对小儿哮喘的治疗持有戒心。事实上，哮喘治疗的目标是达到并维持哮喘控制，一旦确诊为哮喘，需要长期、规范、持续和个体化的治疗，患儿和家长要有坚持治疗的自我管理能力，才能达到儿童哮喘成功控制不发作。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　倘若一味地等待</span>“发育期自愈”，不但影响生长发育，还可能并发支气管扩张症、慢性支气管炎等相当麻烦的疾病，在成年后大大增加治疗的困难，甚至会造成难以弥补的后果。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　以上介绍了小儿哮喘到了一定年龄会自愈不可相信的内容，我们在面对哮喘的孩子时，一定不要相信不用治疗，到了一定年龄就可自愈的谣言，我们要早发现早治疗，尽早的使疾病得到控制。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1735,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1511851551267,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1511851551267,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3685","isDel":0,"createAt":1486260396591,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘可以不用激素治疗吗","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">一个月前出现咳嗽，气喘。</span><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">地方医院诊断为喘息性支气管炎，用头孢他啶、甲基强的松静滴、特步他林、布洛奈德雾化吸入治疗11天好转出院。两天后症状复发，再次住院，用头孢他啶、氨溴索治疗7天后，效果不明显，改用阿奇霉素治疗、口服孟鲁斯特、特步他林、布洛奈德雾化症状缓解。用阿奇8天出现呕吐，腹泻症状，停用出院。三天后又出现偶尔咳嗽、气粗。转到聊城人民医院诊断为小儿哮喘联用青霉素、头孢。雾化药物不清楚。</span>想<span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">问一下抗生素连续用一个月，对孩子的影响。看到有人说可以在治疗过程中不用抗生素。</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1545,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486260396593,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486260396591,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3300","isDel":0,"createAt":1486259920877,"createBy":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"柠檬茶","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小儿支气管哮喘","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">2016年9月出现喉咙好像有痰，喘息的证状，<span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">现在应该如何治疗，控制，预防</span></span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1609,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486259920878,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486259920877,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"2900","isDel":0,"createAt":1486260734507,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘能治吗？","content":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;外甥女八岁多了，病情不详。在家乡诊断为小儿哮喘。家乡医生说此病不能治。现请问儿童医院能否治疗此病，如果能的话，打算带孩子去治疗。 &nbsp; &nbsp;</p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1580,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486260734509,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486260734507,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"2566","isDel":0,"createAt":1486260267606,"createBy":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","createName":"海总剑客","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘能做肺功能检查吗？大概价格是多少。此外还应该做什么检查。总共需要多少费用","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">儿子今年5周。一直反复呼吸道感染，伴有喘息。2.5周时诊断为小儿哮喘，</span><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">诊断明确后开始吸入附舒酮。从每天两次开始，到停药，一共一年半。期间有时咳嗽，厉害时可听见喘息声，医生让加服，氨茶碱，扑尔敏，有时加沙丁氨醇。今年8月咳嗽厉害，医生又开始让吸入附舒酮每天两次，顺尔宁服用3个月，附舒酮3个月减为每天一次.，<span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">这几天又开始咳嗽，医生说加服，扑尔敏，氨茶碱，和沙丁氨醇。我们一直关注和了解哮喘相关的知识。我们想可能是用药时间和剂量不足，才导致的，控制不好，我想做一个肺功能检查。看看孩子现在到底控制在一个什么样的水平，不行就从头开始做。咱们医院能做儿童肺功能检查吗？大概价格是多少。此外还应该做什么检查。总共需要多少费用？</span></span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2006,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486260267607,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486260267606,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type2":[{"id":"7311","isDel":0,"createAt":1510283603671,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":1522312616610,"updateBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"梅油油","userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘的症状","content":"<p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">哮喘是一种常见的免疫性炎症，对于那些患者来讲由于他们没有提前了解哮喘的症状，以致于病情一步一步的在恶化，我们要时刻重视哮喘的症状，下面就让我们来看看<strong>小儿哮喘的症状</strong>。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510284390219.jpg\" title=\"小儿哮喘的症状\" alt=\"小儿哮喘的症状\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">喘息和呼吸困难</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　是哮喘的典型症状，喘息的发作往往较突然。呼吸困难呈呼气性呼吸困难，表现为吸气时间短，呼气时间长，患者感到呼气费力，但有些患者感到呼气和吸气都费力。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">胸闷和胸痛</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　哮喘发作时，患者可有胸闷和胸部发紧的感觉。如果哮喘发作较重，可能与呼吸肌过度疲劳和拉伤有关。突发的胸痛要考虑自发性气胸的可能。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">咳嗽、咳痰</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　咳嗽是哮喘的常见症状，由于气道的炎症和支气管痉挛而引起。干咳常是哮喘的前兆。哮喘发作时，咳嗽、咳痰症状反而减轻，以喘息为主。哮喘发作接近尾声时，支气管痉挛和气道狭窄减轻。大量气道分泌物需要排除时，咳嗽、咳痰可能加重，咳出大量的白色泡沫痰。有一部分哮喘患者哮喘急性发作时，以刺激性干咳为主要表现，无明显喘息症状，这部分哮喘称为咳嗽变异性哮喘。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1634,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1510283603673,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1510283603673,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"4436","isDel":0,"createAt":1486198203775,"createBy":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","createName":"海总剑客","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘应早治 三岁内能治愈","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486198798914.jpg\" title=\"1486198798914.jpg\" alt=\"c_2445_4864.jpg\"/></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　家有哮喘宝宝，你该注意什么?</span></strong></p><p>　　“我的宝贝孙子已经咳了两星期，半夜咳得特别厉害，有时整夜咳得没法睡。稍微运动也会咳。宝宝可怜，大人也跟着受苦。医生说他是过敏性哮喘。听说哮喘的小孩不能运动，不能吹冷气，不能打预防针……我们该怎么办?”</p><p>　　这是一位外婆读者写来的信，相信很多家有哮喘宝宝的父母也有诸多疑惑。为了帮您答疑解惑，我们特别采访了有关专家。</p><p>　<strong><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　儿童哮喘不一定喘 三岁以内能完全治愈</span></strong></p><p>　　有的宝宝长期咳嗽，断断续续，时好时坏。当医生诊断为哮喘时，家长很疑惑，宝宝只是“咳”，没有“喘”啊。不喘也可能是哮喘吗?</p><p>　　儿童哮喘病有一半左右的病人，一开始只是以慢性咳嗽来表现，尤其半夜咳得厉害，运动后也容易咳，用普通的感冒药治不好，一拖几星期，这就应该怀疑宝宝得了哮喘了。一般来说宝宝哮喘发作时会出现打喷嚏、胃口不好、咽喉疼痛和咳嗽等症状，症状在宝宝活动后或早起时最明显;宝宝哮喘严重时会出现紫绀及鼻翼扇动现象，宝宝的哮鸣音较粗短、低调，常伴有水泡音。</p><p>　<strong><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　这种不典型的过敏性哮喘的诊断，一般来说并不需要什么特殊的检查设备，根据以下几点简单的病史便可评估：</span></strong></p><p>　　1. 明显的家族过敏史，父母、兄弟姐妹常有过敏性鼻炎、皮肤炎或哮喘病。</p><p>　　2. 有典型的过敏病史：</p><p>　　●从小有异位性皮肤炎(湿疹)，这些湿疹一开始常发生于脸上，随着宝宝慢慢长大，湿疹也会散布到四肢外侧，儿童期后则好发于关节内侧。</p><p>　　●过敏性鼻炎，宝宝一早醒来会喷嚏连连、鼻塞及流鼻水。</p><p>　　●反复性发作的细支气管炎。宝宝有3次以上的喘鸣发作。</p><p>　　3. 对普通感冒药反应不好。很多久咳的宝宝吃了好几个星期的感冒药，症状一点都没改善，但只要给予治疗气喘的药物，效果就很明显，若有这种情形，一定要怀疑宝宝是否得了哮喘。</p><p>　<strong><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　特别提醒：</span></strong></p><p>　　80%的哮喘病例都在5岁前发病。到学龄期，气道可能已经发生了不可逆性终生损害。通常，婴幼儿在3岁以内可以通过合理治疗达到完全控制，但如果病情迁延至青春发育期仍不能控制，则需终身治疗。因此，哮喘的早发现、早诊断、早治疗非常重要。</p><p>　　<strong><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">儿童哮喘病到底会不会治愈?</span></strong></p><p>　　听到自己的宝宝被诊断为哮喘，父母往往都很担心，担心哮喘病将伴随宝宝以后的人生，宝宝的生活将由彩色转为黑白。其实这些都是过度忧虑。</p><p>　　儿童哮喘病患者，气喘症状会随年龄而递减，至少有 1/3患儿会完全痊愈，另有1/3症状会大幅改善，而且会减少其急性发作的次数。所以，假如你的宝宝患了哮喘，大可不必过分忧虑与绝望，但一定要到规范的专科医院找专科专家诊疗，与医生好好配合，坚持执行医生的用药方案并配合一定的哮喘管理，争取最好的治疗效果。</p><p>　<strong><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　特别提醒：</span></strong></p><p>　　●有过敏性哮喘的孩子同时合并有鼻炎的比例要占到80%～87%左右，也就是目前国际上公认的理论：同一气道同一疾病。因此需要上下气道同时治疗，否则事倍功半。</p><p>　<strong><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　激素类药物治疗哮喘</span></strong></p><p>　　在激素药物中，吸入型糖皮质激素是目前最强的局部抗炎药物，也是目前哮喘治疗的最好方法，吸入的药物可以较高浓度直接到达病变部位，因此起效迅。</p><p>　　“儿子有哮喘，是不是他必须经常使用哮喘药物”，专家解释，使用哮喘药物的频率与患者的哮喘严重程度以及症状出现的频率有关。比如，如果患者的症状只在每年过敏原多的季节出现，那么患者只需要在此期间使用药物控制症状。但是，如果不是这种情况，像患者病情不稳，反复发作，那么就需要每天使用药物。家中要经常备好药物，像沙丁胺醇、沙美特罗等。</p><p>　　关于哮喘治疗，首先得要弄清原因，然后才能对症下药，目前，有效的治疗哮喘，关键是要采取个体化治疗。医生对哮喘做出正确的诊断后，根据患儿具体情况，包括了解诱发因素以及患儿以往发作规律，与患儿及家长共同研究，提出并采取一切必要的切实可行的预防措施，包括避免接触过敏原(变应原)、防止哮喘发作、保持病情长期控制和稳定。然后为患者“量身定做”，专门制定一套正规、完整、适合患者自身的治疗方案，切不能一概而论。</p><p>　<strong><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　脱敏治疗 抑制哮喘</span></strong></p><p>　　“对于用吸入药物不能有效地控制哮喘发作，而又是多由过敏原导致的哮喘患儿，可以考虑用标准化脱敏治疗”，专家介绍，脱敏治疗是迄今为止对过敏性疾病进行病因治疗的最直接方法。如果是由狗毛、猫毛、蟑螂、霉菌与花粉类等过敏原所引起的哮喘都可以采用这种方法。</p><p>　　脱敏性治疗哮喘优势很多，其一：标本兼治，起效显著，脱敏彻底，还能克服传统的激素类化学药物只在疾病发作时对症治疗，治标不治本的局限性。其二，安全性高，脱敏治疗哮喘最大程度保障了脱敏治疗的长期用药安全性，从而还减轻了医护人员和患者的心理负担。</p><p>　　“但值得注意的是，治疗哮喘需要长期坚持，然而很多患者却很难做到”，一般接受哮喘治疗需要6个月—2年，患者在病情不稳、反复发作时知道接受治疗，但病情一旦控制，对生活没有什么影响时，常常就忘了再去治疗。“小孩觉得无所谓，能吃能玩，家长也就掉以轻心了”，正是因为不去坚持，才导致患儿病情反反复复，治愈困难。</p><p>　<strong><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　食疗小窍门：</span></strong></p><p>　　*枸杞胡罗卜猪睾汤：鲜猪睾丸两个，去筋膜洗净。取枸杞子15克，胡萝卜120克切块，与猪睾丸一同入锅，加水300毫升，煮熟后浓缩成200毫升，加少许盐调味。分早晚服用。胡萝卜含有β-胡萝卜素，可调节细胞内平衡，减少过敏，枸杞子、睾丸补肝肾。提高免疫力，防止哮喘复发。</p><p>　　*蜂蜜红枣汤：红枣30克，加水煮熟，调入1茶匙蜂蜜服用。红枣含有大量抗过敏物质，蜂蜜中含有微量蜂毒，有抗过敏、治疗哮喘的功用。</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1967,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486198203776,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486198203775,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"4256","isDel":0,"createAt":1486197753197,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘的早期症状有哪些？","content":"<p><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">小儿哮喘早期症状</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">婴幼儿发病前，往往有1～2日的类似支气管炎的上呼吸道感染。</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">年长儿起病比较急，且多在夜间，大多经几小时至1日后逐渐平复。特别严重者，可出现哮喘持续状态，起病一开始即呈危重型哮喘，或持续较长时间，甚至数日。</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1793,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486197753199,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486197753197,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3710","isDel":0,"createAt":1486197692280,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘早期症状？","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#333333\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486197898008.jpg\" title=\"1486197898008.jpg\" alt=\"jkjy_14759276404850.jpg\"/></span></strong></p><p style=\";margin-bottom:0;text-indent:32px;background:white;vertical-align:baseline\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#333333\">一、症状</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">发作时症状</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">患儿烦躁不安，出现呼吸困难，以呼气困难为著，往往不能平卧，坐位时耸肩屈背，呈端坐样呼吸困难，有时喘鸣音可传至窒外，患儿面色苍白，鼻翼扇动，口唇，指甲紫绀，甚至冷汗淋淳，面容怕恐不安，往往显示危重状态，应予积极处理。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">发病初起仅有干咳，以后即表现为喘息症状，随支气管痉挛缓解，排出粘稠白色痰液，呼吸逐渐平复，有的患儿咳嗽剧烈可致上腹部肌肉疼痛，可伴或不伴有发热，胸部体征的吸气时出现胸凹陷等三凹征，而呼气时因胸廓内压增高，在胸骨上凹及肋间隙反见凸出，同时颈静脉显著怒张，叩诊两肺呈鼓音，并有膈肌下移，心浊音界缩小，提示已发生</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">肺气肿</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">但在儿童患独，此种肺气肿体征在病情缓解时多自行消失，故称肺充气征</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，此时呼吸音减弱，全肺可闻喘鸣音及干性罗音，严重病例，尤其</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">哮喘</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">持续状态，两肺几乎吸不到呼吸音，并由于肺动脉痉挛而致右心负荷增加，以及严重低氧</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">血症</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">导致心功能衰竭。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">临床表现也随引起哮喘发作的变应原而异，由上呼吸道感染引起者，胸部常可闻干，湿罗音，并伴发热，白细胞总数增多等现象，如为吸入变应原引志者，先多伴有鼻痒，流清涕，打嚏，干咳，然后出现喘憋，对食物有高度敏感者，大都不发热，除发生哮喘症状外常有口唇及面部浮肿，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">呕吐</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，腹痛，腹泻及</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">荨麻疹</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">等症状，多于进食后数分钟出现，如对食物敏感度较轻，则发生症状比较迟缓，往往只有轻度哮喘或呼吸困难。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">发作间歇期症状</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">此时虽无呼吸困难，表现如正常儿童，但仍可自觉胸部不适，由于导致支气管易感性的病理因素依然存在，在感染或接触外界变应原时可立即触发哮喘发作，但多数患儿症状可全部消失，肺部听不到哮鸣音。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">支气管哮喘</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">患儿的痰液一般是无色粘稠而透明的，有时呈泡沫状，伴有细菌感染时痰液可转黄，痰中可查到大量嗜酸粒细胞，有时可见到夏一科氏</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(Chancot-Lyden)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">结晶，后者是嗜</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">0</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">于低分子量的多肽，多数患儿痰粘稠不易咯出，量少，特症状缓解时，则于咯出多量粘稠而泡沫的痰后呼吸困难明显改善，但在婴幼儿及学龄前儿童，痰液大部分咽下。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">3.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">慢性反复发作症状</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">哮喘本身为一慢性疾病，但有的患儿常年发作，或虽可用药物控制，但缓解期甚短，大多是由于急性发作控制不利或反复感染而发生的结果，由于长期支气管痉挛，气道阻力增加而致肺气肿，体格检查可见胸部呈桶状，前后径加大，肺底下移，心脏相对浊音界缩小，有时虽无急性发作，但活动后亦常感胸闷气急，肺部常可闻及哮央音，或经常合并感染，痰多，由炎性分泌物阻塞而发生</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">肺不张</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，大多见于右肺中叶，有的发展成</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">支气管扩张</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，大多见于右肺中叶，有的发展成支气管扩张，偶见合并</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">纵隔气肿</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">气胸</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，严重者有程度不等的心肺功能损害，甚至发生肺源性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">心脏病</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，对合并变态瓟生</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">鼻炎</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">的患儿，亦可发展成慢性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">鼻窦炎</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">中耳炎</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，随着病程迁延，氧代谢障碍加重，这些患儿常表现身材矮小，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">营养不良</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，驼背，往往呈类似件会面的状态。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#333333\">二、诊断</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">儿童哮喘诊断标准</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">全国儿童哮喘防治协作组</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1998</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">年制定的试行方案</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">婴幼儿哮喘诊断标准：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">①</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">年龄</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">&lt;3</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;color:#333333\">岁，哮喘发作</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">≥3</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">次。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">②</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">发作时双肺闻及呼气相哮鸣音，呼气相延长。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">③</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">具有特应性体质，如</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">过敏</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">湿疹</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">过敏性鼻炎</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">等。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">④</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">父母有哮喘病等过敏性史。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">⑤</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">除外其他引起喘息的疾病。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">凡具有以上</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">①</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">②</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">⑤</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">条即可诊断哮喘，如喘息发作</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2 </span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">次，并具有第</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">②</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">⑤</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">条，诊断为可疑哮喘或喘息性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">支气管炎</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，如同时具有第</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">③</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">和</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">第</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">④</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">条时，可考虑给予哮喘治疗性诊断。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">儿童哮喘诊断标准：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">①</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">年龄</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">≥3</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">岁，喘息呈反复发作者</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或可追溯与某种变应原或刺激因素有关</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">②</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">发作时双肺闻及以呼气相为主的喘鸣音，呼气相延长。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">③</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">支气管扩张剂有明显疗效。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">④</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">除外其他引起喘息，胸闷和咳嗽的疾病。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">对各年龄组疑似哮喘同时肺部有哮鸣音者，可作以下任何一项支气管扩张试验：</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">①</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">用</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family: &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">β2</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">受体激动药的气雾剂或溶液雾化吸入</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">剂量及方法参考上述支气管扩张试验</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">);</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">②</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1‰</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">肾上腺素皮下注射</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">0.01ml/kg</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，每次最大量不超过</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">0.3ml</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，在作以上任何一项试验后</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">15min</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，如果喘息明显缓解及肺部哮鸣音明显减少，或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">FEV1</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">改善</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">≥15%</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，支气管扩张试验阳性，可作哮喘诊断。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">3)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1px;padding:0\">咳嗽变异性哮喘</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(CVA)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">诊断标准：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">①</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">咳嗽持续或反复发作</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">&gt;1</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">个月，常在夜间和</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或</span><span style=\"font-size: 11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">清晨发作，痰少，与闻到刺激性气味，气候改变，运动等有关。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">②</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">临床无感染征象，或经较长期抗生素治疗无效。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">③</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">有个人过敏史或家族过敏史，变应原皮试阳性可辅助诊断。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">④</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">存在气道高反应性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">支气管激发试验阳性</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，支气管扩张试验阳性或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">PEF</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">日变异率或周变异率</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">≥15%</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">。</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">⑤</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">支气管扩张剂和</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">糖皮质激素治疗可使咳嗽发作缓解</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">基本诊断条件</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2.</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#333333\">哮喘的分期及严重度分级哮喘的分期</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">哮喘病程可分为急性发作期及缓解期，哮喘急性发作是指气促，咳嗽，胸闷等症状突然发生或加重，常有呼吸困难和喘鸣，伴有呼气流量降低，缓解期系指经过治疗或未经治疗症状，体征消失，肺功能恢复到急性发作前水平，并维持</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">4</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">周以上。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">哮喘病情的评价：哮喘患者的病情评价应分为</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">个部分：</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">1)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">非急性发作期病情的总评价：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">许多哮喘患者即使就诊当时没有急性发作，但在相当长的时间内总是不同频度和</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">或</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">不同程度地出现症状</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">喘息，咳嗽，胸闷</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">，因此需要依据就诊前一段时间的发作频率，严重程度，需用药物和肺功能情况对其病情进行总的评价。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">当患者已经处于规范化分级治疗期间，哮喘病情严重程度分级则应根据目前的临床表现以及目前每天治疗方案的级别进行综合判断，该分级方法反映了哮喘患者对采用的治疗方案的反应情况，即反映了病情控制情况，以此对选用的治疗方案适时进行调整</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">(</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">升级或降级</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">)</span><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">。</span></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;line-height: inherit;background: white\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;font-family:&#39;microsoft yahei&#39;,&#39;serif&#39;;color:#333333\">2)</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">哮喘急性发作时严重程度的评价：</span></strong></p><p style=\";text-indent: 32px;line-height: 21px;vertical-align: baseline;font-stretch: inherit;background: white\"><span style=\"font-size:11px;color:#333333\">对哮喘急性发作病情严重程度作出正确评估，是给予及时有效治疗的基础，对重症哮喘的认识，是避免哮喘引起死亡的关键。</span></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1590,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486197692281,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486197692280,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3386","isDel":0,"createAt":1486198083746,"createBy":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","createName":"海总剑客","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘的早期症状和感冒很像，家长朋友们千万别上当了！","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img title=\"1486198268964.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486198268964.jpg\" alt=\"20160106163038220.jpg\" /></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　对于小儿哮喘疾病很多家长都比较粗心，不能及时发现孩子患上哮喘还以为孩子只是普通感冒，没有过多关注也没能及时给孩子治疗，因此给孩子带来一些伤害，其实，小儿哮喘在患病时是有一些症状表现的，只是家长忽视了，接下来就由哮喘病医院的专家给大家详细介绍一下哮喘的症状。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、有一种比较不典型的一种小儿哮喘主要就是表现为干咳或者是胸闷为主，我们也听不到哮鸣声，而且它的发病率也没有积极性总是反复性的发作特别是在灰尘比较大的情况下。可以服用些药物有比较显著的效果。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、小儿哮喘的症状我们主要有一些咳嗽或者是咳痰喘息还有就是呼吸困难，这些主要原因就是因为我们身体里的气到他的内壁发生肿胀，或者是分泌物增多，使我们的支持管它有不同程度的缩小。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、临床上面有一些非典型的一些表现，比如说咳嗽变异型哮喘，没有原因的咳嗽两个月以上特别是在晚上就非常容易发作，或者是因为一些冷空气，或者是运动过后就可能会加重。需要用一些皮质激素来进行治疗。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　温馨提示：日常生活中，多了解一些关于哮喘的小常识可以帮助孩子有效的控制病情，同时还要让患儿养成健康的生活习惯，平时多补充营养</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">适当锻炼，增强身体抵抗力，注意保持环境的干净卫生，这样才能远离疾病侵害，让孩子快乐健康成长。</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1943,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486198083748,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486198083746,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3290","isDel":0,"createAt":1486198501285,"createBy":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","createName":"海总剑客","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘用激素药物是否安全有效？","content":"<p>　</p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486198921703.jpg\" title=\"1486198921703.jpg\" alt=\"index.jpg\"/></p><p>　哮喘是儿童最常见的慢性疾病，尤其幼儿期的哮喘给患儿及其家庭带来了沉重的健康和经济负担。近一半的儿童在6岁前至少发作过一次喘息，48%有哮喘病史的学龄前儿童（&lt;5岁）在过去的一年曾有哮喘发作，该比例高于其他任何年龄段的哮喘患者。</p><p>　　儿童哮喘的急诊就诊率和住院率也高于成人哮喘。不考虑经济负担，即使是高收入国家，对儿童哮喘的防治管理都不甚规范。</p><p>　　每日低剂量吸入激素能有效控制哮喘，并能防止反复发作导致的疾病恶化。然而，大多数喘息反复发作和有持续性哮喘症状的学龄前患儿并未做到每日使用抗炎药。</p><p>　　在国外，临床研究已相继证实吸入型糖皮质激素(inhaled \ncorticosteroids，ICS)具有良好的疗效、安全性和依从性，从而在儿科的呼吸道相关疾病（特别是过敏性疾病）领域得到普遍应用。糖皮质激素雾化吸人疗法能有效减少全身糖皮质激素用量、减少住院率、减少患儿的缺课时间。近年来，我国很多医院均建立了专门的雾化治疗中心，糖皮质激素雾化吸入疗法也已成为呼吸道疾病的常规治疗手段之一。</p><p>　　雾化吸入ICS可以有效减轻气道炎症和气道高反应性，控制哮喘症状，改善生命质量，改善肺功能，减少哮喘发作，降低哮喘病死率。研究表明，口服糖皮质激素联合吸入布地奈德混悬液比单用泼尼松龙能更有效地降低哮喘的急性发作。</p><p>　　很多患儿家长对ICS的长期使用有很多顾虑，主要是担心其对儿童生长发育方面的影响。有关这些方面的研究有很多，2012年版GINA( \nThe Global Initiative for \nAsthma)指出，长期低剂量ICS对儿童生长发育和骨骼代谢无显著影响。研究表明，与安慰剂相比，ICS长期维持治疗的全身不良反应（生长迟缓、肾上腺抑制、白内障、骨密度下降和骨折）的风险未见升高，即使采用ICS治疗7—11年后．哮喘儿童仍可达到正常的成人身高。在儿童哮喘的长期控制治疗阶段，ICS是目前首选的哮喘长期控制药物。雾化吸入要求患者主动配合程度最低，因此哮喘儿童可选用雾化吸入布地奈德混悬液作为长期控制治疗药物，可用0.5~1mg/d作为起始治疗剂量。</p><p>　　启动起始治疗1-3个月后进行评估，如控制不良应考虑升级治疗，起始剂量为0.5 mg/d的患儿可将剂量上调至1 mg/d，而起始剂量为1\n mg/d的患儿建议加用其他控制药物如白三烯调节剂进行联合治疗。升级治疗后至少4~6周应再次评估以指导方案的调整直至达到哮喘控制。</p><p>　　如哮喘已达到控制建议每3个月评估1次。哮喘达到控制并维持至少3个月可考虑降级治疗，每次下调ICS剂量25%~ \n50%至最低维持剂量，雾化吸入布地奈德的最低维持剂量为0.25 mg/d。ICS下调至最低维持剂量哮喘症状仍能维持良好控制至少1年，可考虑停药。</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1677,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486198501286,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486198501285,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"2303","isDel":0,"createAt":1486198387941,"createBy":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","createName":"海总剑客","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘首选雾化治疗","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486199324768.jpg\" title=\"1486199324768.jpg\" alt=\"20160106163038220.jpg\"/></p><p><br/></p><p>据介绍，通常治疗儿童喘息性疾病的雾化吸入药物有两大类，主要包括支气管扩张剂，如异丙托溴铵、沙丁胺醇等。另一类是糖皮质激素。</p><p>但在我国，雾化治疗依然面临知晓率低、使用率低、治疗时间不够等问题。只有坚持足够疗程，雾化治疗才能有效的控制宝宝的喘息性疾病。一般来说，周期应至少在4-8周，甚至更长。但遗憾的是，在我国，很多家长对于雾化治疗大多采取“能不用就不用”或者“见好就收”的态度，而这些都将直接影响儿童喘息性疾病的治疗。</p><p>专家呼吁，家长带宝宝做雾化治疗有几点要不得：</p><p>一、切勿病急乱投医。看了一个医生不好又换一个医生；</p><p>二、没有听从医生劝告，没有规范用药，或者频繁换药；</p><p>三、擅自停药；</p><p>四、“游击战”。经常不按时过来，出了问题再来找医生。</p><p><strong>关于雾化治疗家长热点问答解答</strong></p><p><strong>问题1：多大的宝宝可以用雾化吸入？</strong></p><p>专家解答：从宝宝出生之后就可以接受雾化治疗。比如：早产儿支气管发育不良的治疗中经常使用雾化给药方式。</p><p><strong>问题2：宝宝咳喘到什么程度需要用雾化吸入？</strong></p><p>专家解答：雾化是种治疗手段，喘息无论是急性期的治疗还是稳定期的控制都可以使用雾化。</p><p><strong>问题3：雾化吸入痛苦吗？</strong></p><p>专家解答：雾化吸入药物直达病变部位，不通过血液，减少机体的吸收，毒性危害小。可以让宝宝免受头皮针的痛苦，而且不用宝宝配合，只要带上面罩呼吸即可，没有痛苦。</p><p><strong>问题4：雾化吸入有什么副作用吗？</strong></p><p>专家解答：雾化吸入用药安全性高，所用药物剂量远较口服和注射等全身用药量小，仅为口服的1/20-1/40，避免或减少了全身给药方式可能产生的副作用。</p><p><strong>问题5：雾化治疗可以在家里进行吗？有哪些注意事项？</strong></p><p>专家解答：一定要在医生处方指导下进行，医生一般会交代一天做几次，每次多大剂量，治疗后，要求宝宝要洗脸、漱口。特别要强调的是，家长一定要在医生指导下进行剂量的调整。喘息很重的宝宝，不建议在家里做治疗，比如急性哮喘发作的宝宝，一定要到医院进行治疗，病情稳定后可在家里做治疗。</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1984,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486198387943,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486198387941,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"1355","isDel":0,"createAt":1486197851770,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘早期症状是什么","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><img title=\"1486198155777.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486198155777.jpg\" alt=\"11523497_998309.jpg\" /></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">小儿哮喘早期：上呼吸道过敏 小儿哮喘早期症状是什么最为明显的特征就是宝宝上呼吸道过敏，具体为眼痒、鼻痒、打喷嚏、流清涕等表现，由于婴幼儿对痒的表达困难，往往仅表现为揉眼、搓鼻等</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;2 小儿哮喘早期：持续咳嗽且干咳，咽痒 小儿哮喘早期症状是什么？出现揉眼，搓鼻后，进一步的表现是上腭痒、咽痒、干咳和呛咳。年长儿童早期常以阵咳开始，继而出现喘息、呼吸困难等。这些症状通常在哮喘发作前，可持续数小时或数天。 护理：让患儿坐位或半卧位，有利于呼吸，安慰患儿，鼓励多饮水及咳出痰液，尤其是婴幼儿要防止痰液堵塞气管，否则危及生命</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;3 如果是初发哮喘患儿：容易疲劳 小儿哮喘早期症状是什么，若是初发儿童哮喘的症状主要表现在玩耍的时候，会感觉精力不足、体力不足和容易疲劳的症状，可能还会伴有呼吸加快或者呼吸短促等症状的发生。同时还表现在出现喘息，进行大口大口呼气和吸气并且还伴有发出来的声音。 但是最明显的特征是经常咳嗽。因此日常生活中应该及时的养成良好的生活习惯，还要注意保暖，如果一旦发现有感冒等症状的话应该及时的到医院进行检查和治疗。</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;4 若是对食物过敏，发生症状比较迟缓 小儿哮喘早期症状是什么，对食物有高度敏感者，大都不发热，除发生哮喘症状外常有口唇及面部浮肿，呕吐，腹痛，腹泻及荨麻疹等症状，多于进食后数分钟出现，如对食物敏感度较轻，则发生症状比较迟缓，往往只有轻度哮喘或呼吸困难。 护理：避免哮喘诱因，比如已经知道孩子对某些食物过敏就千万别让他们再吃。</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;5 小儿哮喘早期起病急：一开始就会有呼吸困难 小儿哮喘早期起病急的情况，一开始有呼吸困难的症状，随之会气促鼻翼扇动，严重时可出现三凹征的症状，其表现为胸胃上窝、胁骨间隙及剑突下，在吸气时凹陷，如不及时处理，可出现缺氧，口唇紫绀，伴有咳嗽及泡沫痰，哮喘持续不缓解时，严重的缺氧使小儿有烦躁不安、出汗、精神萎靡、面色苍白、青紫等严重症状。儿童如果一旦发生以上症状应立即去医院治疗。&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">6 小儿哮喘一定要及时的防治，否则会更加的严重&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">1、应该积极地治疗，争取完全控制症状。&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">2、保护和维持尽可能正常的肺功能。</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;3、避免或减少药物的不良反应。为了达到上述目标，关键是制定合理的治疗方案和坚持长期治疗。吸入疗法是达到较好疗效和减少不良反应的重要措施。</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;4、加强身体锻炼，增强机体的抵抗力。冬季锻炼能提高呼吸道粘膜对冷空气的适应能力。</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;5、合理调节室温，预防感冒，冬季室内温度不宜过高，否则与室外温差大，易患感冒。夏天，不宜贪凉，使用空调温度要适中，否则外出易患&ldquo;热伤风&rdquo;诱发支气管炎发作。&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 微软雅黑, 'Arial Narrow', HELVETICA; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">6、流感流行季节，尽量少到人群中去，大量出汗不要突然脱衣，以防受凉，注意随季节改变增减衣服。</span><br /><br /><br /></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1986,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486197851772,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486197851770,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:小儿哮喘症状、小儿哮喘如何确诊、小儿哮喘能根治吗、小儿哮喘怎么办、病友的治疗经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"小儿哮喘症状_小儿哮喘能根治吗_小儿哮喘怎么办_小儿哮喘如何确诊","title":"小儿哮喘症状_小儿哮喘能根治吗_小儿哮喘怎么办_小儿哮喘如何确诊","channels":{"病友社区":{"description":"为病友提供:小儿哮喘论坛_儿童哮喘论坛，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"小儿哮喘论坛_儿童哮喘论坛","title":"小儿哮喘论坛_儿童哮喘论坛","channels":null},"治疗":{"description":"为您提供:小儿哮喘的自然疗法_儿童哮喘的最佳治疗方法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"小儿哮喘的自然疗法_儿童哮喘的最佳治疗方法","title":"小儿哮喘的自然疗法_儿童哮喘的最佳治疗方法","channels":null},"症状":{"description":"为您提供:儿童哮喘的症状有哪些?_宝宝哮喘的症状有哪些等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"儿童哮喘的症状有哪些?_宝宝哮喘的症状有哪些","title":"儿童哮喘的症状有哪些?_宝宝哮喘的症状有哪些","channels":null},"并发症":{"description":"为您提供:儿童哮喘并发症_儿童哮喘的危害及预防等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"儿童哮喘并发症_儿童哮喘的危害及预防","title":"儿童哮喘并发症_儿童哮喘的危害及预防","channels":null},"饮食":{"description":"为您提供:哮喘儿童的饮食禁忌_哮喘儿童的不能吃什么等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"哮喘儿童的饮食禁忌_哮喘儿童的不能吃什么","title":"哮喘儿童的饮食禁忌_哮喘儿童的不能吃什么","channels":null},"病因":{"description":"为您提供:小儿哮喘的原因是什么_小儿哮喘是怎么引起的等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"小儿哮喘的原因是什么_小儿哮喘是怎么引起的","title":"小儿哮喘的原因是什么_小儿哮喘是怎么引起的","channels":null},"病友求助":{"description":"为您提供:儿童哮喘为什么以6岁为界_儿童哮喘能根治吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"儿童哮喘为什么以6岁为界_儿童哮喘能根治吗","title":"儿童哮喘为什么以6岁为界_儿童哮喘能根治吗","channels":null},"预防":{"description":"为您提供:儿童哮喘的预防_如何预防儿童哮喘等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"儿童哮喘的预防_如何预防儿童哮喘","title":"儿童哮喘的预防_如何预防儿童哮喘","channels":null}}},"focus":0,"type1":[{"id":"7309","isDel":0,"createAt":1510283457936,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":1522312560965,"updateBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"梅油油","userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘有哪些治疗方法","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"></span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"></span></span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">随着人们物质水平的提高和生活环境的改变，许多疾病也就不知不觉的发生在我们身上，哮喘的早期症状与感冒相似，很容易被人患上，这就造成患者的病情会被加重，下面就由找良医网为大家讲解<strong>哮喘如何治疗</strong>。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:5px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"></span><br/></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510284278163.jpg\" title=\"小儿哮喘有哪些治疗方法\" alt=\"小儿哮喘有哪些治疗方法\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1、防止病毒感染</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　呼吸道感染尤其是</span>RSV感染和小儿哮喘发作有密切关系，故防止病毒性呼吸道感染很重要。目前国内外有效抗病毒药物较少，常采用：</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1)干扰素，有广谱抗病毒作用，有用干扰素气雾剂防治病毒性呼吸道感染，阻止哮喘发作的报道，但来源困难，价格昂贵，且疗程越长，副作用日见增多;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2)病毒唑气雾剂，对防治感染性哮喘取得一定疗效，可自鼻中滴入，或气雾吸入，每日2～3次。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2、稳定细胞膜</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　通过稳定肥大细胞细胞膜，抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒，从而阻止化学介质释放，可达到预防哮喘发作的目的。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1)色甘酸钠是首选预防药。此药在肠道不吸收，需半粉剂20mg，置于喷雾吸入器吸用，每日3～4次。一般在2～4周后可发生作用，疗程4～6月。但此药无舒张支气管作用，对急性发作无效。有个别病儿吸入此药反可诱发支气管哮喘。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2)酮替芬，可口服，亦有稳定肥大细胞细胞膜作用及抗组织胺作用，适用于所有类型哮喘。剂量为0.08～0.12mg/kg/d，至少服6～12月，但此药舒张支气管作用亦不强，目前已作为预防哮喘发作而广泛应用，副作用有嗜睡、头晕、困乏等，儿童比成人少见。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3、锻炼身体</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　体格锻炼对长期患哮喘的儿童极为重要，可与药物治疗同时进行。体格锻炼可促进血液循环及新陈代谢，改善呼吸功能，增强肌肉张力，提高机体对温度和外界环境变化的适应能力，参加体育锻炼还可促进食欲，保持精神愉快，提高机体的抗病能力。此外，还应建立规律的生活制度，因地制宜循序渐进地增加运动量，进行冷水洗脸、洗脚等锻炼，及夏季参加游泳活动等均为有益的锻炼方式。只要在医生指导及一定药物的治疗下，持之以恒，体育锻炼是预防哮喘发作，调节机体机能状态的重要措施。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　4、中医中药治疗</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　在发作间隙期中医主张扶正培本，加强健脾益气补肾之法。用传统的</span>“冬病夏治”、“夏病冬治”法已被广泛采用。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1618,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1510283457937,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1510283457937,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"4685","isDel":0,"createAt":1486192645573,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"小儿支气管哮喘病因","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486193004447.jpg\" title=\"1486193004447.jpg\" alt=\"11523497_998309.jpg\"/></p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">1.过敏原</span></p><p>过敏物质大致分为三类：<span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">①引起感染的病原体及其毒素</span>&nbsp;小儿哮喘发作常和呼吸道感染密切相关，尤其是病毒及支原体感染。婴幼儿哮喘中绝大多数是由于呼吸道感染所致，主要病原体是呼吸道病毒，如合胞病毒（RSV）、腺病毒、流感、副流感病毒等。现已证明合胞病毒感染可因发生特异性免疫球蛋白IgE介导Ⅰ型变态反应而发生喘息。其他如鼻窦炎、扁桃体炎、龋齿等局部感染也可能是诱发因素。<span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">②吸入过敏原</span>&nbsp;通常自呼吸道吸入，国内应用皮肤试验显示，引起哮喘最主要过敏原为尘螨、屋尘、霉菌、多价花粉（蒿属、豚草）、羽毛等，亦有报告接触蚕发哮喘，特别是螨作为吸入性变应原，在呼吸道变态反应性疾病中占有一定重要地位。儿童期对螨的过敏比成人为多，春秋季是螨生存的最短适宜季节，因此尘螨性哮喘好发于春秋季，且夜间发病者多见。此外，吸入变应原所致哮喘发作往往与季节、地区和居住环境有关，一旦停止接触，症状即可减轻或消失。<span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">③食入过敏原</span>&nbsp;主要为异性蛋白质，如牛奶、鸡蛋、鱼虾、香料等，食物过敏以婴儿期为常见，4～5岁以后逐渐减少。</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">2.非特异性刺激物质</span></p><p>如灰尘、烟（包括香烟及蚊香）、气味（工业刺激性气体、烹调时油气味及油膝味）等。这些物质均为非抗原性物质，可刺激支气管黏膜感觉神经末梢及迷走神经，引起反射性咳嗽和支气管痉挛，长期持续可导致气道高反应性，有时吸入冷空气也可诱发支气管痉挛。有学者认为空气污染日趋严重，也可能是支气管哮喘患病率增加重要原因之一。</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">3.气候</span></p><p>儿童患者对气候变化很敏感，如气温突然变冷或气压降低，常可激发哮喘发作，因此，一般春秋两季儿童发病明显增加。</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">4.精神因素</span></p><p>儿童哮喘中精神因素引起哮喘发作虽不如成人为明显，但哮喘儿童也常受情绪影响，如大哭大笑或激怒恐惧后可引起哮喘发作。有学者证明在情绪激动或其他心理活动障碍时常伴有迷走神经兴奋。</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">5.遗传因素</span></p><p>哮喘具有遗传性，患儿家庭及个人过敏史，如哮喘、婴儿湿疹、荨麻疹、过敏性鼻炎等的患病率较一般群体为高。</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">6.运动</span></p><p>国外报道大部分哮喘患儿，运动常可激发哮喘，又称运动性哮喘，多见于较大儿童，剧烈持续（5～10分钟以上）的奔跑以后最易诱发哮喘，其发生机理是免疫性的。</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">7.药物</span></p><p>药物引起的哮喘也较常见。主要有两类药物，一类是阿司匹林及类似的解热镇痛药，可造成所谓内源性哮喘，如同时伴有鼻窦炎及鼻息肉，则称为阿司匹林三联症；其他类似药物有消炎痛、甲灭酸等，引起哮喘的机理可能为阿司匹林抑制前列腺素合成，导致环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）含量减少，释放化学介质引起哮喘，这类哮喘常随年龄增长而减少，青春期后发病见少。另一类药物为作用于心脏的药物，如心得安、心得平等可阻断β受体而引起哮喘，此外很多喷雾吸入剂亦可因刺激咽喉反射性引起支气管痉挛，如色甘酸钠、痰易净等，其他如碘油造影，磺胺药过敏也常可诱发哮喘发作。</p><p>以上为诱发哮喘的常见危险因素，有些因素只引起支气管痉挛，如运动及冷空气；有些因素可以突然引起哮喘的致死性发作，如药物及职业性化学物质。</p><p><a class=\"lemma-anchor para-title\" style=\"color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;\"></a><a class=\"lemma-anchor \" style=\"color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;\"></a><a class=\"lemma-anchor \" style=\"color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;\"></a></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1860,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486192645574,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486192645573,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"4262","isDel":0,"createAt":1486193029535,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"爸妈们切记的儿童哮喘治疗原则","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486193927311.jpg\" title=\"1486193927311.jpg\" alt=\"jkjy_14759276404850.jpg\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">中国有句古话说<strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">“</strong>是药三分毒”，真可谓老少皆知，这也是许多哮喘儿童家长的共识。尤其是对于激素类药物，更让大家心生恐惧。并导致很多家长不愿意给孩子长期使用药物，一旦孩子症状消失，不喘了，就给孩子减药甚至停药，殊不知，这样做很可能会导致病情加重，使哮喘频繁发作。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">不要被”平静”的假象蒙蔽了双眼</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">哮喘是一种慢性炎症性气道疾病，即使没有明显的症状，气道中的炎症和高反应性依然存在<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">1,2</sup>。此时，哮喘病情仍然在不断变化着，若此时家长擅自停药，而导致孩子没有接受规范治疗。这样一来，一旦孩子免疫力下降或遇到过敏原等诱发因素，哮喘就会频繁发作。国外有研究指出，没有接受规范治疗可使哮喘急性发作的风险增加2.35倍<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">3</sup>。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 哮喘急性发作时，孩子咳嗽、气喘等症状加重，甚至可危及生命。而且哮喘每一次发作都会使肺功能下降，疾病加重，并导致更频繁的急性发作，形成恶性循环。长此以往，将导致肺部功能的遭受不可逆转的损伤。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">规范治疗，抗喘到底！&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">由于每个孩子的具体情况并不相同，医生会为您的孩子制定最适宜的个体化治疗方案，遵守医嘱并定期至医院随访是哮喘治疗的关键所在！</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">通常情况下，大部分哮喘患儿需要长期维持治疗。我国的哮喘防治指南指出，哮喘治疗的总疗程一般为2年左右，少数病情重的患儿疗程还要延长<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">4</sup>。吸入性糖皮质激素是儿童哮喘治疗中最重要的长期抗炎药物，每日吸入低剂量糖皮质激素可以有效控制气道炎症，缓解症状，预防急性发作<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">5</sup>。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">虽说是长期用药，家长也完全不必过于担心，吸入性糖皮质激素和口服激素完全不是同一回事，吸入性糖皮质激素通过装置直接到达需要治疗的目标器官，只需很少剂量就可以迅速起效，改善症状，而且极少分布到身体其他部位，安全性更高<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">6</sup>，连婴幼儿都可以放心使用<sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">1</sup>。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;\">研究证实，长期低剂量使用吸入型糖皮质激素，甚至使用7~11年后，对儿童的身高、体重、智力等各项生长发育均无显著影响</span><sup style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;\">7-9</span></sup><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;\">，此外，目前也没有相关证据指出吸入型糖皮质长期治疗与肥胖和激素依赖的发生具有明显相关性。因此，只要遵循医生嘱咐，坚持正规治疗，完全不必过度担忧！</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;\">最后，需要提醒大家的是，哮喘治疗是一个长期的过程，家长要有耐心和信心，千万不可看到孩子病情稳定未发作就随意减量或停药。应遵循医嘱，严格按照医生的指导使用药物并至少每3个月至医院随访检查，以便于医生更好地了解孩子病情，及时调整治疗方案。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1724,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486193029536,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486193029535,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3583","isDel":0,"createAt":1486192953562,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘治疗的最佳年龄","content":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486193715206.jpg\" title=\"1486193715206.jpg\" alt=\"u=2921772712,184011679&amp;fm=23&amp;gp=0.jpg\"/></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(88, 88, 88); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 儿童是比较容易患上哮喘，由于孩子的年纪小，很多家长迟迟没有进行治疗，就是不知道最佳的治疗时间。那么，儿童哮喘治疗最佳时间是什么时候?</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(88, 88, 88); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(88, 88, 88); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; text-indent: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　儿童哮喘治疗最佳时间是越早越好，6岁之前控制最理想。经济的发展，带给你们快乐的生活的同时，也同样给你们带来很大的危害，环境的破坏，大气，水源的污染问题正在深刻的影响着人们的生活质量，目前医学数据表明过敏性体质婴儿越来越多，这是目前过敏性儿童哮喘治疗数量持续增加的重要原因，对于儿童哮喘治疗最佳时间是青春期（即12、13岁）之前控制住，当然年龄越小越好，6岁之前更佳。如在此时得到合理的治疗，那么哮喘症状有可以得到有效控制，并且望治愈，如果延误了治疗时间那么有80%的可能转化为中年性哮喘，那么治疗的难度和治疗费用都有增加，所以建议患者家长对于儿童哮喘治疗应合理及时。</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1461,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486192953565,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486192953562,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"2776","isDel":0,"createAt":1486192859679,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘雾化吸入治疗","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（一）什么是吸入疗法？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">吸入疗法是目前哮喘治疗首选的给药方法。采用吸入疗法时，药物以气溶胶的形式输出，随呼吸气流进入体内。由于气溶胶具有巨大的接触面，有利于药物与气道表面黏膜上皮细胞接触而发挥药效。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（二）雾化吸入疗法的给药技术介绍</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">射流雾化：以压缩泵或氧气驱动的雾化器是目前临床最常用的雾化吸入器具，其原理是高速运</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">动的压缩气体通过狭小开口后突然减压，在局部产生负压将药液吸出并形成药雾微粒，其中大药雾微粒通过挡板回落至贮药池，小药雾微粒则随气流输</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">出。药雾微粒的大小与气流的压力和流速有关，增加气流速度可使雾化输出量增加，减小药雾微粒，缩短雾化时间，并使患儿的依从性更好。在应用射流雾化吸入器时，药池的液量要充足，一般用量为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">4ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">，可在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">10min</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">内输出全部药液。目前是临床上使用最普遍的，常用的进口品牌如德国百瑞、日本欧姆龙等。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">滤网式雾化：通过振动等方式使药液透过网孔进行雾化。与射流雾化相比，滤网式雾化输出的可吸入微颗粒的比例略低，价格较高，但是装置体积小、重量轻、便于携带，且使用时噪音小，还可以倾斜使用。目前滤网式雾化器的种类有限，如欧姆龙网式雾化器。但是，滤网耐久性能较低是它的最大缺点。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">超声雾化：通过压电晶片产生的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2MHz </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">的高频超声，从而在储药池的顶层液面形成雾粒，但对于混悬液而言，药雾微粒并不能完全到达能形成雾粒的液面顶层；同时，超声雾化的气雾水粒密度大，有效颗粒少，并可增加气道阻力；超声雾化器的高频还可以转化成热能，可能影响糖皮质激素类药物的活性。因此使用超声雾化器时，药雾微粒输出效能较低，大部分药物最终留存在残留液中，不适用于哮喘等喘息性疾病的治疗。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">由于不同雾化器输出微颗粒的效能差异较大，并可以直接影响到治疗效果，建议避免选用不能提供确切空气动力学数据及有关临床疗效证据的雾化器。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（三）雾化吸入的给药特点</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">雾化吸入局部给药治疗指数高、安全性好。</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">吸入药物可以直接作用于气道黏膜，局部作用强，且局部药物浓度愈高、疗效亦愈好。雾化吸入是最不需要患儿刻意配合的吸入疗法，适用于任何年龄的儿童。同时，一般雾化吸入治疗的药量仅为全身用药量的几十分之一，由此可避免或减少全身给药（如糖皮质激素）可能产生的潜在的不良反应。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（四）雾化治疗相比较于药物治疗的优点有哪些？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">局部给药，直达病灶，作用直接，全身副作用少。相比于口服药，雾化吸入激素是起效快，安全有效；用药量小，不及其他用药方式的几十分之一。对于一些病毒感染引起的喘息，雾化吸入治疗可明显减轻症状，缩短病程。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（五）雾化颗粒大小对于治疗效果的影响？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">国际上认证的雾化颗粒值达到</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&mu;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">m</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">就能确保药物能够直达下呼吸道和肺泡。其中，直径</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&mu;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">m</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">的药雾微粒最为适宜，</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&gt;5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&mu;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">m</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">的微粒绝大多数被截留在口咽部，最终经吞咽进入体内；而</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&lt;0.5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&mu;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">m</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">的微粒虽能达到下呼吸道，但在潮气呼吸时，</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">90</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">％药雾微粒又可随呼气而排出体外，影响治疗效果。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&lt; span=\"\"&gt;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（六）如何选择雾化机？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">雾化颗粒值在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&mu;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">m</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">之间能达到下呼吸道和肺泡，药物雾化颗粒数值大小会直接影响到雾化治疗的效果。雾化时间约在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">10</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">分钟左右。质量好的雾化机噪音在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">65</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">分贝以内，正规生产制造商均有明确标示。噪音大的雾化机，机器易发烫，机身过热会造成雾化出的压缩气体有异味。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（七）雾化吸入时应注意的问题？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">在家雾化过程中，一旦患儿咳嗽，喘息，气促等症状加重，建议立即停止雾化吸入治疗，及时到医院复诊。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">雾化前应置患儿于坐立，半坐立或侧卧，尽量避免仰卧吸入。幼儿的胸腔相对较小，仰卧吸入，患儿易出现烦躁、气促等缺氧症状。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">雾化药物可常温放置，不用放在冰箱内冷藏。因为如果吸入雾化液温度低于人体温度，可能会导致咳嗽或气急加重。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">雾化前不要涂抹油性面霜。雾化后立即清洗脸部、漱口，以减少经皮肤吸收的药量，并防止药物残留于口腔造成口腔溃疡或念珠菌感染。如果年纪太小不会漱口，可以多喝些清水或者用湿润的棉签清洁口腔。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">雾化环境应安静，年纪较小的患儿可以睡着后竖直抱起做雾化或在哭闹减轻时再做。因为儿童哭吵时吸气短促，药雾微粒主要以惯性运动方式留存在口咽部，而且烦躁不安也使面罩不易固定，会影响病情的治疗和控制，因此最好在安静状态下进行雾化吸入。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（八）雾化吸入常用的药物有哪些？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">糖皮质激素：即普米克令舒（又叫布地奈德混悬液），每支的规格为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1mg/2ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&beta;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">受体激动剂（即支气管扩张剂）：</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">①博利康尼（硫酸特布他林雾化液），每支的规格为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5mg/2ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">②万托林雾化溶液（硫酸沙丁胺醇溶液），每瓶的规格为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">100mg/20ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">抗胆碱能药物：</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">①爱全乐（异丙托溴铵溶液）每支的规格为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">0.5mg/2ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">②可比特（异丙托溴铵</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">+</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">硫酸沙丁胺醇溶液），是唯一一种雾化用的复方制剂，每支的规格为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">0.5mg/3.0mg/2.5ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（九）雾化吸入疗法在儿童常用于治疗哪些疾病？</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">根据</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2014</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">年修订版《糖皮质激素雾化吸入疗法在儿科应用的专家共识》，明确指出吸入疗法在儿童呼吸系统疾病中，可用于以下疾病的治疗：</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">支气管哮喘：</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">①急性发作期的快速缓解治疗；</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">②非急性发作期的长期控制治疗；</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">③支气管哮喘急性发作先兆期的预先干预治疗。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">咳嗽变异性哮喘</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">感染后咳嗽</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">4.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">婴幼儿喘息</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">肺炎支原体肺炎</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">6.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">急性喉气管支气管炎</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">7.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">支气管肺发育不良</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">（十）家庭雾化吸入糖皮质激素（简写</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">ICS</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">）时的注意事项</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">需要长期雾化吸入</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">ICS</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">治疗的患儿均可考虑家庭雾化治疗。在家庭雾化吸入</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">ICS</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">治疗过程中必须加强对患儿及其家长的教育，使之对长期雾化吸入治疗有一个正确、全面的认识，提高依从性，从而提高疗效和安全性。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">建议相对固定主诊医生，既了解患儿病情，也便于及时调整治疗方案。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">需要由专科医生制定完整、个体化的家庭雾化治疗计划，并定期复诊。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">专科医生可以帮助家长选择合适的雾化吸入装置，指导家长具体操作，告知雾化吸入的注意事项等。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">4.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">对于已能熟练掌握雾化吸入治疗的家长，专科医生可以进一步指导在患儿病情加重时的药物加量以及增加吸入次数等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5.</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">对于哮喘持续未能控制的患儿以及需要雾化治疗的其他中重度呼吸系统疾病的患儿，必须要在专科医师的指导下合理调整治疗方案，不推荐在家中随意自行增加剂量。</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1672,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486192859681,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486192859679,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"2032","isDel":0,"createAt":1486192344713,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘心理治疗效果","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">儿童哮喘是小儿的常见病多发病，引起儿童哮喘的原因有很多种，如病毒、支原体等所致呼吸道感染，天气变化、运动过度、劳累等，但是您知道吗有许多患儿的哮喘是由不良的心理因素诱发造成的。因此从这个角度来看，此病亦是一种心理性疾病。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">有的患儿在看惊险电影、电视镜头时，或解答很复杂的数学题时，会出现哮喘发作，还有的因平时受父母</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">(</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">特别是母亲</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">)</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">过分溺爱，突然受到责骂时，也会引起哮喘发作。而父母焦虑、抑郁的情绪也会影响到孩子，诱发哮喘的发作。我有一个病人，他妈妈属于特别容易精神紧张的人，由于孩子的哮喘在未得到规范化治疗前频繁发作，所以他妈妈犹如惊弓之鸟一般，在孩子正规吸药后，有一点咳嗽都要立即带到我那里，当着孩子的面不停的问我：&ldquo;于医生，喘不喘？喘不喘？&rdquo;终于，在规范化治疗四个月后，孩子的哮喘再一次发作。这次发作和他母亲极度焦虑的情绪不无关系。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　因此，家长除了对患儿进行必要的药物治疗外，切不可忽视心理治疗的作用。家长要保持一种良好平和的心态，避免焦虑的情绪影响患儿；要耐心解释，让患儿树立战胜疾病的信心</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">还要创造一个和睦的家庭环境，让孩子参加集体活动在生活与学习中尽可能培养孩子的各种兴趣，等等，这对预防、缓解和根治支气管哮喘相当重要。</span></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1991,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486192344714,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486192344713,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"1526","isDel":0,"createAt":1486192716951,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童哮喘常见误区","content":"<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff;\"><img title=\"1486193096884.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486193096884.jpg\" alt=\"jkjy_14759276404850.jpg\" /></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">哮喘是一种气道高反应性的慢性炎症性疾病，是儿童时期较常见的慢性疾病。由于很多家长在哮喘的认识上存在片面误区，常导致孩子哮喘反复发作，经久不愈...（本文作者系湖南省儿童医院呼吸一科主任、全省哮喘专科知名专家饶花平教授）</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区一、父母或长辈没有哮喘遗传或过敏，孩子就不会患哮喘（哮喘会遗传吗？）</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">许多家长都认为，自己没哮喘和过敏，孩子就不会患哮喘。其实哮喘的发病因素和诱发因素多种多样，家里有遗传倾向或过敏家族史，孩子患哮喘的几率会更高，但没有遗传或过敏家族史，并不能保证孩子不患哮喘，因为反复呼吸道感染、气候气温因素、剧烈运动、情绪等因素均可能导致哮喘发作。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区二、哮喘都会&ldquo;喘&rdquo;，没有&ldquo;喘息&rdquo;就不是哮喘</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">不少家长以为，哮喘是时刻都有喘息，不喘息就不是哮喘。其实哮喘只在急性发作时才会有明显的喘息症状，缓解期和正常人并无多大区别。另外，还有一些特殊哮喘类型，如咳嗽变异性哮喘，仅表现为长期的干咳，并无明显的喘息症状。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区三、哮喘长大了自然会好，所以不用治疗。</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">随着年龄的增长，免疫力的增强，有一部分哮喘孩子哮喘发作次数的确会减少，症状减轻，甚至在青春期不治而愈，但这种机率不到三分之一。而哮喘是一种反复发作的疾病，如果听之任之，势必会</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">错失治疗时机，影响孩子现在和将来的生活质量。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区四、激素副作用大，不能长期使用。</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">哮喘是一种慢性的气道炎症性疾病，</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">这种气道炎症使用抗生素治疗无效，目前全球防治哮喘疗效最好、副作用最少的方法是微量激素吸入法。可激素的副作用几乎深入人心，很多家长都惧怕激素影响孩子的生长发育（长不高、肥胖等），担心性早熟、药物依赖等等。所以常拒绝给孩子用激素预防药或过早停药，结果导致孩子哮喘发作越来越频繁。其实哮喘不能控制的危险远比激素治疗的危害要大。微量激素预防用药使用的药物剂量非常少且多在气道局部发挥作用，进入血液循环的量微乎其微，因此引起的全身不良反应明显少于其它途径给药（静脉、口服）；而哮喘急性发作时需要口服或静脉用激素消炎才能控制，其一次用量比吸入性预防用药半年的量还要大得多，而且因为100%进入血液循环，副作用也要大的多。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区五、有喘息就治疗，不喘息可停药</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">很多家长在孩子哮喘发作时特别紧张，积极就医。而一旦病情控制进入哮喘缓解期后，就会放松警惕，甚至认为只要&ldquo;不喘&rdquo;就是好了，就不必再吃药了。或嫌天天用药麻烦或担心激素用多了影响孩子生长发育或考虑经济开支问题，用药时</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">断</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">时</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">续</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">或擅自停药</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">。</span><span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">其实哮喘是一种气道慢性炎症疾病，即使没有症状，但气道炎症仍然存在，此时停药，稍有风吹草动，又会诱发哮喘。因此哮喘能不能很好地得到控制，很大程度取决于家长能不能坚持规范化治疗。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区六、鸡蛋牛奶海鲜易过敏，哮喘病人不能吃</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">众所周知，鸡蛋牛奶海鲜产品是最容易引起儿童过敏的食物，所以许多哮喘家长都不敢给孩子吃鸡蛋牛奶和海鲜。其实，易过敏食物只是引起过敏发生的机率比其它食物要高些，但并不代表每个孩子摄入后都会过敏。只要不过敏，哮喘儿童是不需要刻意去忌口的。对有过敏体质或从小湿疹严重的哮喘儿童来说，首先应到医院积极查找引起孩子哮喘发作的过敏原，一旦明确孩子对某些食物或物品过敏，就要积极避免再次接触，以免加重过敏状态。对于哮喘儿童，首次吃某种食物时，可先少量试吃，无咳嗽皮疹等身体不适，以后可放心吃，以保证营养的均衡。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区七、运动可引发哮喘，哮喘病人宜少动</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">其实，室外运动不仅可促使肺功能发育，增强肺活量，还可增强呼吸道防御能力。相反，不&ldquo;敢&rdquo;动的孩子体质反而会变弱，病情加重。对于运动性哮喘患儿，运动前可先预防性用药，即可有效预防哮喘发作。此外，运动前的热身，能使呼吸道对环境的温度和湿度有个逐步适应过程，这可减少哮喘发作。但哮喘孩子应避免剧烈运动，如各种竞技类体育比赛。适宜哮喘儿童参加的体育锻炼有游泳、快走、慢跑等，其中游泳是最有效的运动方式。</span></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<strong style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">误区八、肺功能正常就可排除哮喘</strong></p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 26px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　<span style=\"border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">肺功能的损害在儿童期往往是可逆的，在哮喘初期或哮喘缓解期，孩子的肺功能也可能表现为正常肺功能，所以肺功能正常并不能排除孩子没有哮喘，只能代表目前疾病对孩子肺功能未造成明显损害。</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1739,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486192716953,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486192716951,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"1145","isDel":0,"createAt":1486193100974,"createBy":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小宝妈","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"79dd3305ea7611e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童运动性哮喘","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><img title=\"1486193640000.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486193640000.jpg\" alt=\"5695f91781b29.jpg\" /></strong></span></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">孩子们在沙发上蹦蹦跳跳是最常见的一幕，殊不知，有些孩子跳沙发，不但没起到锻炼的效果，反而易儿童运动性哮喘。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">俊俊正读幼儿园中班，他的病情让妈妈叶女士忧虑。原来，俊俊咳嗽一个多月，不发烧，也不流鼻涕，但一运动就咳，咳得厉害时喘不过气，吃了许多止咳药、消炎药，缓解几天，但几天后又出现病情反复，丝毫没有歇住的意思。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">我接诊后问：&ldquo;俊俊平时爱跳沙发吗？&rdquo;叶女士说：&ldquo;主任，你怎么知道的？他每天在家没事就爱跳沙发，特别是看电视时，一看卡通片，看得高兴更是跳得欢，我们家新买不到3个月的沙发，都快让他跳坏了！&rdquo;</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">听到这里，我大致了解了情况，告诉叶女士，孩子的咳就是与跳沙发有关，越跳就会越咳。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">叶女士听后，大吃一惊：&ldquo;啊？真没听说过呢，还以为他是感冒后留下的手尾，也怀疑俊俊是不是有哮喘呢！&rdquo;</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">我给叶女士解释道：&ldquo;其实这就是运动后咳嗽，是一种咳嗽变异性哮喘。&rdquo;</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">运动后咳嗽，可能是咳嗽变异性哮喘</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">咳嗽变异性哮喘是孩子常见的呼吸道疾病之一，由于孩子的支气管黏膜娇嫩，抵抗外界病菌感染能力低，因而很容易发生炎症。而喜爱跳动的小孩，因为持续剧烈运动后易诱发气道高反应，导致气道的狭窄和气道阻力增高而咳嗽。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">门诊上经常会碰到一些因咳嗽就诊的孩子，家长都反映说，孩子咳嗽已一个多月或更长时间，一般情况下症状轻，且发作也是阵发性的，多数家长刚开始都不太重视。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">有的孩子咳嗽多在夜间或凌晨，不气喘也不发热，有时做胸部X片及血液检查都没有明显异常，运动或哭闹时咳嗽加重。这种咳嗽可能就是运动后咳嗽，临床上称为咳嗽变异性哮喘。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">家庭护理很重要，沙发少跳</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">家庭护理是治疗的一个重要环节，除了及时就医和合理用药外，家长应密切观察小孩平时的好动程度，平时运动要适当才利于提高免疫力，因运动诱发变异性哮喘的小孩应适当限制运动强度。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25.2px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">尤其值得一提的是，上幼儿园这个年龄段的小朋友回家都喜欢在沙发上跳来跳去，殊不知一来跳沙发的运动量很大，容易诱发咳嗽变异性哮喘，另一方面不少家庭选用的布艺沙发，由于孩子的跳跃导致不少藏在沙发垫里的粉尘等微小物质散发，也可能诱发该病。家长应该诱导孩子进行其他的一些活动，尽量避免在沙发上跳跃。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1968,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486193100975,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486193100974,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type0":[{"id":"9259","isDel":0,"createAt":1513222739816,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"久咳不愈 当心哮喘在作祟","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513222764279.jpg\" title=\"久咳不愈 当心哮喘在作祟\" alt=\"久咳不愈 当心哮喘在作祟\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">咳嗽的经历相信大家都有过，引起咳嗽的原因有很多，例如</span>“感冒”后会出现咳嗽，咽炎，支气管炎及肺炎都会出现咳嗽。然而有的人没有明显的呼吸道感染征兆，突然就咳嗽起来而且没完没了，这究竟是怎么一回事呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">相信咳嗽大家都经历过，引起咳嗽的原因有很多，例如</span>“感冒”后会出现咳嗽，咽炎，支气管炎及肺炎都会出现咳嗽。然而有的人咳嗽几天就好了，也有的人咳嗽一两周就好了，但有的人却咳嗽很长时间都不好甚至越来越重，还有的人没有明显的呼吸道感染征兆，突然就咳嗽起来而且没完没了，这究竟是怎么一回事呢？其实这有可能是咳嗽变异性哮喘在作祟，请看下面小编为大家细细道来。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">如何判断是否患上咳嗽变异性哮喘？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、咳嗽剧烈，阵发性，常因接触油烟、刺激气味、过敏物质诱发，或者感冒后咳嗽长期不好。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、干咳为主，或者只有少量白痰。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、长期咳嗽，常常持续超过一个月甚至两个月。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、同时患有过敏性鼻炎、过敏性皮炎或其他过敏性疾病。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">5、一般止咳药效果不好，但对治疗哮喘的药效果好。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">如何预防咳嗽变异性哮喘？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、避免诱因</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">①运动后有些患者咳嗽会加重，因而有此类哮喘患儿要避免剧烈的运动。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">②气候改变，冬春季为高发期，冷空气的刺激为主要诱因，因而要作好保暖的防护，特别是出门要穿暖和并戴上口罩。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">③大哭大闹、情绪激动均可诱发咳嗽的发作，因而要尽量保持患者的情绪稳定。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、避免过敏原</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">咳嗽变异性哮喘是由尘螨等引起的，应当及时进行脱敏治疗。如果一吃海鲜容易发作该病，就应立即忌食海鲜。如果因冷空气刺激而引起咳嗽患者，在天气变冷时要注意保暖、及时添衣，出门时有必要戴好口罩和围巾。因刺激性气体过敏导致咳嗽、喘息的患者则要避开此类环境。家长们要仔细观察每次患儿咳嗽发作前有什么因素存在，找出致敏的主要因素，加以避免，防止再次接触。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、增强免疫功能</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">咳嗽变异性哮喘实质是哮喘，而哮喘是变态反应性疾病，即因免疫功能异常而引起变态反应、因此要注意改善和增强机体免疫功能。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、按时服药治疗</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">咳嗽变异性哮喘是一种需要持续治疗的疾病，所以患者要遵循医生的要求服药，否则就会容易造成病情的反复，终会导致严重的哮喘或肺气肿。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网有话说：当久咳不愈时，我们应当积极找出病因，才能对症下药，及时治疗。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1599,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513222739818,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513222739818,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9258","isDel":0,"createAt":1513222428528,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"支气管哮喘会不会遗传给下一代呢","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513223086546.jpg\" title=\"支气管哮喘会不会遗传给下一代呢\" alt=\"支气管哮喘会不会遗传给下一代呢\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">医生在治疗支气管哮喘的时候遇到最多的问题就是支气管哮喘会不会遗传。带着这个问题一起去看看吧！</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">很多门诊和病房的支气管哮喘病人问两个问题：一个问题是我父母都没有支气管哮喘，我怎么就得了支气管哮喘呢？还有一个问题是我的支气管哮喘会遗传给我的孩子吗？实际上这就是一个问题：支气管哮喘是否遗传。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">支气管哮喘是过敏性疾病的一种，一般来说，过敏性疾病具有某种遗传倾向。许多国内外研究资料证实：哮喘具有遗传性，患儿家族及个人过敏史，哮喘、婴儿湿疹、荨麻疹、过敏性鼻炎等患病率较一般的群体为高。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">近年来，有人认为过敏原的致敏能力是可以遗传的，外源性哮喘病的细胞染色体上存在遗传基因，即外源性哮喘属于多基因遗传，其遗传度为</span>56%～76%；内源性哮喘为常染色体隐性遗传。一般说：哮喘的发病年龄越小，其特应性家族史越明显。据调查，双亲都有特应性体质者，其子女发病率较高，约75%可发生特应性体质；一方有病者，子女发病率约为50%。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">支气管哮喘和其他过敏性疾病具有一定的遗传倾向，但它决不是许多人所认为的</span>“先天性”的疾病，在哮喘病人致病因素中，后天的即非遗传的因素所占比例更大。因此，患者和医护人员都要树立信心，在起病之初，不论病情轻重都要积极治疗，发病时及时适当地用药，缓解期积极采取相应预防措施；并且随着青春期的到来，80%的哮喘患儿的病情，是可以减轻、控制甚至痊愈的。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1756,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513222428530,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513222428530,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9257","isDel":0,"createAt":1513222133510,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"春季易发哮喘 揭引起哮喘的原因有哪些","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513223059823.jpg\" title=\"春季易发哮喘 揭引起哮喘的原因有哪些\" alt=\"春季易发哮喘 揭引起哮喘的原因有哪些\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">春天是最容易引发哮喘的一个季节，主要是因为春季花粉满天飞，气候多变。引起哮喘的原因还有很多，我们一起去看看吧。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">说起哮喘，大家都不陌生，但是大家知道哪些原因引起了哮喘吗？其实引发哮喘的原因有很多，不单单是自身的因素，很多外界的因素也是引发哮喘的常见原因，接下来就让我们一起来了解一下。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、气候因素</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">如严寒季节轻易受凉而导致呼吸道感染，或天气忽然变化或气压降低，都可激发支气管哮喘发作。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、过敏因素</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">有</span>30%～40%的支气管哮喘者可查出过敏原。尘螨、猫、狗的皮垢、霉菌、花粉、牛奶、禽蛋、蚕丝、羽毛、飞蛾、棉絮、真菌等都是重要的过敏原。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、非特异性理化因子</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">如吸入烟、尘和植物油、汽油或油漆等气味以及冷空气，可刺激支气管粘膜下的感觉神经末梢，反射性地引起迷走神经兴奋和咳嗽，在气道高反应的基础上导致支气管平滑肌痉挛。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、微生物感染</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">感冒和上呼吸道感染是最常见的诱因，冬春季节或气候多变时更为明显。呼吸道感染，尤其病毒感染更易引致小儿哮喘发作。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">5、过度劳累</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">突击性强烈的或长时间的体力劳动，紧张的竞技性运动，均可诱发哮喘。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">6、精神因素</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">情绪波动可以成为诱因。诸如忧虑、悲伤、过度兴奋甚至大笑也会导致哮喘发作。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">7、职业性因素</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">这方面涉及面广，如制药工业、化工企业中工作的工人，对某些药物或原料过敏，医护人员对某些药物过敏等。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1734,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513222133541,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513222133541,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9256","isDel":0,"createAt":1513221846829,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1513221969182,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"支气管哮喘并非可治可不治 有5大危害","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513222105572.png\" title=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" alt=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px;\">支气管哮喘容易反复，因此很多患者觉得这种病治不治疗无所谓。其实，这种想法是万万不能出现的，因为支气管哮喘的危害非常巨大。下面我们来看看支气管哮喘的危害吧。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">支气管哮喘的危害</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1.呼吸道感染：呼吸道感染是此病最常见的并发症之一。而感染又可促进病情的发展，影响治疗效果，形成恶性循环。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2.呼吸衰竭：此病并发呼吸衰竭发生率在53%左右，死亡率为8%，因此，我们要积极防止本病的呼吸衰竭的发生。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3.肺水肿：肺水肿的临床表现常常被支气管哮喘本身症状所掩盖，不易被发现。肺水肿一旦发生，潜在危险性极大，必须予以高度重视。肿水肿的发生与否取决于肺血管与间质的静水压、胶体渗透压的平衡、膜的通透性及淋巴回流。表现较隐匿，支气管哮喘严重发作时，往往有严重的呼吸困难，紫绀，不能平卧。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4.呼吸衰竭：严重哮喘发作通气不足、感染、治疗和用药不当、并发气胸、肺不张和肺水肿等，均是哮喘并发呼吸衰竭的常见诱因。一旦出现呼吸衰竭，由于严重缺氧、二氧化碳潴留和酸中毒，哮喘治疗更加困难。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">5.气胸和纵隔气肿：这一并发症是病情危重的征象，病理生理变化为：支气管痉挛导致阻塞性通气障碍，肺泡气体不易排出而过度膨胀，肺泡内压力增高，最后肺泡破裂。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">支气管哮喘的症状</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1.典型的支气管哮喘出现反复发作的胸闷、气喘、及呼吸困难、咳嗽等症状。在发作前常有鼻塞、打喷嚏、眼痒等先兆症状，发作严重者可短时间内出现严重呼吸困难、低氧血症。有时咳嗽为惟一症状（咳嗽变异型哮喘）。在夜间或凌晨发作和加重是哮喘的特征之一。哮喘症状可在数分钟内发作。有些症状轻重可自行缓解，但大部分需积极处理。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">发作时出现两肺散在、弥漫分布的呼气相哮鸣音，呼气相延长，有时吸气、呼气相均有干啰音。严重发作时可出现呼吸音低下，哮鸣音消失，临床上称为</span>“静止肺”，预示着病情危重，随时会出现呼吸骤停。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">哮喘患者在不发作时可无任何症状和体征。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">　2.根据临床表现可分为急性发作期、慢性持续期和临床缓解期。慢性持续期是指不同频度和（或）不同程度地出现症状（喘息、气急、胸闷、咳嗽等）；临床缓解期是指经过治疗或未经治疗，症状、体征消失；肺功能恢复到急性发作前水平，并持续3个月以上。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><br/></p>","barId":"1444","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1592,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513221846831,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513221846831,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"7305","isDel":0,"createAt":1510283283034,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":1522312420576,"updateBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"梅油油","userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">面对孩子哮喘，父母既心疼又害怕，想要根治哮喘，家长一定要认清导致孩子哮喘的原因，根据病因对症下药，及早治疗才是正道。一起来看看</span><strong><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">小儿哮喘的几个</span>原因</strong>吧。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;<img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510283344453.jpg\" title=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" alt=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1、尘螨</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　调查发现，</span>70%以上的儿童哮喘是由尘螨引起的，80%以上的哮喘儿童和青少年对尘螨皮肤试验呈强阳性反应。幼儿期是尘螨致敏的主要时期。尘螨以人体脱落的皮屑为主要食物来源，床铺的温度、湿度以及食物来源最适宜于屋尘螨的生长，因此床上尘土中含有较多的屋尘螨，这是尘螨过敏性哮喘容易在夜间发作的重要原因。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2、皮毛纤维、花粉类</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　动物皮毛、家禽羽毛、棉花纤维、绒毛玩具、羊毛地毯等也容易诱发气道过敏性炎症，引起哮喘发作。另外，有人发现，蟑螂也可诱发哮喘。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　花粉具有明显的季节性，主要由植物的种类决定，可分为春季花粉、夏季花粉和冬季花粉。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　3、霉菌</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　霉菌过敏有一定的季节性，一般以</span>6～9月份为发病的高峰期，但空气中可有常年飘散的霉菌及其代谢产物，因此霉菌致敏诱发的哮喘多呈常年性发作或常年性发作季节性加重。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　4、感染</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　病毒、细菌、支原体等感染可诱发哮喘，其中病毒感染是引起气道过敏性炎症而诱发哮喘发作的主要因素。细菌感染引起哮喘不如病毒重要。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510283849698.jpg\" title=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" alt=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　5、有害气体及异味</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　日常生活中有毒有害的气体和异味是很多的，烟雾是最常见的一种，尤其是烟草的烟雾最为严重。冬季门户紧闭，烟雾不宜飘散是哮喘易在冬季发作的诱因之一。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　6、药物</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　如阿司匹林、心得安、消炎痛、青霉素、磺胺类药物、各种蛋白质制剂、血清制剂以及某些气雾剂等。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　7、食物过敏诱发哮喘</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　包括各种海鲜、如带鱼、海鱼、海虾、海蟹、贝壳类等</span>;动物蛋白，如鸡蛋、牛奶、猪肉、羊肉、牛肉等;植物蛋白，如豆制品、芝麻、花生、面粉等，另外部分热带水果，如猕猴桃、芒果、菠萝等也常常诱发哮喘。此外，饮食过甜或过咸亦可引发哮喘发作，甚至巧克力、冷饮、西红柿等也可诱发哮喘。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　食物过敏诱发的哮喘一般不是终生的，随着年龄的增长，其发病机会逐渐减少。另外，还需注意的是，有时食物因素诱发哮喘发作并非食物本身，而是由食物中的添加剂、防腐剂等所引起的。因此建议哮喘患儿尽量避免食用过多的零食。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　8、运动</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　运动可诱发不同程度的哮喘，尤其是在寒冷和干燥的空气中进行运动，吸入的空气越冷，诱发运动性哮喘的可能性越大。在湿度较大的地区中，运动诱发的哮喘相对较少。跑步运动比游泳更易诱发哮喘。大多数运动性哮喘患者在休息一小时左右症状便可缓解，症状也可随运动量的增加而加重。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510283915580.jpg\" title=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" alt=\"小儿哮喘的原因 10大病因需警惕\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　9、环境因素</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　哮喘作为一种慢性疾病，不仅患儿要经历病痛的折磨，家庭还要负担一定的经济支出，倾注更多的精力来照顾患儿，压力不小，患儿容易产生恐惧、忧郁、紧张、厌烦等不良情绪，可能导致哮喘的发作或加重。此外，家庭和社会环境的不良刺激，如家庭不和、父母离异、经济困难、不良饮食和卫生习惯、吸烟家庭、也可诱发或加重哮喘的发作。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　10、遗传因素</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span 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