{"type5":[],"type4":[{"id":"11215","isDel":0,"createAt":1516168534950,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家向您解答膝关节损伤饮食宜忌事项","content":"

\"专家向您解答膝关节损伤饮食宜忌事项\"

　　

在日常生活中，各种疾病都有各种疾病的饮食注意事项，那么，膝关节损伤病人的饮食是什么呢？答：可以吃富含蛋白又可以促进骨骼生长恢复的食物，比如排骨汤、鱼汤、炖黄豆等食物，建议饮食上少食油腻、酸辣刺激性大的食物，多食蔬菜水果，少食细粮，多食粗粮，多注意休息。找良医网推荐以下几种对膝关节损伤有好处的食谱，供大家参考。

 

1、当归排骨汤

 

　　材料及做法：取当归10克，骨碎补15克，续断10克，新鲜猪排骨或牛排骨250克，加水炖煮1小时以上，连汤带肉一起服用，每天1次，连吃1～2周。有助于祛淤续断。

 

　　说明：该饮食方主要适用于中期(2～4周)患者。此时受伤处的淤肿有所减轻，但淤伤尚未化尽，骨痂开始形成。治疗应以和营止痛、祛淤生新、接骨续筋为主。

 

　　2、桃仁粥

 

　　材料及做法：取桃仁15克，红糖适量，将桃仁捣烂，水浸后研汁去渣，加入红糖、粳米，加水400毫升，一起熟烂成粥即可。每天吃2次，连续吃7～10天，具有活血化淤、消肿止痛的作用。

 

　　说明：该饮食方法主要适用于早期(1～2周)患者，该时期受伤部位肿胀疼痛明显，经络阻滞不通，气血运行不畅，治疗以活血化淤，行气消肿为主。

  

找良医网温馨提示：上述食疗方法仅供参考，详细症状及保健，需要遵从医嘱进行，最后，祝大家身体健康！


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","barId":"1824","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1478,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486568299981,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486568299979,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"2897","isDel":0,"createAt":1486568253798,"createBy":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"柠檬茶","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"到底该怎样锻炼我的膝关节？","content":"

    随着我国经济的发展和逐步进入老龄化社会，膝关节疾患日益成为各大医院骨外科门诊的主要病种之一，如何正确的治疗膝关节疾患，也是医学界发展最快的研究课题之一。随着实践的发展，膝关节的运动疗法逐步成为医生和病人重视的治疗方法，到底如何进行规范、有效的膝关节功能锻炼呢？下面就给大家介绍一下简单宜行并且行之有效的两种膝关节功能锻炼方法。

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一、直抬腿肌力锻炼

\n

    1、股四头肌力量练习：练习者平卧于床上或站立时。双腿自然伸直，用力绷紧股四头肌，注意，双腿是不离开地面的，坚持5秒钟，再放松2秒钟，反复进行。在不增加疼痛的前提下，每次都绷紧到最大程度，且每天争取做到500次以上。

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    2、直抬腿练习：直抬腿练习分为仰卧直抬腿，外侧直抬腿，内侧直抬腿以及后抬腿练习。

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    （1）仰卧直抬腿：练习者仰卧在床上，一侧腿弯曲．将患肢完全伸直。然后把患肢抬高，抬到脚跟离床面15-20厘米的位置。要求抬腿时股四头肌绷紧，保持膝关节伸直。患肢抬起后保持高度不动，直到坚持不住时再缓慢放下。将腿放在床上休息片刻，之后继续进行第二次直抬腿练习。反复练习，每天做3～4组，每组20次，每组之间休息30秒。两侧肢体可交替进行。见图1

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    （2）外侧直抬腿：以右腿为患肢为例，练习者左侧卧在床上，两腿完全伸直。然后把右下肢向外侧抬高，两腿分开，两脚距离为30厘米左右的位置。仍然要求抬腿时保持膝关节伸直。患肢抬起后保持高度不动，直到坚持不住时再缓慢放下。将腿放在床上休息片刻．之后继续进行第二次直抬腿练习。频率同上，两侧肢体可交替进行。见图2。

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    （3）内侧直抬腿：以左腿为患肢为例，练习者左侧卧在床上，右腿弯曲，右脚踩在左侧膝关节后方的床面上，保持身体稳定，伸直左腿，向上抬起，抬离床面10厘米左右的位置即可。仍然要求抬腿时保持膝关节伸直。患肢抬起后保持高度不动，直到坚持不住时再缓慢放下。将腿放在床上休息片刻，之后继续进行第二次直抬腿练习。频率同上，两侧肢体可交替进行。见图3

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    （4）后抬腿练习：练习者俯卧在床上，腹部垫软枕，双下肢完全伸直，然后把患肢抬高，抬到脚跟离床面10厘米左右即可，要求抬腿时近量保持膝关节伸直。不要抬离过高，否则会引起腰部肌肉协同。患肢抬起后保持高度不动，直到坚持不住时再缓慢放下。将腿放在床上休息片刻，之后继续进行第二次直抬腿练习。反复练习，频率同上，两侧肢体可交替进行。见图4

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二、静蹲练习：

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    练习者两腿分开，两脚之间的距离比肩膀稍宽，身体保持直立，不能向前倾。脚尖和膝关节朝向前方，不得“内，外八字”。此时双膝开始弯曲下蹲，双膝弯曲角度可根据练习者身体情况和肌肉力量进行调整。对于身体情况好、大腿肌肉力量强的患者，下蹲角度可以达到屈膝90度：而对于身体欠佳和大腿肌肉力量弱的患者，双膝轻屈即可，这时半蹲位置较高，患者较省力。随着肌力的增加，再增大屈膝角度。每个患者在下蹲时都有一个疼痛的角度，有些30度，或者40度等等，练习时要避开疼痛角度，最大角度至无痛时不超过90度为宜。要求每天做2～3组，每组练习总时间为30分钟，其中包括多次练习，每次练习间隙休息一分钟左右，不要休息时间过长；开始时，每次坚持的时间较短；随着肌力的增长，坚持时间延长，每组练习次数将逐渐减少。见图5、6。

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     两种练习方式，直抬腿练习是基础，可以交替进行两种练习，以不感到疲劳为宜。练习6周为一疗程，要遵循因人而异、循序渐进、灵活掌握的原则，注意练习过程中的保护，以防意外伤害的发生。

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【点赞 “骨科机器人医生”上线！精准完成全髋关节置换手术】身高1米的它，举着一只大“手臂”，7月30日，MAKO机器人在上海市第六人民医院正式上岗，为一名38岁男患者置换全髋关节。据了解，利用MAKO机器人辅助手术能够帮助医生在手术中精确设计安装假体，消除传统人工手术操作中的误差，提高手术精准度。因为是微创手术，术中出血量极少。

 

\"骨科机器人医生

 

对此有网友表示：

 

占卜师朵拉：科技的发展让未来生活无限可能

 

芝加哥豪宅：不谈机器人是哪个国家制造的？

 

滴邦恰：mako看名字是日本制造的啊

 

Scarecrow_Bataadefend：骨科早该有机器人医生[给力]体力消耗太大了。

 

老不老郁：估计手术费要比人工的贵出上万

 

团团-198109：没电了咋办啊


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拥有纤细的小腿，是无数女孩的梦想。然而，当小腿越变越细后，萌萌（化名）却连走路都疼得厉害。去医院检查才知道，她是患上了罕见的遗传性运动感觉神经病，俗称“仙鹤腿”。“身体健康才是最重要的。”7日，武汉市某医院足踝外科内，萌萌说，如果她能更及时发现自己腿部不对劲，就不会延误病情了。

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\"腿越来越细竟是病

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萌萌今年20岁，湖北恩施人。上初中时，她时常在家练舞。有一次练舞时，她的左腿突然发软，摔倒后扭伤了膝盖。以为是轻微的扭伤，她在当地医院开了几盒膏药，疼痛好转后便没有太在意。

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“上大学后，我的小腿越来越细，当时只觉得腿细跳舞好看，可后来练舞时却发现做下蹲动作很困难 。”萌萌说，随着时间的推移，她发现只要自己走路时间超过10分钟，双脚脚踝就会特别痛。此外，上楼梯时膝盖发紧，脚踝也越来越僵硬，走路一瘸一拐的。

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遗传性运动感觉神经病发病率仅为1/2500，若萌萌在出现下蹲困难、足跟疼痛的症状时及时治疗，是可延缓病情发展。

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对此有网友表示：

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我最爱宝贝女儿：看着我这双大粗腿妥妥的安全

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Nicole丶Young：卖药的三秒钟抵达战场

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仙女爱吃可爱多啊：我不管 我就喜欢小细腿 三个月从125➖95 腿越来越瘦了

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占卜师吉娜：还是要均匀才好看

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   昨日活塞107-83轻取步行者，但他们的首发控卫在比赛中崴脚，今天球队在社交媒体上官方宣布，雷吉-杰克逊脚踝三级扭伤，将至少缺席6-8周的比赛。

 \"杰克逊三级扭伤\"

  雷吉-杰克逊在昨天比赛的第三节不慎受伤，他在完成跳起传球后落地时崴到了脚踝，随后雷吉-杰克逊倒在场地中十分痛苦，最后被队友抬出球场。尽管赛后接受X光检查时显示为阴性，没有结构性损伤。但今天的MRI检查结果显示雷吉-杰克逊遭遇了三级扭伤。

 \"杰克逊三级扭伤

    三级扭伤在扭伤级别中是最高的，它属于严重的肌肉拉伤，是指大部份的肌纤维断裂，甚至整条肌肉断裂成两部分。这将大大的影响肢体功能，需要外科手术缝合和长期的复健，才能恢复运动能力。

 

    赛季至今，活塞表现得十分不错，一跃成为东部的一只劲旅，19胜14负的战绩位列东部第4，而雷吉-杰克逊场均上场27.1分钟，能拿下14.6分，5.5次助攻和2.8个篮板，较去年表现大幅度提升。缺少他的活塞实力将大打折扣。

 

    预计在他缺阵期间，伊斯梅尔-史密斯将成为球队的主力控卫，他本赛季场均贡献8.9分和3.9次助攻，组织能力更强但得分能力有所欠缺。但毫无疑问，范甘迪需要好好想想替补席上哪个控卫可以站出来帮助球队。

 

    希望雷吉-杰克逊可以早日回到球队，有了他的进攻和组织，活塞或许还能延续他们本赛季的黑马本色。

 

相关球迷看到消息表示如下：

 

东艾西科南麦北卡钟欣潼：早点好起来，伤病才是最大的敌人！


悟空17197648：现在的nba好难看啊，跟打2k似的，打球没有一点血腥味。不是上篮就是扔三分，拿下篮板就下快攻，碰到一点就犯规，我还以为之前这是2k里才有的情况


鞋子43码：活塞到季末怕是要掉到第六去了


莲出淤泥臭：我还在等马刺对活塞，就出了这


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双膝关节疼痛，登高或远足明显，未作特殊治疗，在家静养半年，症状无缓解。CT示双膝膑上及关节腔微量积液。请问如何治疗才能尽快的恢复？

","barId":"1824","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1692,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486568811815,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486568811813,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"2854","isDel":0,"createAt":1486568677485,"createBy":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"茉莉花","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"膝盖损伤","content":"

右侧膝盖错位，是摔倒的，身体一直挺好的，膝盖之前也没受过伤，这是第一次，希望告知一下病情的严重程度以及后续的治疗费用

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因膝关节碰在桌子上有好几个月了，蹲下 起来比较费劲，疼痛感较强，目前刚在朝阳做了检查。听说这边能做微创手术治疗

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男,27岁。您好！10月份拉桌子用力过大地板很滑，双膝跪地当时听到响了一声，起来后走路有响声，轻微疼痛无明显肿胀，休息几分钟痛痛消失，能走也能长时间站立！无明显肿胀！一直以为没什么事，过几天后感觉膝盖总是不舒服去医院拍MRI医生说是半月板损伤，让保守治疗！
前几天在老家市三甲医院又拍了MRI医生说韧带和半月板总体都很好，当时特地找了科室主任看的！医生查体也做过抽屉试验，说没什么事该干嘛干嘛，也不知道老家医生看的准不准，因为以前脚踝韧带做过手术，对这方面很担心！麻烦您帮我看下片子，现在能走也能站就是里面总是有不舒服的感觉，感觉稳定性没有相对的那个膝盖稳定，走久了轻微疼痛！偶尔响，现在响越来越少了！现在一直在家里做恢复运动静蹲！但是心里还是很担心！

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男,20岁。在跑步机上跑了一年步之后，出现了站一会儿或者走一会儿就感到髌骨周围乏力的症状，髌骨软骨，胫骨软骨，股骨软骨有没有损伤？

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膝关节损伤的临床表现分为六类：

　　一、只有部分急性损伤病例有外伤病史，慢性损伤病例无明确外伤病史。

　　二、多见于运动员与体力劳动者，男性多于女性。

　　三、受伤后膝关节剧痛伸不直，并迅速出现肿胀，关节内有积血。

　　四、急性期过后转入慢性阶段。此时肿胀已不明显，关节功能亦已恢复，但总感到关节疼痛，活动时有弹响，有时在活动时突然听到“咔嗒”一声，关节便不能伸直，忍痛挥动几下小腿再听到“咔嗒”声关节又可伸直，此种现象称为关节交锁，关节交锁可以偶尔发生也可以频繁发生，频繁地发作交锁影响日常生活与运动。

　　五、慢性阶段的体征有：关节间隙压痛、弹跳、膝关节屈曲挛缩与股内侧肌的微弱。沿着关节间隙扪摸，可以检查出压痛点，根据压痛点部位，可以大致判断出是前角、体部或后角撕裂，前角的水平状劈裂在屈伸膝关节时可以看到膝眼处在弹跳，膝关节屈曲挛缩侧的半月板嵌于股骨髁下长期难以解锁，股内此肌的萎缩为废用性，该体征提示膝关节内部结果紊乱。

　　六、几种特殊试验：

　　1、过伸试验：膝关节完全伸直并轻度过伸时，半月板破裂处受牵拉或挤压而产生剧痛。

　　2、过屈试验：将膝关节极度屈曲，破裂的后角被卡住而产生剧痛。

　　3、半月板旋转试验：病人仰卧，患侧髋膝完全屈曲，检查者一手放在关节外间隙处作触诊，另一手握住足跟后作小腿大幅度环转运动，内旋环转试验外侧半月板，外旋环试验内侧半月板，在维持旋转位置下将膝关节逐渐伸到度，注意发生响声时的关节角度。若在关节完全屈曲位下触得响声，表示半月板后角损伤，关节伸到90度左右时才发生响声，表示为体部损伤，再在维持旋转位置下逐渐伸直至微屈位（Mouche试验），此时有响声表示可能有半月板前角损伤。

　　4、研磨试验（Apley试验）：病人俯卧，膝关节屈成90度，检查者将小腿用力下压，并且做内旋和外旋运动，使股骨与胫骨关节面之间发生摩擦，若外旋产生疼痛，提示为外侧半月板损伤，此后将小腿上提，并做内旋和外旋运动，如外旋时引起疼痛，提示为内侧副韧带损伤，本试验在检查髋关节强直病人的半月板时有一定实用意义。

　　5、蹲走试验：主要用来检查半月板后角有无损伤，方法如下：嘱病人蹲下走鸭步，并不时变换方向，或左或右。如果病人能很好地完成这些动作，可以排除半月板后角损伤；如果因为疼痛不能充分屈曲膝关节，蹲走时出现响声及膝部疼痛不适，是为阳性结果。半月板后角破裂病例在蹲走时的响声是很明显的。本试验仅适用于检查青少年患者，特别适用于大规模体检时检查半月板有无损伤。

　　必须注意，没有一个试验是诊断膝关节半月板损伤的唯一依据，应综合临床症状、压痛点以及各种阳性结果试验才能作出最后诊断。

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","barId":"1824","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1811,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486567753271,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486567753269,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"1759","isDel":0,"createAt":1486567694331,"createBy":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"柠檬茶","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"膝关节的解剖特点","content":"

   人体内最大、结构最复杂的关节就是膝关节，由股骨下端、胫骨上端和前方的髌骨组成。主要的运动方式是屈膝和伸膝，半屈曲位时有轻微旋转活动。

    膝关节囊周围有韧带起加强稳定作用。前下方为髌韧带，是股四头肌的延续，止于胫骨结节，可伸膝。在膝关节内侧有内侧副韧带，起自股骨内上髁，止于胫骨内侧髁的内侧缘，宽而扁，其纤维与关节囊融合在一起。膝关节外侧有外侧副韧带，起于股骨外上髁，止于腓骨小头，呈圆索状，纤维与关节囊之间被脂肪组织隔开。侧副韧带的主要功能是加强关节侧方的稳定性。屈膝时韧带松弛，伸膝时韧带拉紧，有限制小腿旋转的作用，关节囊内有前后交叉韧带和内外侧半月板。交叉韧带使股骨和胫骨紧密相连，限制胫骨向前、向后移位。半月板外缘厚，与关节囊相连，内缘薄，游离于关节腔内。半月板能起到弹性垫的作用，可加深关节窝的凹度，改善关节面形状，使股骨和胫骨关节面更加适应，增强关节的稳定性，并防止关节面的软骨受损。

","barId":"1824","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1526,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486567694333,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486567694331,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"1591","isDel":0,"createAt":1486567674776,"createBy":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"柠檬茶","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"3cc2575ce14111e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"膝关节损伤","content":"

　　膝关节损伤为外伤性疾病，多由扭转外力引起。当一腿承重，小腿固定在半屈曲外展位时身体及股部猛然内旋，内侧半月板在股骨髁与胫骨之间受到旋转压力而致半月板撕裂。扭伤时膝关节屈曲程度愈大，撕裂部位愈靠后。外侧半月板损伤的机制相同但作用力的方向相反，破裂的半月板部分滑入关节之间使关节活动发生机械障碍妨碍关节伸屈活动形成“交锁”。

\n

 

","barId":"1824","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1390,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486567674777,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486567674776,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type0":[{"id":"28331","isDel":0,"createAt":1575598602236,"createBy":"425fdc1d2e6111e8a3d800163e04584d","createName":"求一红颜笑看余生","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"425fdc1d2e6111e8a3d800163e04584d","title":"#比二郎腿更伤害骨盆的坐姿#网友表示双腿无处安放","content":"

有些朋友为了戒掉二郎腿，这样脚踝交叉着坐着。但是到医院就诊的朋友告诉我，医生说，这样交叉着脚坐着，会比跷二郎腿还要伤害骨盆。另外对膝盖也很不好，朋友们一定要注意！

\"比二郎腿更伤害骨盆的坐姿\" 

\"比二郎腿更伤害骨盆的坐姿\"

\"比二郎腿更伤害骨盆的坐姿\"

网友表示：

 

当然是吃菠萝包- ： 明白了 我这就躺床上睡觉

 

初学者beginnerJX ： 我现在就是这样坐的，看到之后立马改了

 

好眠的秘密 ： 在看这条微博时，我正这么坐着.[允悲]

 

泰阳花 ： 点开看的同时还在想不会是我现在的坐姿吧，结果还真是…

 

陈皮干儿：那应该怎么坐啊 无处安放的双腿 咋办

\"#比二郎腿更伤害骨盆的坐姿#网友表示双腿无处安放\" 

欢迎扫描二维码加入QQ群，听听病友们怎么说，听听医生怎么说！


","barId":"1824","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1442,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1575598602237,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1575598602237,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"10473","isDel":0,"createAt":1515140542612,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"膝关节病是怎么导致的呢","content":"

\"膝关节病是怎么导致的呢\"

 

膝关节炎也比较折磨人，也是比较顽固的，那么患上那个这个疾病的原因有哪些呢，下面就来为大家爱介绍一下关于这个疾病的患病原因。

 

关节炎是老年人的常见病，有很多的老年人才承受着这个疾病的折磨，尤其是膝关节炎比较多，膝关节炎也比较折磨人，也是比较顽固的，那么患上那个这个疾病的原因有哪些呢，下面就来为大家爱介绍一下关于这个疾病的患病原因。

 

膝关节炎的病因有哪些？

 

1、综述：尚未完全明确。类风湿性关节炎是一个与环境、细胞、病毒、遗传、性激素及神经精神状态等因素密切相关的疾病。

 

2、细菌因素：实验研究表明A组链球菌及菌壁有肽聚糖（peptidoglycan）可能为RA发病的一个持续的刺激原，A组链球菌长期存在于体内成为持续的抗原，刺激机体产生抗体，发生免疫病理损伤而致病。支原体所制造的关节炎动物模型与人的RA相似，但不产生人的RA所特有的类风湿因子（RF）。在RA病人的关节液和滑膜组织中从未发现过细菌或菌体抗原物质，提示细菌可能与RA的起病有关，但缺乏直接证据。

 

3、病毒因素：RA与病毒，特别是EB病毒的关系是国内外学者注意的问题之一。研究表明，EB病毒感染所致的关节炎与RA不同，RA病人对EB病毒比正常人有强烈的反应性。在RA病人血清和滑膜液中出现持续高度的抗EB病毒—胞膜抗原抗体，但到目前为止在RA病人血清中一直未发现EB病毒核抗原或壳体抗原抗体。

 

4、遗传因素：本病在某些家族中发病率较 高，在人群调查中，发现人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-DR4与RF阳性患者有关。HLA研究发现DW4与RA的发病有关，患者中70%HLA-DW4阳性，患者具有该点的易感基因，因此遗传可能在发病中起重要作用。

 

5、性激素：研究表明RA发病率男女之比为1∶2～4，妊娠期病情减轻，服避孕药的女性发病减少。动物模型显示LEW/n雌鼠对关节炎的敏感性高，雄性发病率低，雄鼠经阉割或用β-雌二醇处理后，其发生关节炎的情况与雌鼠一样，说明性激素在RA发病中起一定作用。

 

以上为大家爱介绍的是关于西关节炎的一些患病原因都有什么，患上这个疾病的患者是很痛苦的，可是这个疾病的危害是很大的，所以我们在生活中一定要好好的预防这个疾病，希望了解了这些患病原因以后能够很好的预防这个疾病。


","barId":"1824","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1463,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1515140542614,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1515140542614,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"10470","isDel":0,"createAt":1515140329897,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"导致关节损伤疼痛原因有哪些","content":"

\"导致关节损伤疼痛原因有哪些\"

 

膝关节疼痛对于现代人来说已经不是老年人的专利了，很多年轻漂亮的女孩也会经常膝关节疼痛，这是为什么呢？

 

年轻的女孩爱美，冬天常常穿着裙子，导致关节部位温差太大，所以膝关节会疼。下面我们来看发生关节疼痛的原因！

 

发生关节疼痛的原因

 

寒冷在日常生活中，多数关节疼痛并不是由外伤引起的，寒冷（特别是持续受凉和巨大的温度反差）才是造成关节疼痛的主要原因。

 

随着社会的发展，人们的审美观、生活习惯发生了很大的变化，人们更加注重形态美。即使是在寒冷的冬季，很多人也不再身着厚厚的棉服，而是尽可能地减轻身上的负担，以适应现代审美观念及快速的生活节奏。但是在体验美感的同时，人们不得不付出关节损害的代价，因为寒冷可导致肌肉和血管收缩，引起关节疼痛。

 

运动不当，有些老年人喜欢登山，但如果没做好准备活动或运动量太大，也可造成关节疼痛。特别是身患关节滑膜炎或骨性关节炎的人，更容易引起关节疾病发作或加重。在登山运动中，下山时，全身的重量完全加在一侧膝关节上，膝关节承受的压力是正常站立时的数倍。人们上下楼梯时，也会出现同样的情况。

 

不良走路习惯例如经常穿着不合脚的鞋或穿着拖鞋、高跟鞋长距离行走，会使膝关节长时间处于非正常的受力状态，造成膝关节慢性损伤，引起疼痛。

 

盲目按摩有些人关节疼痛时盲目地进行按摩，由于按摩方法不正确或用力太大，反而导致关节损伤和疼痛加重。


","barId":"1824","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1343,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1515140329899,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1515140329899,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"10468","isDel":0,"createAt":1515140053755,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"膝盖损伤（膝关节炎）的五大病因","content":"

\"膝盖损伤（膝关节炎）的五大病因\"

 

膝关节炎是生活中很常见的一种骨科疾病，现在有不少的年轻男女正被关节炎所困扰，多了解一些诱发膝关节炎的诱因好及时预防。

 

现在有不少的年轻男女正被关节炎所困扰，尤其是那些爱美的时尚人士。而关节炎的种类繁多，如骨性关节炎、风湿性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等，在诸多关节炎中，骨性关节炎最常见，而在骨性关节炎中，膝骨性关节炎最多发。那么是什么原因导致膝关节炎的呢?下面就来看膝关节炎的五大诱因。

 

体重过重：

 

体重过大会增加关节的负荷，并会由于姿势步态运动等因素，导致关节生物力学改变，体重超重特别是超重的妇女，患膝骨性关节炎的可能性较大，研究提示妇女的肥胖和膝骨性关节炎之间存在因果关系。

 

关节损伤：

 

关节或关节附近的创伤有时会诱发骨性关节炎，如骨折波及关节面、韧带撕裂导致关节失稳，以及半月板撕裂引起关节软骨的异常磨损等。如膝关节韧带损伤、脂肪垫损伤、半月板损伤、创伤性滑膜炎、膝关节骨性关节炎等都会引起膝关节疼痛。

 

关节过度使用：

 

膝关节长期用力快速屈伸，增加关节软骨的磨损，如频繁快步健身走、自行车、羽毛球、登山、登楼梯等活动，某些使关节反复受到应力刺激的活动，如频繁或反复地抬举重物及蹲、跪等动作，可造成关节的损伤，引起软骨退变。

 

风、寒、湿、邪侵袭：

 

由于膝部的血循环较差，易受风湿寒邪侵袭，乃至伤及膝关节。如涉深水、运动后冲凉、久坐久卧湿地、渔民海上作业、农民在大棚内长时间工作、在冷库工作者缺乏防护、军人在雪地站岗执勤、骑摩托车冷风吹至关节处、女同志冬季穿短裙或经期产后下肢受寒等都容易受风寒侵袭而患病。

 

退行性病变：

 

随着年龄的增长，身体各器官功能逐渐减退，关节腔粘液分泌减少，关节软骨干燥，逐渐磨损、变薄，关节骨质增生加之关节周围肌肉生理性萎缩，韧带弹性减弱，膝关节活动能力逐渐减退。年龄增大，骨量减少，骨质疏松。单位面积上承载能力下降，从而导致的退变。


","barId":"1824","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1465,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1515140053757,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1515140053757,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"10464","isDel":0,"createAt":1515139163660,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家告诉你做什么动作容易膝关节损伤呢","content":"

\"做什么动作容易膝关节损伤呢\"

\n

 

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大大小小的身体关节中，以膝关节最常、也最容易受伤。那么，哪些不起眼的动作可能导致关节炎的发生，要怎么处理呢？

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1、上下楼梯

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大大小小的身体关节中，以膝关节最常、也最容易受伤。杜心如说，上楼梯时，膝关节承受着4.8倍的体重，下楼时承受6.7倍的体重。非常容易对髌骨关节产生压力，久了就易造成软骨间的疼痛。

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方法：尽量放慢上下楼梯及上下坡时的速度，可以尝试侧身45—90度；下坡时，尽量使用扶手;老人可以多用拐杖，减轻身体对膝盖的重量压力。

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2、跪着擦地板

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大多膝盖疼痛的女性都是习惯在家中跪着擦地板，引发的髌骨股骨疼痛。跪着擦地板，髌骨的压力会压在股骨上，等于两块骨头间的软骨直接压到地面上，时间一长，有的膝盖就无法伸直，起不了身了。

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方法：尽量不要跪着擦地板，即使非要跪着擦，可以考虑在膝盖下方垫个软垫，且跪的时间不能太久，最好每10—20分钟就要休息一下，可以保持血液循环，滋养关节软骨。如果想舒服些，不如干脆就直接坐在地板上，或是准备个小板凳。男女都一样。

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3、盘腿坐

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很多人喜欢盘腿坐，有些年轻人还喜欢盘腿坐床上，使用笔记本电脑。其实，在盘腿坐的同时，膝盖软骨已经受到了压力，还要同时承受上半身的重量。如果盘腿坐使用的力道不对，时间一久，有些人的膝盖甚至立刻就能痛得起不了身。

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方法：有盘腿习惯的人，可以只弯一条腿，自然轻松就好，不要把两只脚都弯曲盘在一起，更不要用力将腿下压。

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4、手部过劳

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家庭主妇干家务，劳动量虽然都不大。但长时间洗碗、擦地等，手腕关节肯定痛，再加上长时间受凉水刺激，更容易发炎。过度负重，则会引发手腕及手肘的关节炎。

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方法：注意劳逸结合，避免长时间劳动。洗衣服、洗碗尽量用温水。

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5、看电脑、电视姿势不对

\n

 

\n

颈椎的第5、第6节是最容易受伤的地方，除了运动伤害，颈椎的伤害大多与姿势有关。人体的颈部自然呈现C型曲线，是让头部在往下压时，力能均匀分布到每一个关节。但现代人常看电脑、看电视但又少运动，头部往往不知不觉中前倾，久而久之，颈椎的曲线会被改变，造成颈椎中、下段受力较大，“上班族”、司机尤其严重。

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对腰椎的伤害，也大多来自姿势不良，或施力不当。因为胸椎及肋骨大多已经固定住，所以一些活动所需承受的重量几乎全都交给了腰椎，一旦姿势不好，重量就压在腰椎的那几节，日积月累下来，就会越压越糟。一不小心，在日常生活中，提行李、突然弯腰捡东西、搬书、穿袜子、咳嗽及打喷嚏等简单动作，都可能会伤到腰椎。

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方法：人的脊椎之所以设计成一节一节的，就是为人类不时要弯曲活动而生，即便是某一种姿势特别标准正确，一直维持不变也会产生疲劳进而发炎，所以一定要尽量维持身体的放松。保养颈椎及腰椎的方法很简单，不管是哪种姿势，最好每30—50分钟动一动，换个姿势，就可以减轻颈椎及腰椎的疲劳和压力。

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","barId":"1824","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1658,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1515139163662,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1515139163662,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"6052","isDel":0,"createAt":1508463034631,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"林书豪因髌骨肌腱断裂 将缺席本赛季剩余比赛","content":"

\"林书豪因髌骨肌腱断裂

  林书豪因髌骨肌腱断裂，将缺席本赛季剩余比赛。周杰伦关注林书豪伤病：让我们一起为他祈祷加油。林书豪一直是周杰伦歌迷，他曾出演过周杰伦的音乐MV，两人前不久组织名人慈善篮球赛，9月还在纽约见面，关系密切。早日康复，等你回来！

 \"林书豪因髌骨肌腱断裂

关于此事相关网友如下评论：

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相关医学小知识：

  髌腱断裂通常是髌骨下缘撕脱，亦可见于髌腱远端的胫骨结节撕脱。由于股四头肌的收缩，髌骨可以随股四头肌肌腱向上回缩3～6cm。因此，对髌腱断裂，应该强调早期修复。晚期由于髌腱失张力后挛缩和瘢痕化，常不得不施行重建手术。

 \"髌骨肌腱断裂医学影像片\"

常见病因：膝关节突然屈曲，而股四头肌突然猛烈的收缩时造成

常见症状：断裂处压痛、积血、髌腱出现不连续的空虚，髌骨上移

多发群体：40岁以上的人群

就诊科室：骨科

 

治疗方式：

1.保守治疗

  部分髌腱断裂可采取保守治疗，伸膝位制动3～6周。在保守治疗之前，一定要肯定损伤是属部分断裂，MRI是一个准确的方法。

 

2.手术治疗

  完全断裂需手术治疗。治疗髌腱的实质部断裂，可用半腱肌或骨薄肌腱进行加强。髌腱实质部的急性断裂，可用不吸收缝线进行连续的内锁式缝合。陈旧性髌腱断裂的重建包括：直接缝合加上加强修补；异体骨组织移植；人工材料移植等。一般早期手术修补的疗效满意。延迟手术造成髌腱挛缩，导致手术困难，主要并发症有髌骨下移，屈膝受限，髌骨压力增加，导致髌股关节不适。

 

3.功能锻炼

   在医生的指导下进行循序渐进的运动训练，或进行膝关节的功能锻炼。这对肌力的恢复和防止关节黏连有重要意义。应早期进行股四头肌收缩练习，踝关节的背伸、跖屈锻炼。


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