{"type5":[],"type4":[{"id":"5555","isDel":0,"createAt":1503060834545,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"看协和医院专家为您解读透析病人的饮食注意事项","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">慢性肾功能衰竭。上述问题的主要原因是摄入的热卡大于需要。所以目前许多学者现在都认为：大部分的高血压、糖尿病是可以预防的，其中关键是合理的饮食。那么<strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">透析病人的饮食注意事项都有哪些呢？</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 38px; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">透析病人的饮食的&ldquo;食&rdquo;包括两个方面的问题，吃多少和吃什么？</span></span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">摄入大于需求，会导致高脂血症、动脉硬化及心脑血管病变；摄入小于需求，会导致营养不良、炎症和动脉硬化。营养不良是血透病人和腹透病人死亡的重要不良预后指标。透析病人吃多少，这个问题已经有了答案。</span></span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">腹膜透析病人每周经腹透液吸收</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\"> 500-2100 g</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">糖，同时丢失</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">80-100 g </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">氨基酸、</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">蛋白质，发生腹膜炎时，氨基酸和蛋白质的丢失量增加</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">倍。因此腹膜透析病人的营养特点为蛋白质营养不足，热卡摄入过多，高脂血症多见。目前推荐腹膜透析病人蛋白质摄入量为</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">1.3 g/kg /</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">天，其中至少</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">50% </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">为优质蛋白；热卡摄入量：</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">25kcal/kg/</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">天。</span></span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">血透病人每周经透析液丢失</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">36-75 g</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">糖，丢失</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">33-45 g</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">氨基酸、蛋白质，因此容易出现蛋白质</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">-</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">能量摄入均不足。目前推荐血透病人蛋白质摄入量：</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">1.2 g/kg /</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">天，其中至少</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">50% </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">为优质蛋白；热卡摄入量：</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">35 kcal/kg/</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">天</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">（年龄</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&lt;60</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">岁）或</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">30 kcal/kg /</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">天（年龄</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&gt;60</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">岁）。</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、在物质生活极度发达的今天，什么能吃，什么不能吃或少吃，都是非常讲究的。在全球，日本血透病人的存活率最高；在美国，亚裔血透病人的死亡率最低。日本人的饮食习惯与欧美不同，如鱼、大豆蛋白摄入较多，食物成分低脂、多膳食纤维，具有抗炎症和抗氧化作用。这些都值得借鉴。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"透析病人的饮食注意事项\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503061193133.jpg\" alt=\"透析病人的饮食注意事项\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></span></strong></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; 鱼</span></strong></span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">鱼油中含有较多的&omega;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">-3</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">脂肪酸，具有抗炎症作用和心血管保护作用。有研究发现，鱼油可以降低非肾脏病人的</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">CRP </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">和</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">IL-6 </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">。研究还发现，长期食用鱼类的透析病人死亡率降低</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">50 </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">％。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img title=\"透析病人的饮食注意事项\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503061063177.jpg\" alt=\"透析病人的饮食注意事项\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">豆腐</span></strong></span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">大豆中含有丰富的植物雌激素，包括染料木黄酮和异黄酮苷。植物雌激素除了对激素依赖性肿瘤具有保护作用以外，还可以调节细胞的生长、增生，并通过阻断炎症基因的表达抑制炎症反应和氧化应激反应。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><img title=\"透析病人的饮食注意事项\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503061465402.jpg\" alt=\"透析病人的饮食注意事项\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" />&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; 富含膳食纤维的食物</span></strong></span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">摄入膳食纤维多的病人血中的</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">CRP</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">水平较低，具有较强的抗炎和抗氧化作用。许多食物富含膳食纤维，如土豆、红薯、麦片等。</span>此外，适量摄入水果、蔬菜、木耳、坚果类和瓜子，适量饮酒（每天一杯干红或啤酒），也具有抗氧化和抗炎作用，对心血管具有保护作用。</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">透析病人的饮食禁忌</span></strong></span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">透析病人最好不要食用煎、炒、烹、炸的食物、高胆固醇的食物（如蛋黄、鱼籽、虾头）。盐的摄入量一定要控制在</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">6</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">克以内，不能食用咸菜、炸酱、豆腐乳等，炒菜时少放盐或不放盐。</span></span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"><br /> </span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">透析病人的饮食推荐案例</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">：</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\"> 60</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">公斤的透析病人食谱（蛋白质摄入量为</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\">72-78</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">克，热卡</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\">1800kcal/d</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">）</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\">:</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">牛奶</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\">500 ml</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">，鸡蛋</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">个（去黄），肉</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\">3-4</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">两（鱼、瘦肉猪肉），豆腐</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\">1-2</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">两，谷类</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\">3-5</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">两（适当补充富含膳食纤维的杂粮），蔬菜、水果</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; color: #333333;\">500</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; color: #333333;\">克。</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1802,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1503060834547,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1503060834547,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"1947","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646742473,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"慢性肾衰低钙高磷如何护理","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left;\">　　 &nbsp; 肾衰竭有急性与慢性之分，急性肾衰竭发病突然，可在数天、数周或数月间，肾功能迅速衰竭，并引发其他并发症；慢性肾衰竭是指肾功能慢性衰竭的症状。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　慢性肾衰竭的致病元凶是谁？</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　1、肾脏疾病：是导致尿毒症发生的最直接和最主要的原因。各类肾病，如没有有效控制病情，最终结局都将是发生尿毒症，如肾小球肾炎、肾病综合征、肾结石、尿路梗阻、肾血管疾病、遗传性肾病、肾肿瘤等。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　2、其他伴随疾病：如糖尿病、高血压、红斑狼疮、过敏性紫癜等，随着病程迁延均可发生肾损害，进一步就可恶化为尿毒症。其中，糖尿病肾病和高血压肾病是最常见和最严重的继发性肾病类型，是此类因素导致慢性肾衰竭发生的主要原因。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　3、药物损伤肾脏而导致尿毒症发生：抗生素、部分抗炎药、医用造影剂、抗肿瘤药物以及部分中药等均属于肾毒性药物，容易对肾脏造成损伤，由此引发尿毒症形成。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　慢性肾功能衰竭的症状</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　（1）低钠血症：慢性肾衰患者对钠的调节功能差。由于肾小管吸收钠的功能减退，加之一些其他因素，如常服利尿剂、腹泻、长期进食无盐饮食等，易产生低钠血症。由于钠和水的丢失，引起血容量减少。失钠导致肾功能迅速变坏，故低钠常可使一个原来病情比较稳定的患者出现尿毒症状。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　（2）低钙和高磷：由于患者尿碗排出减少，血磷升高。肾衰退时1，25（OH）2D3生成减少加之厌食等原因，肠道吸收钙减少，血钙降低。高血磷、低血钙刺激甲状旁腺素，可致继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进。肾衰时，高血磷要抑制肾不管细胞合成有活性的维生素D-1，25（OH）2D3而导致钙盐沉着障碍，引起肾性骨病。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　（3）低钾血症和高钾血症：由于厌食、呕吐、腹泻及利尿剂的使用，可致低钾血症。慢性肾功能衰竭的症状有哪些？其临床表现是：四肢无力、腹胀、心律失常和腱反射迟钝等。当尿毒症患者并发感染、酸中毒或长期服保钾利尿剂、输含钾多的库存血、或严重少尿时均可致高钾血症。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　（4）代谢性酸中毒：酸中毒是慢性肾衰患者的常风症状。由于肾小管生成氨、排泌氢离子及重吸收重碳酸盐的能力降低，加之腹泻失碱等因素，几乎所有的尿毒症患者都有轻重不同的代谢性酸中毒。轻度代谢性酸中毒一般无明显症状。当CO2-CP&lt;13mmol/L时，才会出现明显症状，如呼吸深大而长、食欲不振、恶心、呕吐、疲乏、头痛、躁动不安，严重者可发生昏迷。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　慢性肾衰竭的护理有哪些</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　①保持良好的心情</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　不要有过大的心理压力，压力过重会导致酸性物质的沉积，影响代谢的正常进行。适当的调节心情和自身压力可以保持弱碱性体质，从而预防慢性肾衰竭的发生。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　②生活要规律</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　慢性肾衰竭的护理有哪些？生活习惯不规律的人，如彻夜唱卡拉OK、打麻将、夜不归宿等生活无规律，都会加重体质酸化。容易患糖尿病。应当养成良好的生活习惯，从而保持弱碱性体质，使肾病远离自己。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　③控制饮食结构</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　避免酸性物质摄入过量，加剧酸性体质。慢性肾衰竭饮食禁忌？饮食的酸碱平衡对于糖尿病的治疗及并发症的防治是非常重要的一个环节。饮食方面要多吃富含植物有机活性碱的食品，少吃肉类，多吃蔬菜。恰玛古富含植物有机活性碱，能迅速排除体内酸毒，澄清尿液酸毒，从而真正的保护肾脏。不要食用被污染的食物，如被污染的水，农作物，家禽鱼蛋等，要吃一些绿色有机食品，要防止病从口入。远离烟、酒。烟、酒都是典型的酸性食品，毫无节制的抽烟喝酒，极易导致人体的酸化，使得肾病有机可乘。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2133,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646742475,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646742473,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"1413","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646681882,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"儿童肾病综合征的护理要注意什么","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾病综合征是小儿常见肾脏疾病，以大量蛋白尿、低白蛋白血症、高脂血症和水肿为主要临床特点，家属在护理患儿时应注意以下问题。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　一、为患儿制定合理健康的饮食计划</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　家属要为患者制定合理健康的饮食计划。在饮食的控制上，每天要保证0.8～1.0g/kg的蛋白质摄入量，蛋白质的摄入以食用大豆或动物蛋白为宜。每天摄入的热量应大于126kJ/kg。如果水肿严重，饮食要保持较低的盐分，待患儿消除水肿、尿量正常之后再恢复用盐量。同时，要保证各种维生素和微量元素的充足摄入。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　二、预防患者发生感染</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　预防感染对于肾病患儿非常重要，因为患肾病的儿童免疫力低下，容易激发感染，威胁患儿的生命。要加强对口腔、皮肤的护理，每天进行2～3次的苏打水漱口，用甲紫和碘伏等对破损的皮肤进行消毒。在治疗和护理的每一个步骤中，都要坚持无菌操作。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　三、与患儿多沟通</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　家属要按照出院医嘱，加强与孩子的沟通与交流。患儿由于长期患病治疗，容易产生焦虑压抑等心理问题，对于孩子出现的这些负面情绪，家长要及时进行指导，帮助孩子增加对抗病魔的决心和信心。家长要帮助患儿长期地、正确地坚持治疗。家长要帮助孩子进行适当的体育锻炼，保持孩子的体力，增强体质。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1857,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646681883,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646681882,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"4453","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646600608,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"Iga肾病患者怎么护理","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　很多患者就是因为不知道该如何去做，所以才会导致病情反反复复，给自身造成造成了更加严重的伤害。那么，IgA肾病患者怎么护理?接下来，就由专家来给大家介绍一些日常生活中IgA肾病患者怎么护理，希望患者们都能够认真的对待，并且能够有所行动起来。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　一、从IgA肾病患者的饮食上说起。由于IgA肾病患者的肾脏功能受到了损害，在人体中工作能力受到影响，所以IgA肾病患者要多从饮食中的蛋白质含量、盐分含量、钾和磷含量等入手。少吃一些蛋白质偏高的食物，这是为了减少蛋白尿；少吃含盐量比较高的食物，这是为了减轻水肿；少吃钾和磷含量高的食物，是为了避免引起心衰发生等，但是少吃不代表不吃，患者可以根据医生嘱咐选取一些含优蛋白质的食物。盐的量、钾和磷的食物也要听从医生安排。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　二、患者要有充足的休息。由于患者的体质比较弱，因此在生活中要保障有充足的休息时间，这样有利于病人的恢复。睡眠环境尽量要安静。可以适当的进行工作，但是不能从事重体力劳动。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　三、保持一定的运动量和饮水量。如果患者病情比较稳定，可以进行适当的运动锻炼，但是不能太劳累。平时要有稳定的饮水量（由医生根据情况来定），不憋尿。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　四、注意治疗一些基础疾病。例如：感冒、尿路感染、呼吸道疾病、泌尿系统疾病。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　五、用药要合理，不要吃一些含有肾毒性的药物。要在医生的指导下服用相关药物。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　六、定期检查，这样可以及时的了解IgA肾病的病况，首先时间进行相关治疗。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1620,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646600610,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646600608,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"4191","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646569010,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"得了肾结石后的护理措施有哪些","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left;\">　　日常生活当中会有较多的原因引发肾结石的出现，发病后就会危害患者的肾脏健康，同时带给他们相当多的痛苦，大家必须要将肾结石引起高度的重视，而且相关的护理工作必须要加强起来，带朋友们了解一下此病的护理方法有哪些呢。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　<strong style=\"color: #333333;\">肾结石的护理：</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　1、多喝水。预防肾结石，第一步是多喝水(也可能只需要这一步)。240毫升的杯子，每天至少喝六到八杯。尽管喝水一直是不错的选择，但其他无咖啡因、无酒精的饮料也不错(如果尿液中草酸盐浓度过高，医生会提醒您不要喝太多去咖啡因茶)。每天喝大量的水是预防肾结石症状最好的方法之一，每天至少六到八杯。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　2、多吃奶制品。大多数肾结石(大约90%)的成分为钙和草酸盐。由于奶制品中富含钙质，医生过去曾建议所有肾结石患者少吃这类食品。但最近的研究显示，食用奶制品实际上可以降低患肾结石的风险，因为其中的钙质可以帮助机体清除其他容易形成结石的物质。但是，医生可能会建议您不要吃钙质补充药物。如果您患有肾结石，请咨询医生，肾结石的饮食中含有多少钙质是安全的。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　3、多摄入维生素a。维生素a对维护尿路整体健康是必需的。富含维生素a的食物包括：红薯、南瓜、笋瓜、椰菜，以及胡萝卜。健康成年人维生素a的建议每日供给量(rda)为5000国际单位，平衡的多样化饮食可轻松满足这一要求。您不要急于服用维生素a补充药物，如果摄入过多维生素a，机体无法将其排出，会积累产生毒性。增加维生素b的摄入量。科学家发现，维生素b6可降低血液中草酸盐的含量，从而预防肾结石的形成。镁似乎也可以预防结石。医生可能会建议每日补充维生素b6或镁(或两者的混合制剂)。补充维生素b6时，每天不要超过25毫克。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　当我们了解上述的介绍之后，大家清楚的认识到了肾结石的主要护理方法有哪些了，肾结石会影响较多的朋友，因此会严重的伤害患者肾脏的健康，各位朋友应当提防肾结石的出现，对于患者的护理工作也应当加强起来才可以。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1653,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646569011,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646569010,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3304","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646468296,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"肾盂肾炎女性患者如何做好日常护理？","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾盂肾炎有急性期和慢性期两个阶段，好发于女性，主要表现为腰痛和膀胱刺激症状，急性期有发热，甚至高热。那么肾盂肾炎女性患者应该怎么样做好家庭护理呢?</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　1、注意阴部清洁。肾盂肾炎女性患者应保持外阴清洁，慎用盆浴，以减少尿道口菌群的感染，尤其在月经期、妊娠期要特别注意卫生，防止上行感染。在治疗后一年内应避孕，以免因怀孕而加重病情。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　2、在发作期应多饮水，勤排尿，以冲洗膀胱和尿道，避免细菌在尿路繁殖。同时要注意加强营养和身体锻炼。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　3、注意观察有无发烧和尿路刺激症状。慢性肾盂肾炎后期，注意有无肾脏损害症状，如高血压、贫血、尿毒症等。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　4、服用药物时，要注意药物的副作用。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　5、如果需要做尿培养，应做好以下准备：①用抗生素前或停用抗生素5天后留尿标本。②收集清晨尿。③留尿标本前要充分清洗会阴部，保持尿液不受污染。留尿时要留取中段尿置于无菌试管内。④留好的尿标本，要在2小时内作培养和计菌落数，以免有杂菌生长，影响判断结果。若有特殊情况需将尿液冷藏在4℃以下的冰箱内。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　 在饮食方面，也需要额外注意，常见的肾盂肾炎的饮食注意事项有：</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　1、远离强烈的调味品。生活中，比较常见的有：胡椒、芥末、咖胆、辣椒等，这些都对患者的肾功能不利，肾盂肾炎的饮食应忌食。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　2、控制植物蛋白质的摄入。专家指出，蛋白质的摄入量应根据肾盂肾炎患者的肾功能情况着实而定，以减轻肾脏的负担，避免非蛋白氮在体内的积存。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　3、避免高脂肪的食物。该病患者存在高血压和贫血的症状，因此对于高脂肪的食物对于患者的治疗和康复是不利的，故肾盂肾炎的饮食不宜过多食用。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　4、注意食盐的摄入量。肾盂肾炎患者的水肿症状与血容量、钠盐有密切的关系。因此，肾盂肾炎的饮食必须限制食盐，给予低盐饮食。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1022","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1806,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646468297,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646468296,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type3":[{"id":"5552","isDel":0,"createAt":1503042077911,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">在看了武侠小说萧峰喝了数十碗白酒还面不改色心不跳，我就想知道<strong>解酒的最快方法</strong>、还有民间的<strong>解酒方法</strong>靠不靠谱。在查阅相关医学文献后发现：从酒精的代谢过程来看，所谓&ldquo;靠谱的&rdquo;解酒途径主要分两种：一、延缓酒精在胃肠道的吸收，避免血中乙醇浓度的升高；二、解酒需要增加乙醇脱氢酶和乙醛脱氢酶的数量，或提高它们的活性。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503042765921.jpg\" alt=\"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使\" width=\"600\" height=\"449\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">上文中的第一点，非常容易做到的：饮酒前垫些食物，能够减缓饮酒的速度，并能稍微减少酒精的吸收，延长酒精代谢时间；在饮酒过程中注意多喝水，让酒精通过尿液排出，补充水分和矿物质。俄罗斯人一般主张在喝伏特加的时候吃些油炸土豆，还是有一定道理的。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503042243654.jpg\" alt=\"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">关于第二点，市面的</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">&ldquo;解酒药&rdquo;基本没有任何作用。乙醇脱氢酶和乙醛脱氢酶的数量和活性是遗传决定的，外源无法补充，并且这些酶类都是一些蛋白质，通过口服，胃酸就让这些药物失去活性。<strong>&ldquo;解酒药&rdquo;让人感到清醒、觉得舒服，主要是因为其中含有利尿、止痛和兴奋的成分，可以缓解头痛、恶心症状，但它们无从真正&ldquo;解酒&rdquo;，反而让肝脏在代谢酒精的同时，来对付这些外来药物，到头来加重肝脏的负担。</strong></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">民间的&ldquo;酒席宝典&rdquo;：</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503042854496.jpg\" alt=\"不仅让你知道解酒的最快方法、更回答你民间的解酒方法靠不靠谱、解酒酶到底好使不好使\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">碳酸饮料如雪碧：透明的雪碧兑进白酒，是酒桌上常用的&ldquo;障眼术&rdquo;。但是，碳酸饮料富含二氧化碳气体，使胃容积膨胀，增加酒精吸收的面积；并且二氧化碳还能促进酒精进入空肠的速度，增加酒精吸收，所以用碳酸饮料兑酒会使人更易醉酒。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">蜂蜜水：研究提示蜂蜜水中的果糖能使机体摄入的酒精在更短时间内消失，但进一步的研究发现，果糖仅仅是提高了乙醇脱氢酶的效率，而乙醇的产物&mdash;&mdash;对身体危害更大的乙醛&mdash;&mdash;没有丝毫影响。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">非甾体抗炎药如阿司匹林：可以缓解饮酒后的头痛，但对酒精代谢并无任何作用，并且它们和酒精同时摄入，会增加胃出血和肝损伤的风险。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">中草药如葛根汤：葛根是传统医学里提到的解酒良方，部分市面&ldquo;解酒药&rdquo;的成分里就含有葛根，但有研究表明，葛根是乙醛脱氢酶</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">的抑制剂，在大量饮酒后饮用葛根，反而可能增加乙醛相关肿瘤的风险。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;如此看来，酒桌之上，如果没有萧峰的体，又没有段誉的命，还是少饮为妙。找良医网友情提示：饮酒伤身，解酒无方。</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1727,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1503042077913,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1503042077913,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3973","isDel":0,"createAt":1486782265847,"createBy":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"茉莉花","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6aad1b12ea7211e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"取结石，治囊肿","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">双肾0.3cm结石，右肾1cm囊肿,今年参军 体检过不了，只希望取出结石，去除囊肿</span></p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1665,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486782265849,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486782265847,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3893","isDel":0,"createAt":1486776244758,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"药物性肾损伤导致的肾衰竭","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">女,57岁。患肾病十年，08年肌酐130当时诊断是因为药物性肾损伤，在中日友好医院做了肾穿，病理结果记不太清只是说肾小管间质性病变。每年肌酐都在逐步上升，现在的指标给您传过去，本地医院建议透析治疗，我们很没有方向，不知这种情况应该怎么办？</span></p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1977,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486776244760,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486776244758,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"2604","isDel":0,"createAt":1486745174030,"createBy":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","createName":"海总剑客","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"6f08827db09911e6927f00163e04584d","title":"肾小管损伤和肾感染","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">女,35岁。半年前吃有毒性中药导致肝肾损伤，引起过敏反应，ige高，肾小管损伤。之后三个月又肾感染肾盂肾炎三个月前刚感染是右肾增大，现在两个肾都增大了。,现在上眼皮有点肿了。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">三个月前肾活检感染了很多耐药菌。</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">烦死了</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\"><br/></span></p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1426,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486745174039,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486745174030,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"4092","isDel":0,"createAt":1486740617156,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"多囊肾尿毒症的治疗建议","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">2015年8月份受惊吓血压升高昏迷，后身体逐渐虚弱，2016年4月份诊断为肾结石及甲亢，后甲亢治愈。9月份诊断为多囊肾，肌酐600多，血压偶有身高，最高纪录为160。现在肌酐升至786，尿酸551。左足肿痛，后吃秋水仙碱及小苏打渐渐好转</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">病人对透析有抗拒心理，想通过中药治疗。请问是否应该做透析？有无其他治疗办法？透析后有无好转后不再透析的可能？谢谢！</span><br/></p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1657,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486740617158,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486740617156,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type2":[{"id":"1616","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646275865,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"肾盂肾炎患者主要症状","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　对于肾盂肾炎，大家或许还不是很清楚，这是一种常见的肾脏疾病，在男性和女性当中，发病率都是很高的，但是，哪些症状预示着患了肾盂肾炎呢？这是很多人关心的问题，下面我们就来看看吧。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾盂肾炎是指肾脏盂的炎症，大都由细菌感染引起，一般伴下泌尿道炎症，临床上不易严格区分。根据患者临床病程及临床表现，可将肾盂肾炎分为急性及慢性两期，而慢性肾盂肾炎是导致慢性肾功能不全的重要原因。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾盂肾炎患者无乱是急性期，还是慢性期，起病多以少尿开始，并且可有前驱症状以及水肿、高血压、肾功能损害等症状。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　<strong style=\"color: #333333;\">1.前驱症状：</strong>大多数肾盂肾炎患者在发病前一个月均有先驱感染史，急性患者起病多突然，慢性患者则呈隐性缓慢起病。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　<strong style=\"color: #333333;\">2.起病：</strong>肾盂肾炎患者多以少尿开始，或逐渐少尿，甚至无尿。可同时伴有肉眼血尿，持续时间不等，但镜下血尿持续存在，尿常规变化与急性肾小球肾炎基本相同。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　<strong style=\"color: #333333;\">3.水肿：</strong>水肿为肾盂肾炎患者常见临床症状，大部分患者在开始少尿时则出现水肿，以面部及下肢为重。水肿一旦出现难以消退。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　<strong style=\"color: #333333;\">4.高血压：</strong>部分患者在起病时便伴有高血压，也有在起病以后过程中出现高血压，一旦血压增高，呈持续性，不易自行下降。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　<strong style=\"color: #333333;\">5.肾功能损害：</strong>患者肾功能损害呈持续性加重，并且肾小球滤过率明显降低和肾小管功能障碍同时存在。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾盂肾炎可发生于各种年龄，以育龄妇女最多见，根据患者临床表现可将其分为急性肾盂肾炎以及慢性肾盂肾炎。急性肾盂肾炎患者起病较急骤，病变可为单侧或双侧，局限或广泛，可轻可重，轻者仅累及肾盂粘膜。患者临床上可有泌尿系症状、胃肠道症状等。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　泌尿系症状：急性肾盂肾炎患者有腰痛，多为钝痛或酸痛，程度不一，少数有腹部绞痛，沿输输尿管向膀胱方向放射，体检时在上输尿管点，即腹直肌外缘与脐平线交叉点或肋腰点，即腰大肌外缘与十二肋交叉点有压痛，肾叩痛阳性。患者常有尿频、尿急、尿痛等膀胱刺激症状，这些膀胱刺激症状可先于全身症状出现。儿童患者的泌尿系系症状常不明显，起病时除高热等全身症状外，常有惊厥、抽搐发作。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　胃肠道症状：急性肾盂肾炎患者可出现胃肠道症状，可有食欲不振、恶心、呕吐，个别患者还可出现中上腹或全腹疼痛。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　除此之外，患者还可出现高热、寒战等症状，体温多在38℃~39℃之间，也可高达40℃。热型不一，一般呈弛张型，也可呈间歇或稽留型，伴头痛、全身酸痛。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　在了解了肾盂肾炎的症状之后，大家一定要格外重视，一旦发现肾盂肾炎的蛛丝马迹，大家一定要趁早到医院就诊，别错过最佳的治疗时机哦，倘若疾病加重，那就不好了。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1529,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646275866,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646275865,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"1415","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646252537,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"肾结石的临床症状有哪些","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left;\">　　肾结石这个病可能大家觉得不是很严重，只要手术后就会好的，但它带给患者的痛苦是无法表达的，这个疾病在生活当中有着很高的发病率，对于患者的影响也是比较大的，所以这个疾病一定要积极的进行治疗，为了帮助大家及时的发现疾病我们来了解一下肾结石的临床症状有哪些?</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　<strong style=\"color: #333333;\">肾结石的临床表现具体如下：</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　1、剧烈疼痛，苦不堪言</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　结石嵌顿在肾盂输尿管交界部或输尿管内下降时，可出现肾绞痛，为突然发作的阵发性刀割样疼痛，疼痛剧烈难忍，病人辗转不安，疼痛从腰部或侧腹部向下放射至膀胱区，外阴部及大腿内侧，有时有大汗、恶心呕吐。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　<strong style=\"color: #333333;\">2、堵塞尿路，引起急性肾功能障碍</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　当继发急性肾盂肾炎或肾积脓时，可有发热、畏寒、寒颤等全身症状。双侧上尿路结石或肾结石完全梗阻时，可导致无尿。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　<strong style=\"color: #333333;\">3、较小的结石活动范围大，危害周边组织</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　当小结石进入肾盂输尿管连接部或输尿管时，引起输尿管剧烈的蠕动，以促使结石排出，于是出现绞痛和血尿。肾绞痛严重时，面色苍白，全身出冷汗，脉细而速，甚至血压下降，呈虚脱状态，同时伴有恶心、呕吐、腹胀便秘。绞痛发作时，尿量减少，绞痛缓解后，可有多尿现象。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　<strong style=\"color: #333333;\">4、无尿</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　双侧上尿路结石引起双侧完全兴梗阻或独肾上尿路结石完全兴梗阻时，可导致无尿。有时肾结石感染症状为尿路结石的表现。特别是儿童上尿路结石，大多数表现为尿路感染，值得注意。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1787,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646252542,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646252537,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"1195","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646225510,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"肾病的早期症状和前兆有哪些","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　随着肾病病发率呈现不断上升，此种疾病给很多人的身体健康带来很大的伤害。但是很多患者对于此种疾病的症状表现都不了解，容易和其他疾病相混淆，耽误了治疗的时间。为了帮助到大家更好的了解肾病的早期症状和前兆有哪些，现在就请专家告诉大家肾病的早期症状。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　一：腰疼腰痛是肾病的一个表现症状，但是通常情况下肾病病人常常没有明显的腰疼表现，或者说发现肾炎后才隐隐感觉腰疼，以为是腰有病，才会感觉有腰疼。其实这种腰疼大不如肾盂肾炎及肾结石的腰疼，肾肾炎的腰疼多为一侧，而肾结石的腰疼表现剧烈且多向大腿内侧放射。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　二：血尿血尿分为两种，即肉眼血尿和镜下血尿，镜下血尿是用肉眼看不到的，只有在显微镜下才有红细胞。如果有肉眼血尿就表示尿里面的红细胞有很多了。当然，有血尿也不一定是肾炎，此外，女同志的血尿要多加关注下是不是为月经期所引起。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　三：尿异常正常人的尿色是透明的浅黄色，如果喝水少或清晨第一次排尿，颜色稍深。如果尿色发红，或者尿中泡沫多，要注意去肾内科检查。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　四：浮肿肾脏是人体代谢水的器官，肾不好，水就会蓄积。有的人早上起来发现眼皮浮肿，或者双脚、双腿浮肿，都要考虑肾脏的问题。具体浮肿的表现为眼睑、面部、阴囊等比较疏松的中央，当前才会出现下肢水肿，紧张时亦可全身水肿，少数人也可有腹水。小腿骨的部门用手指去压，手指压凹陷处，很久才会规复；怀胎前期小腿浮肿，血压上升，产生卵白尿等。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾病是种非常严重的疾病，所以在生活中大家应多加予以重视。只有在得病的时候，做到科学的治疗，才能尽早摆脱肾病带来的折磨。一旦耽误到了治疗的时间，疾病只会给身体健康带来更大的影响。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1759,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646225511,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646225510,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"4760","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646201339,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"肾病的早期症状 10个身体信号预示肾脏出毛病","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾是人们非常重要的器官之一，如果肾脏出现了问题对人们是一种非常大的伤害，而最近几年肾病的发病率也是逐年的提高，有些人就是因为忽略了生活中肾病发出的一些小症状而耽误了最佳的治疗时间，那么肾病早期有哪些症状呢，下面我就给大家介绍一下这方面的内容：</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　1.没劲儿：肾功能不好时，很多废物难以从尿里排泄出去，会出现精神不振、疲劳、乏力等没劲儿的感觉。北京中医药大学东方医院肾病科主任王暴魁指出，肾脏有病，蛋白质等营养物质从肾脏漏出，通过尿液排出体外，也会有没劲儿的表现。有些患者会以为是过于劳累，或是其他原因，而忽视肾脏问题。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　2.胃口不好：病人会出现多种消化道症状，尤其是因为胃肠道水肿，常有不思饮食、腹胀等消化功能紊乱的症状。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　3.恶心呕吐：当糖尿病患者发生肾功能衰竭时，血中尿素氮增高，肠道中细菌的尿素酶会将尿素分解为氨，氨能刺激胃肠道黏膜，引起恶心、呕吐。加之此时的肾脏对尿的浓缩功能减退，就会增加患者的夜尿量，而人体水分在夜间会大量丢失、血液浓缩，晨起血尿素氮水平相对升高。所以，晨起时容易恶心、呕吐加重。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　4.小便有泡沫：尿里有泡沫的原因有很多，肾病也会引发这一现象。如果蛋白质从肾脏漏到了尿里，尿就会起许多泡沫。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　5.排尿量不正常：健康的人每天排尿次数大约为4&mdash;6次，尿量约800&mdash;2000毫升，如果排尿次数和尿量过多或过少，就要注意了。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　6.尿蛋白和尿潜血：尿里有蛋白或者潜血，是肾脏有病的重要指征，尿常规就可以查出。但有时非肾病专业的医生会忽视这一点，建议最好找肾病专业医师咨询。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　7.贫血：贫血的患者经常会去血液科就诊。其实，肾脏除了有排泄废物等功能外，还有分泌造血激素的功能，也是肾功能损害的一大信号。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　8.高血压：高血压可以引起高血压肾病，也叫高血压肾损害，所以有高血压病的人要多加注意。当然，肾脏病也会导致高血压。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　9.痛风、高尿酸血症：痛风、高尿酸血症都是血液中尿酸过多造成的，血液尿酸高的人，尿酸会沉积在肾脏里，使肾功能受损。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　10.尿路感染：经常尿路感染的人，时间长了，有可能造成肾功能不全。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1755,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646201341,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646201339,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"4450","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646170904,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"患上肾衰后患者都会出现哪些症状","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　可想而知，如果我们的肾脏出现了问题那后果将是非常严重的，肾衰是肾功能下降的一种表现，肾脏功能几乎快丧失时，这种疾病的症状才会很明显。初期如身体不适，恶心，尿频等症状，这些大多数人都不会和肾衰画上等号。那么如果在肾衰初期不及时控制并治疗的话，很可能会发展为尿毒症，最终成为身体的负担。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　患上肾衰患者会出现以下症状：</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　1、身体不适，由于毒素和废物在体内不断堆积，肾衰病人可能会感到浑身不适。症状包括恶心，呕吐，夜间睡眠不好，没有胃口，搔痒和疲劳。一些肾衰病人会出现水肿现象。尿量减少，尿频(尤其在夜间)。手足踝水肿。其它症状还有气短，眼睛周围肿胀。由于肾脏功能遭受损害，人体不能产生制造红细胞所需的足够荷尔蒙，因而产生贫血。贫血的人经常会感到寒冷和疲惫。甚至还会出现其他症状，如血尿(呈茶色或血红色)、高血压、尿液中出现泡沫、腹泻、极度口渴、睡眠不安，或嗜睡、性欲下降。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　2、急性肾衰急性肾衰的病情进展快速，通常是因肾脏血流供应不足(如外伤或烧伤)、肾脏因某种因素阻塞造成功能受损或是受到毒物的伤害，引起急性肾衰竭的产生。慢性肾衰是指各种肾脏疾病引起的缓慢进行性肾功能损害最后导致尿毒症和肾功能完全丧失，引起一系列临床症状和生化内分泌等代谢紊乱组成的临床综合征，从原发病起病到肾功能不全的开始，间隔时间可为数年到十余年。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　3、尿渗透压降低比重低，多在1.018以下，严重时固定在1.010～1.012之间，作尿浓缩稀释试验时夜尿量大于日尿量，各次尿比重均超过1.020，最高和最低的尿比重差小于0.008。尿量减少多在每日1000毫升以下。尿蛋白定量增加晚期因肾小球绝大部分已损伤，尿蛋白反而减少。尿沉渣检查肾衰患者时可有多少不等的红细胞、白细胞、上皮细胞和颗粒管型，蜡样管型最有意义。肾功能检查肾衰患者各项指标均提示肾功能减退。血生化检查血浆中白蛋白减少，血钙偏低，血磷增高，血钾和血钠随病情而定。</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1016","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1847,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646170905,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646170904,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"metaSearch":{"description":"","keywords":"肾内科","title":"肾内科","channels":null},"focus":0,"type1":[{"id":"5554","isDel":0,"createAt":1503059887841,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"尿毒症透析效果与高血压的相关性","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; </span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">尿毒症透析</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">效果与高血压的相关性方面非常密切，对肾脏病晚期尿毒症患者而言，高血压患病率具有高、顽固、不易控制三个特点。</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">首先我们谈谈正常的血压特点。正常血压在</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">120/80mmHg</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">左右，脉压</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">30</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">～</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">40mmHg</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">。血压波动有昼夜节律，夜间血压最低，晨起活动后迅速上升，在上午</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">6</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">～</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">10</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">点和下午</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">4</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">～</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">8</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">点各有一高峰。影响血压波动的因素较多，如活动、饱食、情绪激动、精神紧张、寒冷、失眠、吸烟、饮酒和饮咖啡等都会影响血压的变化。高血压患者应当学会自己在家中监测血压，可以随时取得数值，这种检测结果更接近日常生活状态，结果更可靠。测血压的要求：</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、安静休息</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">∽</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">10</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">分钟，坐</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">/</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">卧位；</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、袖带须松紧合适，下缘距肘上</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">1-2</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">厘米，与心脏水平；</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">3</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、放气速度缓慢均匀，声音刚出现时为收缩压（</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">SBP</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">）声音消失时为舒张压（</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">DBP</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">）</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"尿毒症透析效果与高血压的相关性\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503060448502.jpeg\" alt=\"尿毒症透析效果与高血压的相关性\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">尿毒症透析患者</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">控制血压的意义是什么呢？高血压一般没有症状，但长期高血压可以造成心脏、脑血管、肾脏等内脏器官的损害，一旦出现难以逆转，所以医学界把高血压称为&ldquo;沉默杀手&rdquo;。高血压的危害非常多：增加脑出血风险，可造成中风</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">, </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">痴呆；心脏损害突出，导致高血压性心脏病、心肌梗塞，心力衰竭等；与肾脏损害互为因果，高血压本身可导致肾功能不全；还可加速全身动脉粥样硬化的产生。研究结果表明：心血管的死亡率与血压水平成正比。合理降压可以减少严重并发症的发生；收缩压每降低</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">10</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">毫米汞柱，可减低</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">56</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">％的中风和</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">37</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">％的冠心病发生。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">尿毒症透析</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">患者血压控制在多少呢？目标血压应个体化，为其可耐受的最低血压，多要求控制在</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">130-140/80-90mmHg</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">左右。对于<strong>尿毒症透析</strong>的患者，高血压的治疗是一种综合治疗，需要终生治疗，其内容包括生活方式的改变与危险因素的控制、血液净化治疗、药物治疗、手术治疗等。<strong>尿毒症透析</strong>患者的生活方式改变也非常重要，是成功控制血压的基础和前提，重要程度已经远远超过药物治疗。因此应当重视生活保健。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">尿毒症透析</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">患者平时要保持乐观向上的生活态度和稳定的情绪；保持生活起居规律，睡眠充足；肥胖患者要注意控制体重；戒除烟酒等不良嗜好；坚持适量运动，按照循序渐进、持之以恒，量力而行的原则，可以参加慢跑、打太极拳等活动；另外，排便宜选坐位，要多吃粗粮及蔬菜，以防便秘。饮食以清淡为主，避免进食肥腻、刺激性、高胆固醇及腌制的食物，烹调方法应以蒸、滚、氽为主，避免煎炸，少肉多菜，肉类以瘦肉为主，去膏去皮，少盐、少糖、少油，多吃含维生素和纤维素丰富的蔬菜和水果。提高睡眠质量对血压控制也很有意义。可以中午小睡，使全身放松；晚餐宜少，清淡为主；睡前娱乐活动要有节制，不可计较输赢或过于认真激动，不宜长时间看电视；起床宜缓特别对于长期服用降压药的患者，应当缓缓起身，防止过急而晕倒。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">对于少尿或无尿的透析患者，调整透析处方，合理控制体重对控制血压非常有帮助。这类患者的高血压多为容量依赖性，通过降低体重，可以控制</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">50-80%</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">的高血压。排除体内过多的水负荷，也是药物治疗的前提。但主要困难是：</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、透析间期体重上升过多，进水过多达不到干体重，透析时患者难以耐受大剂量的超滤</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">；</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\"> 2</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、部分患者为保持残余尿量不愿多透。患者充分认识到高血压的危害，饮食上限制盐的摄入（</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">2-3</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">克</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">/</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">天），限制水摄入，尽量使每日体重上升不超过</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">公斤。过多的水分应当透析时尽量清除，因为残余尿量的保持是以增加心血管系统的负荷为代价的，应当主动配合医生评价并逐渐达到干体重。必要时可以请医生协助调整透析液钠浓度或改变透析剂量、模式。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">当然药物治疗也非常重要，但是应当记住降压不能只靠吃药，药物治疗不是降压治疗的全部，健康生活方式应当贯彻一生。<strong>尿毒症透析</strong>的患者朋友应当注意几个用药的细节问题：</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、应当规律用药，坚持终身治疗；</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、尽量选用长效药物；</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">3</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、按照血压波动规律服药，降压药应该在高峰到来之前服用，即早起后和下午</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">4-5</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">点服药最好；</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">4</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、吃药别忘了测血压；</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、没有症状也要吃药，高血压治疗应依据病人的血压水平，而不是症状的有无或轻重。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">几种常用药物的使用注意事项：洛汀新、蒙诺：有良好的心脏保护作用、降压平稳，部分患者可能造成血钾；洛活喜：长效药物，效果肯定，降压平稳，副作用小；缓释异博定：作用强大，长效，但有可能导致心动过缓、心衰，使用中应当监测脉搏；倍他乐克：虽然降压作用较弱，但有心脏保护作用，长期服用效果好，有可能降低心率，注意监测脉搏，不宜突然停药，否则心率加快；心痛定：短效药物、血压波动大，可以短期服用，不宜作为长期用药依赖；哌唑嗪：效果短暂，可能造成体位性低血压，在生活中体位变动应当注意，避免晕倒。</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1781,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1503059887843,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1503059887843,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"5553","isDel":0,"createAt":1503046598628,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"慢性肾病中的慢性移植肾肾病的治疗原则","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">慢性移植肾肾病是肾移植一年后导致移植肾失功的常见病因，目前发生机理尚未完全明确。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">一、慢性移植肾肾病</span><strong style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">的</strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">诊断</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">临床表现大部分表现为移植肾功能缓慢下降，伴有进展性蛋白尿和高血压。并影响肾实质的所有成分，包括肾血管、肾小球、肾间质和肾小管。肾血管病变可见血管内膜增厚，内膜下结缔组织聚集，并可见单核细胞、肌纤维母细胞浸润、内膜弹力层分层和断裂。血管内皮的炎症损伤是慢性移植肾肾病的初始病变，由此导致内膜进展性增厚及管腔狭窄。免疫荧光可见</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">IgG</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">、</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">C3</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">和纤维蛋白原沉积，管周毛细血管染色</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">C4d</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">可阳性。肾小球病变包括肾小球基底膜增厚，偶见双轨形成类似于膜增殖性肾小球肾炎。其它肾小球病理改变还包括肾小球体积增大，可呈分叶状并可见节段性硬化，严重者可见球性硬化。电镜下可见系膜细胞插入及内皮下电子透亮物沉积，部分病例还可见类似膜性肾病的上皮下沉积。免疫复合物沉积不是移植肾肾小球病的主要表现。肾小管间质病变包括不同程度的间质纤维化、灶状淋巴细胞及浆细胞浸润，可见肾小管萎缩和小管上皮细胞脱落。这些病变为非特异性，除慢性移植肾肾病外还可见于其它疾病如</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">CsA</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">或</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">FK506</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">肾毒性，慢性移植肾肾病其它病理改变还有肾小管周边毛细血管基底膜断裂和分层。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"慢性肾病中的慢性移植肾肾病的治疗原则\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503047474510.jpg\" alt=\"慢性肾病中的慢性移植肾肾病的治疗原则\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">二、慢性移植肾肾病的鉴别诊断</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; 1</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">．膜增殖性肾小球肾炎：膜增殖性肾小球肾炎型的移植肾肾小球病需与其他病理类型的肾小球疾病，特别是与丙型肝炎病毒感染有关的膜增殖性肾小球肾炎及复发性膜增殖性肾小球肾炎相鉴别。这些疾病光镜下表现相似，在电镜下移植肾肾小球病可见基底膜增厚和双轨征，但常无免疫复合物沉积；丙肝病毒有关的膜增殖性肾小球肾炎可见显著的内皮下免疫复合物沉积。由于移植肾肾小球病的患者也可能有丙肝病毒抗体阳性，因此只根据丙肝病毒抗体阳性不能区分移植肾肾小球病和丙肝相关性</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">MPGN</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; 2</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">．肾间质纤维化：某些免疫抑制剂中毒，如</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">CsA</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">或</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">FK506</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">肾毒性均可致肾间质纤维化，两者常需鉴别诊断。如组织学上有较特征的肾小球病变或肾小管周围毛细血管基底膜断裂及分层则有助于慢性移植肾肾病的诊断；而新形成的肾小动脉管壁玻璃样变则是</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">CsA</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">肾毒性的特征性改变。但慢性移植肾肾病的特征性病变并不常见，而移植肾肾小动脉病变也可能不是新形成的，因此光镜下两者很难鉴别，此外这两种病变也可同时存在。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">三、慢性移植肾肾病的治疗</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">由于慢性移植肾肾病发生机制复杂，治疗存在一定难度。相应的的大规模、前瞻性、随机、对照研究还不多。只能针对影响慢性移植肾肾病的各个环节，包括免疫性和非免疫性方面予以治疗。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; 1</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">．免疫抑制治疗：目前临床应用的免疫抑制剂对慢性移植肾肾病治疗作用并不明确，但如果慢性移植肾肾病的原因是由于患者使用免疫抑制剂顺应性较差或减量过快，则可加强免疫抑制治疗。部分患者肾活检发现在慢性移植肾肾病的基础上仍有活动性急性排异反应的证据，对该部分患者应用皮质激素冲击治疗可能有效。另一方面，由于</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">CsA</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">或</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">FK506</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">具有肾毒性，也可能参与慢性移植肾肾病过程，因此对于</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">CsA</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">或</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">FK506</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">肾毒性患者，减少这些药物，可能受到有益效果。初步的临床研究发现对无急性排异表现的患者，减少</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">CsA</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">或</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">FK506</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">剂量，同时加用霉酚酸酯（</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">－</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">3g/d</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">），可减慢这些患者肾功能下降的速度。但目前还缺乏相应的临床研究。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">．非免疫抑制治疗：非免疫抑制治疗包括积极控制血压及降血脂治疗。在各种原发性慢性肾小球肾炎中，血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">ACEI</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">）或血管紧张素</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">II </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">受体拮抗剂</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">(ARB)</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">都能有效地降低全身及肾小球毛细血管压，减少尿蛋白的排泄。有临床研究发现</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">ACEI </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">或</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">ARB</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">能够降低高血压肾移植患者的尿蛋白排泄率，同时不会对肾脏血液动力学带来不良影响，这种疗法对移植肾失功的长期作用有待进一步研究。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; HMG</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">－</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">CoA</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">还原酶抑制剂，如他汀类常用于降脂治疗，并可延缓移植物血管病变的进展。其它治疗手段包括抗血小板聚集药物、血栓素拮抗剂、鱼油及低蛋白饮食等，但是对慢性移植肾肾病的疗效还需要随机对照的临床试验来验证。</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1886,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1503046598630,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1503046598630,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"4179","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646138317,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"遗传是肾盂癌疾病的病因吗","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾盂癌疾病的发生严重影响到了人们的身体健康，其实当患上肾癌疾病的时候饱受疾病带来的，因此对于肾癌疾病的病发原因我们在积极的了解的情况下要积极的实施预防措施，那么原发性元疾病的主要病发原因都是有哪些呢!</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　(一)发病原因</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　染料、皮革、橡胶、油漆等工业原料中的芳香伯胺类物质如&beta;-萘胺、联苯胺等是肾盂癌致癌质，色胺酸代谢紊乱、吸烟及长期服用非那西丁类药物者，肾盂癌发病率明显增高。感染或长期结石刺激可引起鳞癌或腺癌。囊性肾盂炎、腺性肾盂炎可发展为肾盂癌。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　<strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　(二)发病机制</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　本病多数为移行细胞癌，少数为鳞癌和腺癌，后二者约占肾盂癌的15%左右，它们的恶性程度远较移行细胞癌为高。临床所见移行细胞癌可在任何被覆有移行上皮的尿路部位先后或同时出现，因此，在诊断及处理上应视为一个整体，不能孤立地对待某一局部的移行细胞癌。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾盂癌绝大多数为移行细胞癌，可分为4级。Ⅰ级：乳头状伴正常黏膜;Ⅱ级：乳头状伴少量多形性变和核分裂;Ⅲ级：扁平移行细胞伴显著多形性变和核分裂;Ⅳ级：极度多形性变。因肾盂壁薄，易发生淋巴或血行转移，预后不良。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　鳞状细胞癌约占肾盂癌的15%，病变扁平，质硬，迅速浸润达肾脏周围、肾门及区域淋巴结，确诊时多已转移，预后差。腺癌极为少见。肾盂肿瘤可发生于肾盂的任何部位，有多中心发生的特点，可同时或先后发生输尿管肿瘤或膀胱肿瘤，在乳头状瘤或乳头状癌患者中较为多见，而在平坦的浸润性乳头状癌患者中较为少见。关于肾盂肿瘤的多发现象，目前有4种解释：①淋巴途径扩散;②经黏膜直接扩散;③多中心病灶;④肿瘤细胞脱落种植在输尿管或膀胱黏膜上，继续生长而成。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1950,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646138319,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646138317,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3918","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646109769,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"日常生活肾结石的主要原因","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　日常生活肾结石的主要原因是什么，不吃早餐会诱发肾结石吗？那么，接下来看看本文对肾结石病因的介绍，希望对大家有所帮助。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾结石是一种和人们的日常生活习惯息息相关的疾病，大多数肾结石的病因都是和饮食与生活习惯有关的。许多看似寻常的生活习惯恰恰就会成为肾结石的病因之一。所以我们必须在日常生活中养成良好的生活饮食习惯，尽可能的避免肾结石。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　不吃早餐的&ldquo;办公族&rdquo;不在少数，有的是因为早上赶着上班，来不及吃，有的是为了减肥，不愿意吃。这一看似寻常的生活习惯却是导致结石病的病因之一。有些&ldquo;办公族&rdquo;因为工作繁忙，应酬较多等原因，在外就餐的机会较多，吃大鱼大肉的频率较高，并容易暴饮暴食，吃得过于油腻，而这正是结石病的重要诱因。因为高脂肪、高蛋白食物会增高胆汁中的胆固醇含量，形成结石，动物内脏、肉类代谢也会产生尿酸，导致结石。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　吃得太油腻也是肾结石的病因之一，吃得太素同样容易长石头。专家提醒，虽然蔬菜富含维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维，但是，菠菜、芹菜、番茄、竹笋等蔬菜中同时还富含草酸，过量食用可能从尿中析出而形成结石，其与豆制品或者钙片中的钙结合后，也容易形成结石。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　不少&ldquo;办公族&rdquo;因为工作节奏快，喝水的时间相应较少，还有为数不少的人即使有时间喝水，量也不够大，而这正是诱发结石病的另一重要原因。专家表示，喝水少会减少人体尿液，并会使尿液过度浓缩，尿中盐类的浓度增高，沉淀增多，就容易形成肾结石或尿路结石。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":2022,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646109771,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646109769,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3642","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646079608,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"iga肾炎的具体病因有哪些呢","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left;\">　　iga肾炎的危害是相当严重的，此病在出现后将会给肾部的健康带来了极其严重的伤害，这种疾病的病因复杂，应当引起各位朋友的关注，我们要正确的去了解此病的发病因素才行，会有哪些原因引发iga肾炎的出现呢，一起往下看认识一下吧。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　由于本病病人皮肤和肝脏中都能检测到iga沉积，提示为系统性疾病。由于在肾小球系膜区和毛细血管均可有颗粒状iga和c3沉积，提示其免疫复合物性发病机理。现时的研究围绕着抗原通过粘膜的能力、粘膜屏障是否存在缺陷;iga结构是否有缺陷和免疫调节功能是否有缺陷等方面展开。早年的研究曾提示本病所沉积的iga可能是粘膜源性的。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　然而近年的研究使用了高度专一性的技术，证实本病所沉积的是iga1，主要是系统源性的，主要由骨髓和淋巴系统所产生;粘膜源性的iga2则主要见于肝源性肾小球硬化症中的iga沉积中。在本病病人循环中也可见到总iga1和含iga1的免疫复合物增高，骨髓中产生iga1的浆细胞增多并形成多聚体为主。在本病的肾组织中可发现存在j链，故提示沉积的iga是多聚体;而分泌块则十分罕见。尽管如此，现有资料尚不能最终确定本病的iga沉积物的来源。众多的抗原，包括多种病毒和多种食物的抗原可在本病病人的系膜区中被检出，并常常伴有iga1沉积。这些抗原的抗体也属iga1。由于这些抗体也可存在于正常人的循环中，上述抗原并无专一性或特征性。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　有证据提示本病存在免疫调节异常。本病的含iga1循环免疫复合物中，发现有多聚的iga1类风湿因子;抗&alpha;重链fab片断的igg抗体增多而igm抗体减少。有趣的是hiv感染者也存在类似的抗免疫球蛋白模式，却不发生肾脏iga沉积。这证明单单这些循环的自身抗体存在，并不是系膜iga沉积的原因。此外目前还发现了二种抗内皮细胞的自身抗体(属igg)。本病肾组织中常有c3沉积，提示激活了补体旁路途径。然而iga本身无激活补体的能力，iga免疫复合物虽可激活补体旁路途径，但它结合补体和c3b的能力很弱。通常认为在肾脏发生补体激活和形成膜攻击复合物，需有igg-iga复合物，但是本病肾组织中有iga和c3沉积而没有igg或igm沉积却很常见。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　因此，本病补体激活的机制尚不清楚。细胞免疫也参与了发病机制。已发现本病可有t辅助细胞(cd4)增加和t抑制细胞(cd8)减少;具有转换igm合成为iga合成的ta4细胞增加，与之有关的sa1等位基因的频度也增加;引起iga同型转换的tgf&beta;、促进产生iga的b淋巴细胞分化的il-5和介导iga产生的il-4形成均有增加。虽然t细胞和b细胞均参与了增加iga合成的过程，但iga合成增多并不是系膜区iga沉积的原因，因为在iga多发性骨髓瘤病人中罕见有组织iga沉积。因此，结构-免疫学/理化异常才可能是系膜iga沉积的原因。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　本病病人血清和系膜中可检出抗牛血清白蛋白多克隆基因型抗体，其滴度与血尿相关。最近，有人用从病人肾皮质和肾小球中获得的iga得到了5种单克隆抗基因抗体，它们与病人血清或浆细胞反应差，而与其肾脏组织有很高的反应率，提示肾脏的沉积是与这些多克隆iga抗体的异常性质有关。此外，在本病病人中发现有&beta;1，3-半乳糖转移酶缺陷，改变了iga1或含iga1的复合物清除率，导致iga1在系膜区沉积。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1748,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646079610,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646079608,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"3370","isDel":0,"createAt":1486646047291,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"肾衰竭患者有哪些危险症状","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　生活中很多人都知道，肾衰竭是一种比较严重的肾病，它会导致很多并发症的发生，而且在治疗上的难度也很大，那么到底肾衰竭会让患者出现哪些危险症状呢？下面我们就给大家介绍七种比较常见的症状，希望患者朋友能做好这些疾病的预防。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　一、肾衰竭会造成消化系统疾病</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　对于肾衰竭，一般会给患者造成口渴，厌食，恶心，呕吐，等症状，这就是严重的消化系统疾病的症状，重度肾衰竭患者出现鼻出血或消化道出血。所以对于患者来讲应该加强肾衰竭的护理工作。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　二、肾衰竭会造成心血管系统疾病</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　对于肾衰竭患者来讲，随着病情进展，血压都会不同程度的升高，最后发展成高血压。而长期高血压，会使患者体内的尿毒素的蓄积、水、电解质等发生紊乱，给患者带来严重的伤害。给患者造成了心血管系统的一些疾病，所以对于肾衰竭患者应该多加的注意。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　三、肾衰竭会造成造血系统疾病</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾衰竭患者多半都会贫血，这种主要是由于患者体内的肾脏造血功能的减弱，促红细胞生成素减少，从而出现了贫血。而这种贫血会造成患者体内尿毒症毒素的蓄积以及红细胞寿命的羧酸以及营养不良等因素有关。给患者带来严重的伤害。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　四、肾衰竭会造成神经系统疾病</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　对于早期的肾衰竭患者一般都会出现头痛、记忆力减退、注意力不集中、乏力等症状。晚期患者会出现嗜睡、神志模糊、肌肉颤动等症状。这些都是由于神经系统病变使所引发的，所以对于肾衰竭患者应该在神经方面多加的注意。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　五、肾衰竭会造成呼吸系统疾病</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾衰竭多伴有干咳，鼻腔异味的症状，这是影响到伴有肺水肿或心功能减退性衰竭时，呼吸更加困难，不能平卧，阵发性、痉挛性咳嗽，咳白色泡沫。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　六、肾衰竭会造成泌尿系统疾病</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　肾衰竭早、中期，出现大量泡沫样尿液，晚期夜尿增多，尿比重低，经常固定在1.010左右。此时，不但肾脏体积缩小，而且多数病人尿量开始由多逐渐减少以至于无尿。当然，尿量从增多到减少到无尿，需要一个过程，1-2年不等。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1456,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1486646047292,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1486646047291,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type0":[{"id":"4966","isDel":0,"createAt":1496981114219,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"77岁老汉绑妻求医  我又相信爱情,得如此夫，夫复何求！ ","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;<img title=\"77岁老汉绑妻求医  我又相信爱情,得如此夫，夫复何求！ \" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496981600471.jpg\" alt=\"77岁老汉绑妻求医  我又相信爱情,得如此夫，夫复何求！ \" width=\"422\" height=\"283\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">武汉</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">77</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">岁的刘登炎老伴吴奶奶在十多年前查出患有糖尿病，至</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">2010</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">年又被确诊了肾衰竭，随时都有生命危险。刘登炎老人需要从村里骑车到达镇上，再转乘两趟公交到汉阳医院做透析，整个路程至少需要两个小时。这样的求医路，每周三次，老人一坚持就是七年，不离不弃，风雨无阻，行程至少六万公里。在社会上引起了广泛关注。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"77岁老汉绑妻求医  我又相信爱情,得如此夫，夫复何求！ \" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496981651280.jpg\" alt=\"77岁老汉绑妻求医  我又相信爱情,得如此夫，夫复何求！ \" width=\"420\" height=\"278\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">刘登炎老人带着老伴求医，引起不少网友的关注：为何不在蔡甸区附近的医院治疗，而是要舍近求远呢？刘登炎老人解释说，从镇上到蔡甸区医院需要与人拼车，一个人要</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">5.5</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">元，两个人来回就得</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">22</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">元，如果坐公交去汉阳医院的话，虽然远了一点，但是两人都有老年证，车费可以省下来买午饭。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"77岁老汉绑妻求医  我又相信爱情,得如此夫，夫复何求！ \" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496981485294.jpg\" alt=\"77岁老汉绑妻求医  我又相信爱情,得如此夫，夫复何求！ \" width=\"420\" height=\"246\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">关于此事，且看网友是如何评论的：</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">情话百阙：嫁给了真正的爱情</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">怀浅：没有人知道家里有人得尿毒症的那种苦</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">请不要为了抢热门各种无关痛痒的评论</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">真正应该反省的关于高额透析费用报销问题</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">作者</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">TT</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">国产大熊猫：没有山盟海誓，他们用行动告诉了大家。什么是爱情。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">雅格生活家：无论生老病死，富贵贫穷，你都愿意和她永远在一起吗？是的，我愿意</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">华君</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">summer</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">：这就是爱！不离不弃，生死相依！希望老人家早日康复。中国好老伴</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">无论美丑贫富</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">真要过日子</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">必须找一个心心相印的人共度余生</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1792,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1496981114220,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1496981114220,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"4910","isDel":0,"createAt":1496559645506,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭 运动过度危害大","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　&ldquo;五一&rdquo;小长假前一天，</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">20</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">岁的金慈</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">点半下班后去健身房锻炼。她每天一两个小时的锻炼已持续一个多月，之前也会在家跳跳操、跑跑步。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭 运动过度危害大\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496560537881.jpg\" alt=\"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭 运动过度危害大\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　&ldquo;想到第二天放假，反正也没有事。&rdquo;于是，没有吃晚饭的金慈刚到健身房，没有热身，就直接上了动感单车，卖力地骑了一个多小时。之后，她跳了一会儿操，就在跑步机上跑了一个小时，另外加上有氧运动，直到晚上</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">10</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">点，锻炼了</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">4</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">小时，累得不行的她这才停下。&ldquo;健身房里人很多嘛，气氛也超级好，一下子就嗨了。&rdquo;恰好这天，金慈忘了带水杯，喝水不方便，挥汗如雨的她也没顾上喝水。<img title=\"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭 运动过度危害大\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496560055588.jpg\" alt=\"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭 运动过度危害大\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　第二天早晨起床，金慈浑身肌肉酸痛得厉害，觉得自己双腿有些肿，&ldquo;不像那种按下去有个坑的肿，而是肿胀处很硬。&rdquo;第三天，金慈开始恶心、呕吐、吃不下饭，喝了很多水，但小解的次数极少，尿液颜色也很深。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　金慈以为自己胃病犯了去了医院，医生做肾功能检查时发现，她的肌酐值已经飙升到</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">1100</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">个单位值，&ldquo;高于</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">700</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">多，就符合尿毒症的症状了。&rdquo;成都医学院第一附属医院肾病科医生臧丽解释说。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">　　大量补充液体，第一时间做了血液透析和血液滤过。幸运的是，金慈的急性肾衰竭症状得到了缓解，肝脏功能得以恢复。住院</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">3</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">周后，金慈肌酐值正常后出院。&ldquo;被堵塞的肾小管重新恢复需要</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">3</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">周时间。&rdquo;该院肾病科副主任医师汪力介绍，要是患者再拖下去，肾脏发生不可逆的损伤，即使脱离了生命危险，也极有可能转化成慢性肾衰竭</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭 运动过度危害大\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1496560327504.jpg\" alt=\"20岁女子锻炼4小时导致急性肾衰竭 运动过度危害大\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">关于过度运动有损健康这一问题，看看网友是如果评论的吧：</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">山人：我靠，运动过量会出人命吗，那我只走路了</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">风中浪子：还不如在床上锻炼，没生命危险，唉</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">......</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">久伴不离：去年</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">261</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">个下蹲遭过的飘过。后遗症严重，运动需慎重</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">绿洲：没带水杯就不喝水？不知道健身房买水喝？每个健身房都有卖水的吧！自作自受！</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1696","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1591,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1496559645507,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1496559645507,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"lyBar":{"id":"1870","isDel":0,"createAt":1474534048000,"createBy":"sys","createName":"sys","updateAt":0,"updateBy":"","updateName":"","userId":"system","name":"肾内科","type":100,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":"30fe16a480a111e6a97a00163e005165","provinceId":"","cityId":"","illId":null,"hospitalId":null,"keyWord":"","totleTopic":0,"barDesc":"","discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":null,"adInfo":null},"zlyBar":{"id":"1870","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":null,"type":0,"twoCode":null,"image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":null,"hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":null,"adInfo":null},"herfList":[],"forumUserFocusBar":{"id":null,"isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"barId":null,"barName":null,"barType":0,"webType":0,"userType":0},"days":0,"dataCache":{"ad":[{"name":"","content":"","url":"www.baidu.com","img":"http://www.01luntan.com/ly_img/book-yl.jpg"},{"name":"","content":"","url":"www.baidu.com","img":"http://www.01luntan.com/ly_img/book-yl.jpg"}],"row0_01":[{"name":"","content":"","url":"https://www.zhao01.com/news/bbs/30258","img":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1702281952092.jpg"}],"row0_02":[{"name":"状腺疾病的临床诊治","content":"","url":"www.baidu.com","img":"http://img0.imgtn.bdimg.com/it/u=3069164470,1397462178&fm=206&gp=0.jpg"},{"name":"惊人病例：Infliximab 药物液生命力的","content":"甲状腺疾病的临床诊治","url":"http://120.24.194.104/ly_img/001.jpg","img":""},{"name":"惊人病例：Infliximab 药物液生命力的","content":"甲状腺疾病的临床诊治","url":"www.baidu.com","img":""},{"name":"惊人病例：Infliximab 药物液生命力的","content":"甲状腺疾病的临床诊治","url":"www.baidu.com","img":""},{"name":"惊人病例：Infliximab 药物液生命力的","content":"甲状腺疾病的临床诊治","url":"www.baidu.com","img":""},{"name":"惊人病例：Infliximab 药物液生命力的","content":"甲状腺疾病的临床诊治","url":"www.baidu.com","img":""},{"name":"惊人病例：Infliximab 药物液生命力的","content":"甲状腺疾病的临床诊治","url":"www.baidu.com","img":""},{"name":"惊人病例：Infliximab 药物液生命力的","content":"甲状腺疾病的临床诊治","url":"www.baidu.com","img":""}]}}