{"type5":[],"type4":[{"id":"12581","isDel":0,"createAt":1519459177236,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家为您推荐主动脉瘤患者的饮食保健  ","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">专家称，主动脉瘤主要是指主动脉壁局部或弥漫性的不同扩张，积压周围器官而引起症状，瘤状破裂是最主要的危险。多以饮食调理对主动脉瘤病人的康复很重要，接下来找良医网就为大家介绍<strong>主动脉瘤患者的饮食</strong>保健。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1519459242953.jpg\" title=\"专家为您推荐主动脉瘤患者的饮食保健  \" alt=\"专家为您推荐主动脉瘤患者的饮食保健  \" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、多吃水果，少吃盐。水果，是指多汁且主要味觉为甜味和酸味，可食用的植物果实。水果不但含有丰富的营养，而且能够帮助消化。维生素的蔬菜、水果，也可适当吃点鱼，鱼是可以有助于松驰动脉或者稀释血液，多吃一点也是很好的。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、可以吃一些豆制品，不要吃一些高脂、高糖、高盐的饮食。豆制品是大豆经加工制成的，如豆腐、豆腐丝、豆腐干、豆浆、豆腐脑、腐竹、豆芽菜等。因大豆经过加工，不仅蛋白质含量不减，而且还提高了消化吸收率。同时，各种豆制品美味可口，促进食欲，豆芽菜中还含有丰富的维生素C</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、人要特别的平和，不要遇到不好的事就发脾气，越容易发脾气的人，就会越容易得心血管疾病，大家一定要保持良好的心态。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1209,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1519459177238,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1519459177238,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"12383","isDel":0,"createAt":1517994152207,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家为你介绍主动脉瘤患者的饮食保健","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">主动脉瘤是指主动脉壁局部或弥漫性的异常扩张，压迫周围器官而引起症状，瘤状破裂为其主要危险。常发生在升主动脉主动脉弓、胸部降主动脉、胸腹主动脉和腹主动脉。饮食调理对主动脉瘤患者的康复也是很重要的，下面介绍<strong>主动脉瘤患者的饮食</strong>保健。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1517994634623.jpg\" title=\"专家为你介绍主动脉瘤患者的饮食保健\" alt=\"专家为你介绍主动脉瘤患者的饮食保健\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">1、</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">多吃水果，少吃盐。比如富含维生素的蔬菜、蔬菜含有丰富的维生素，其中以维生素</span>C和维生素A最为重要，不过维生素C在烹煮时会大量流失，蔬菜颜色越深绿或深黄，含有的维生素A和维生素C就越多。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\">　　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、可以吃一些豆制品，大豆含蛋白质35%—40%，蛋白质中含有多种必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸，除蛋氨酸，胱氨酸等含硫氨酸小足外，其他氨基酸与动物氨基酸相似，总蛋白质含量高于肉类。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、人要特别的平和，放得下，看的开。不要动不动发脾气，如果越发脾气的人，就会越容易得心血管疾病，一定要拥有良好的心态。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1187,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1517994152209,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1517994152209,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"8412","isDel":0,"createAt":1511922786265,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"多吃水果或有助预防腹主动脉瘤","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511923473984.jpg\" title=\"多吃水果或有助预防腹主动脉瘤\" alt=\"多吃水果或有助预防腹主动脉瘤\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">经常吃水果对健康的诸多益处已被广泛证实，美国心脏病协会主办的《循环》杂志</span> 19 日刊登一项新研究说，多吃水果还有助于降低常见动脉扩张性疾病——腹主动脉瘤的风险。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">腹主动脉瘤是指腹主动脉呈瘤样扩张，多发于老年人群，在老年男性尤其是吸烟老年男性中最为常见。这种疾病病情凶险，瘤体一旦破裂很容易造成猝死。超声检查可及早发现病情，并使绝大多数患者得到有效治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">为弄清楚吃水果蔬菜与腹主动脉瘤发病风险之间的关系，瑞典卡罗琳医学院研究人员根据每天对水果蔬菜的消耗量，将</span> 46 岁至 84 岁年龄段的 8 万多人分为4组。在平均 13 年的跟踪研究中，这些研究对象中近 1100 人罹患腹主动脉瘤，其中 222 人腹主动脉瘤破裂。腹主动脉瘤患者与瘤体破裂患者 80% 为男性。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">研究人员发现，与只吃很少量水果的人相比，每天吃两份以上水果的人罹患腹主动脉瘤的风险降低</span> 25%，瘤体破裂风险降低 43%。与从不吃水果的人相比，每天吃两份水果的人罹患腹主动脉瘤的风险降低 31%，瘤体破裂风险降低 39%。在这项研究中，人们吃得最多的水果是苹果和梨，其他包括香蕉、橙子等。研究人员推测，水果中高含量的抗氧化剂可以保护腹主动脉不发生扩张。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">蔬菜也含有丰富的抗氧化剂，但这项研究并没发现吃蔬菜与降低腹主动脉瘤风险之间的关联。研究报告第一作者奥托</span>·斯塔克尔贝里认为，蔬菜或许缺少一些只存在于水果中的抗氧化剂。但他指出，吃蔬菜对健康同样重要，可帮助预防心血管疾病、糖尿病、高血压和数种癌症。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">研究人员还强调，不吸烟同样是预防腹主动脉瘤的关键因素。斯塔克尔贝里说：</span>“绝不要吸烟。如果已经成为烟民，请从现在开始戒，戒烟从来都不晚。”</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1028,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1511922786269,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1511922786269,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"6406","isDel":0,"createAt":1509072299701,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1523609875763,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家解答  主动脉瘤饮食注意事项","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"></span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网向您详细介绍</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤饮食保健</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">，主动脉瘤的食疗方。得了主动脉瘤吃什么好，同时又不能吃什么呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1509072662045.jpg\" title=\"专家解答  主动脉瘤饮食注意事项\" alt=\"专家解答  主动脉瘤饮食注意事项\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/><br/><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><font face=\"宋体\">&nbsp;</font></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">饮食适宜：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、宜吃维生素B含量高的食物；</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、宜吃纤维素含量高的食物；</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、宜吃胶原蛋白含量高的食物。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">发菜：含有丰富的维生素</span>B元素，可增加末梢神经功能，缩小主动脉瘤的体积。100g爆炒食用。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">鲫鱼：含有丰富的蛋白质，其中鱼皮含有丰富的胶原蛋白，可促进动脉瘤的修复。</span>250g清煮，可放入少许姜片。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">团鱼：含有丰富的优质蛋白具有增加免疫力的作用。可缓解本病容易合并炎症的风险。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">饮食禁忌：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、忌吃寒凉性的饮食；</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、忌吃含有雄激素性的饮食。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">鸡睾丸：含有雄激素成分，可增加心血管的功能。可增加诱导动脉瘤破裂的风险。换吃鸡肉。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">螃蟹：性味寒凉，不适合本病的恢复，特别是不适宜手术后的恢复。可添加黑醋一起同吃。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤饮食原则</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、主动脉瘤食疗法</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1)肿瘤手术或放、化疗后或晚期肿瘤患者食欲下降，倦怠乏力，食后腹胀等气虚证为主者。可选用：党参、白术各30克(纱布另包)，茯苓、怀山药、去心莲子、苡仁米各50克，红枣15枚，糯米100克，白糖适量。制法：诸药加水约1000ml，煮沸后文火煮30分钟，去布包党参、白术，加糯米、白糖、适量水煲粥。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2)放化疗后或晚期肿瘤贫血、白细胞下降阳虚患者，表现为体弱气虚，畏寒肢冷，四肢无力，精神不振，面白舌淡等。可选用龟肉500克，西洋参10克，鹿茸3克，苡米50克。制法：将龟肉洗净、切块，诸药纱布包同放入锅中，加生姜5片、清水适量共煮，水开后去浮沫，加黄酒、食用油适量等，文火煮至肉熟，调入食盐等调料。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3)手术、放化疗后贫血或、白细胞下降气血两虚者，表现为面色苍白，咽干口燥，动则气喘，心悸失眠等。可选用：母鸡1000克，当归、白芍、熟地、川芎、白术、甘草各10克，党参、茯苓各15克，生姜5片。制法：将鸡肉洗净，切块，放砂锅中，加生姜，诸药(沙布包)及清水适量，急火煮沸后，文火炖至鸡肉烂熟，去药包，调入食盐等调料。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、主动脉瘤吃哪些食物对身体好？</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">饮食清淡富于营养，多吃抗癌性食物，常见的抗癌食物有十字花科蔬菜</span>(如卷心菜和菜花等)及萝卜、大蒜、酸梅、黄豆、牛肉、蘑菇、芦笋、薏苡仁等。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><font face=\"宋体\"></font><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1562,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1509072299703,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1509072299703,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"5931","isDel":0,"createAt":1508125755330,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1521881262950,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"主动脉瘤的护理","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:center;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">一、术前护理</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1 、急救护理：持续心电监护，严密监测生命体征变化，特别是血压及心率的变化，建立中心静脉通路，以便药物输入和中心静脉压的监测，密切观察病人的神志、尿量及四肢血运情况，判断有无组织、器官灌注不良。同时还要密切观察病人有无口渴、手足湿冷、皮肤黏膜苍白、心悸、头晕等低血容量休克表现，积极配合医生做好抗休克和复苏等急救工作。</span></p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1508125884683.jpg\" title=\"主动脉瘤的护理\" alt=\"主动脉瘤的护理\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、 绝对卧床休息，避免床上用力翻身等剧烈运动 ，防止腹主动脉瘤破裂，忌热敷，以免代谢加快，掩盖病情。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、 心理护理：腹主动脉瘤破裂时突发腹部剧痛，病人极度恐惧，护理人员应关心体贴病人，解除或消除病人各种消极的心理负担，避免精神紧张致血压升高。环境要安静舒适。向病人讲解疾病的有关知识，说明术前相关检查、治疗、护理目的及必要性，手术治疗的重要性、手术过程以及术后的注意事项，做好病人家属的思想工作，使他们对病人更关心、更体贴，以增强病人战胜疾病的信心，提高手术的成功率，配合做好各项术前准备。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">二、</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">术后护理</span></span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、 严密观察生命体征的变化：患者在全麻下手术治疗，按全麻术后病人的护理。该手术创伤大，出血多，因术中钳夹主动脉时，外周阻力增加致使心脏负担加重，且有的病人年龄大，合并有心、肺、肾等器官的疾病，对手术耐受力低，因此，使用心电监护，严密监测生命体征变化，每小时记录一次，注意倾听患者主诉。术后血压过高易造成吻合口出血，甚至形成假性动脉瘤。血压过低又使心输出量减少，影响心、脑、肾等重要器官灌注。因此，血压维持在适当范围是关键。控制血压常用药是硝普钠和硝苯地平片，硝普钠是一种强效快速的血管扩张剂，应使用微量泵输入，从小剂量开始，严防血压骤降。症状轻者口服硝苯地平片10mg每日三次，将血压控制在正常水平即可。同时，严密观察病人的意识状态，警惕脑血管意外情况发生。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、呼吸道的管理病人术后常规气管插管用人工呼吸机辅助呼吸，应做好气管内湿化和雾化，保持呼吸道通畅，患者清醒后，根据血气分析的指标结合病人病情，应尽早发除气管插管停止机械通气，给予双鼻导管或面罩吸氧，指导患者有效咳嗽，必要时行胸部物理治疗，防止肺部感染和肺不张等并发症的发生。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、 肢体血运观察：腹主动脉瘤常伴有附壁血栓，术中可能导致血栓脱落，引起下肢肢体坏死，术后严密监测肢体有无缺血性剧痛，观察患肢皮肤的颜色、温度、感觉及足背、胫后动脉搏动的强弱，警惕血栓形成或动脉栓塞的发生。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、 出血观察：观察有无切口渗血或出血，观察引流管引流液的颜色、性质及量，并记录好。如果有凝血功能异常者因观察有无皮下瘀斑，局部切口内血肿，定时监测凝血功能。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">5、 药物护理：遵医嘱使用抗凝剂，其目的是降低机体的凝血过程使高凝状态得到控制，预防血栓发生，使已形成的血栓不继续发展，常用药物为肝素、华法林等。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">6、 并发症的观察及护理</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1）下肢动脉缺血：是术后常见并发症，密切观察患肢血运，如患者患肢出现剧烈疼痛、麻木、苍白、皮温降低、动脉搏动减弱或消失，要及时报告医生处理。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2）切口感染：由于手术操作时间长，出血较多，抵抗力下降，易引起切口感染，患者表现为切口周围红肿，敷料渗血、全身发热等症状。正确使用抗生素，保持病房环境整洁，外敷料干燥。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3）急性肾功能衰竭：常于术后48h内发生，是最常见的并发症之一，与腹主动脉瘤压迫肾功能及术中阻断肾动脉引起肾脏缺血有关。因此，及时补充血容量，维持液体和电解质平衡，积极治疗酸中毒，维持正常的肾功能。密切观察每小时尿量、颜色的变化，维持尿量在30ml/h以上。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">三、</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">健康指导</span></span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、心理指导：保持情绪稳定，避免精神紧张，防止便秘。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、行为指导：告知病人适当休息，避免劳累。养成良好工作、休息及饮食习惯，教会病人自我检查，如发现腹部有搏动性肿块就诊。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、复查指导：出院后一到两个月到医院复查。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"3","topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1246,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1508125755332,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1508125755332,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type3":[{"id":"9740","isDel":0,"createAt":1514000031975,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":1514000324622,"updateBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"海绵宝宝","userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"主动脉夹层瘤要如何护理","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%;\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1514000310514.jpg\" title=\"主动脉夹层瘤要如何护理\" alt=\"主动脉夹层瘤要如何护理\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%;\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">主动脉夹层瘤要如何护理</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">焦虑、恐惧</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">与患者对疾病知识缺乏了解、疾病治疗复杂、患者无明显诱因突然发病且症状较重等有关，特别是当了解到</span></span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">主动脉夹层瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">病情危重、危险性较大后，患者会极为恐惧。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">疼痛</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">由动脉缺血所致，护士根据疼痛的位置，结合辅助检查，判断主动脉夹层的位置，遵医嘱给予止痛药物。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">有血管破裂出血的危险</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">与原发病及血压控制不佳有关。发病后，多数患者血压较高，给予降血压药物，每半小时测血压</span>1次，根据血压调整药物的速度，使收缩压维持在100～120mmHg，平均压维持在60～75mmHg。嘱患者绝对卧床休息，避免情绪激动，保持大便通畅。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">缺氧与血液涡流、血管真腔狭窄有关。入院后即给予持续低流量吸氧。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">有血栓形成</span>/栓塞的危险 与血管内膜受损，血液湍流有关。应注意观察下肢动脉搏动，血运情况，腹部症状、体征等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1070,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1514000031977,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1514000031977,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"8414","isDel":0,"createAt":1511923551479,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"大学生摔跤致心脏瘤破裂 ","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511924376092.jpg\" title=\"大学生摔跤致心脏瘤破裂 \" alt=\"大学生摔跤致心脏瘤破裂 \" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">一个体育学院的摔跤专业的大学生，却因为一次训练突发心脏疾病，这个报道在网络上受到关注，体育学员的学生在体质和健康方面应该是优于常人的，为什么参加训练后会出现这样的情况？我们还是来看一下事情的究竟。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">这是一位刚入学的大一的学生，年仅</span>17岁，身体一直都很强壮，可是3天前他照例完成指定的训练，并且成功的将对手摔倒在地，还来不及高兴，只见他突然跪倒在地，手捂住胸口大叫一声，同学们感到不妙才将他迅速送往附近的医院进行救治，经过检查医生确诊他的心脏里长了瘤，现在瘤已经破裂，如果不及时抢救会有生命危险，目前已经做了微创手术，还在康复阶段。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">好端端的怎么心脏会长瘤呢？其实这是主动脉窦瘤，并不是真正意义上的肿瘤，而是由于患者大血管发育不良，在血流的不断冲击下逐渐膨出而形成瘤体。这种瘤体非常脆弱，在剧烈运动时，瘤体容易被冲破，如果不及时抢救就会危及生命，这位大学生好在是抢救及时才抱住生命。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">那主动脉窦瘤究竟是什么东西？是怎样形成的？又该怎样预防呢？为了避免更多的人出现这样的危及状况，我们一起来了解一下。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">其实主动脉窦瘤是一种罕见的先天畸形，患这种疾病的男性的比例高于女性，也算是先天性心脏病的一种，在其发展过程中瘤体突入心脏内，逐渐增大，而其瘤壁逐渐变薄而发生破裂。可破入右心房、右心室、肺动脉、左心室或心包腔，后者可迅速引起死亡。是一种非常凶险的心脏疾病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">既然是先天性一定跟怀孕有关，孕妇在怀孕过程中如果感染了病毒或者服用一些药物，都可能会导致婴儿在心脏发育的过程中出现问题，也就是先天性心脏病，主动脉窦瘤只是先天性心脏病其中少见的一种，常见的先天性心脏病还有法鲁氏四联证等，主要可分为紫钳型心脏病和非紫绪型心脏病。紫绀型心脏病很容易早期发现，但是非紫绀型疾病很难发现，往往是容易出现突发情况，像本文的这位大学生就是非紫绀型，所以，表面上看好像身体没有什么问题，其实潜在的危险却一直存在着。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">这种疾病一旦存在最好是早发现早治疗，没有更好的预防措施，先天性心脏病有一定的遗传因素，但是更多的是由于妊娠中的保健没有做好，因此，在此提醒准备怀孕的女性们要对生命负责任，只有让自己的身体在任何时候都处于健康的状态，才能孕育一个健康的宝宝。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1088,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1511923551484,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1511923551484,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"8408","isDel":0,"createAt":1511922336211,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"高血压会合并主动脉瘤吗","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511922876296.jpg\" title=\"高血压会合并主动脉瘤吗\" alt=\"高血压会合并主动脉瘤吗\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">主动脉瘤主要临床症状有二，一是压迫症状，即扩大的动脉瘤压迫周围器官。如压迫气管可引起咳嗽和呼吸困难，压迫食管可引起吞咽困难，压迫喉返神经可</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">引起声音嘶哑，压迫上腔静脉可引起面、颈、肩部静脉怒张或水肿。二是疼痛，上海远大心胸医院专家指出，平时可有或轻或重的胸腹痛，或出现全胸剧痛。多数患者突感撕心裂肺样的胸、背剧</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">痛，并可延及腹部、下肢、上肢及颈部，起病后很快达高峰，用止痛药也不易缓解。患者虽因剧痛而有休克外貌，焦虑不安、大汗淋漓、心率加快，但多数患者血压</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">不低或增高。作者郑重提醒：</span>35岁以上的人，遇有剧烈胸背痛，一定要赶紧上较大医院检查，千万不能耽误：一定不能忍、顶、拖。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">诊断最主要的是及时做</span>B超、CT、MRI和EBT。在基层医院，虽然没有处理此病的条件，但医生应该具备初步鉴别的知识，35岁特别是50岁以上突发剧烈胸痛，一定要想到此病，及时上送，千万不能因为无知而耽误病人。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">一旦确诊或高度怀疑有大动脉瘤，在无手术条件的医院首先保守治疗。主要有三项措施：（</span>1）立即采取降压措施，维持收缩压在100～110毫米汞柱， 以减少瘤内张力，防止破裂出血。一定要减少血压波动，这比控制血压绝对值更重要。（2）用镇痛镇静药，保持患者情绪稳定。（3）保持大便通畅，防止引起排 便困难而升高血压。在保守治疗时要定期用影象手段观察，如发现动脉瘤迅速增大，有破裂趋势，或有重要脏器供血不足，应紧急造影，及时手术。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1118,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1511922336213,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1511922336213,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"5927","isDel":0,"createAt":1508124671969,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1521880846081,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"动脉瘤交流--入院前后护理","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><br/></span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"></span></span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">动脉瘤是动脉局限性扩张超过其正常动脉直径＞</span>50%。正常腹主动脉直径为2.0cm。腹主动脉的直径≥3.0cm才能定为腹主动脉瘤。腹主动脉瘤一旦破裂将会危及生命。因此，</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">腹主动脉瘤围手术期的护理</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">至关重要。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"></span></span><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1508124677523.jpg\" title=\"动脉瘤交流--入院前后护理\" alt=\"动脉瘤交流--入院前后护理\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">术前护理</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">心理护理：腹主动脉瘤患者症状重，是外科高危患者，危险性大，一入院就下病危通知，剧烈腹痛，情绪非常不稳，易产生紧张，恐惧心理，影响手术进行。无论护士或者家人应沉稳熟练给予必要的处置，积极与患者沟通，耐心做好思想工作，关心体贴患者，取得患者的配合，减轻其恐惧心理，为手术创造有利条件。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">血压的控制：患者入院后，给予心理护理及止痛的同时，遵医嘱给予微量泵持续泵入硝普钠药物，泵入的量随血压调节，血压控制在</span>110/70mmHg左右，一定要把血压控制平稳，不能忽高忽低，因此，微量泵泵入的量也要缓慢逐渐调节。控制好血压是预防动脉瘤破裂的关键。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">疼痛的控制：患者入院后我们就立即给予止痛，除心理安慰外，给予盐酸哌替啶或盐酸布桂嗪针，吗啡肌肉注射，有效的止痛也是为手术创造有利条件。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">常规护理：患者一旦确诊，就嘱患者严格卧床休息，给予心电监护，严密观察血压、呼吸、血氧饱和度。认真准确执行医嘱，制定护理计划，做好各项基础护理，使患者舒适，保持大便通畅，排便用力可造成腹压升高，便秘时给予开塞露肛门挤入，腹压增高也是使瘤体破裂的重要因素。给予高营养，高维生素，高纤维素流质或半流质饮食，改善营养状况，提高手术的耐受力。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">常规术前准备：采集各个标本做检验；做各项常规检查，如胸片、心电图等；术前禁食水</span>6小时，快速肠道准备，给予灌肠；腹部及会阴部备皮；术前30分钟用抗生素1次。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">术后护理</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">严密观察生命体征：血压控制在</span>110/70mmHg左右，继续微量泵泵入硝普钠，不能使血压波动太大，血压过高可引起人工血管移位，发生内漏，太低血流缓慢可造成血栓形成。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">严密观察切口及穿刺处渗血情况：穿刺处加压包扎，砂袋压迫，下肢制动</span>24小时，避免下肢弯曲。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">控制疼痛：患者疼痛是对症处理，给予心理安慰，减轻疼痛。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">控制感染：术后</span>6小时给予高营养易消化流质饮食，增强机体的抵抗力，遵医嘱给予抗生素应用。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">基础护理：做好各项常规护理，保持室内安静、整洁，床单保持干净舒适，做好口腔护理，会阴护理，皮肤护理。合理饮食，保持大便通畅。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\">　　</p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">出院指导</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">出院前进行必要的卫生知识和有关腹主动脉瘤知识的宣教，使患者消除对本病的恐惧心理，指导患者低脂低糖饮食，保持大便通畅。天气炎热出汗过多或腹泻水分丢失过多时，嘱患者要多饮水，降低血液黏稠度，预防术后血栓形成。注意控制血压，要定时测血压，按时口服降压药。戒烟戒酒，保持血管内膜，避免术后移植物移位，嘱患者定期随访复查。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1128,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1508124671971,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1508124671971,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type2":[{"id":"12382","isDel":0,"createAt":1517993778075,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家为你介绍老年主动脉瘤的症状是什么","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">老年人是好发主动脉瘤的人群，希望大家都要认真看待，而且还要正确了解老年主动脉瘤的症状基础上得到积极的确诊和治疗，下面就来和找良医网一起了解疾病有关症状、病因等问题，看看<strong>老年主动脉瘤</strong>的症状包括哪些。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1517994229058.jpg\" title=\"专家为你介绍老年主动脉瘤的症状是什么\" alt=\"专家为你介绍老年主动脉瘤的症状是什么\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">一、压迫症状，主动脉弓动脉瘤是会刺激、压迫气管或阻塞支气管导致咳嗽和呼吸困难，压迫上腔静脉可出现上腔静脉阻塞综合征的特征，压迫喉返神经出现声音嘶哑或失音。降主动脉瘤是可压迫食管出现吞咽困难。腹主动脉瘤压迫幽门或十二指肠可产生恶心呕吐，肠系膜动脉受压也可出现麻痹性肠梗阻症状，若压迫脊髓可表现出不同节段脊髓受压征象。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">二、腹部肿物，腹部搏动性肿物是腹主动脉瘤最显著的体征，多见于中上腹或脐部，触诊有扩张搏动的特征，而且在瘤体部位有时也可听到血管性杂音或伴有震颤，则诊断常可确立，但是也需要与正常主动脉的搏动相辨别，特别在体形较瘦的女性患者需特别注意。如腹部肿物出现明显压痛，提示瘤体接近破裂。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">三、疼痛也是主动脉瘤患者最显著症状，疼痛性质较多的是胀痛和跳动，可能系动脉壁内神经受扩张性牵拉或动脉瘤压迫周围阻止所导致。胸主动脉瘤引发的疼痛多位于胸骨后或背部，比如压迫的侵蚀胸骨、肋骨或脊椎及神经时疼痛可加重。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">四、心功能不全，常见于升主动脉根部动脉瘤，而且常伴随主动脉瓣关闭不全及反流，而且逐渐出现左心室扩大心功能不是全面的表现，主动脉瓣听诊区可闻舒张期及收缩期杂音。一旦出现心力衰竭后心脏功能可极度恶化。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">五、出现破裂，瘤体破裂见于</span>30％～50％的病患，是可以为初发的致命性症状。胸主动脉瘤破裂时病人可突发胸部疼痛加重，是为剧烈撕裂样痛，不能被止痛剂缓解，破裂至气管、支气管可发生咯血，破裂的症状。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">对相关老年主动脉瘤的症状问题，也希望大家切勿忽视，这是帮助大家正确发现疾病，而且要诊断疾病的依据，所以，症状也是正确治疗的前提，当然，大家还一定要积极到正规医院治疗这种疾病。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1106,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1517993778077,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1517993778077,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"12140","isDel":0,"createAt":1517557512156,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家为您讲解主动脉瘤有哪些症状","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">基本都在动脉瘤逐渐增大时导致疼痛，性质为深部钻孔样，位置胸主动脉瘤多在上胸部或者背部，肩胛下向左肩、颈部、上肢放射。腹主动脉瘤则主诉下背部疼。或者疼痛的强度加强可能警示着即将破裂，压迫邻近组织如上腔静脉、肺动脉、气管、支气管、肺和左喉返神经、食管，<strong>主动脉瘤有哪些症状</strong>？专家称，可导致上腔静脉综合征、呼吸困难、咳嗽、喘鸣，甚至继发感染、咯血、声音嘶哑、吞咽困难、呕血等，主动脉瘤可侵袭椎体，压迫脊髓导致截瘫。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1517557741318.jpg\" title=\"专家为您讲解主动脉瘤有哪些症状\" alt=\"专家为您讲解主动脉瘤有哪些症状\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">主动脉弓动脉瘤可在胸骨上窝触碰异常搏动，胸主动脉或在腹部正中偏左触及一韧性包块，搏动明显，在瘤体部可闻及收缩期杂音，如弓部瘤影响主动脉根部，导致主动脉瓣关闭不全，听诊主动脉瓣区可闻及舒张期杂音。比如压迫上腔静脉可出现颜面、颈部及上肢水肿。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1202,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1517557512158,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1517557512158,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9739","isDel":0,"createAt":1513999474094,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"最新研究称爱因斯坦死于腹主动脉瘤 当时被误诊","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513999847788.jpg\" title=\"最新研究称爱因斯坦死于腹主动脉瘤 当时被误诊\" alt=\"最新研究称爱因斯坦死于腹主动脉瘤 当时被误诊\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">爱因斯坦是怎么死的？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">早期的诊断是急性胆囊炎，最近有了新说是因</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">腹主动脉瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">破裂导致的失血性休克而逝世。后面的结论是</span>“当时的医生将他的病误诊了”。上世纪50年代医生对</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">腹主动脉瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">的认识远不如现在，但它现在的杀伤力其实更大了。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">腹主动脉瘤</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">像个膨大的气球</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">“腹主动脉瘤就像一个膨大的气球，只不过里面是流动的高压血流。气球在血流冲击下越来越大，一旦破裂，就会大出血。</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">”腹主动脉瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">，其实并非真正意义上的肿瘤，而是血管内的一个大血囊。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">这个大血囊的形成主要是因为动脉硬化，动脉血管内膜或中层弹力纤维被损伤，局部血管壁会形成一个瘤样扩张。</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">腹主动脉瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">破裂时很凶险，直接威胁生命。据统计仅有约</span>50%的患者可以被治愈。”</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">腹主动脉瘤</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">易被误诊</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">腹主动脉瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">破裂时，腹部或腰骶部隐痛会逐渐加重，容易被误诊为急性胰腺炎、胆囊炎。当</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">腹主动脉瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">破裂到肾周，有剧烈腰痛，又存在镜下血尿或肉眼血尿时，有可能被误诊为肾结石、肾绞痛。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">尽快识破病因对症治疗是抢救关键。如果平时有大便干燥、持续性高血压、慢性咳嗽或哮喘等病史的高危人群，一旦突发腹部或腰骶部疼痛，应怀疑是否是腹主动脉瘤破裂，及时到有血管外科的综合医院就诊。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1204,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513999474096,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513999474096,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"6642","isDel":0,"createAt":1509514047208,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1523777702351,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家向您解答  主动脉瘤可能并发哪些疾病","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"></span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网向您详细介绍</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤有哪些并发病症</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">，主动脉瘤还会引起哪些疾病？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1509514156631.jpg\" title=\"专家向您解答  主动脉瘤可能并发哪些疾病\" alt=\"专家向您解答  主动脉瘤可能并发哪些疾病\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/><br/><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"></span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">主动脉瘤常见并发症：神经系统的放射性损伤</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">动脉瘤</span></span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤并发症</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">主动脉瘤引起血管内侧压增高，故呈进行性膨大，若长期发展，最后终归破裂，瘤体越大，破裂的可能性越大。栓塞为另一并发症。据统计，若不作手术治疗，</span>90%胸主动脉瘤在5年内死亡，3/4腹主动脉瘤在5年内死亡。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤主要的治疗方法是进行手术，而其手术的并发症主要有以下几种：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、大出血是手术最危险的并发症，</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">也是手术的主要死亡原因，因此选用进口人造血管或国产人造血管经白蛋白预凝，能有效防止人造血管的渗血。人造血管应尽量与主动脉口径匹配，避免吻合口漏。血管吻合采用连续缝合法</span>.</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、神经系统并发症</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">是动脉瘤手术的另一严重并发症，术中可采用低温保护神经系统。主动脉根部或累及弓部的手术应用低温体外循环，在需要停循环时可应用右锁骨下动脉插管，选择性脑灌注</span>;降主动脉手术可采用左心转流保护脊髓和肾脏，当病变范围较长，需要切除较长的主动脉，应将肋间血管吻合到人造血管上，应用肾上腺皮质激素保护神经细胞，加强围手术期管理，术前控制血压纠正心衰，术中注意血压的控制，尤其是在阻断开放前，应注意血压和循环容量，同时纠正酸中毒和电解质紊乱，防止开放后血压下降出现心脏骤停。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、大多数腹主动脉瘤位于肾动脉水平以下</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾动脉以下的腹主动脉阻断发生脊髓缺血或肾功能衰竭的可能性较少，但有可能发生双下肢供血障碍，因此腹主动脉阻断时间需尽量缩短。</span>2%～7%的腹主动脉瘤手术需在肾动脉水平以上、甚至腹腔动脉水平以上阻断。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、动脉瘤手术</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">暴露范围大、耗时长、手术创伤、低温和体外循环对机体免疫力有影响，故术后易发生感染，预防可能导致感染的各个环节，并注意合理使用抗生素，避免抗生素使用不当造成的二重感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1113,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1509514047214,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1509514047214,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"5926","isDel":0,"createAt":1508124080869,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1521880730164,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"如何发现主动脉瘤？它的相关症状是什么？","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:center;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">早期症状：早期无明显症状，可在主动脉弓<strong>动脉瘤</strong>可在胸骨上窝触及异常搏动，胸主动脉可在腹部正中偏左触及一韧性包块，搏动明显。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">晚期症状：一般都在动脉瘤逐渐增大时发生疼痛，性质为深部钻孔样，部位胸主动脉瘤多在上胸部或者背部，肩胛下向左肩、颈部、上肢放射。<strong>腹主动脉瘤</strong>则主诉下背部疼。如果疼痛的强度增加可能预示着即将破裂。</span></p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1508124547316.jpg\" title=\"如何发现主动脉瘤？它的相关症状是什么？\" alt=\"如何发现主动脉瘤？它的相关症状是什么？\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">一、症状发现</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、胸主动脉瘤的发现除了根据症状和体征外，X线检查也有帮助，在后前位及侧位片上可以发现主动脉影扩大，从阴影可以估计病变的大小、位置和形态，在透视下可以见到动脉瘤的膨胀性搏动，但在动脉瘤中有血栓形成时搏动可以不明显。主动脉瘤须与附着于主动脉上的实质性肿块区别，后者引起传导性搏动，主动脉造影可以作出鉴别。超声心动图检查可以发现升主动脉的主动脉瘤，病变处主动脉扩大。X线计算机断层扫描（CT）对诊断也有用。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;2、腹主动脉瘤常在腹部扪及搏动性肿块后发现，但腹部扪及动脉搏动不一定是动脉瘤，消瘦、脊柱前凸者正常腹主主动脉常易被扪及。腹部听到收缩期血管杂音，可能由于肾、脾、肠系膜等动脉的轻度狭窄，也未必来自主动脉瘤，须加注意。超声检查对明确诊断极为重要，当前不少病例是在常规超声体检中发现，故此症的诊断检出率比过去大为提高。检查见主动脉内径增宽，动脉前后壁间液性平段宽度增加，如有血栓形成则增宽的平段不明显，但动脉瘤的前后壁与心搏同步的搏动均存在，动脉的外径仍增大，超声检查可以明确病变的大小，精确度达2～3mm，其范围及形态以及腔内血栓。X线计算机断层扫描同样有用，尤其对腔内血栓及壁的钙化更易发现。并能显示动脉瘤与邻近结构如肾动脉、腹膜后腔和脊柱等的关系。MRI检查在判断瘤体大小及其与肾动脉和髂动脉的关系上价值等同于CT及腹部超声。MRI的主要不足是图象分析费时费用高。主动脉造影对定位诊断也有帮助，但腔内血栓可能影响其病变程度的评估，但对于诊断不明确者、合并有肾动脉病变的高血压患者动脉瘤范围不清楚时、疑有阻塞或瘤样病变的患者及准备手术治疗者仍主张作主动脉造影。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1508124179110.jpg\" title=\"如何发现主动脉瘤？它的相关症状是什么？\" alt=\"如何发现主动脉瘤？它的相关症状是什么？\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、按结构主动脉瘤可分为：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">①真性主动脉瘤：动脉瘤的囊由动脉壁的一层或多层构成；</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">②假性主动脉瘤：由于外伤、感染等原因，血液从动脉内溢出至动脉周围的组织内，血块及其机化物、纤维组织与动脉壁一起构成动脉瘤的壁。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">③夹层动脉瘤。动脉内膜或中层撕裂后，血流冲击使中层逐渐成夹层分离，在分离腔中积血、膨出，也可与动脉腔构成双腔结构。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、按形态主动脉瘤可分为：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">①囊性动脉瘤：瘤体涉及动脉周界的一部分，呈囊状，可有颈，成不对称外凸。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">②梭形动脉瘤：瘤体涉及整个动脉周界。外伤性动脉瘤常呈囊状，粥样硬化常呈梭状。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">5、按发生部位，主动脉瘤可分为：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">①升主动脉瘤，常涉及主动脉瘤；</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">②主动脉弓动脉瘤；</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">③降主动脉瘤或胸主动脉瘤，起点在左锁骨下动脉的远端；</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">④腹主动脉瘤，常在肾动脉的远端。涉及主动脉窦的近端升主动脉瘤常为先天性，其次为马凡综合征、梅毒与感染；升主动脉瘤主要由粥样硬化、囊性中层坏死、梅毒引起；降主动脉瘤、腹主动脉瘤以粥样硬化为主要原因。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"></span><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1508124848714.jpg\" title=\"如何发现主动脉瘤？它的相关症状是什么？\" alt=\"如何发现主动脉瘤？它的相关症状是什么？\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">二、主动脉瘤大多为单个，极少数为二个或多个。随病程发展，主动脉瘤可以发生：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">①破裂：动脉瘤薄弱的瘤壁受血流不断冲击而逐渐膨大，最后穿破而引起出血。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">②附壁血栓形成：瘤体膨大处血流缓慢，形成涡流，如以瘤壁内面粗糙，易有血栓形成，血栓脱落可致栓塞。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">③继发感染：继发感染使瘤壁更为薄弱，容易破裂。有时动脉瘤反复向周围小量出血，在瘤的周围积累多量纤维组织，形成包囊，如此则可能起保护作用以不致破溃。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1481,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1508124080871,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1508124080871,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:心脏主动脉瘤的症状_主动脉瘤治疗方法_动脉瘤如何治疗_主动脉瘤病友的治疗经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"心脏主动脉瘤的症状_主动脉瘤治疗方法_动脉瘤如何治疗","title":"心脏主动脉瘤的症状_主动脉瘤治疗方法_动脉瘤如何治疗","channels":{"病友社区":{"description":"为您提供:主动脉瘤论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"主动脉瘤论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛","title":"主动脉瘤论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛","channels":null},"治疗":{"description":"为您提供:主动脉瘤怎么治疗_手术主动脉瘤治疗_主动脉瘤的治疗相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"主动脉瘤怎么治疗_手术主动脉瘤治疗_主动脉瘤的治疗","title":"主动脉瘤怎么治疗_手术主动脉瘤治疗_主动脉瘤的治疗","channels":null},"症状":{"description":"为您提供:主动脉瘤症状_主动脉瘤表现_主动脉瘤症状怎么治疗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"主动脉瘤症状_主动脉瘤表现_主动脉瘤症状怎么治疗","title":"主动脉瘤症状_主动脉瘤表现_主动脉瘤症状怎么治疗","channels":null},"并发症":{"description":"为您提供:心脏主动脉瘤手术风险_主动脉瘤的危害_主动脉瘤的后遗症等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"心脏主动脉瘤手术风险_主动脉瘤的危害_主动脉瘤的后遗症","title":"心脏主动脉瘤手术风险_主动脉瘤的危害_主动脉瘤的后遗症","channels":null},"饮食":{"description":"为您提供:主动脉瘤饮食禁忌_主动脉瘤吃什么好_主动脉瘤不能吃什么等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"主动脉瘤饮食禁忌_主动脉瘤吃什么好_主动脉瘤不能吃什么","title":"主动脉瘤饮食禁忌_主动脉瘤吃什么好_主动脉瘤不能吃什么","channels":null},"病因":{"description":"为您提供:主动脉瘤怎么回事_主动脉瘤怎么引起的_为什么得主动脉瘤等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"主动脉瘤怎么回事_主动脉瘤怎么引起的_为什么得主动脉瘤","title":"主动脉瘤怎么回事_主动脉瘤怎么引起的_为什么得主动脉瘤","channels":null},"病友求助":{"description":"为您提供:主动脉瘤严重吗_主动脉瘤治愈率_主动脉瘤能手术吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"主动脉瘤严重吗_主动脉瘤治愈率_主动脉瘤能手术吗","title":"主动脉瘤严重吗_主动脉瘤治愈率_主动脉瘤能手术吗","channels":null},"预防":{"description":"为您提供:如何预防主动脉瘤_主动脉瘤的注意事项等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"如何预防主动脉瘤_主动脉瘤的注意事项","title":"如何预防主动脉瘤_主动脉瘤的注意事项","channels":null}}},"focus":0,"type1":[{"id":"12380","isDel":0,"createAt":1517993247221,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"主动脉瘤的治疗方法   这里有专家的观点","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">其实主动脉瘤就是和我们现在日常生活主动脉密切相关的一种疾病，我们知道主动脉在人体生命中是非常重要的，所以主动脉瘤患者也是很担心自己的疾病治不好，所以让主动脉瘤患者放心的生活，接下来就让找良医网为您详细的介绍一下<strong>主动脉瘤的治疗</strong>方法。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1517993296481.jpg\" title=\"主动脉瘤的治疗方法   这里有专家的观点\" alt=\"主动脉瘤的治疗方法   这里有专家的观点\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\">　　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">主动脉瘤是指主动脉壁局部或弥漫性的异常变大，压迫周围器官而引发的症状，瘤状破裂为其主要危险。多表现在升主动脉，主动脉弓、胸部降主动脉、胸腹主动脉和腹主动脉。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\">　　</p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">手术治疗，包括动脉瘤切除与人造或者同种血管移植术，而且对于动脉瘤不能切除者则可作动脉瘤包裹术。目前腹主动脉瘤的手术死亡率不超过</span>5％，但年龄较大，有心、脑、肾或其它内脏损害者，手术死亡有可能超过25％。胸主动脉瘤的手术死亡率在30％，以主动脉弓动脉瘤的手术危险性很大。动脉瘤破裂而不作手术者很少幸存，故已破裂或濒临破裂者均应立即作手术。凡有细菌性动脉瘤者，还是需要以长期抗生素治疗。对大小为6cm或以上或4cm以上的主动脉瘤均应作择期手术治疗。对4～6cm之间的主动脉瘤可以密切观察，有增大或濒临破裂征象者应立即手术。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">那么主动脉瘤的治疗方法大家应该了解差不多了，不管什么疾病的治疗方法都少不了手术治疗方法，所以朋友们在遇到疾病的时候也是可以去考虑一下疾病的手术治疗方法，不过在这里还是要提醒大家，任何的疾病在治疗过程中都可能遇到问题，只要大家坚持下去疾病是能被治愈的。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1099,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1517993247223,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1517993247223,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"12376","isDel":0,"createAt":1517991638451,"createBy":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"梅油油","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8b39c578b53311e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家为您讲解主动脉瘤怎样治","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">主动脉病理性的张大，并超过正常血管直径的</span>50%，叫作主动脉瘤。主动脉瘤分为真性主动脉瘤和假性主动脉瘤。真性动脉瘤是血管变宽涉及血管壁的3层结构。假性动脉瘤是动脉局部破裂，由血块或临近组织封住而形成主动脉瘤。那么<strong>主动脉瘤怎样治</strong>？</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;<img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1517992515209.jpg\" title=\"专家为您讲解主动脉瘤怎样治\" alt=\"专家为您讲解主动脉瘤怎样治\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1.内科治病</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">首先要控制高血压，治疗伴随疾病如糖尿病、高脂血症冠心病及心功能不全等。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2.外科治疗</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">如果已经发生破裂的主动脉瘤，一定要尽快行外科治疗。对未破裂的主动脉瘤，如出现腹痛、腰背痛等症状，如果具有手术干预的指征。对未破裂且无症状的主动脉瘤，如直径增大至一定程度或增长速率很快快，破裂风险加大，则亦具有外科干预的指征。如在腹主动脉瘤，一般直径大于</span>4.5cm，或半年增长大于5mm，即具有外科治疗的指征，目前外科治疗方法主要有两大类：</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>1）开放手术，即开腹或者开胸，行动脉瘤切除、人工血管置管，是较为传统的治疗方法。手术创伤很大、风险也很高，对患者的身体条件相应也是另有要求的。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">（</span>2）腔内修复术，经动脉穿刺或者小切口，在主动脉内植入覆膜支架，隔绝瘤腔并原位重建血流通路。因为不用开胸、开腹，具有创伤小、恢复快的优点。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1263,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1517991638452,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1517991638452,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"6643","isDel":0,"createAt":1509514253871,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1523777814987,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家向您推荐  主动脉瘤怎样治疗","content":"<p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网向您详细介绍</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤的治疗方法</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">，治疗主动脉瘤常用的西医疗法和中医疗法。主动脉瘤应该吃什么药。</span></p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1509515120978.jpg\" title=\"专家向您推荐  主动脉瘤怎样治疗\" alt=\"专家向您推荐  主动脉瘤怎样治疗\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">就诊科室：</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肿瘤科</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">心血管内科</span></span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">治疗费用：</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">不同医院收费标准不一致，市三甲医院约（</span>10000 —— 30000元）</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">治愈率：</span>10%</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">治疗周期：</span>10-30天</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">治疗方法：</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">手术、药物治疗</span></span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤西医治疗</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">手术治疗，包括动脉瘤切除与人造或同种血管移植术，对于动脉瘤不能切除者则可作动脉瘤包裹术。目前腹主动脉瘤的手术死亡率低于</span>5%，但年龄过大，有心、脑、肾或其它内脏损害者，手术死亡可超过25%。胸主动脉瘤的手术死亡率在30%，以主动脉弓动脉瘤的手术危险性最大。动脉瘤破裂而不作手术者极少幸存，故已破裂或濒临破裂者均应立即作手术。凡有细菌性动脉瘤者，还需给以长期抗生素治疗。对大小为6cm或以上或4cm以上的主动脉瘤均应作择期手术治疗。对4～6cm之间的主动脉瘤可以密切观察，有增大或濒临破裂征象者应立即手术。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1117,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1509514253873,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1509514253873,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"6404","isDel":0,"createAt":1509071750065,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1523609754125,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家指点  主动脉瘤是怎么回事  怎样引起的","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"></span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网向您详细介绍</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤的病理病因</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">，主动脉瘤主要是由什么原因引起的。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1509072131247.jpg\" title=\"专家指点  主动脉瘤是怎么回事  怎样引起的\" alt=\"专家指点  主动脉瘤是怎么回事  怎样引起的\" width=\"600\" height=\"376\"/><br/><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><font face=\"宋体\">&nbsp;</font></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤病因</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">主要病因：</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">动脉粥样硬化、血管中层囊性坏死、梅毒感染、细菌感染、风湿性主动脉炎及创伤等；</span></span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤病因</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">正常动脉壁中层富有弹力纤维，随每次心搏进行舒缩而传送血液。中层受损，弹力纤维断裂，代之以纤维疤痕组织，动脉壁即失去弹性，不能耐受血流冲击，动脉在病变段逐渐膨大，形成动脉瘤。动脉内压力升高有助于形成动脉瘤。引起主主动脉瘤的主要原因如下：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、动脉粥样硬化</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">为最常见的原因。粥样斑块侵蚀主动脉壁，破坏中层成分，弹力纤维发生退行性变。管壁因粥样硬化而增厚，使滋养血管受压，发生营养障碍，或滋养血管破裂而在中层积血。多见于老年男性，男女之比为</span>10∶1左右。部位主要在腹主动脉，尤其在肾动脉起源至髂部分叉之间。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、感染</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">以梅毒为显著，常侵蚀胸主动脉。败血症、心内膜炎时的菌血症使病菌经血流到达主动脉，主动脉邻近的脓肿直接蔓延，或在粥样硬化性溃疡的基础上继发感染，都可形成细菌性动脉瘤。致病菌以链球菌、葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌属为主，较少见。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、囊性中层坏死</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">为一种比较少见的病因未明的病变。主动脉中层弹力纤维断裂，代之以异染性酸性粘多糖。主要见于升主动脉瘤，男性较多见。遗传性疾病如马凡综合征、特纳（</span>Turner）综合征、埃-当（Ehlers-Danlos）综合征等均可有囊性中层坏死。易致夹层动脉瘤。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、外伤</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">贯通伤直接作用于受损处主动脉引起动脉瘤，可发生于任何部位。间接损伤时暴力常作用于不易移动的部位，如左锁骨下动脉起源处的远端或升主动脉根部，而不是易移动的部位，受力较多处易形成动脉瘤。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">5、先天性</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">以主动脉窦瘤为主。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">6、其他</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">包括巨细胞性主动脉炎，白塞氏病，多发生大动脉炎等。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><font face=\"宋体\"></font><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1026,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1509071750069,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1509071750069,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"6263","isDel":0,"createAt":1508812895023,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1523345234182,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"主动脉瘤可能并发哪些疾病？","content":"<p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网向您详细介绍</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤有哪些并发病症</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">，主动脉瘤还会引起哪些疾病？</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">引起血管内侧压增高，故呈进行性膨大，若长期发展，最后终归破裂，瘤体越大，破裂的可能性越大。栓塞为另一并发症。据统计，若不作手术治疗，</span>90%胸主动脉瘤在5年内死亡，3/4腹主动脉瘤在5年内死亡。主动脉瘤主要的治疗方法是进行手术，而其手术的并发症主要有以下几种：</span></p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1508813755028.jpg\" title=\"主动脉瘤可能并发哪些疾病？\" alt=\"主动脉瘤可能并发哪些疾病？\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><font face=\"宋体\">&nbsp;</font></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、大出血是手术最危险的并发症</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">也是手术的主要死亡原因，因此选用进口人造血管或国产人造血管经白蛋白预凝，能有效防止人造血管的渗血。人造血管应尽量与主动脉口径匹配，避免吻合口漏。血管吻合采用连续缝合法</span>.</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、神经系统并发症</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">是动脉瘤手术的另一严重并发症，术中可采用低温保护神经系统。主动脉根部或累及弓部的手术应用低温体外循环，在需要停循环时可应用右锁骨下动脉插管，选择性脑灌注</span>;降主动脉手术可采用左心转流保护脊髓和肾脏，当病变范围较长，需要切除较长的主动脉，应将肋间血管吻合到人造血管上，应用肾上腺皮质激素保护神经细胞，加强围手术期管理，术前控制血压纠正心衰，术中注意血压的控制，尤其是在阻断开放前，应注意血压和循环容量，同时纠正酸中毒和电解质紊乱，防止开放后血压下降出现心脏骤停。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、大多数腹主动脉瘤位于肾动脉水平以下</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾动脉以下的腹主动脉阻断发生脊髓缺血或肾功能衰竭的可能性较少，但有可能发生双下肢供血障碍，因此腹主动脉阻断时间需尽量缩短。</span>2%～7%的腹主动脉瘤手术需在肾动脉水平以上、甚至腹腔动脉水平以上阻断。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、动脉瘤手术</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">暴露范围大、耗时长、手术创伤、低温和体外循环对机体免疫力有影响，故术后易发生感染，预防可能导致感染的各个环节，并注意合理使用抗生素，避免抗生素使用不当造成的二重感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><font face=\"宋体\"></font><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1152,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1508812895025,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1508812895025,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type0":[{"id":"9723","isDel":0,"createAt":1513934091615,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"女子患主动脉瘤打喷嚏会致死 什么是主动脉瘤","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513934450423.jpg\" title=\"女子患主动脉瘤打喷嚏会致死 什么是主动脉瘤\" alt=\"女子患主动脉瘤打喷嚏会致死 什么是主动脉瘤\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">46岁的张芳最近一两年经常感到活动后乏力，胸腹部隐隐作痛，上个月因胸痛加剧到医院检查发现患上了</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">，血管壁仅</span>1页纸那么薄，打一个喷嚏就可能导致猝死。根据她体型瘦长、手指和脚趾等关节扭曲变形的症状，医生诊断她患有马凡氏综合征，在为她进行手术治疗的同时，建议她24岁的女儿和18岁的儿子接受基因筛查。昨日基因检测的结果显示，她的一双儿女都带有心血管疾病致病基因，由于主动脉血管壁天生比常人缺少一种弹性组织，因此血管比正常人脆弱，虽然现在未有症状，但以后也会出现心血管疾病，而且还有50%的几率遗传给下一代。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">对患者的孩子而言，是否会遗传到该病，一出生就决定了，但是疾病有暴露时间，起初是没有任何表现的。进行基因筛查，能在症状表现出来前</span>“预知”，从而早作准备，提前干预。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">什么是主动脉瘤</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">主动脉病理性的扩张，超过正常血管直径的</span>50%，称之为主动脉瘤。主动脉瘤分为真性主动脉瘤和假性主动脉瘤。真性动脉瘤是血管变宽涉及血管壁的3层结构。假性动脉瘤是动脉局部破裂，由血块或临近组织封住而形成。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">主动脉瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">的症状表现</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1.症状。一般都在动脉瘤逐渐增大时发生疼痛，性质为深部钻孔样，部位胸主动脉瘤多在上胸部或者背部，肩胛下向左肩、颈部、上肢放射。腹主动脉瘤则主诉下背部疼。如果疼痛的强度增加可能预示着即将破裂，压迫邻近组织如上腔静脉、肺动脉、气管、支气管、肺和左喉返神经、食管，可引起上腔静脉综合征、呼吸困难、咳嗽、喘鸣，甚至继发感染、咯血、声音嘶哑、吞咽困难、呕血等，降主动脉瘤可侵袭椎体，压迫脊髓引起截瘫。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2.体征。主动脉弓动脉瘤可在胸骨上窝触及异常搏动，胸主动脉可在腹部正中偏左触及一韧性包块，搏动明显，在瘤体部可闻及收缩期杂音，如弓部瘤影响主动脉根部，引起主动脉瓣关闭不全，听诊主动脉瓣区可闻及舒张期杂音。如压迫上腔静脉可出现颜面、颈部及上肢水肿。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1176,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513934091617,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513934091617,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9722","isDel":0,"createAt":1513932988960,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"大学生摔跤致心脏瘤破裂 什么是主动脉窦瘤","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513933042863.jpg\" title=\"大学生摔跤致心脏瘤破裂 什么是主动脉窦瘤\" alt=\"大学生摔跤致心脏瘤破裂 什么是主动脉窦瘤\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">个体育学院的摔跤专业的大学生，却因为一次训练突发心脏疾病，这个报道在网络上受到关注，体育学员的学生在体质和健康方面应该是优于常人的，为什么参加训练后会出现这样的情况？我们还是来看一下事情的究竟。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">这是一位刚入学的大一的学生，年仅</span>17岁，身体一直都很强壮，可是3天前他照例完成指定的训练，并且成功的将对手摔倒在地，还来不及高兴，只见他突然跪倒在地，手捂住胸口大叫一声，同学们感到不妙才将他迅速送往附近的医院进行救治，经过检查医生确诊他的心脏里长了瘤，现在瘤已经破裂，如果不及时抢救会有生命危险，目前已经做了微创手术，还在康复阶段。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">好端端的怎么心脏会长瘤呢？其实这是</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">主动脉窦瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">，并不是真正意义上的肿瘤，而是由于患者大血管发育不良，在血流的不断冲击下逐渐膨出而形成瘤体。这种瘤体非常脆弱，在剧烈运动时，瘤体容易被冲破，如果不及时抢救就会危及生命，这位大学生好在是抢救及时才抱住生命。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">那</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">主动脉窦瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">究竟是什么东西？是怎样形成的？又该怎样预防呢？为了避免更多的人出现这样的危及状况，我们一起来了解一下。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">其实</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">主动脉窦瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">是一种罕见的先天畸形，患这种疾病的男性的比例高于女性，也算是先天性心脏病的一种，在其发展过程中瘤体突入心脏内，逐渐增大，而其瘤壁逐渐变薄而发生破裂。可破入右心房、右心室、肺动脉、左心室或心包腔，后者可迅速引起死亡。是一种非常凶险的心脏疾病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">既然是先天性一定跟怀孕有关，孕妇在怀孕过程中如果感染了病毒或者服用一些药物，都可能会导致婴儿在心脏发育的过程中出现问题，也就是先天性心脏病，主动脉窦瘤只是先天性心脏病其中少见的一种，常见的先天性心脏病还有法鲁氏四联证等，主要可分为紫钳型心脏病和非紫绪型心脏病。紫绀型心脏病很容易早期发现，但是非紫绀型疾病很难发现，往往是容易出现突发情况，像本文的这位大学生就是非紫绀型，所以，表面上看好像身体没有什么问题，其实潜在的危险却一直存在着。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">这种疾病一旦存在最好是早发现早治疗，没有更好的预防措施，先天性心脏病有一定的遗传因素，但是更多的是由于妊娠中的保健没有做好，因此，在此提醒准备怀孕的女性们要对生命负责任，只有让自己的身体在任何时候都处于健康的状态，才能孕育一个健康的宝宝。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1207,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513932988962,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513932988962,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"9721","isDel":0,"createAt":1513932687442,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"胸主动脉瘤是什么原因引起的呢","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513933385798.jpg\" title=\"胸主动脉瘤是什么原因引起的呢\" alt=\"胸主动脉瘤是什么原因引起的呢\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">(一)&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">发病原因</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">胸主动脉瘤</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">最常见的病因是：动脉粥样硬化、非特异性主动脉退行性病变。其次为主动脉中层囊性坏死、梅毒、感染、损伤及先天性发育不良等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">1.&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">动脉粥样硬化</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">动脉粥样硬化和非特异性主动脉退行性病变时导致胸主动脉瘤形成的最常见原因，约占</span>50%以上。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">2.&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">主动脉中层囊性坏死</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">主动脉中层囊性坏死性胸主动脉瘤常合并综合征，表现出明显的遗传特征。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">3.&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">创伤因素</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">多见于交通事故，在高速运动中突然减速，使主动脉内膜和中层横行撕裂。如升主动脉破口很大或完全断裂，病人很快大出血死亡，来不及抢救。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">4.&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">感染因素</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">感染性心内膜炎的感染性栓子阻塞于主动脉壁的营养血管，主动脉邻近的感染灶，如脓肿、化脓性淋巴结炎及脓胸等直接蔓延，或外伤、手术引起败血症播散所致。近</span>10年来，梅毒感染病人有增加趋势。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:16px\">(二)&nbsp;</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">发病机制</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">胸主动脉中层囊性变性是导致胸主动脉瘤的最重要原因，可表现为主动脉中层的平滑肌细胞坏死、弹性纤维变性和黏液样物质沉积。这种病理变化多发生在升主动脉，少数可见于降主动脉</span>.可使主动脉壁变薄、扭曲形成梭形动脉瘤，若发生在主动脉根部可引起主动脉瓣反流。所有综合征者，均可见主动脉壁中囊性改变，也可见于其他遗传性结缔组织疾病，如综合征等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">升主动脉瘤很少发生动脉粥样硬化，但可伴有广泛的粥样硬化，尤其是肾动脉、脑动脉和冠状动脉。主动脉弓部的动脉瘤常累及到升主动脉或降主动脉，常是由于中层囊性变性、动脉粥样硬化、梅毒或其他感染所致。胸主动脉瘤常合并有高血压，后者可影响主动脉壁的强度，加速动脉瘤的膨胀。在胸部，局限性囊性动脉瘤比环状或弥漫性动脉瘤更为常见。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1071,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1513932687448,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1513932687448,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"8418","isDel":0,"createAt":1511925654213,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"怎么认识腹主动脉瘤","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511925679047.jpg\" title=\"怎么认识腹主动脉瘤\" alt=\"怎么认识腹主动脉瘤\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">腹主动脉瘤是一种常见的动脉扩展性疾病，危害大。治疗上较为复杂，一旦破裂预后不佳。当腹主动脉局段性病理性扩张的直径超过正常腹主动脉</span>1.5倍时，即称“腹主动脉瘤”。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">腹主动脉瘤的发病率在</span>30‰～66‰之间，在过去的30年中，其发病率上升了3倍。在我国，随着人口老龄化、饮食结构改变和检测手段的增多，腹主动脉瘤发病率有所增加的趋势。据统计，男女发病率之比约为4：1，值得注意的是动脉瘤有存在着多发倾向，约83%的腹主动脉瘤患者同时有其他部位的动脉瘤，如髂动脉，髂内动脉以及股动脉等的动脉瘤。在美国每年约有15000人死于腹主动脉瘤，占死因的第13倍，研究者对102例腹主动脉瘤患者进行5年的随访，发现其5年生存率约12%，其中超过60%的患者死于腹主动脉瘤破裂，该病亦是65岁以上老年人的猝死原因之一，因此，俗称人腹内“不定时炸弹”。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">患腹主动脉瘤的危险因子是男性、老年、家族史、吸烟、高血压、高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化和冠心病等。其中吸烟和家族史最为重要，而高血压则是促进腹主动脉瘤破裂的危险因子。腹主动脉破裂的好发年龄男性平均</span>76岁，女性平均81岁。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">罹患腹主动脉瘤后，多数人无任何症状，有些自述腹部跳动感，消瘦者可自己发现腹部有搏动性肿块，少数病人有脐周或中上腹部、腰背部疼痛，疼痛的性质可为钝痛、胀痛、刺痛或刀割样疼痛，但疼痛表现多种多样，不具备特异性，临床上常可导致误诊及病情的急剧恶化。由于动脉血流压力高，当腹主动脉瘤发展到一定程度，可突然发生难以避免的破裂并发症，引起难以控制的大出血致病人死亡。</span>80%的腹主动脉瘤破裂出血首先局限在腹后间隙，随着出血量增加而破入腹腔内，所以临床表现模糊而复杂，但最早的症状是背痛和腹痛，常放射到肋部和腹股沟区，值得注意的是，突发的剧烈疼痛往往是腹主动脉瘤破裂或急性扩张的特征性表现，故把腹主动脉瘤突然出现腹痛则视为最危险的信号。有的病人则表现为虚脱;也有部分病人腹主动脉瘤破裂入腹膜后间隙几小时，几天甚至几周而不破入腹腔膜，称为“包裹性”破裂;部分病人的瘤体在破裂前快速增大，称为“扩展性”腹主动脉瘤;约20%的腹主动脉瘤直接破裂至腹腔，表现为突发休克，有的病人根本来不及到医院就死于出血性休克。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">B超作为一种简便、无创、价廉、重复性佳的检查方法，可清楚地显示98%以上的人肾动脉水平以下腹主动脉瘤。20世纪90年代，欧美等国家已大规模运用B超作为腹主动脉瘤的早期普查、筛查方法。有疑问时再作CT、核磁共振以及动脉选影等检查确诊。腹主动脉瘤破裂的瘤体直径平均为8cm，4.5%小于5cm;另一份5年随访资料，瘤体直径》6cm的腹主动脉瘤5年破裂率为43%，而直径《6cm的5年破裂率仅20%，所以对腹主动脉瘤直径在3～3.5cm的患者应每3年进行一次B超检查;腹主动脉瘤直径在3.5～4cm的患者，应每2年做一次B超检查;瘤体直径超过4cm者，应每年做一次B超检查。国外用B超进行早期普查后，使腹主动脉瘤破裂的发生率降低了55%，死亡率降低了42%。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">所以老年人，特别是男性，若有上述症状的蛛丝马迹，应尽早到正规医疗机构进行检查，以便做到防患于未然。若有存在腹主动脉瘤，应尽早接受规范的治疗，以防自己腹内</span>“不定时炸弹”引爆而危及生命。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1894","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1183,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1511925654215,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1511925654215,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},{"id":"6637","isDel":0,"createAt":1509507283545,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家向您解答  主动脉瘤是怎么回事 病理病因是什么","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1509507841900.jpg\" title=\"专家向您解答  主动脉瘤是怎么回事 病理病因是什么\" alt=\"专家向您解答  主动脉瘤是怎么回事 病理病因是什么\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">找良医网</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">向您详细介绍主动脉瘤的病理病因，主动脉瘤主要是由什么原因引起的。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">主动脉瘤病因</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">主要病因：</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">动脉粥样硬化、血管中层囊性坏死、梅毒感染、细菌感染、风湿性主动脉炎及创伤等</span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><br/></span></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">主动脉瘤病因</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">正常动脉壁中层富有弹力纤维，随每次心搏进行舒缩而传送血液。中层受损，弹力纤维断裂，代之以纤维疤痕组织，动脉壁即失去弹性，不能耐受血流冲击，动脉在病变段逐渐膨大，形成动脉瘤。动脉内压力升高有助于形成动脉瘤。引起主主动脉瘤的主要原因如下：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、动脉粥样硬化</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">为最常见的原因。粥样斑块侵蚀主动脉壁，破坏中层成分，弹力纤维发生退行性变。管壁因粥样硬化而增厚，使滋养血管受压，发生营养障碍，或滋养血管破裂而在中层积血。多见于老年男性，男女之比为</span>10∶1左右。部位主要在腹主动脉，尤其在肾动脉起源至髂部分叉之间。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、感染</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">以梅毒为显著，常侵蚀胸主动脉。败血症、心内膜炎时的菌血症使病菌经血流到达主动脉，主动脉邻近的脓肿直接蔓延，或在粥样硬化性溃疡的基础上继发感染，都可形成细菌性动脉瘤。致病菌以链球菌、葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌属为主，较少见。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、囊性中层坏死</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">为一种比较少见的病因未明的病变。主动脉中层弹力纤维断裂，代之以异染性酸性粘多糖。主要见于升主动脉瘤，男性较多见。遗传性疾病如马凡综合征、特纳（</span>Turner）综合征、埃-当（Ehlers-Danlos）综合征等均可有囊性中层坏死。易致夹层动脉瘤。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4、外伤</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">贯通伤直接作用于受损处主动脉引起动脉瘤，可发生于任何部位。间接损伤时暴力常作用于不易移动的部位，如左锁骨下动脉起源处的远端或升主动脉根部，而不是易移动的部位，受力较多处易形成动脉瘤。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5、先天性</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">以主动脉窦瘤为主。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6、其他</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span 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