{"type5":[],"type4":[{"id":"12334","isDel":0,"createAt":1517907743304,"createBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"海绵宝宝","updateAt":1517907795144,"updateBy":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"海绵宝宝","userId":"db869ccaaef711e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"专家告诉您心脏瓣膜病有哪些护理方法","content":"


心脏瓣膜病是生活中比较常见的一种心血管疾病，那么对于心脏瓣膜病有哪些护理方法呢？下面给大家介绍心脏瓣膜病的常见护理方法，供大家参考。


\"专家告诉您心脏瓣膜病有哪些护理方法\"

 

护理方法一：休息。包括体力和精力两个方面。病人症状不明显时可适当做些轻工作，但不要参与重体力劳动，以免增加心脏负担。病人伴有心功能不全或风湿活动时应卧床休息，一切生活均应由家人呵护和协助。对病人态度要和蔼、避免不良情绪的刺激。

 

护理方法二：预防呼吸道感染。病室要阳光充足、空气新鲜、温度相宜，防预因呼吸道感染引起风湿活动、加重病情。

 

护理方法三：心功能不全者应控制水分的摄入，饮食中适量限制钠盐，逐日以10克（2钱）以下为宜，切忌食用盐腌制品。

 

护理方法四：服用利尿剂者应吃些水果如香蕉、桔子等。

 

护理方法五：房颤的病人不宜作剧烈活动。应定期门诊随访;在适当时期要考虑行外科手术治疗，何时进行，应由医生根据详细情况定。

 

护理方法六：如需拔牙或作其他小手术，术前应采用抗生素预防感染。

 

    找良医网温馨提示：好的护理工作有助于患者尽早恢复身体健康，在日常生活中多汗者应及时更衣，防止受凉，预防呼吸道感染。多摄取清淡、高蛋白、高维生素、易消化食物，可进适量蔬菜、水果等纤维食物，保持大便通畅。坚持适度的体育锻炼，但应避免过度劳累。


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心脏瓣膜病是一种非常常见的心脏病，尤其是老年人容易的心脏瓣膜病，那么对于这样的一种心血管疾病，在手术之后患者该如何饮食呢？下面给大家介绍心脏瓣膜病手术后应该注意哪些，接下来就和大家一起了解下。



\"专家告诉您心脏瓣膜病手术后应该注意哪些\"

忌烟酒

 

每天的进食量要保持稳定，避免暴饮暴食或过分忌食。营养要均衡，少吃多餐，禁忌辛辣食物。

 

限食盐量

 

心脏瓣膜置换术后康复期应适当控制主食、盐、糖的摄入。每日盐的食入量应≤6克，盐分食入过多可加重心脏负担。限制水份摄入，在三餐以外，另加少量点心、水果等。

 

禁忌维生素K

 

含维生素K较高的食物可能影响抗凝药物疗效，包括菠菜、芥菜、西兰花、青萝卜、海藻、紫菜、海带、绿茶等，平时饮食中上述食物份量应保持固定。

 

荤素均衡

 

心脏瓣膜病对于饮食的话，是辅助手段。不是一味的光吃水果蔬菜就有益健康，适当荤素搭配才能均衡营养供应。

 

食易消化食物

 

饮食宜给予清淡、多进含丰富蛋白质、维生素及高热量易消化饮食，如鱼、肉、蛋、奶等；少量多餐，多给蔬菜和水果；心功能不全者给低盐饮食，并限制水分摄入。

 

不可缺餐

 

每日三餐一定不可少，一些主食，例如馒头、米饭、包子等对术后患者是最好的营养品。主食每天应在3两以上。要少吃多餐，不能一下吃的太饱。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时治疗。


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生活要有规律，并保证充足的睡眠。家居环境要清洁卫生，并经常开窗通风，保持居住环境适宜的温度和湿度。在饮食方面也要改变一些习惯的，恢复和饮食是分不开。接下来和大家一起了解瓣膜置换手术后应注意哪些饮食习惯？

 

\"瓣膜置换手术后应注意哪些饮食习惯

    A、清淡饮食，避免辛辣刺激食物；

 

    B、多摄入高营养食物；

 

C、多摄入低盐低糖食物；

 

D、若患者服用华法林，还需注意饮食，以免发生拮抗作用。

 

    找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！


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心脏瓣膜置换手术后经常会存在刀口疼痛、术后用药注意、以及生活注意等问题，专家提醒刀口疼痛为正常术后反应，可口服止疼药或对症治疗。患者出院后可能要继续服用抗凝、强心、利尿和补钾类等药物等，除此之外，患者还应该适度休息等等生活注意事项。 接下来就和大家一起了解下心脏瓣膜置换手术后应该注意哪些护理措施？



\"专家告诉您心脏瓣膜置换手术后应该注意哪些\"

 

循序渐进，逐步恢复:


工作手术后最好修养6个月，根据心功能恢复情况决定是否可以工作。听医生的建议，如果有紧急的事情要处理。可以采取半天工作，体力劳动可以从轻到重，逐渐适应，以感觉不劳累或不心慌气短为原则。可以进行散步、轻微的家务活动，不可强行劳动，以免出现心脏功能衰竭。

 

出院后要保持愉快的心情：


保持乐观积极的态度和坚定的信念，可以参加一些轻松的娱乐活动，但是不能生气，不急不躁。是对恢复有利的帮助。

 

按医嘱：


服药手术后半年应常规服用强心利尿药，以后根据情况酌减。

 

情绪稳定：


体外循环手术后可能有些精神情绪的改变及记忆力下降，如果出现情况这种情况，希望您不急不躁。平复自己的心情。

 

避免剧烈运动：


术后皮肤切口虽然愈合，但胸骨还需较长时间才能愈合（约半年），故不能进行重体力活动。随着身体的恢复，有的病人会感到颈部、肩部等肌肉紧张甚至疼痛，这时需要轻微活动，逐渐进行功能锻炼后会有所好转。

 

积极抗风湿治疗：


如果有风湿病或病人年龄轻，应积极抗风湿治疗，主要使用长效青霉素肌内注射或肠溶阿司匹林口服治疗。

 

注意增加营养：


但是不要吃得过多，不要进食过度油腻食物及过咸食物。

 

注意避孕：


手术后一年内不要怀孕，待心脏功能恢复后再考虑。

 

要节制性生活：


不要劳累。

 

 找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医。


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找良医网向您详细介绍心脏瓣膜病症状，尤其是心脏瓣膜病的早期症状，心脏瓣膜病有什么表现？得了心脏瓣膜病会怎样？

\"心脏瓣膜病有哪些症状\"

心脏瓣膜病多呈现慢性发展的过程，在瓣膜病变早期可无临床症状，当出现心律失常、心力衰竭或发生血栓栓塞事件时出现相应的临床症状。患者常表现为活动后心慌、气短、疲乏和倦怠，活动耐力明显减低，稍作运动便出现呼吸困难（即劳力性呼吸困难），严重者出现夜间阵发性呼吸困难甚至无法平卧休息。心脏瓣膜病也可因急性缺血坏死、急性感染性心内膜炎等而急性发生，表现出急性心衰的症状如急性肺水肿。

 

部分患者特别是二尖瓣狭窄患者可出现咯血，轻者痰中伴有血丝，重者一次性咯出大量鲜血，在急性左心衰时可咳出大量粉红色泡沫痰。此外，长时间的肺部淤血可导致患者频繁发生支气管炎，特别在冬季。某些患者特别是主动脉瓣狭窄患者，会在活动后出现头晕、黑蒙甚至晕厥。也可出现心前区不适或心绞痛症状。

 

心脏瓣膜病患者在查体时可以发现心脏扩大，瓣膜狭窄或关闭不全的特征性的心脏杂音，如二尖瓣狭窄的心尖部舒张期隆隆样杂音、二尖瓣关闭不全时的心尖部收缩期吹风样杂音、主动脉瓣关闭不全时在胸骨左缘3～4肋间的舒张期哈气样杂音、主动脉瓣狭窄时在胸骨右缘第2肋间的收缩期吹风样杂音等，心律失常的表现，在急性心衰时可出现肺部湿性啰音或哮鸣音。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！


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找良医网向您详细介绍心脏瓣膜病的病理病因，心脏瓣膜病主要是由什么原因引起的。

\"专家向您解答

主要病因： 风湿热，黏液变性，退行性改变，先天性畸形，缺血性坏死，感染，创伤等。

 

心脏瓣膜病的主要原因包括风湿热、黏液变性、退行性改变、先天性畸形、缺血性坏死、感染和创伤等。可以引起单个瓣膜病变，也可以引起多个瓣膜病变。瓣膜病变的类型通常是狭窄或者关闭不全。一旦出现狭窄和或关闭不全，便会妨碍正常的血液流动，增加心脏负担，从而引起心脏功能损害，导致心力衰竭。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！


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本文中，找良医网为您解答的是：心脏瓣膜病的治疗，该疾病的治疗包括药物等内科治疗、外科手术治疗和介入治疗。接下来，一起来了解一下吧：

\"专家向您解答

1. 内科治疗

对于出现钠水潴留等心力衰竭表现者应用利尿剂，对于出现快速房颤者应用地高辛、β受体阻滞剂、非二氢吡啶类钙拮抗剂等控制心室率，对于有血栓危险和并发症者应用华发林等抗凝治疗。同时强调避免劳累和情绪激动、适当限制钠水摄入、预防感染等诱发心力衰竭的因素。

 

2. 外科手术

人工心脏瓣膜置换或瓣膜成形等手术治疗是心脏瓣膜病的根治方法，对于已经出现心力衰竭症状的心脏瓣膜病患者，应积极评价手术的适应证和禁忌证，争取手术治疗的机会。

 

3. 介入治疗

主要是对狭窄瓣膜的球囊扩张术，对于重度单纯二尖瓣狭窄、主动脉瓣狭窄和先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄者，若瓣膜钙化不明显，可以选择经皮瓣球囊扩张术，可以达到扩大瓣口面积、减轻瓣膜狭窄、改善血流动力学和临床症状的目的。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！


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心脏瓣膜置换术是采用由合成材料制成的人工机械瓣膜或用生物组织制成的人工 生物瓣膜替换的手术，简称换瓣。生物瓣中心血流，具有良好的血流动力学特性；血栓发生率低，不必终身抗凝，但其寿命问题至今未获得满意解决，多数患者面临二次手术；机械瓣具有较高的耐力和持久性等特性，临床应用广泛，但机械瓣最大的难题是患者必须终身抗凝且潜在易发血栓栓塞和出血的可能，给患者的工作、生活带来诸多不变。故出院后患者是否能做好自我管理，对提升生活质量以及预防术后并发症有着重要的意义。

 

\"专家为您解答心脏瓣膜置换术是怎么回事\"


瓣膜置换术是指心脏瓣膜（二尖瓣，三尖瓣，主动脉瓣等）发生不同原因导致的狭窄、关闭不全等情况，引起瓣膜不能正常工作时，无法保留原瓣膜，从而使用人造瓣膜（机械瓣、生物瓣）替代损坏瓣膜恢复瓣膜功能的手术方法。这种有点是可以适用于大部分瓣膜疾病。缺点是机械瓣瓣膜需要长期抗凝治疗，生物瓣远期会衰败导致再次手术。


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找良医网向您详细介绍心脏瓣膜病的病理病因，心脏瓣膜病主要是由什么原因引起的。

\"专家向您解答

  

心脏瓣膜病病因

主要病因： 风湿热，黏液变性，退行性改变，先天性畸形，缺血性坏死，感染，创伤等；

 

心脏瓣膜病疾病病因

心脏瓣膜病的主要原因包括风湿热、黏液变性、退行性改变、先天性畸形、缺血性坏死、感染和创伤等。可以引起单个瓣膜病变，也可以引起多个瓣膜病变。瓣膜病变的类型通常是狭窄或者关闭不全。一旦出现狭窄和或关闭不全，便会妨碍正常的血液流动，增加心脏负担，从而引起心脏功能损害，导致心力衰竭。

 

找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！


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