{"type5":[],"type4":[],"type3":[],"type2":[{"id":"5991","isDel":0,"createAt":1508295258878,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1522225453835,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全的症状","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全的临床表现缺乏典型性，诊断时必须根据下肢血流动力学改变的严重程度及病变范围加以考虑。下肢静脉病变分为血液倒流和回流障碍</span>2大类，虽然它们临床表现的严重性有差别，但症状和体征基本相似，本文，找良医网将为大家讲解的是</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全的症状</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">有哪些：</span></p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1508295463306.jpg\" title=\"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全的症状\" alt=\"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全的症状\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、浅静脉曲张： 这是最早出现的病理改变，多发生沿大隐静脉和(或)小隐静脉解剖分布位置的浅静脉扩张，伸长，而行程蜿蜒迂曲，部分可出现球状扩张，曲张静脉可因血流缓慢而合并感染，导致血栓性浅静脉炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、肿胀，胀痛 ：这是深静脉功能不全，静脉高压的特征性表现，下肢出现明显的乏力，酸胀，不适或胀痛，有时可有小腿肌肉抽搐，小腿均匀性肿胀，胫前可有指压性水肿，症状在午后，行走时加重，晨起，休息，抬高患肢可缓解，夏天高温季节症状发作更为频繁。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、皮肤营养性改变： 皮肤营养性改变包括皮肤萎缩，脱屑，瘙痒，色素沉着，皮肤和皮下组织硬结，湿疹和溃疡形成，如果合并踝部交通静脉功能不全，则可加速这些变化的出现，高度扩张的浅静脉易因轻度外伤或自行穿破而并发出血，且难以自行停止。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p>","barId":"2457","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1579,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1508295258880,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1508295258880,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"metaSearch":{"description":"为您提供:下肢静脉瓣关闭不全_静脉瓣功能不全的禁忌_原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全_病友的治疗经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"下肢静脉瓣关闭不全_静脉瓣功能不全的禁忌_原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全","title":"下肢静脉瓣关闭不全_静脉瓣功能不全的禁忌_原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全","channels":{"病友社区":{"description":"为病友提供:静脉瓣膜关闭不全论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"静脉瓣膜关闭不全论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛","title":"静脉瓣膜关闭不全论坛_病友交流平台_病友论坛","channels":null},"治疗":{"description":"为您提供:静脉瓣膜功能不全治疗_下肢静脉瓣功能不全治疗_深静脉瓣膜手术指征等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"静脉瓣膜功能不全治疗_下肢静脉瓣功能不全治疗_深静脉瓣膜手术指征","title":"静脉瓣膜功能不全治疗_下肢静脉瓣功能不全治疗_深静脉瓣膜手术指征","channels":null},"症状":{"description":"为您提供:下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全症状等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全症状","title":"下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全症状","channels":null},"并发症":{"description":"为您提供:原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全并发症等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全并发症","title":"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全并发症","channels":null},"饮食":{"description":"为您提供:原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全并发症饮食禁忌等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全并发症饮食禁忌","title":"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全并发症饮食禁忌","channels":null},"病因":{"description":"为您提供:下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全病因等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全病因","title":"下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全病因","channels":null},"病友求助":{"description":"为您提供:静脉瓣膜如何自我修复_中药能修复静脉瓣膜吗_静脉曲张瓣膜能修复吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"静脉瓣膜如何自我修复_中药能修复静脉瓣膜吗_静脉曲张瓣膜能修复吗","title":"静脉瓣膜如何自我修复_中药能修复静脉瓣膜吗_静脉曲张瓣膜能修复吗","channels":null},"预防":{"description":"为您提供:原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全并发症怎么预防等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。","keywords":"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全并发症怎么预防","title":"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全并发症怎么预防","channels":null}}},"focus":0,"type1":[{"id":"5989","isDel":0,"createAt":1508294469177,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":1522225167592,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全的病因以及临床表现","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">在医学上研究表明，</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的发病原因</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">至今尚未明确，可能的发病因素有：</span></p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1508294640356.jpg\" title=\"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全的病因以及临床表现\" alt=\"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全的病因以及临床表现\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\">&nbsp;</p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、瓣膜结构薄弱。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、由于持久的超负荷回心血量，以致造成瓣膜相对短小而关闭不全，故又称“相对性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全”。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、深静脉瓣膜发育异常。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4、小腿肌肉泵软弱，泵血无力，导致静脉高压和瓣膜关闭不全。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">临床表现：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">根据临床表现的轻重程度不同，可分为：</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1、轻度</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">下肢轻度不适，浅静脉曲张，轻度踝肿胀，多属早期病例。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2、中度</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">足靴区皮肤色素沉着，皮下组织纤维化，但尚无溃疡，久站后可出现胀痛，患肢中度肿胀。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3、重度</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">站立后疼痛、肿胀更为明显，浅静脉曲张明显，足靴区伴有广泛性皮肤变化、水肿、湿疹和溃疡。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 5px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如有身体不适，请及时就医！</span></p>","barId":"2457","topicTypeId":"1","topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":1,"files":"[]","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1071,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1508294469179,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1508294469179,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null}],"type0":[{"id":"7934","isDel":0,"createAt":1511166024420,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全是由什么原因引起的","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511166955201.jpg\" title=\"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全是由什么原因引起的\" alt=\"原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全是由什么原因引起的\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　(一)发病原因</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　PDVI的病因目前为公众所接受的有两大学说，即静脉瓣膜学说和管壁学说，两者可单独或者合并存在。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　1.瓣膜学说</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　(1)先天性静脉瓣膜发育不良或缺如：1962年Lindval等人首先发现有些深静脉瓣膜功能不全的病人有相似的临床表现和一定的家族遗传病史。患者在顺行性及逆行性下肢静脉造影时可见深静脉管壁光滑，缺乏瓣膜和瓣窦，做乏氏(Valsalva)试验时，下肢静脉血液反流明显。患者子女中患该病的危险性高达50%。1986年Plate等人的研究证明，先天性静脉瓣膜发育不良或缺如是一种常染色体的显性遗传病。但该病的发病率较低，仅占1%～5%。尚不能圆满解释大多数的PDVI病例。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　(2)瓣膜变性退化学说：有些学者认为随着年龄的增长，静脉瓣膜会发生组织变性，并且数目减少，但尚缺乏有力证据，有待于进一步研究。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　(3)瓣膜损伤学说：原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全，好发于重体力劳动及长久站立者。深静脉瓣膜长期在血柱的重力作用下，受到撑扯应力，其游离缘变得松弛脱垂，以致瓣膜对合时有漏斗状间隙，失去阻挡血液逆流的作用，而当逆流血流一旦通过无瓣或耐受性差的股总静脉时，压力升高的血柱同时作用于大隐静脉、股浅静脉和股深静脉的瓣膜，由于前者处于最高位置，部位表浅，又缺乏肌肉的保护，最易首先受累，而股浅静脉为静脉直接延续，承受血柱重力最大，也往往同时受到破坏。如此，小腿深静脉主干和交通静脉逐渐受到破坏，于是在这种“多米诺骨牌”效应作用下，下肢深、浅静脉瓣都遭到破坏。Van Bemmlen等人在动物实验中已经证实压力增高的静脉血柱，可以破坏远侧的静脉瓣膜。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　2.管壁学说 1989年Clark等人对正常组和病变组的下肢静脉管壁的弹性系数k值进行研究，发现正常组的k值明显高于病变组，这说明病变的静脉管壁弹性明显下降，强度降低，这样的静脉管壁长期在血柱的重力作用下，发生扩张，瓣环直径增大而出现相对性瓣膜关闭不全，时间过长，则可使瓣膜发生废用性萎缩乃至消失，完全失去防止血液逆流的作用。国内张柏根等对144例下肢静脉曲张病例的顺行性静脉造影中发现，静脉管腔明显增粗，瓣窦部位向双侧对称膨出的正常外形消失，瓣窦横径大于其远侧静脉横径的正常比例丧失，瓣膜相对关闭不全。在乏氏试验时，造影剂发生逆行泻漏，未发现明显的过长，松弛。而Rose等人对曲张静脉的组织学观察发现，瓣膜并无异常，而曲张静脉壁内纤维组织则明显增多，破坏肌束的正常排列形式，胶原纤维和弹性纤维均发生形态学的异常改变，这些都可以降低静脉壁的弹性和肌肉收缩力。此外，Peagan、Bemmelen等人的研究也为管壁学说提供有力证据，静脉管壁强度降低，以致静脉管腔发生扩张是发生PDVI的重要原因。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　(二)发病机制</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　深静脉瓣膜关闭不全时，可造成血液反流，产生静脉高压。当关闭不全的瓣膜平面位于奈静脉瓣以上时，产生的血流动力学改变可被腓肠肌的肌泵作用所代偿，不致产生明显症状。当病变一旦越过奈静脉平面，因离心较远，血柱压力明显升高，同时腓肠肌收缩不但促使血液回流，而且也加强血液反流，从而加速小腿深静脉和穿通静脉瓣膜的破坏，产生明显症状。</span></p><p 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