![\"盆腔脓肿的危害\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1512356707749.png\" "\\"盆腔脓肿的危害\\"")
肛周脓肿患者一旦发生肛门直肠周围感染，应及早到正规的医院诊治，并采用有效的抗感染措施，包括全身及局部的治疗，可防止炎症蔓延、扩散，切勿轻信游医成所谓“祖传”的宣传而延误诊断及治疗。
1、及时治疗可引起肛门直肠周围脓肿的全身性疾病，如溃疡性结肠炎、肠结核、克隆氏病等。
2、平时积极锻炼身体，增强体质，能增进和改善肛门部血液循环，使局部的抗病能力提高，能预防感染的发生。
3、积极防治其他肛肠疾病，如肛窦炎、肛乳头肥大、肛裂、炎性痔、直肠炎等能及时、正确、有效的治疗，可以避免和减少肛周感染，脓肿和肛瘘的发生。
4、防治便秘和腹泻，对预防肛门直肠周围感染有重要意义，它能避免和减少肛门直肠区的粘膜和上皮组织的损伤或炎症，可降低脓肿与肛瘘的发病率。
5、保持肛门部清洁卫生，勤换内裤，坚持每日便后清洗肛门，对预防感染有积极作用。
6、一旦发生肛门直肠周围感染，应及早到正规的医院诊治，并采用有效的抗感染措施，包括全身及局部的治疗，可防止炎症蔓延、扩散，切勿轻信游医成所谓“祖传”的宣传而延误诊断及治疗。
肛管、直肠周围软组织内或其周围间隙内发生急性化脓性感染，并形成脓肿，称为肛管、直肠周围脓肿。其特点是自行破溃，或在手术切开引流后常形成肛瘘。是常见的肛管直肠疾病，也是肛管、直肠炎症病理过程的急性期，肛瘘是慢性期。常见的致病菌有大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌和绿脓杆菌，偶有厌氧性细菌和结核杆菌，常是多种病菌混合感染。肛门周围皮下脓肿最常见，多由肛腺感染经外括约肌皮下部向外或直接向外扩散而成。
\n肛周脓肿患者宜食用清淡易消化的食品。忌食腥、辣刺激性食物。因为饮食不当可导致大便干燥，干硬的粪便排出时，可以撕破肛瓣和擦伤肛门皮肤、黏膜，使细菌容易从伤口进入肛周组织引起感染形成脓肿，所以平素要多吃含纤维多的食物，如红薯、芹菜、茄子、香蕉、玉米等。用饮食调整的方法防止便秘，保持大便通畅，将有利于疾病的康复。
\n合理调配饮食。既可以增加食欲，纠正便秘改善胃肠功能，也可以养成定时排便的习惯。日常饮食中可多选用蔬菜、水果、豆类等含维生素和纤维素较多的饮食，少含辛辣刺激性的食物,如辣椒、芥末、姜等。
\n","barId":"1404","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"8654","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"盆腔脓肿的危害","content":"
1、败血症及脓毒血症：败血症患者常伴有寒战，高热，脉搏快而且细弱，皮肤、黏膜出现多发性的出血点，脾大，严重的会神志不清甚至昏迷。脓毒败血症是化脓菌进入血液有屁不放，憋坏心脏；随血液循环，在身体的其他部位发生继发性脓肿。
2、肾病：如果急性盆腔结缔组织炎未经治疗，炎症不仅可以扩散至输卵管、盆腔腹膜等组织器官，引起盆腔脓肿，还可以向上蔓延，导致肾周围脓肿。
3、弥漫性腹膜炎：炎症的发展和蔓延可以扩散到子宫最外层的浆膜层，浆膜层是子宫与盆腔其他器官相联的吃饭要吃多一点，才有劲减肥啊！部分。炎症可以导致盆腔腹膜炎，继续发展会形成弥漫性盆腔腹膜炎，出现全身中毒症状，如高热、恶心。
4、感染性休克：在严重感染的情况下，病原体在体内迅速繁殖，这些细菌会分泌大量的内毒素，内毒素在血液中随血液循环到全身各处，迅速引起机体的反应，这也是急症感染性休克的发生原因之一。
除了造成以上四种危害外，盆腔脓肿最大的危害就是造成女性的不孕症：妇女盆腔内子宫、输卵管及卵巢或其周围的组织，包括盆腔内腹膜，任何一处发生炎症时，都可以造成妇女不孕。尤其是当急性炎症未能彻底治疗时转变成慢性，或者慢性盆腔炎治疗不及时，迁延成慢性时，常常造成妇女不孕。
男,6个月。出生一个月后确诊为肛周脓肿，医生建议保守治疗，每天便后清洗，优可适消毒液消毒后外涂百多邦，涂了一两个月后脓包变小，在皮肤上形成一层硬硬的结痂一样的，之后就反反复复（孩子目前已经5个月21天）时不时会再顶起来，但涂涂药膏就下去了，2月3号发现起的包有小白顶，2月5号发现起的白顶破了，有白色的脓状物流出来，量很少。
","barId":"1404","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"3151","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"肛周脓肿，急等","content":"女,30岁。今天三天了，肛周很疼一个红疙瘩，今天月经期第一天明天可以手术吗？或不手术可以好吗？
","barId":"1404","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"4031","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"肛周脓肿大剖析","content":"肛门直肠周围脓肿常有的症状是：先感到肛门周围出现了一个小硬块或肿块，继而疼痛加剧、红肿发热、坠胀不适、坐卧不宁、夜不能眠、大便秘结、排尿不畅成里急后重等直肠刺激症状。并随之出现全身不适、精神疲惫乏力、体温升高、食欲减退、寒战高热等全身中毒症状。一般在1周左右可形成脓肿，在肛门周围成直肠内指诊可摸到柔软、压痛、有波动的肿物，用注射器穿刺可抽出脓汁。若自行溃破或切开排脓后疼痛缓解或消失，体温下降，全身情况好转。但流脓的伤口却不易愈合或暂时愈合后又复发流脓，经久不愈，就成为肛瘘。
由于脓肿发生的位置不同，症状也不同。
1.肛周皮下脓肿 主要是疼痛，最初为胀痛、化脓时跳痛、排便时疼痛加重，脓肿在肛门前方可发生尿潴留，脓肿在肛门后方出现尾骶部疼痛。全身中毒症状轻，局部肿胀，发红、压痛、有波动感。
2.坐骨直肠窝脓肿 患者有周身不适、发热寒战、体温升
高等全身中毒症状。局部见肛门一侧肿胀、发红、灼痛、跳痛、压痛、坐卧不安，活动和排便时痛加重，有排尿困难等。
3.骨盆直肠窝脓肿 患者全身症状重，先寒战高热，周身疲倦，严重者可有败血症的中毒症状。局部症状轻，仅有直肠下坠感，酸痛或不适的表现，亦可发生排尿困难。
4.直肠后脓肿 全身症状与骨盆直肠窝脓肿相似，但局部症状主要在尾骶腰部酸胀坠痛，向背部及两侧大腿放射，尾骨有压痛，患者不能端坐。
5.直肠粘膜下脓肿 患者有周身不适，疲倦，发热。局部以直肠刺激症状为主，有里急后重，下坠，便次多或便意感等。
结核性肛门直肠周围脓肿与上述细菌性感染不同，患者常是慢性发病，脓肿经数周、数月后才能形成，局部疼痛不剧烈，伴有低热，局部红肿也不明显，破溃后流出的脓液清稀、乳白色，脓口凹陷，周围皮肤发青或呈青白色，常有多个流脓的外口，经久不愈。全身检查可以发现肺部、大肠或其他部位的结核病灶，脓液培养可找到结核杆菌。
肛周脓肿需要排脓吗？
\n肛门直肠周围形成脓肿，并有脓液形成时会如何发展呢？多数情况下，脓液将正常健康组织破坏，病灶逐渐增大。如破坏直肠系膜，则脓液排入肛管，也可由原先的路径返回肛管，即从肛门小窝排脓，但多数情况都是向皮肤破溃，这就是所谓的自然排脓。
\n随着脓液排出，疼痛也逐渐缓解，最后炎症完全消退。病情较轻时，如前面所说的那样脓液可以自然流出，在患者还未注意时，就已经痊愈了。但通过自然排脓而痊愈的情况极其少见。多数情况下患者疼痛剧烈，需要切开引流。除非病情很轻，病灶一般都一天比一天扩大，因此最好尽早切开排脓。
\n虽说是切开，也是在贮脓的部位动手术，不必大惊小怪。脓液较多张力大，切开瞬间脓液会喷出来，和自然排脓一样，脓液引出后疼痛会立即消失.炎疾消退。一般人都认为这样就治愈了，但实际上脓肿还在继续，如不继续治疗就可能形成肛瘘。
\n顺便说一下，脓肿疼痛得非常剧烈时切忌热敷。痔核及肛裂可通过坐浴、湿热毛巾热敷缓解疼痛。脓肿时出为炎症存在，热敷反复可以使炎症加重，患者自己也觉得不舒服，这时可用冰水毛巾冷敷患部，并去医院就诊。
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![\"治疗肛周脓肿需从“根”下手\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513309567320.jpg\" "\\"治疗肛周脓肿需从“根”下手\\"")
发生于肛门直肠周围的脓肿称为肛门直肠周围脓肿，简称为肛周脓肿。其症状特点是，肛门肿胀疼痛、溃破后流脓、发热、大便甚至小便困难。泉州医博医院肛肠专家介绍，肛周脓肿是肛肠科的四大主要病种之一、多见于男性患者。
肛周脓肿发病原因
肛周脓肿不同于一般外科感染性脓肿，如体表的疖肿、蜂窝组织炎等，与一般体表脓肿相比，肛周脓肿有以下三个特点：
1、感染多来自于肛管直肠内，即由肠道细菌引起者多。
2、简单的药物治疗和切开排脓，不能根治，具体地说就是经简单的药物治疗和切开排脓后，97%以上的患者会形成肛瘘。
3、肛周脓肿发展较快，症状明显，痛苦较大。
肛周脓肿与痔疮的区别在于：肛周脓肿是肛门的一种感染性疾病，起初只表现为肛门周围出现一个小硬结或肿块，继而疼痛加剧、红肿发热、坠胀不适、大便干结、排尿不畅等直肠刺激症。并随之出现全身不适、精神倦怠、寒战高热等全身中毒症状，甚至引发败血症、中毒性休克；痔疮是肛门静脉曲张造成的，外痔的症状以疼痛瘙痒为主，而内痔则以流血及便后痔疮脱出为主。
\n肛周脓肿跟痔疮的治疗区别：
\n痔疮的治疗主要有：药物、局部注射、传统手术、微创术等，需要根据患者实际就诊情况选择。
\n肛周脓肿主要是抗感染治疗，脓肿形成的，切开引流。少数肛周脓肿用抗生素，热水坐浴及局部理疗等可以消散，但多数需要手术治疗，手术有两种方式。
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