{"nowTime30":1785221983712,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"在日常生活中，孩子们是弱小群体，生病很容易，再加之小孩子的抵抗力比较弱，很容易就会患上感冒咳嗽，咳嗽时不宜吃冷饮或冷冻饮料。此时如饮食过凉，就容易造成肺气闭塞，症状加重，日久不愈。那么，孩子咳嗽的时候吃什么可以帮助缓解一下呢？找良医网带大家一起来学习一下：在水果中，首选是梨，因为梨本身，含有大量蛋白","keywords":"从专家角度看小儿咳嗽吃什么食物好_洞医","title":"从专家角度看小儿咳嗽吃什么食物好_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":"5a3adeaa985911e8972100163e0462f1","isDel":0,"createAt":1533437016805,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","realName":"周鑫","certifiedStatus":2,"phone":"15525873223","email":"langlixunta@163.com","hospitalId":"14629","departmentId":"2035","illName":"","illId":"ac6f137def9411e7a3d800163e04584d","cardType":1,"cardImg":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1533437073284.jpg","idCardImg":"","identityType":2,"stop":0,"departmentName":"内分泌科","hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1431","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430686832,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"小儿咳嗽","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"66656da6bb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:小儿咳嗽论坛_病友论坛，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿咳嗽论坛_病友论坛\",\"title\":\"小儿咳嗽论坛_病友论坛\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:治疗小儿咳嗽最佳偏方_小儿咳嗽有什么办法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"治疗小儿咳嗽最佳偏方_小儿咳嗽有什么办法\",\"title\":\"治疗小儿咳嗽最佳偏方_小儿咳嗽有什么办法\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿咳嗽症状有哪些_小儿热咳嗽症状有哪些等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿咳嗽症状有哪些_小儿热咳嗽症状有哪些\",\"title\":\"小儿咳嗽症状有哪些_小儿热咳嗽症状有哪些\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿咳嗽后果_小儿咳嗽危害等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿咳嗽后果_小儿咳嗽危害\",\"title\":\"小儿咳嗽后果_小儿咳嗽危害\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小孩咳嗽吃什么好得快_小孩咳嗽有痰吃什么好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小孩咳嗽吃什么好得快_小孩咳嗽有痰吃什么好\",\"title\":\"小孩咳嗽吃什么好得快_小孩咳嗽有痰吃什么好\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿反复咳嗽怎么回事_小儿咳嗽呕吐怎么回事等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿反复咳嗽怎么回事_小儿咳嗽呕吐怎么回事\",\"title\":\"小儿反复咳嗽怎么回事_小儿咳嗽呕吐怎么回事\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿积食咳嗽怎么办_小孩积食会引起咳嗽吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿积食咳嗽怎么办_小孩积食会引起咳嗽吗\",\"title\":\"小儿积食咳嗽怎么办_小孩积食会引起咳嗽吗\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小孩喝点什么预防咳嗽_预防孩子咳嗽小妙招等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小孩喝点什么预防咳嗽_预防孩子咳嗽小妙招\",\"title\":\"小孩喝点什么预防咳嗽_预防孩子咳嗽小妙招\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿咳嗽有痰怎么办、儿童咳嗽怎么办、小儿咳嗽吃什么好、小儿咳嗽偏方、宝妈们的治疗经验及治疗心得等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿咳嗽有痰怎么办_小儿咳嗽吃什么好_小儿咳嗽偏方_儿童咳嗽怎么办\",\"title\":\"小儿咳嗽有痰怎么办_小儿咳嗽吃什么好_小儿咳嗽偏方_儿童咳嗽怎么办\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"3670","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"宝宝为什么总是咳嗽 如何来预防【小儿咳嗽】","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486299724248.gif\" title=\"1486299724248.gif\" alt=\"20130114023902264.gif\"/></p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">那么，宝宝为什么总是咳嗽呢？</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong>宝宝总是咳嗽的原因：</strong></p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">1、上呼吸道感染引发的咳嗽</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">上呼吸道感染时小儿的鼻腔黏膜已发炎，如再吸入干燥空气将会使鼻腔更为不适，并还会加重咳嗽。因此，要保持房间空气湿润，可以使用加湿器、挂湿毛巾、用 水拖地板或在房间里放一盆清水等方法增加空气湿度。如果孩子的咳嗽和鼻塞症状持续一周仍未见好转，应该尽快带孩子看医生。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">2、支气管炎引发的咳嗽</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">应去医院治疗，服用医生开具的小儿止咳类药物，孩子不能吃太甜或太咸的食物，否则会加剧夜间咳嗽。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">3、咽喉炎引起的咳嗽</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">这种情况下家长不可自行在家解决，应及时就医，请医生明确诊断后对症治疗。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">4、过敏性咳嗽</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">注意平时尽量不要让孩子感冒，应到医院向医生咨询。对家族有哮喘及其他过敏性病史的宝宝，咳嗽应格外注意，及早就医诊治，明确诊断，积极治疗，阻止发展成哮喘。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong>预防小儿咳嗽，首先要做到以下四点：</strong></p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">1、防咳先防感。防止咳嗽预防感冒非常关键，所以孩子平时要注意锻炼身体，提高御“邪”能力，避免外感，以防加重病情。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">2、生活要调理。对孩子要加强生活调理，饮食适宜，保证睡眠，居室环境要安静，空气要清新。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">3、少去公共场所。尽量不带孩子到公共场所，少与咳嗽患者接触。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">4、食用梨和萝卜。平时适当食用梨和萝卜，对咳嗽有一定的预防之效。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><strong>治疗宝宝咳嗽的方法：</strong></p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">当小儿咳嗽时，可以采取拍背的方法促进痰液的排出。但是如果是刺激性干咳或痰液钻稠不易咳出时，可以使用镇咳药、祛痰药。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">1、烈干咳或频繁咳嗽影响休息和睡眠时，应适当给予镇咳药。一般根据其作用机制，将镇咳药分为中枢性和外周性两大类。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(1)中枢性镇咳药：中枢性镇咳药对延脑咳嗽中枢具有抑制作用，根据其是否具有成瘾性和麻醉作用又可分为依赖性镇咳药和非依赖性镇咳药。前者为吗啡类生物碱及其衍生物，具有明显的镇咳作用，由于具有成瘾性，仅在其他药物治疗无效时短哲使用</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(2)外周性镇咳药：外周性镇咳药包含局部麻醉药和钻膜防护剂。如甘草流浸膏、糖桨，可保护呼吸道钻膜，减少痰液对呼吸道的刺激而镇咳。苯佐那醋(退嗽)化学结构与丁卡因相似，局有较强的局部麻醉作用，可麻醉呼吸道钻膜上的牵张感受器而发挥镇咳作用。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">2、对于有痰咳嗽，尤其是痰多戟痰稠厚的咳嗽，应用镇咳药不利于痰液排出，造成痰的积聚和赌留，感染不易控制，此时应选用祛痰药。祛痰药使痰变稀且钻度降低，容易咳出，从而在化痰的前提下减轻咳嗽。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(1)氯化按、愈创木酚甘油醚是恶心性祛痰药，空腹效果明显，剂量过大可能引起呕吐，临床上较少单独应用，一般多用于合剂，如复方甘草合剂、伤风止咳糖浆、愈美颗粒等。患有消化系统疾病的小儿，特别是胃溃疡患儿应慎用。</p><p style=\"padding: 0px; margin-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-family: 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(2)乙酞半眺氨酸(痰易净)、盐酸氨澳索(沐舒坦)等为钻液溶解药，分解钻液中的钻性成分如钻多糖和钻蛋白，使痰液液化和钻滞性降低而易于咳出。</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1431","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"2526","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿咳嗽的家庭护理","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486298083311.png\" title=\"1486298083311.png\" alt=\"mp55033303_1453087672956_2_th.png\"/></strong></p><p><strong style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">和咳嗽相关的疾病</strong><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;1、感冒</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;宝宝的喉咙受到感冒病毒的感染而引起的上呼吸道黏膜发炎，一;般有咳嗽的症状。期间，宝宝会发热、嗜睡，流鼻涕、食欲不振，甚至会觉得喉咙痒痒的，极其不舒服。等宝宝出汗退热后，感冒的症状会逐渐消失，但咳嗽症状仍会持续3～5日。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;2、支气管炎</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;支气管炎一般是紧接着感冒发生的，由细菌感染引起的。支气管炎发病较急，初期多为干咳，咳嗽时有痰，严重时会出现呼吸困难。一般在夜间病情更为严重，特别是睡前和睡后2个小时，或凌晨6点左右，严重影响宝宝的睡眠质量。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;3、肺炎</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;肺炎也是由感冒病毒感染引起的，通常情况下，宝宝会咳嗽得比较频繁，而且会反复性干咳，咳嗽时有痰。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;4、鼻窦炎</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;鼻窦炎是感冒的并发症，初期的咳嗽症状和感冒相似，经常流鼻涕，而鼻涕总是向下流到宝宝的喉咙后面，引起咳嗽的反射。如果鼻子不及时清理，咳嗽现象就不会得到改善。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;5、过敏</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;过敏是由抗原性或非抗原性刺激引起的，周遭环境的花粉、尘螨或动物毛屑等异物都会使宝宝过敏。宝宝过敏的症状包括持续或反复发作性的剧烈咳嗽，晨起较为明显。在花粉传播季节、变温季节或宝宝哭闹的时候，咳嗽会更加严重。请注意，请一定要带你的宝宝去儿科医院诊治，积极治疗，以防升级为哮喘。&nbsp;</span><br/><br/><br/><strong style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">宝宝咳嗽的护理</strong><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;冬季即将来临，越来越多宝宝因为呼吸道感染而出现咳嗽等症状，这可急坏了父母。下面，主要介绍一些关于宝宝咳嗽的护理。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;虽然咳嗽本身不是很严重的问题，但如果父母稍有忽视，极有可能会使咳嗽恶化。家有宝贝儿的父母要勤于学习，了解如何给咳嗽的宝宝进行日常护理。下面从日常饮食和家居护理两方面进行介绍。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">日常饮食护理</strong><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;1、饮食要清淡，寒凉之物少吃</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;此时饮食以有营养易消化为首选。如果胃口不好的话，就多预备些清淡的粥、面片汤之类易消化的食物。一些生冷食物如海鲜、橘子等性寒食物尽量不要食用。不能吃太咸的食物;花生、瓜子等食物容易呛着宝宝，最好不要食用;巧克力太甜，也不适合宝宝吃。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;2、多喝白开水</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;为了帮助宝宝降低咳嗽频率，稀释痰液浓度，应该给宝宝多喝水，是相当有效的。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;3、多食用新鲜蔬菜及水果</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;水果、蔬菜中含有维生素和无机盐，能够帮助宝宝更快地恢复。而且胡萝卜素A对于呼吸粘膜的恢复相当有利。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">家居护理</strong><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;只要不影响宝宝的吃喝玩乐，大部分咳嗽都可以进行家居护理。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;1、夜间抬高宝宝头部。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;如果晚上睡觉时宝宝咳个不停，父母可将宝宝的头部垫高，咳嗽症状就会减缓。但是要注意的是，要经常调换宝宝睡的位置，最好是左右侧轮换着睡，有利于呼吸道分泌物的排出。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;2、让宝宝多喝温水。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;多喝水可使宝宝的粘液变得稀薄，促进痰液的咳出。如果宝宝想喝别的也可以，但是尽量避免喝浓的和刺激性的饮料，比如橙汁、西柚汁等。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;3、咳嗽严重时可尝试水蒸气止咳。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;让宝宝吸入一些蒸汽，但不能直接吸入以免烫伤，可选在充满蒸汽的浴室内，因为温暖潮湿的空气能够帮助宝宝减少咳嗽的次数。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;4、用热水袋敷在宝宝背上止咳。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;热水袋中的热水温度宜在40℃左右。外面包上毛巾，然后贴在宝宝背部靠近肺部的位置。这样的热敷对于早期的感冒咳嗽特别有效。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;5、净化空气</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;空气中的过敏原和刺激物极易引起慢性咳嗽。父母一定要注意家居空气的流通，保持室内湿度在50%~60%左右。在现代大都市生活，还要贯彻不在宝宝周围吸烟的原则，让宝宝远离二手烟。</span><br/><br/><br/><strong style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">咳嗽不同症状的护理</strong><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;当宝宝咳嗽的时候，很多父母首先想到的就是给宝宝止咳、吃药等方法，恨不得药到病除，但如果没用对方法，效果往往没多大作用。于是，为了防止做太多无用功，父母必须先找到导致咳嗽的原因。对症下药，才能更有效地彻底治疗咳嗽。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;1、 吸入异物引起的咳嗽</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;宝宝的喉咙和呼吸道系统很没有发育完善，如果不小心吸入外界异物，就很容易受到刺激，导致咳嗽。这时，应该鼓励宝宝努力咳嗽，并帮助宝宝变换体位，轻拍其胸部，以助于异物咳出。当异物咳出来后慢慢就不咳嗽了，不需要特别的治疗，但如果出现呼吸困难等严重异物卡喉的情况，则要立即将孩子送往医院抢救。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;2、 过敏性咳嗽</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;有些宝宝对花粉、冷空气、香水或动物皮毛过敏，刺激了宝宝的鼻腔，引发咳嗽，首先要做的是及时让宝宝远离过敏源，如果宝宝咳嗽不止，父母则应该在征得医生的意见后适当使用抗过敏的药物。如果家族有过敏史的宝宝，则应该及时根治，防止恶化。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;3、 呼吸道炎症引起的咳嗽</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;咽喉炎、气管炎、肺炎等呼吸道疾病会引发持续的咳嗽之外，常常还伴有发热、流涕、呼吸急促、吐粘稠液等症状，父母应该带宝宝到儿科医院治疗原发病，仅使用止咳药只是治标不治本的方法。在家里休养时，要空气流通，保持适宜的室内湿度，维护宝宝鼻腔的舒服。</span><br/><br/><br/><strong style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">宝宝咳嗽需要药物护理吗</strong><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;宝宝咳嗽需要药物护理吗?有的父母认为，咳嗽本身就是小事情，没必要折腾;有的父母认为，宝宝还小，不应该随便服药;还有的父母认为，宝宝咳嗽了一定需要药物护理才会好转。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;其实，年纪稍大点儿的宝宝，即使咳嗽了，但只要他能玩，能睡，不影响身心健康，是不必要服药的。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;然而，如果是咳嗽的很严重的宝宝，就应该立即到儿科医院诊治，在医生的叮嘱下适当服用止咳药。在这里提醒一下，小儿非处方药对6岁以下的宝宝可能没有作用，甚至可能会潜在危险。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;所以，父母应该谨慎对待宝宝的药物护理问题，不要盲目大意。</span><br/><br/><strong style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; 父母对宝宝咳嗽用药主要存在以下几方面的误区：</strong><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;1、宝宝一咳嗽就用镇咳药</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;宝宝一咳嗽就用镇咳药，这是不正确的。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;与成年人不一样，宝宝咳嗽都会夹杂着痰液。然而，小宝宝的呼吸道系统还没有发育完善，无法自己将痰液咳出体外，容易滞留痰液。如果父母在小宝宝一咳嗽就用镇咳药，会导致宝宝的痰液无法顺利咳出，大量滞留在支气管或喉咙里，造成宝宝的气管被痰液堵塞，恶化病情，甚至会引发肺部感染，导致更严重的疾病。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;因此，宝宝一咳嗽，先做的是祛痰，而不是用药。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;2、宝宝咳嗽先用消炎药</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;有的父母认为，咳嗽是呼吸道感染而引发发炎的，所以先用消炎药。这是不正确的。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;因为引发咳嗽的不仅仅是发炎，还有其他原因，如吸入异物引起的，过敏引起的等。再加上，消炎药过量使用，会给宝宝的脾胃和肾脏施压，有害无益。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;3、宝宝咳嗽可以用抗生素</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;咳嗽多是受到病毒感染而发炎，或者受到异物刺激而引发的。抗生素针对的确是细菌，对病毒无效。宝宝咳嗽滥用抗生素，只会加强了宝宝体内细菌的耐药性，还会对宝宝的身体产生副作用。当真正的病毒感染来临时，反而就会失去药物的疗效。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;4、宝宝咳嗽可以用成人止咳药</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;有的父母认为宝宝咳嗽可以用成人止咳药，只要减少剂量就可以的。这是不对的！</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;因为宝宝的身体机能和成人有很大的差别。成人止咳药的成分和剂量是根据成人的体能特点设计的，宝宝不适应，导致无法代谢，很容易会导致不良的后果。</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;因此，宝宝咳嗽，应该选择儿童专用的止咳药。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;5、宝宝使用中药止咳，副作用少</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;有的爷爷奶奶认为中药是传统的药方，副作用少，所以会经常给宝宝喂食。这是不正确的！</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;因为传统中医认为引起咳嗽的原理有很多，比如风寒、体虚、痰湿等。而宝宝咳嗽的原因很难用中药原理准确的分辨出来，因为这是一个长期的过程。而且，中医药也有不良作用，所以小宝宝不可以随便服用中药。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;6、一药百治</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;有的父母认为止咳药的成分差不多，只要剂量正确，什么牌子无所谓。这是不对的！</span><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;不同的止咳药是由不同的成分做成的，针对的症状也不完全相同，所以不可以胡乱服用止咳药。</span><br/><br/><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;7、用药不及时</span><br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp; &nbsp;宝宝刚咳嗽的时候，不发烧也没流鼻涕，父母就没重视，而拖延了治疗的时间。正确的做法应该是带宝宝到儿童医院诊治，在医生的叮嘱下适量及时用药。</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1431","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"12230","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家向您解答小儿咳嗽的危害","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px;\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">小儿咳嗽</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">不能绝对的说就一定有危害，一定是要看是什么原因引起的咳嗽，如果宝宝有痰，强制止咳反而不好。注意观察咳嗽的性质，咳嗽出现时间，一般晨起或晚上体位改变时咳嗽加剧，常为支气管扩张、慢性支气管炎。咳嗽的声音，痰的性质，一般引起咳嗽的疾病有：</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1517797531897.jpg\" title=\"专家向您解答小儿咳嗽的危害\" alt=\"专家向您解答小儿咳嗽的危害\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1.上、下呼吸道争慢性感染；</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">2.变太反应，如支气管哮喘；</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">3.异物及其它刺激，如气管异物或气候干燥、或寒冷，均可引起咳嗽。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">4.胸膜疾病，如胸膜炎或胸膜邻近器官压迫也可引起咳嗽。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">还有些孩子咳嗽的厉害，一般情况下多是由于孩子不肯喝水、体内缺少水分，引起嗓子发干上火导致的。要矫正孩子的不良习惯，鼓励孩子多喝水，多吃蔬菜水果，另外可以适当的吃些止咳药。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 5px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">找良医网温馨提示：如果不注重小儿咳嗽的症状的话，可能会造成慢性支气管炎，肺炎等问题的。咳嗽可能是感染引起的，积极的抗菌消炎，然后建议可以用梨冰糖川贝煮水喝，止咳效果很不错的。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1431","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"2279","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿咳嗽很厉害 在线急等 求助","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">男,9岁8个月。早晚及热了以后咳嗽厉害 舌苔发白 偶尔打喷嚏 流鼻涕</span>，<span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">因为在岛上 请问有什么对症的药物</span></p>","barId":"1431","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"2706","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿咳嗽十余日，夜间加重","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">5岁1个月。咳嗽10余天，无发热，无鼻涕，晚上咳嗽加重，影响睡眠。做了雾化吸入后咳嗽得更厉害，昨晚还因为咳嗽呕吐了。<span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">夜间咳嗽加重，喉间鸣痰，服药后症状无缓解。</span><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">先在家中自行服用了小儿咳喘口服液，头孢克洛干混悬剂，盐酸氨溴口服液，效果不明显，去医院检查后医生开药小儿消积止咳口服液，阿奇霉素干混悬剂，盐酸氨溴咀嚼片，雾化三天，效果不明显。&nbsp;</span></span></p>","barId":"1431","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"3575","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"发热性小儿咳嗽，可能就是肺炎","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img title=\"1486299933043.jpeg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486299933043.jpeg\" alt=\"mp47909481_1449812707881_2_th.jpeg\" /></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　&ldquo;儿科住院区这边本身只有</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">40</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">个床位，现在已经增加到</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">62</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">张，过道里都已经排满了。&rdquo;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">江都区人民医院的儿科副主任医师殷建翔告诉记者，这种病房床位紧缺的情形已经持续十来天，主要因为春季天气反复无常，气温变化幅度太大。住院区内，绝大多数都是肺炎患者，其中以婴幼儿肺炎患者居多，最小的患者只有</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">个月大。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　<strong>感冒引发小儿肺炎频发</strong></span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">20</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">楼儿科住院区的过道里，赵奶奶陪患肺炎的孙女在医院已呆了五天，一个星期前，孩子在扬州市医院的门诊挂了三天水，高烧迟迟未退，反倒愈发严重。&ldquo;在家的时候（体温）</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">39</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">度</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">，挂了几天水，反升到了</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">40</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">度。&rdquo;赵奶奶听从医师安排，让孩子住院，却被告知床位已满，只好回到江都，也只有被安排在过道里的床位。&ldquo;才来的时候，一天挂</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">12</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">个小时的水，现在一天挂</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">瓶水，体温是稳定了，但医生说肺部发炎很严重，还要再挂一个星期的水。&rdquo;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　&ldquo;大人生病就算了，这么点大的孩子生病住院，真叫人心疼。&rdquo;年轻妈妈孙女士最近烦透了神，</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">4</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">岁的女儿一个星期前突然感冒高烧，后来诊断是得了肺炎。&ldquo;孩子稍微有点咳嗽，一家子就害怕，赶紧去诊所里吊水，看见温度不对就直接上扬州。&rdquo;孙女士告诉记者，女儿所在的幼儿园班上，不少孩子都得了肺炎。和孙女士的孩子同一个病房的同年龄段的孩子，大多都因为感冒咳嗽而引发肺炎。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　<strong>区分小儿感冒和肺炎</strong></span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　在儿科门诊室里，家长黄女士说，十几天前她得了感冒，传染给了</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">8</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">个月大的女儿楠楠。起初，楠楠只是有点鼻塞，过了两天就开始咳嗽，还发起了低烧。又过了两天，变得痰多、呼吸急促。黄女士带女儿去看了中医，吃药后的第一天症状有所缓解，第二天又突然加重，女儿喘息不止。去了区人民医院，医生诊断楠楠已经由上呼吸道感染转为肺炎，需要入院观察治疗。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　&ldquo;两岁以内的小孩子特别容易得肺炎，这么小的孩子的免疫功能还没有发育健全，抵抗力较弱。如果家长感冒，又跟孩子过于亲密，很容易传染给孩子。&rdquo;区人民医院儿科副主任医师马琴告诉记者，很多缺乏经验的年轻家长，因为分不清感冒和肺炎，误以为孩子只是得了感冒，从而耽误了最佳治疗期。马主任提起前阵子，一位年轻妈妈带着两个月大的孩子来就诊，孩子在家已经咳嗽了快一个月，一直被当做感冒咳嗽，送来医院时被检查出是较严重的肺炎。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　到底如何区分感冒和肺炎？&ldquo;肺炎与感冒的区别在于发烧时间的长短，正常感冒发烧持续两三天左右，肺炎相对持续较长。早期上呼吸道感染容易引起下呼吸道感染，如果超过一定时间就容易引发肺炎，就很容易从上呼吸道感染演变成肺炎。&rdquo;马主任解释说，肺炎属于呼吸道疾病的一种，初期表现为发热、咳嗽、胸闷气急等，这看起来和感冒的症状差不多。事实上，由于肺炎初期症状类似于感冒，很多人便会当作感冒来处理，如果感冒得不到及时医治，就容易转化为肺炎，加重病情。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　注意防寒保暖，预防感冒</span></strong></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　一般来说，人们在疲劳、受凉、身体抵抗力下降时更容易患肺炎，因此预防肺炎的关键是要增强体质、预防感冒。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\";margin-bottom: 0; line-height: 21px; background: white;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">　　殷主任建议，春季日常生活中要特别注意防寒保暖，孩子的穿着不能太捂，更也不能贪凉，要注意随气候变化随时增减衣物；春季适合外出郊游，但有过敏体质，尤其是哮喘体质的孩子，尽量不要接触花粉；抵抗力较弱的小孩，应尽量避免到公共场所或人多的地方去，如果要出门的话，一定要做一些防护，比如戴口罩，以减少灰尘、细菌的吸入。同时，要保持适宜的居室温度和湿度，并经常开窗、通风，以保持空气新鲜。</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1431","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"1815","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿咳嗽来回反复好不了，难道又要输液吗？","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486297804026.gif\" title=\"1486297804026.gif\" alt=\"20130114023902264.gif\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\"></span><br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 白露之后，昼夜温差增大，很多患儿出现咳嗽症状，有的重，有的轻，有的伴流涕、鼻塞，有的出现喘息。很多家长到我这里看病，抱怨的第一件事情就是：我家宝宝咳嗽都1个月了，吃药时好时坏，是不是需要输液啊？家长焦急的心情我完全理解，因为诊断有问题，所以处理有问题，处理有问题，所以疗效自然不理想。</span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; text-decoration: underline;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">我要提醒家长的是：不是所有疾病都需要输液治疗，输液更不是治疗疾病的终极手段！</strong></span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 咳嗽是一种神经反射，是呼吸系统疾病的主要症状。咳嗽有利于排出气道的分泌物和病原微生物，有清理呼吸道的积极作用；但咳嗽也影响患者的休息和生活，更重要的是可以引起气道炎症的扩散，持久剧烈的咳嗽还消耗体力，并可引起肺泡壁弹性组织的破坏，诱发<a href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiqizhong.htm\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: none;\">肺气肿</a>。<a href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/feiyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: none;\">肺炎</a>、支气管炎和气道异物引起的咳嗽，这里不作太多解释，下面就我临床工作中发现的非特异性慢性咳嗽患者的处理心得与大家分享一下。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">首先介绍一下基本知识：1、什么叫儿童慢性咳嗽？ 2、哪些原因可以引起慢性咳嗽？</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">儿童慢性咳嗽是指病程四周以上，以咳嗽为主要或唯一表现的咳嗽，且胸片未见明显异常者。引起儿童慢性咳嗽的原因有哪些呢？回答这个问题，比较复杂，因为原因太多，但就最常见的原因（<strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">前三位</strong>）是（1）咳嗽变异性哮喘CVA（2）上气道咳嗽综合征UACS（3）感染后咳嗽PIC。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">几种非特异性慢性咳嗽的临床特点和诊断思路</span></p><table width=\"593\"><tbody style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><tr class=\"firstRow\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;\"><td width=\"54\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">原因</span></p></td><td width=\"539\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">临床表现和诊断线索</span></p></td></tr><tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;\"><td width=\"54\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">咳嗽</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">变异</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">性哮</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">喘</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">CVA</span></p></td><td width=\"539\" valign=\"top\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（1）持续咳嗽＞4周，通常为干咳，常夜间和（或）清晨发作，运动、遇冷空气后咳嗽加重，临床上无感染征象或经过较长时间抗菌药物治疗无效；</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（2）支气管舒张剂诊断性治疗后咳嗽症状明显缓解；</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（3）肺通气功能正常，支气管激发试验提示气道高反应；</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（4）有过敏性疾病史，以及过敏性疾病阳性家族史。过敏源检测阳性可协助诊断；</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（5）除外其他疾病引起的慢性咳嗽。</span></p></td></tr><tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;\"><td width=\"54\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">上气</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">道咳</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">嗽综</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">合征</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">UACS</span></p></td><td width=\"539\" valign=\"top\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（1）持续咳嗽＞4周，伴有白色泡沫痰（过敏性<a href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/biyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: none;\">鼻炎</a>）或黄绿色脓痰(鼻窦炎)，咳嗽以晨起或体位变化时为甚，伴有鼻塞、流涕、咽干并有异物感和反复清咽等症状；</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（2）咽后壁滤泡明显增生，有时可见鹅卵石样改变，或见粘液样或脓性分泌物附着；</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（3）抗组胺药、白三烯受体拮抗剂和鼻用糖皮质激素对过敏性<a href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/biyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: none;\">鼻炎</a>引起的慢性咳嗽有效，化脓性<a href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/biyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: none;\">鼻炎</a>引起慢性咳嗽需要抗菌药物治疗2-4周</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（4）鼻咽喉镜检查、头颈部侧位片、鼻窦X线片或CT片可有助于诊断。</span></p></td></tr><tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;\"><td width=\"54\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">感染</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">后咳</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">嗽</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">PIC</span></p></td><td width=\"539\" valign=\"top\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（1）近期有明确的呼吸道感染病史</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（2）咳嗽持续＞4周，呈刺激性干咳或伴有少许白色粘痰</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（3）胸片检查无异常或显示双肺纹理增多</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（4）肺通气功能正常，或呈现一过性气道高反应</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（5）咳嗽通常有自限性，如果咳嗽时间超过8周，应考虑其他诊断</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（6）排外其他原因的慢性咳嗽</span></p></td></tr><tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;\"><td width=\"54\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">过敏</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">性咳</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">嗽</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">AC</span></p></td><td width=\"539\" valign=\"top\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（1）咳嗽持续＞4周，呈刺激性干咳</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（2）肺通气功能正常，支气管激发试验阴性</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（3）咳嗽感受器敏感性增高</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（4）有其它过敏性疾病病史，变应原皮试阳性，血清总IgE和（或）特异性IgE升高</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（5）排外其他原因</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">**我参考最新版《儿童慢性咳嗽诊疗指南》 ，将临床上较常见的四种引起慢性咳嗽的疾病以表格形列出来，便于家属自行对照。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">其实不难看出，门诊被医生诊断为“支气管炎”疗效不佳的患儿，其实大部分是被误诊的，事实证明，他们按照支气管炎用药，反复使用抗生素和止咳化痰药物也是无效的。那问题来了，你如何判断我家小孩是什么问题呢？你如何治疗呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">其实我就是通过详细询问病情，注意每个细节（如患儿发病年龄阶段、发病季节、咳嗽在24h内的好发时相、伴随症状等），按照每个小孩咳嗽的临床特点和诊断思路逐步筛选后，得出大致结论，完善相关检查，除外特殊感染和气道异物可能后，给予诊断性治疗，并通过病人反馈治疗效果，最终得出诊断结论的。值得注意的是，因我们医院尚不能完善所有的相关检查，所以诊断性治疗显得十分重要。对于慢性咳嗽患儿随访和再评估很重要，这也是我的一个经验。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">最后，我也以图表的形式简单介绍一下常见的相关疾病治疗方案。但是我还是强调三点：1、尽可能明确病因，才能对症下药（常规使用抗生素+止咳药物是专业儿科医生不负责任的做法）2、治疗后的随访和再评估十分重要，所以希望家属及时反馈治疗效果，便于调整治疗方案，也为医生的诊治水平提高提供经验。3、对慢性咳嗽患儿要注意去除或避免接触过敏原、烟雾等环境诱发和加重咳嗽的因素，所谓治病不如防病。</span></p><table><tbody style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><tr class=\"firstRow\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;\"><td width=\"130\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">疾病</span></p></td><td width=\"438\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">治疗方案</span></p></td></tr><tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;\"><td width=\"130\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">咳嗽变异性哮喘CVA</span></p></td><td width=\"438\" valign=\"top\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-break: break-all;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（1）可予以口服β2受体激动剂如丙卡特罗（美普清）、沙丁胺醇（舒喘灵）作诊断性治疗1-2周</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（2）可使用透皮吸收型β2受体激动剂妥洛特罗（喘舒），咳嗽症状缓解者则有助于诊断</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（3）一旦明确诊断CVA，则按哮喘长期规范治疗，选择吸入糖皮质激素、M受体阻断剂复方异丙托溴铵（可必特）、磷酸二酯酶抑制双羟丙茶碱（喘定）或/和口服白三烯受体拮抗剂孟鲁司特（顺尔宁），疗程至少8周</span></p></td></tr><tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;\"><td width=\"130\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">上气道咳嗽综合征UACS</span></p></td><td width=\"438\" valign=\"top\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-break: break-all;\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">据引起患儿慢性咳嗽的上气道不同疾病，采取不同方案</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（1）过敏性（变应性）<a href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/biyan.htm\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: none;\">鼻炎</a>：抗组胺西替利嗪、氯雷他定（开瑞坦）、鼻喷糖皮质激素治疗，或者联合鼻粘膜减充血剂（羟甲唑啉和赛洛唑啉）、白三烯受体拮抗剂治疗</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（2）鼻窦炎：给予抗菌药物治疗，可选择阿莫西林+克拉维酸钾、头孢丙烯、阿奇霉素等口服，疗程至少2周，辅以鼻腔灌洗，选用鼻腔局部减充血剂或祛痰药物治疗</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">（3）腺样体肥大：根据增殖体肥大程度，轻-中度者可鼻喷糖皮质</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">激素联用白三烯受体拮抗剂，治疗1-3个月并观察等待，无效可采取手术治疗</span></p></td></tr><tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;\"><td width=\"130\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">感染后咳嗽</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">PIC</span></p></td><td width=\"438\" valign=\"top\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">PIC通常具有自限性，症状严重者可考虑使用口服白三烯受体拮抗剂孟鲁司特（顺尔宁）或吸入糖皮质激素等治疗</span></p></td></tr><tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;\"><td width=\"130\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">过敏性咳嗽</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">AC</span></p></td><td width=\"438\" valign=\"top\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">主张使用二代抗组胺药物西替利嗪或氯雷他定，肥大细胞膜稳定剂如色甘酸钠，以及糖皮质激素治疗。</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;\">PS：激素也是药，具有强大的抗炎、抗毒、抗过敏作用。不难看出，在慢性咳嗽的治疗当中，经常会使用激素，无论是局部喷的，雾化吸入的，还是口服的，甚至静脉输注的。激素使用的原则是个体化，最小的有效剂量维持最佳的治疗效果。国外通过长期的对比研究，发现正规使用鼻喷激素以及雾化吸入的激素，不会引起受者生长发育受限。所以，有的家属谈激素色变，甚至完全拒绝使用，是完全没有必要的。只要在专业医生的指导下，正规使用激素，都是安全的！</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1431","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"9311","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"宝宝咳嗽呕吐怎么办","content":"<p style=\"margin: 4px 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1513306087048.jpg\" title=\"宝宝咳嗽呕吐怎么办\" alt=\"宝宝咳嗽呕吐怎么办\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">宝宝感冒咳嗽怎么办？小儿咳嗽呕吐怎么办？下面小编就为你详细介绍下。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">感冒是急性鼻炎的俗称，是由鼻病毒和冠状病毒引起的急性传染性鼻粘膜炎症。为小儿多发病、常见病，一年四季均有发病。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">发病初起时，鼻咽干燥不适，有灼热感，鼻痒、打喷嚏，宝宝总揉鼻子，</span>1～2天出现 鼻塞，流清水样鼻涕，3～5天后变为粘性或粘脓性涕。有的起病急，多有发热，体温高低不等，自38到40℃，精神差，烦躁不安。由于鼻塞、咽部不适影响睡眠，食欲下降。有的在病毒感染基础上，因机体抵抗力下降，平时存留在鼻咽部的细菌乘虚活跃繁殖而继发感染，会并发咽炎、中耳炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">护理方法</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">宝宝生病，家长应沉着冷静面对，细心观察呵护，感冒初期不要急于去医院以免交叉感染。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">只要宝宝精神好，玩得欢，吃睡如常，家长就应安排安静、舒适的环境，让宝宝充分休息，多喝白开水，调理好饮食以减轻胃肠负担。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">有鼻塞时应保持</span>45°坡度躺卧，抬高头面部。单侧鼻塞取侧卧位。及时清除鼻内分泌物，保持呼吸通畅。必要时于喂奶和睡前，可用温湿巾敷前额，或用0.5%麻黄素液滴鼻，每次一个鼻孔一滴。喂母乳的宝宝，可取50ml乳汁，放入3～5cm长的葱白，蒸10分钟，取出放置到适宜温度后，给宝宝服下，可起通鼻开窍之功效。切忌用滴鼻净，以免产生不良反应。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">发热是机体防御机制的一种表现，不宜急于退热。当体温在</span>37.5～38.5℃时，不必用药，休息好、多喝水；对有高热惊厥史的宝宝，体温达38℃时应用退热和镇静药；体温在39.5℃以上</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(1)应松解衣被，不可厚捂，以便散热。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(2)物理降温，可用温水浴(水温低于体温1～2度)或温湿巾擦浴。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">(3)药物降温，常用百服宁、泰诺、对乙酰氨基酚等。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin: 4px 0;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">特别提醒家长，成人常用的退热药</span>—阿斯匹林、感冒通、速效伤风感冒胶囊等不可给小孩用，以免诱发消化道出血、白血球和血小板减少或血尿。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1431","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"11434","isDel":0,"createAt":1516415719406,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"从专家角度看小儿咳嗽吃什么食物好","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">在日常生活中，孩子们是弱小群体，生病很容易，再加之小孩子的抵抗力比较弱，很容易就会患上感冒咳嗽，咳嗽时不宜吃冷饮或冷冻饮料。此时如饮食过凉，就容易造成肺气闭塞，症状加重，日久不愈。那么，孩子咳嗽的时候吃什么可以帮助缓解一下呢？找良医网带大家一起来学习一下：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1516416446619.jpg\" title=\"从专家角度看小儿咳嗽吃什么食物好\" alt=\"从专家角度看小儿咳嗽吃什么食物好\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">在水果中，首选是梨，因为梨本身，含有大量蛋白质、脂肪、钙、磷、铁和葡萄糖、果糖、苹果酸、胡萝卜素及多种维生素。此外，梨皮和梨花、叶、根也都可以入药，具有很好的清热、消痰、润肺、解毒等功效。对于燥热咳嗽、感冒咳嗽、麻疹咳嗽、气管炎咳嗽都有不错的效果。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">第二选择是枇杷，在本草纲目中，对于枇杷有这样的描述</span>“止渴下气，利肺气，止吐逆并渴痰。”可见枇杷对于小孩咳嗽，有非常好的缓解治疗效果。当然，枇杷最常见的吃法，就是去掉外面的皮，直接吃。但一定要把皮处理干净，因为上面非常脏。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">橘子也是很好的选择，橘子味甘酸，性凉，对于小孩，具有很好的开胃理气、止渴润肺的功效。当小孩咳嗽时，可以通过烤橘子，或者用锅，翻炒橘子。来让小孩食用，治疗咳嗽的效果，会更好些。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">找良医网温馨提示：如果孩子有不对劲的地方，还请各位家长一定注意，莫要大意，及早给孩子们检查！</span> 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