![\"强直性脊柱炎有哪些并发疾病\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511579061861.jpg\" "\\"强直性脊柱炎有哪些并发疾病\\"")
强直性脊柱炎带给患者的痛苦和危害非常大，这个病是种慢性疾病，所以患者要重视起来，在治疗时除了要及早采取有效的治疗措施外，也要注意做好日常护理预防。那么，强直性脊柱炎的预防措施有哪些呢?接下来一起来看一下。
\n1、注意防范风寒、潮湿：本病的成因，与风寒湿等外邪入侵有密切的关系，因此平时注意预防范风寒、潮湿等尤为重要，特别是在身体虚弱的时候。
\n并且当季节变化，气候剧变的时候，要及时增减衣服。夏日酷暑或炎夏分娩，不可挡风而卧;居处潮湿或梅雨季节，晴天宜经常暴晒，以祛潮气，天晴时更宜打开窗户，以通风去湿等等。在日常生活中注意避风、防寒、去湿，截其来路，是预防调养之良策。
\n2、坚持经常锻炼：坚持经常锻炼可以增强体质，提高御邪能力。因“痹者，闭也”，风寒湿邪内留滞，痹阻气血而成。通过活动肢体，使全身气血流畅，调节体内阴阳平衡，日久可达到增强体质，减少疾病的目的。
\n但锻炼时要注意根据自己的身体状况选择适当的活动方式，切勿一次运动量过大，用力过猛，必须循序渐进，贵在坚持，必要时可请医生或有关人员指导。此外，寒冷季节晨练不宜太早，免受风寒，对疾病不利。
\n3、保持精神愉快：疾病的发生于人的精神状态有密切的关系，因此，七情内伤可直接致病，亦可以，由七情内伤引起人体阴阳失调、气血亏损、抵抗力减弱，而易为外邪入侵。因此，避免情志过激或闷闷不乐、忧郁寡欢，保持精神愉快带来身体健康，正气内存，病安从来。
\n4、患者注意戒烟酒：强直性脊柱炎会减弱肺的功能，吸烟肯定会让这样的情况加重，使强直性脊柱炎患者的肺更容易收到感染，变的呼吸短促，如果患者是一个很强的烟民，还是戒掉最好。适量的酒对强脊炎患者是没有坏处的，但是，镇静药类的药物和酒一起使用对肠胃的影响不好，因此慎重些。
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强直性脊柱炎的病发率相当的高，会有很多的人出现强直性脊柱炎的症状，从而严重的危害到了患者的健康，希望大家可以将强直性脊柱炎警惕起来，该病的出现要注意进行相关的护理工作才行，下面带大家认识一下此病的护理措施有哪些呢。
\n强直性脊柱炎是一种慢性进行性疾病，在长时期患病的过程中，除药物及其它辅助治疗外，加强护理与患者的自我调理，对促进疾病好转及防止病变的发展，具有重要的意义，从中医角度考虑，重点有四个方面：避免复感外邪，气候潮湿及气温骤变，能加重患者的关节酸痛，生活于干燥、气候相对恒定的气候环境中最为有利;平日需注意保暖，避免受风寒及风吹雨淋;防止出汗过多而感受风寒。起居、活动与锻炼，中医强调人与自然的统一性，主张生活起居要适应四时季节的变化，适当的体力劳动及活动特别是在治疗的同时辅以腰部功能锻炼对早期患者尤为必要，对防止病变粘连、脊柱强直及肌肉萎缩等方面，有一定的作用。注意饮食，忌吃生冷饮食，应多吃营养丰富的食物，如牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉等。亦可捋黄芪、熟地、当归、枸杞子等药与肉等食物同煮来作为食疗(吃肉喝汤)等等。
\n情绪愉快乐观，乐观愉快的情绪是维持身体健康的必要条件之一，对于慢性病患者的影响尤为明显。古人甚至提出：\"善医者先医其心，而后医其身\"，强调了精神治疗的重要性。中医认为，\"思虑伤脾\"，终日为病痛而忧心重重，会损伤脾胃而影响其消化、吸收功能，并可导致\"心神失养\"而出现失眠、多梦等症候，影响休息，均不利于患者的康复。清代程国彭在<<医学心悟>>一书中指出：\"病家误，苦忧思，忧思郁欲何之\"，提出\"常捋不如已者比\"，是解脱因病魔缠身而致情绪苦闷的一种方法;有战胜疾病的信心和决心;培养多方面的兴趣爱好;参加一些力所能及、病情许可的工作或社会活动等等都是使情绪保持乐观愉快的有效方法。
\n辛热食品：具有抗风湿祛寒邪的作用，如辣椒、葱、花椒、大蓼、茴香、大蒜等。现代药理研究证明大蒜有杀菌、抗病毒等作用，适当进食可预防病毒感染及肠道感染。豆类食品，大豆、黑豆、黄豆等，含有丰富的蛋白质和微量元素，它有促进肌肉、骨骼、关节、肌腱的代谢，帮助修复病损的作用。可治疗以湿重为主的风湿骨痛，对身体沉重、关节不利、筋脉拘挛或麻木不仁、关节肿痛而重着不适的风湿病，效果较好。黑豆又名乌豆、冬豆子，又可治疗风湿疼痛，经验方用黑豆炒至半焦泡人黄酒，治疗关节酸痛有效。
\n强直性脊柱炎的饮食护理3、果实食品：栗子有补肾、强筋健骨的作用，对筋骨、经络、风湿痹痛或腰膝无力极为有益。中医认为强直性脊柱炎是由肾虚引起筋骨、肌肉、关节的病损。服时可生食、熟食，久服必强筋、健骨、补肾。将板栗捣烂敷患处可治筋骨肿痛;新鲜栗叶捣烂外敷，也能减轻关节、肌肉、皮肤的炎症。青梅有生津止渴、涩肠止痢的作用，对强直性脊柱炎病人有益处，凡风湿骨痛、腰痛、关节痛均可用青梅酒擦患处，可起到止痛效果。乌梅是梅的干燥或未成熟果实，对风湿痛也有卓效，乌梅酸甘可敛阴，酸又人肝，肝得滋养，对关节、筋骨的疼痛、拘挛有缓解作用。桑椹、樱桃也可治疗风湿病。
\n","barId":"1913","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"8227","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"强直性脊柱炎有哪些并发疾病","content":"
AS可侵犯全身多个系统，并发多种疾病：
1.心脏病变：以主动脉瓣病变较为常见，据尸检发同约25%AS病例有主动脉根部病变，心脏受累在临床上可无症状，亦可有明显表现。临床有不同程度主动脉瓣关闭不全者约1%;约8%发生心脏传导阻滞，可与主动脉瓣关闭不全同时存在单独发生，严重者因完全性房室传导阻滞而发生阿一斯综合征。当病变累及冠状动脉口时可发生心绞前。少数发生主动脉瘤、心包炎和心肌炎。合并心脏病的AS病人，一般年龄较大，病史较长，脊柱炎及外周关节病变较多，全身症状较明显。Gould等检查21例AS病人心功能，发现AS病人的心功能明显低于对照组。
2.眼部病变：长期随房，25%AS病人有结膜炎、虹膜炎、眼色素层炎或葡萄膜炎，后者偶可并发自发性眼前房出血。虹膜炎易复发，病情越长发生率愈高，但与脊柱炎的严重程度无关，有周围关节病者常见，少数可先于脊柱炎发生。眼部疾病常为自限性，有时需用皮质激素治疗，有的未经恰当治疗可致青光眼或失明。
3.耳部病变：Gamilleri等报道42例AS病人中1/2例(29%)发生慢性中耳炎，为正常对照的4倍，而且，在发生慢性中耳炎的AS病人中，其关节外明显多于无慢性中耳炎的AS病人。
4.肺部病变：少数AS病人后期可并发上肺叶斑点状不规则的纤维化病变，表现为咳痰、气喘、甚至咯血，并可能伴有反复发作的肺炎或胸膜炎。X线检查显示双侧肺上叶弥漫性纤维化，可有囊肿形成与实质破坏，类似结核，需加以鉴别。
5.神经系统病变：由于脊柱强直及骨质疏松，易使颈椎脱位和发生脊柱骨折，而引起脊髓压迫症;如发生椎间盘炎则引起剧烈疼痛;AS后期可侵犯马尾，发生马尾综合征，而导致下肢或臀部神经根性疼痛;骶神经分布区感染丧失，跟腱反射减弱及膀胱和直肠等运动功能障碍。
6.淀粉样变：为AS少见的并发平。有报道35例AS中，常规直肠粘膜活检发现3例有淀粉样蛋白的沉积，大多没有特殊临床表现。
7.肾及前列腺病变：与RA相比，AS极少发生肾功能损害，但有发生IgAD肾病的报告。AS并发慢性前列腺炎较对照组增高，其意义不明。
","barId":"1913","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"3211","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"患强直性脊柱炎10年","content":"
本人23岁患强直性脊柱炎10年，曾用一种偏方治好过但，小时候不注意，治好了又犯治好了又犯，现在已经联系不上那个大夫了，现身体状况不好，颈椎，胸椎附近，还有腰椎，膝盖，脚都有疼痛，去年在长春医大发现身体某个部位正在愈合长死。
","barId":"1913","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"1523","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"强直性脊柱炎护理措施","content":"意见建议：一、养成良好的饮食习惯强直性脊柱炎患者饮食要有规律、注意卫生。暴饮暴食、食不洁食物会增加肠道疾病的机会，增加强直性脊柱炎的发病和加重病情。二、多食以下食物 a、豆类食品：豆类食品含有丰富的蛋白质和微量元素，它有促进肌肉、骨骼、关节、肌腱的代谢，帮助修复病损的作用，如：大豆、黑豆、黄豆等。可治疗以湿重为主的风湿骨痛，对身体沉重、关节不利、筋脉拘挛或麻木不仁、关节肿痛而重着不适的风湿病，效果较好。黑豆又名乌豆、冬豆子，又可治疗风湿疼痛，经验方用黑豆炒至半焦泡人黄酒，治疗关节酸痛有效。 b、果实食品：中医认为强直性脊柱炎是由肾虚引起筋骨、肌肉、关节的病损，而果实食品对筋骨、经络、风湿痹痛或腰膝无力极为有益。
","barId":"1913","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"3740","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"各个时期强直性脊柱炎有哪些症状","content":"说到强直性脊柱炎可能大家不是很了解，但这个病使不少患者在平时生活中承受很大痛苦，谈到强直性脊柱炎的症状也有不同的见解。然而，各个时期强直性脊柱炎有哪些症状呢?下面，为大家详细的介绍一下。
\n早期：以腰、骶部位的疼痛，并伴有腰背部的僵硬感居多，这种僵硬感以晨起最为明显，经过活动后尚可减轻，也有以膝、足跟、坐骨神经痛起病的。因此，如果在12—30算的青年男性，发生腰骶、髋关节部位的持续性或间接性疼痛，同时并伴有腰部僵硬感和弯腰、下蹲受限。
\n中期：有下背部或腰骶部疼痛，腰脊晨起僵硬，自腰骶部上升性蔓延性疼痛加剧、脊柱活动受限、僵硬、疲劳、乏力、气短、面色淡白、消瘦。
\n晚期：有腰骶部疼痛加重、脊柱疼痛严重、并伴有全身关节疼痛，疼痛呈持续性不间断疼痛，全身无力，消瘦，肌肉萎缩或部分消失，脏器功能下降表现为驼背，脊柱活动功能消失，严重畸形弯曲，这时候治疗是很困难的，会留下后遗症。
\n强直性脊柱炎的症状，由此可以看出，强直性脊柱炎这种疾病在各个阶段的症状特征都是不一样的，而这为我们在治疗方面也提供了一些帮助，我们可以根据以上的这些症状特征来确定病情的发展程度，当然关于病情发展的最终定论我们也要到医院去听从医生的分析。
\n另外，强直性脊柱炎很多患者腰痛、关节痛时首先会到骨科或疼痛门诊就诊,由于他们大多会继发骨质增生或椎间盘退变等,医生往往以为找到了病根,而忽视对骶髂关节的检查,致使一些患者治疗走弯路,轻病拖重,甚至丧失了治疗时机。
\n需要提醒的是，如发生腰骶、髋关节部位的持续或间歇性疼痛,同时腰部有僵硬感(以晨起最明显,活动后可减轻),弯腰、下蹲受限,或发生不明原因的单侧膝关节、足跟和跖趾等小关节肿痛时,都应警惕是否患有强直性脊柱炎,及早到医院风湿科排查。
\n","barId":"1913","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"1632","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"强直性脊柱炎的危害有哪些","content":"
我们大家都知道，不管是对于任何一种疾病，只有做到早发现，早治疗，把握最佳的治疗时间才能够将这种疾病所带来的危害降到最低，从而让自己尽快的恢复健康的人生，对于强直性脊柱炎这种疾病也不例外，那么强直性脊柱炎疾病的危害有哪些?
\n强直性脊柱炎疾病的危害有哪些?主要有以下几点：
\n1、累及髋关节是强直性脊柱炎的危害之一，造成股骨头内纤维组织大量增生，导致关节软骨面受到长期的压力，软骨营养障碍而发生破坏、变薄，最后消失。
\n2、强直性脊柱炎患者普遍都伴有骨质疏松，以椎体改变比较明显，并且多伴有骨质增生、韧带骨化和骨关节硬化等，一般常常是骨质增生和骨质疏松同时并存，以脊柱各椎体表现最为明显。强直性脊柱炎晚期有少数患者马尾神经受损出现慢性进行性马尾神经综合征。
\n3、眼损害也是患上强直性脊柱炎疾病的危害之一，是最常见的关节外表现，以急性葡萄膜炎和急性虹膜炎多见，也可发生急性结膜炎，如治疗不当或延误治疗，也可发生视力障碍。
\n4、强直性脊柱炎也会导致肩关节强直。肩关节活动受限主要来源于肿胀，它会影响患者梳头、抬手等日常活动。
\n5、强直性脊柱炎对髋关节的影响是最为普遍的。临床调查发现：髋关节强直的患者共占强直性脊柱炎中晚期的60%以上。髋部疼痛剧烈，其部分表现为臀部、腹股沟部位、大腿内侧部位疼痛，继续发展髋关节活动功能受限，髋关节周围肌肉萎缩，最后髋关节出现骨性强直。
\n6、强直性脊柱炎的危害不仅体现在对患者情绪的影响，还会造成患者的心脏病变。以主动脉瓣病变较为常见，据尸检发同约25%的强直性脊柱炎病例中，有主动脉根部病变，心脏受累在临床上可无症状，亦可有明显表现。
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![\"专家向您解答](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511578566903.png\" "\\"专家向您解答")
AS的病因目前尚未完全阐明，大多认为遗传、感染、免疫环境因素等有关。
1.遗传 遗传因素在AS的发病中具有重要作用。据流行病学调查，AS病人HLA-B27阳性率高达90%～96%，而普通人群HLA-B27阳性率仅4%～9%;HLA-B27阳性者AS发病率约为10%～20%，而普通人群发病为1‰～2‰，相差约100倍。有报道，AS一组亲属患AS的危险性比一般人高出20～40倍[12]，国内调查AS一级亲属患病率为24.2%，比正常人群高出120倍。HLA-B27阳性健康者，亲属发生AS的机率远比HLA-B27阳性AS病人亲属低。所有这些说明HLA-B27在AS发病中是一个重要因素。
但是应当看到，一方面HLA-B27阳性者并不全部都发生脊柱关节病，另一方面约有5%～20%脊柱关节病病人检测HLA-B27呈阴性，提示除遗传因素外，还有其他因素影响AS的发病，因此HLA-B27在AS表达中是一个重要的遗传因素，但并不是影响本病的唯一因素。有几种假设可以解释HLA-B27与脊柱关节病的关节：①HLA-B27充当一种感染因子的受体部位;②HLA-B27是免疫应答基因的土改的，决定对环境激发因素的易感性;③HLA-B27可与外来抗原交叉反应，从而诱导产生对外来抗原的耐受性;④HLA-B27增强中性白细胞活动性。籍助单克隆抗体、细胞毒性淋巴细胞、免疫电泳及限制片段长度多形态法(restriction fragment length polymorphism)，目前已确定HLA-B27约有7种或8种亚型[1]。HLA-B27阳性的健康者与脊柱病病人可能有遗传差别，例如所有HLA-B27个体都有一个恒定的HLA-B27M1抗原决定簇，针对此抗原决定簇的抗体可与HLA-B27交叉反应。多数HLA-B27分子还有M2抗原决定簇。HLA-B27M2阴性分子似乎比其他HLA-B27亚型与AS有更强的联系，尤其是亚洲人，而HLA-B27M2阳性亚型可能对Reiter综合征的易感性增强。现已证明，HLA-B27M1与M2两种抗原决定簇和致关节因素绍克雷白菌、志贺杆菌和那尔森菌能发生交叉反应。反应低下者似乎多表现为AS，反应增强者则发展为反应性关节炎或Reiter综合征。
2.感染 近年来研究提示AS发病率可能与感染相关。Ebrimger等发现AS病人大便中肺炎克雷白菌检出率为79%，而对照组<30%;在AS活动期中肠道肺炎克雷白菌的携带率及血清中针对该菌的IgA型抗体滴度均较对照组高，且与病情活动呈正相关。有人提高克雷白菌属与HLA-B27可能有抗原残期间交叉反应或有共同结构，如HLA-B27(宿主抗原残基72至77)与肺为克雷白菌(残基188至193)其有同源性氧基酸序列，其他革兰阴怀菌是否有抗体与这种合成的肽序列结合，HLA-B27阳性AS病人有29%，而对照组仅5%[15]。Mason等统计，83%男性AS病人合并前列腺炎，有的作者发现约6%溃疡性结肠炎合并AS;其他报道也证实，AS的病人中溃疡性结疡炎和局限性肠炎发生率较普通人群高许多，故推测AS可能与感染有关。Romonus则认为可能盆腔感染经淋巴途径播散到骶髂关节，再经脊柱静脉丛播散到脊柱，但在病变部位未能找到感染原(细菌或病毒)。
3.自身免疫 有人发现60%AS病人血清补体增高，大部分病例有IgA型类湿因子，血清C4和IgA水平显著增高，血清中有循环免疫复合物(CIC)，但抗原性质未确定。以上现象提示免疫机制参与本病的发病。
4.其它 创伤、内分泌、代谢障碍和变态反应等亦被疑为发病因素。总之，目前本病病因未明，尚无一种学说能完满解释AS的全部表现，很可能在遗传因素的基础上的受环境因素(包括感染)等多方面的影响而致病。
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强直性脊柱炎是很常见的一个疾病，很多患者会表现出来严重的腰背部疼痛，甚至也会觉得有一些僵硬感，脊柱活动起来也会有一些受限的情况，一旦发作起来就需要考虑一些具体的问题，比如强直性脊柱炎会不会给患者带去严重的危害呢？
\n强直性脊柱炎发作危害有什么危害呢?
\n生活质量方面：强直性脊柱炎严重影响人们的生活质量，如不及时治疗，达到一定程度时则会造成残疾，强直性脊柱炎影响了患者生活的各各方面。强直性脊柱炎不仅影响了自已的生活，而且还影响了自已的家人，患有强直性脊柱炎的人，在生活上比较难以自理，如果不及时冶疗还会造成严重的残疾，而且在夫妻方面还会受到影响，强直性脊柱炎患者由于脊柱、关节畸形的发生，会对性生活造成一定的影响。
\n在生育方面：由于强直性脊柱炎具有一定的家族遗传性，对生育也会造成一定的影响。但由于强直性脊柱炎是多种病因所致的疾病，遗传只是其中的一个病因，并不是影响本病的惟一因素。也就是说强直性脊柱炎病人对下一代小孩子遗传可能性只有15%——25%之间。患者如果想要小孩，最好在提前半年或更长时间停用对小孩有害的药物。
\n在妇女分娩方面：由于强直性脊柱炎的耻骨联合多数出现侵蚀性软骨炎性病理改变，强直性脊柱炎初期耻骨联合关节软骨炎性坏死，坏死骨组织吸收， 强直性脊柱炎晚期骶髂关节融合，耻骨联合融合，这样会造成妇女分娩时骨盆骨缝无法打开，分娩困难，产生严重的影响。
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