脓胸就是病菌侵入胸膜腔，产生脓性渗出液积聚于胸膜腔内的化脓性感染。脓胸按病理发展过程可分为急性和慢性。按致病菌则可分为化脓性、结核性和特异病原性脓胸。脓胸患者的预防比治疗更重要，脓胸患者预防病情恶化应注意以下几点。
\n1、控制感染
\n根据病原菌及药敏试验选用有效足量的抗菌素，以静脉给药为好，观察疗效并及时调整药物和剂量。
\n2、排除脓液
\n排出脓液是脓胸治疗的关键。一岁以下的婴幼儿可用穿刺及胸腔内注入抗菌素治疗，多可获得满意效果。年龄再大的患者，应尽早施行胸腔闭式引流，排尽脓液，促使肺早日膨胀，必须注意选用质地、口径合适的引流管，以保证引流通畅有效。
\n胸膜腔受化脓性病原体感染，产生脓性渗出液积聚，称为脓胸。按病变范围分为全脓胸和局限性脓胸。脓胸的治疗原则包括控制感染、排除脓液、全身支持治疗三个方面。脓胸患者有哪些饮食原则，下面专家介绍脓胸患者的饮食原则。
\n1、宜多食各种新鲜水果、蔬菜，进低脂肪、低胆固醇食品，如：香菇、木耳、芹菜、豆芽、海带、鱼肉、兔肉、鸡肉、鲜豆类等。脓胸患者常可食银耳、豆腐、蜂蜜、梨、鱼腥草、大蒜等，会给病体带来一定的好处，以增强体质。
\n2、宜多食干豆类及其制品。
\n3、鼓励患者进食饮水注意补充电解质，宜多喝些汤类如冰糖蒸银耳、橘叶汁、马齿觅甜膏、双冬百部炖豆腐等。
\n4、病情危重体质虚弱的患者应给予静脉补液，必要时输入静脉营养、血浆、白蛋白或少量多次输入新鲜血，以纠正贫血并增强抵抗力，促进早日恢复。
\n5、宜选用植物油，不用动物油，少吃辣椒、生蒜等刺激性食物或辛辣食品。
\n6、急、慢性脓胸病人均伴营养消耗，呈负氮平衡状态，应静脉给予多次、少量输注血液或血蛋白，同时饮食中应富含高热量、高维生素及高蛋白质，以增强机体抵抗力，促进康复。
\n7、脓胸患者平时要注意预防感染，禁烟酒，同时在饮食上要加强营养增强身体免疫力，睡眠要充足，合理休息，多去户外散心，以保持愉快的心情。
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脓胸疾病出现以后，患者的体温一般都会升高，让患者的一些生命体征发生变化，因此这种疾病需要很的护理方式，这样才能够让疾病得到更快的康复，也可以避免病情恶化，接下来让专家介绍一下，脓胸患者的护理方式有哪些。
\n（一） 保持引流系统密闭
\n使用前应仔细检查引流装置的密闭性；水封瓶长玻璃管没入水中3-4CM，并始终保持直立；胸壁引流管口周围用油纱布包盖严密；更换引流瓶时，应双重钳夹引流管，以防空气进入胸膜腔。
\n（二） 保持引流通畅
\n观察水柱波动情况（正常上下波动4-6CM），定时挤压引流管，防止其受压、折曲、阻塞；若有阻塞，应报告医生，并协助处理。
\n（三） 妥善固定
\n将胸腔引流管用别针固定在床单上，保持足够的长度，以免翻身时牵拉导管引起疼痛或使导管脱出。
\n（四） 观察引流液的量及性状
\n若引流量多，且色鲜红，提示有活动性出血，应报告医生。
\n（五） 每日更换引流瓶一次，引流瓶内需放置一定量的无菌生理盐水。
\n脓胸患者的治疗还需要我们不断地总结临床知识，因为只有我们总结了脓胸的治疗我们才会深入的了解患者，不断地给予脓胸患者一定的护理和治疗，再者还需要及时的观察我们的治疗和护理的效果，及时的给予疾病的评估和诊断。
\n通过以上的介绍现在大家已经清楚的了解了脓胸患者的护理方式有哪些了吧。脓胸疾病出现以后，经常会引发肺炎，脓胸疾病就是肺炎的一些前期表现症状，因此及时的治好脓胸疾病对于肺炎的预防， 可以起到非常有效的效果，专家在文章中对于脓胸疾病的治疗方式，给出了详细的介绍，希望能对患者的病情起到，很好的帮助。
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女,65岁。症状是：咳嗽，少痰，无力，走路就喘，特别想睡觉，只能仰卧睡觉，侧身就咳嗽。
膝盖酸，有时候发烧38.2
是不是肺癌晚期
","barId":"1686","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"2972","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"传导阻滞 心脏漏拍","content":"女,26岁。心脏传导阻滞 现在偶发性心脏停跳漏拍 喘不过气 胸闷
想知道是什么原因 要不要去检查 会可能是什么病
","barId":"1686","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"2269","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"气胸有哪些症状","content":"气胸有哪些症状？在我们日常生活中比较常见的一种疾病，但是许多人对此疾病都不怎么了解，气胸的发病通常发病都比较急，也有的发病缓慢一些，发病慢的患者有时候甚至没有感觉到什么不适的症状。有些病人在发病前可能会由于用力咳嗽、持重物、屏气或者剧烈活动而诱发了气胸，症状的轻重还要根据病人病情发展的快慢、病人肺部的萎缩情况、肺部的原发疾病以及患者本身的心肺功能等来决定。下面我们就来给大家详细的介绍一下气胸会有哪些症状。
\n气胸发病的常见症状
\n1、呼吸困难
\n气胸发作时病人均有呼吸困难，其严重程度与发作的过程、肺被压缩的程度和原有的肺功能状态有关。在年轻的呼吸功能正常的病人，可无明显的呼吸困难，即使肺被压缩>80%，亦仅能在活动时稍感胸闷，而在患有慢性阻塞性肺气肿的老年病人，肺被轻度压缩就有明显的呼吸困难。急性发作的气胸，症状可能更明显，而慢性发作的气胸，健侧肺脏可以代偿性膨胀，临床症状可能会较轻。
\n2、刺激性咳嗽
\n自发性气胸时偶有刺激性咳嗽。
\n3、胸痛
\n常在发生气胸当时出现突然尖锐性刺痛和刀割痛，与肺大疱突然破裂和肺被压缩的程度无关，可能与胸膜腔内压力增高、壁层胸膜受牵张有关。疼痛部位不肯定，可局限在胸部，亦可向肩、背、上腹部放射。明显纵隔气肿存在时，可出现持续的胸骨后疼痛。疼痛是气胸病人最常见的主诉，而且在轻度气胸时，可能是惟一症状。
\n4、其他症状
\n气胸合并血气胸时，如出血量多，病人会心悸、血压低、四肢发凉等。
\n以上就是关于气胸的症状的介绍了，您是否都了解了呢？了解了之后，那么我们在日常生活中如果发现自己由以上症状，那么就应该及时的去医院进行诊断治疗，以免病情恶化，最后祝您身体健康！
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急性脓胸疾病往往发病比较急，会导致患者措手不及，不知道该如何是好，这个疾病对于患者的危害也非常的大。相信肯定有很多人想了解急性脓胸是怎么引起的?因为只有了解了这些才能更好的去做对症治疗，那么下面我们就来看一下专家的具体介绍吧。
\n急性脓胸是怎么引起的
\n急性脓胸由化脓性细菌引起，常见的细菌是肺炎球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和粪链球菌。也可见于克雷白杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和溶血性流感杆菌等。如发生支气管胸膜瘘时，大多为混合性细菌感染。约40%～94%胸腔积液培养阳性者有厌氧菌感染。主要为拟杆菌和厌氧性链球菌和梭状芽孢杆菌等。
\n胸膜腔感染的主要途径有：
\n①肺部感染：系肺表面的小脓肿破裂，或化脓性病变直接侵及胸膜造成的。肺部感染病灶如肺炎直接侵犯胸膜或病灶破溃病菌直接进入胸腔，可产生急性脓胸。常见的致病菌有肺炎双球菌、链菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。小儿以金黄色葡萄球菌性脓胸为多见。其他常见的致病菌还有革兰阴性杆菌如大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、产气杆菌及沙门菌属等。结核杆菌和真菌比较少见。细菌可直接穿破胸膜进入胸膜腔。肺脓肿破溃往往产生脓气胸，甚至产生张力性脓气胸，可形成支气管胸膜瘘，而成为混合性感染。若有厌氧菌感染则形成腐败性脓胸，脓液含有坏死组织，并有恶臭气味。
\n②医源性脓胸：开胸手术、肺切除术后、胸腔穿刺、胸腔镜检查、经纤维支气管镜肺活检造成的支气管胸膜瘘、食管狭窄的扩张治疗和纤维食管镜检查造成的食管穿孔、肝脓肿或腹腔脓肿穿刺等造成胸膜腔感染引起脓胸。肺大泡破裂引起的自发性气胸多数并无感染，但在治疗过程中，如反复胸腔穿刺或长期闭式引流，则可能发生继发感染形成脓胸食管、气管、支气管和肺手术均为污染手术，并非无菌手术，如术后抗生素使用不当，仍可能发生感染，而形成脓胸，如果术后发生食管吻合口瘘或支气管残端瘘，则更容易发生脓胸。
\n③邻近部位的化脓性感染：纵隔炎、膈下脓肿、肝脓肿、化脓性心包炎、肾周脓肿、淋巴结脓肿、肋骨或椎骨骨髓炎等可直接侵蚀、穿破、或通过淋巴引流途径造成脓胸。
\n④外伤性脓胸：胸部外伤时致病菌，甚至一些异物如衣物碎片、骨片、弹头、刀尖等被带入胸腔，并残留在胸腔内，则很容易形成脓胸。如果外伤造成胸壁开放性伤口，或者损伤食管、支气管、肺等，使胸腔与外界相通，也会形成脓胸。系见于穿透性外伤后血肿感染所致，也见于胸壁开放伤、胸部闭合伤的血胸继发感染所致。
\n⑤血源性感染：婴幼儿或体弱者患败血症或脓毒血症时，致病菌经血循环达胸膜腔，产生脓胸，为全身脓毒血症的一部分。病情较重，预后不佳。
\n⑥其他：肺癌、纵隔畸胎瘤、支气管囊肿继发感染及破裂等也可造成脓胸。自发性食管破裂、纵隔畸胎瘤继发感染破入胸腔也是形成脓胸的原因。
\n关于脓胸疾病引起的原因就为大家介绍到这里，相信大家只要能够认真地去阅读上面的文章内容，一定要能够了解到急性脓胸产生的原因。这些原因能够帮助人们更好地做好对症治疗，以免陷入治疗的误区加大治疗的难度。
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结核菌感染胸腔的初期，发生急性炎变、充血、渗出，形成散在结核结节，胸腔积液为浆液性，含白细胞及纤维蛋白，经过段较长时间逐渐变为慢性结核性脓胸，纤维板厚而坚硬，并常有钙化。纤维板收缩使肋间隙变窄，肋骨变形呈截面三角形，肋间肌肉萎缩，脊柱凸向健侧。脓胸可以是局限性的或全脓胸。有时脓胸向肋间破溃，甚至侵犯肋骨，形成寒性脓肿或破出皮肤形成皮肤窦道，长期流脓不止。
\n结核性脓胸的临床表现很不一致，多数起病缓慢，以乏力、低热为主要症状，其次不盗汗、胸闷、干咳等，脓胸早期胸膜的吸收力较强，中毒症状较明显。如果积脓较多也可以出现气急、呼吸困难等症状。当发生支气管胸膜瘘时，会有刺激性咳嗽，同时咳脓痰与体位有关。健侧卧位时咳嗽及脓痰增加。如果因为支气管胸膜瘘而引起结核播散，中毒症状会非常明显，病情危重。合并感染后，高热、白细胞增多，症状同急性脓胸相似。
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