{"nowTime30":1780187111182,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"1.治疗原则\n对症治疗与治疗黏膜炎症反应相结合。\n\n2.阶梯式治疗方案\n避免接触过敏原，药物治疗，特异性免疫治疗，外科手术。\n\n（1）避免接触致敏原是治疗的首要条件“避”：避开一切过敏的吸入物、食物和接触物。“忌”：忌服一切致敏的食物和药物。&ldqu","keywords":"如何治疗过过敏性鼻炎_洞医","title":"如何治疗过过敏性鼻炎_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":null,"isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"realName":null,"certifiedStatus":0,"phone":null,"email":null,"hospitalId":null,"departmentId":null,"illName":null,"illId":null,"cardType":0,"cardImg":null,"idCardImg":null,"identityType":0,"stop":0,"departmentName":null,"hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1356","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430663331,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"小儿鼻炎","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"6979e0b6bb5f11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:小儿鼻炎论坛_病友论坛_病友交流平台，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿鼻炎论坛_病友论坛_病友交流平台\",\"title\":\"小儿鼻炎论坛_病友论坛_病友交流平台\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小孩子的鼻炎怎么治疗_小孩得了鼻炎怎么治等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小孩子的鼻炎怎么治疗_小孩得了鼻炎怎么治\",\"title\":\"小孩子的鼻炎怎么治疗_小孩得了鼻炎怎么治\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小孩子有鼻炎的症状_宝宝鼻炎的症状等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小孩子有鼻炎的症状_宝宝鼻炎的症状\",\"title\":\"小孩子有鼻炎的症状_宝宝鼻炎的症状\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小孩鼻炎会有什么影响_小儿鼻炎不治会怎么样等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小孩鼻炎会有什么影响_小儿鼻炎不治会怎么样\",\"title\":\"小孩鼻炎会有什么影响_小儿鼻炎不治会怎么样\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:宝宝有鼻炎的饮食注意什么_小儿鼻炎吃什么好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"宝宝有鼻炎的饮食注意什么_小儿鼻炎吃什么好\",\"title\":\"宝宝有鼻炎的饮食注意什么_小儿鼻炎吃什么好\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小孩鼻炎是怎么得的_小孩鼻炎是怎么引起的等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小孩鼻炎是怎么得的_小孩鼻炎是怎么引起的\",\"title\":\"小孩鼻炎是怎么得的_小孩鼻炎是怎么引起的\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:儿童鼻窦炎吃什么中药_小儿鼻炎该怎么治等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"儿童鼻窦炎吃什么中药_小儿鼻炎该怎么治\",\"title\":\"儿童鼻窦炎吃什么中药_小儿鼻炎该怎么治\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:小孩有鼻炎要注意什么_小孩鼻窦炎注意事项等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小孩有鼻炎要注意什么_小孩鼻窦炎注意事项\",\"title\":\"小孩有鼻炎要注意什么_小孩鼻窦炎注意事项\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:小儿鼻炎的症状及治疗、小孩鼻炎的症状有哪些、小孩鼻炎怎么治疗、宝妈们的治疗经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"小儿鼻炎的症状及治疗_小孩鼻炎的症状有哪些_小孩鼻炎怎么治疗\",\"title\":\"小儿鼻炎的症状及治疗_小孩鼻炎的症状有哪些_小孩鼻炎怎么治疗\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"1922","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"如何预防鼻炎","content":"

　　预防鼻炎的六个小常识

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　　1、鼻腔卫生

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　　想要预防鼻炎的发生首先就要注意鼻腔卫生，养成早晚洗鼻的良好卫生习惯。

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　　2、杜绝挖鼻

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　　你知道吗？有百分之三十的鼻炎患者都是因为挖鼻引起。如果想过预防慢性鼻炎那么就一定要改掉挖鼻的习惯。

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　　3、中草药预防

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　　感冒流行期间可服用荆芥、防风、板蓝根、生甘草等配成的中药，以减少发病机会。在冬天寒冷季节或感冒流行期间，外出须带口罩，避免公众集会，尽量少去公共场所，对发病者做好隔离工作。对污染的室内，可以白醋熏蒸空气消毒。

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　　4、锻炼身体

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　　预防鼻炎的最有效方法就是锻炼了。锻炼一般都会选择晨跑，游泳也是一个不错的选择。坚持晨跑，以增强身体的抗病能力，以免患有鼻炎的疾病。

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　　5、注意擤涕方法

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　　鼻塞多涕者，宜按塞一侧鼻孔，稍稍用力外擤。之后交替而擤。 鼻涕过浓时以盐水洗鼻，避免伤及鼻粘膜。

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　　6、饮食禁忌

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　　预防鼻炎首先就要戒掉烟酒，最后少吃一些辛辣食品。

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  　1．鼻窦炎的治疗分为全身及局部两类。全身治疗主要是使用抗生素，因为鼻窦炎多为细菌特别是化脓菌引起，所以使用抗生素十分必要，也是十分有效的。最好采用肌肉注射或静脉点滴。效果要比口服快。注意用药后的反应。

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　　2．局部治疗主要是引流脓液及局部滴药，常用的局部引流方法叫阴压法，要到医院去做。即用一种抽引装置将鼻腔的空气抽出，造成真空负压，从而使鼻腔内的脓液被引流出来。还可惜此负压引入药物，达到直接用药的目的。这种疗法每天一次，五天为一疗程，通常进行几个疗程之后，就会收到良好效果。家长要作好孩子思想工作与医生配合好，吸引时发出“开’、的声音。

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　　3．简易的局部治疗还属往鼻腔内滴药，这样药液可以直接接触鼻粘膜。从而充分发挥药效，操作也简单。

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　　4．滴鼻药如麻黄素等多有苦味，滴鼻时容易流到咽后部，病儿会感觉不适，所以滴药后都可用清水漱口，以清除咽部残留药液。

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　　5．麻黄素收缩血管，暂时减轻充血使鼻腔通畅，但因其还有后扩张作用。不久鼻堵又复出现，鉴于这种副作用，麻黄素不可多用，更不适合于小婴儿。

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　  6．房间内要通风换气，保持适当湿度。

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　  7．病儿病愈后游泳时不可使鼻腔进水，以防鼻窦炎复发。

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\"不可忽视的小儿过敏性鼻炎危害\"

在一年春的暖花开时，爸爸妈妈们会带着宝宝出门踏青游玩，却不想宝宝喷嚏打个不停。孩子患了过敏性鼻炎，可能造成诸多不良影响，家长们切不可忽视。下面就随着找良医网小编一起来看，小儿过敏性鼻炎可能引发的严重后果。

 

第一，失眠：

　　当宝宝患了过敏性鼻炎，鼻塞症状会长期伴随宝宝，使得宝宝不容易入睡，导致宝宝睡眠不良，从而引起宝宝在白天精神不济，注意力不集中。

 

　　第二，窒息：

　　宝宝患过敏性鼻炎时，鼻腔对经常被大量液体堵塞，当宝宝入睡时，嘴巴会习惯性地闭合，引起憋气，严重可导致窒息。

 

　　第三，嗅觉障碍：

　　宝宝在患过敏性鼻炎的期间，鼻粘膜水肿或鼻腔感染可能伤及嗅神经，导致嗅觉障碍。

 

　　第四，鼻出血：

　　当宝宝因患过敏性鼻炎而感到不适鼻痒时，会拿小手过多捏揉鼻腔，使得鼻粘膜损伤，从而导致鼻出血。

 

　　第五，鼻息肉：

　　宝宝的鼻腔粘膜因过敏性鼻炎导致的反复水肿，会引发鼻息肉的形成，阻塞鼻腔引起通气障碍。

 

　　第六，引发其他严重疾病：

　　支气管哮喘、变应性鼻窦炎、分泌性中耳炎、过敏性咽喉炎等更严重的疾病，都是过敏性鼻炎最常见的并发症，这些危险的因素可能导致患有过敏性鼻炎的宝宝出现呼吸困难、头痛、感染发烧等的严重后果，一定要引起爸爸妈妈们的重视，在宝宝患过敏性鼻炎的早期就及时处理。

 

　　小儿过敏性鼻炎可能导致的危害虽然很多，但家长们只要重视起来，在日常护理宝宝的工作中，做好预防或是及时的治疗，就能杜绝这些后果的发生。希望找良医网以上分享的信息能够帮助到您，祝您的宝宝拥有最健康快乐的童年生活！


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宝宝9个月，未患过呼吸道疾病。10月2日起出现以下症状：偶尔打喷嚏，伴有清鼻涕；白天有时也有清鼻涕流出，睡觉时鼻腔里有呼呼的鼻塞声，总感觉鼻腔后面有鼻涕堵着、不通气。无发热、咳嗽症状，精神状态好，进食正常，大便正常。（症状持续9天了）

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儿子晚上睡觉的时候老是感觉他鼻子好像不通，以前以为他是感冒了，一直当感冒治了，吃了一周感冒药鼻子还是那样，看他那难受的样子真的很心疼，听说鼻炎不能除根的，如果真是这样，那以后儿子得多受罪啊。那位亲知道哪个医院哪个医生治小儿鼻炎有效果？不胜感激！

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   前鼻镜检查可见鼻黏膜苍白水肿，大量清水样分泌物，若因持久性水肿可发生鼻息肉或息肉样变性。由于鼻塞患者不得不用口呼吸，因此从口腔直接吸入的变应原较多，从而使哮喘加重。特应性儿童暴露于特殊的变应原愈多，对它发生过敏的机会愈大。

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    喷嚏、鼻痒、流清涕和鼻塞是变应性鼻炎的四大症状。喷嚏多于刚睡醒时发作，鼻塞常随体位变动而改变。鼻痒是过敏的特征性表现，使小儿不断用手指或手掌上下揉擦鼻前部。不少儿童因鼻痒常作歪口、耸鼻等奇异动作。较大儿童自诉嗅觉也丧失。鼻涕为清水样，亦可因鼻塞或继发感染而变稠。

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    儿童还可见眼眶下有灰蓝色环形暗影和皱褶称变态反应性着色。这是由于鼻甲肿大压迫蝶腭静脉丛，引起眼部睑静脉和眼角静脉淤血所致，也是特应性儿童眼鼻过敏的一个特征性表现。本病婴儿表现多不典型，常以鼻塞为主。

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    此外，患儿还常常存在着鼻道高反应性，因而对于各种非特异性刺激容易发生反应。孩子常有变态反应的家族史。其鼻腔内部的检查典型显示鼻甲水肿，常呈现为苍白或紫色，上面还盖有一薄层水样黏液。

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1、仔细询问病史以便将本病与其他慢性鼻疾患相区别。

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2、检查EOS 以鼻黏膜拭子涂片染色，然后仔细检查EOS，如EOS≥5%有助于变应性鼻炎的诊断，但对3月以下的幼婴不具诊断意义。

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3、血清IgE检测在儿童特别是1岁以下的小儿，总IgE稍有升高就提示很可能具变态反应性或寄生虫感染，而特异性IgE的检测则对明确病因有好处。

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4、皮肤试验是明确病因的一个安全而简单的方法，且出结果快，很有实用价值。但应结合病史、体检和其他检查解释皮试的结果。

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经上述检查后仍不能明确诊断，可进行眼结膜和鼻黏膜激发试验，有助于本病的诊断和病因诊断。由于前者出现的症状明显，痛苦轻微，特别适合于幼儿。

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5、过敏性鼻炎新的诊断方法

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(1)取鼻分泌物涂片查嗜酸细胞。

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(2)取鼻黏膜组织活检，在电镜下检查异染细胞，包括嗜碱粒细胞和肥大细胞。

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(3)测定喷嚏频率或鼻分泌物的重量(或容量)可反映鼻黏膜病变的性质。

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(4)鼻的冲洗或抽吸物，能直接检查组胺、激肽和白三烯的含量。

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(5)测定鼻黏膜血流量、温度等。

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　　咳嗽只是疾病的一种症状，是保护性的反射动作，小儿通过咳嗽能把呼吸道中的“垃圾”清理出来。据耳鼻咽喉科医生介绍，咳嗽与很多病症都有关联，并不是只有气管炎和支气管炎才会引起咳嗽，鼻炎也会引起咳嗽。

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　　有些小儿得鼻炎后，会有咽痛、整天咳嗽并伴有痰咳出，很像是上呼吸道感染的症状，但这痰并不是从气管里分泌出来的。患了鼻炎后，小孩子一般都不能准确说出症状，又不会擤鼻涕，因而鼻涕常倒流入气管、支气管，然后引起反射性咳嗽，把鼻涕咳出，家长往往误以为这是咽喉炎症的表现。另外，在长期咳嗽的刺激下，咳嗽中枢持久处于高度兴奋状态，久而久之，咳嗽就不是具有保护作用的反射动作了，成了一种习惯。由于找不到真正咳嗽的原因，即使吃了许多止咳药也没有效果。有些小孩把鼻涕吸进胃里，还会有恶心、呕吐等胃肠道功能紊乱的症状，会被家长误认为孩子是得了肠道疾病，鼻炎易被忽视和误诊。

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　　季节交替天气多变，而小孩的免疫机制还不完善，抵抗力相对较差，极易患上鼻炎，不少家长还容易将孩子的鼻炎当成感冒。孩子感冒后，家长一般都会带他们去内科看病，而鼻炎、鼻窦炎则属于耳鼻喉科诊疗范围，故应请专科医生检查。并且儿童鼻炎感染容易扩散，如不及时控制，还可诱发上颌骨骨髓炎、中耳炎、结膜炎、泪囊炎、咽炎、支气管炎、支气管哮喘、顽固性头痛等并发症，且得了鼻炎的孩子往往精神萎靡、急躁易怒、胃口不好。时间长了，孩子会消瘦和记忆力减退，影响其智力和身体发育。另外，患了鼻炎后经常鼻塞，使孩子张口呼吸，长期如此还会影响孩子面颊部及胸部的发育。

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　　由于孩子的表述能力差，因此家长要细心观察。要是孩子有咳嗽、连续打喷嚏、鼻塞、流鼻涕等症状时，家长应该带孩子到耳鼻喉科就诊，确诊是否因鼻炎引起的咳嗽，如果是鼻炎引起的咳嗽，那治咳嗽的重点就是治鼻炎。

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\"警惕这3个原因易引发小儿鼻炎\"

鼻炎是一种治疗难度特别大的疾病，而鼻炎的发病人群也很广泛，其中儿童因为免疫力低更容易受到鼻炎的侵袭。那引起小儿鼻炎的原因是什么？小编给大家简单介绍一下吧！

　

引起小儿鼻炎的原因是什么

 

　　1、小儿身体抵抗力差

　　小儿患上鼻炎最根本的原因便是身体抵抗力差，这是不可避免的，但可以有所改善，比如适当的参加锻炼等。

 

　　2、环境因素

　　在小儿长期出入人群密集的场所以及吸入大量的二手烟、灰尘、刺激性气体等后，也是会导致鼻炎出现的。

 

　　3、不良的生活习惯

　　有些家长在给孩子擤鼻涕的时候总是会用力过猛，这也会导致炎症的出现；另外，不当的挖鼻也会导致鼻炎出现。


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1.治疗原则

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对症治疗与治疗黏膜炎症反应相结合。

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2.阶梯式治疗方案

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避免接触过敏原，药物治疗，特异性免疫治疗，外科手术。

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  （1）避免接触致敏原是治疗的首要条件  “避”：避开一切过敏的吸入物、食物和接触物。“忌”：忌服一切致敏的食物和药物。“替”：用作用相同或相似的不过敏的食物和药物来代替过敏的食物和药物。“移”：将过敏原从患者的身边移走或患者移出不利的生活环境。

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  （2）药物治疗  目的是控制变应性鼻炎的症状，其疗效在停药后难以维持。常用的药物有：抗组胺药如氯雷他定、西替利嗪等，对治疗鼻痒、喷嚏和鼻涕增多有效；鼻部糖皮质激素类药物如伯克纳、雷诺考特、辅舒良等，对鼻黏膜局部作用强，无全身副作用；肥大细胞稳定剂如色甘酸钠等，可缓解鼻部症状；白三烯拮抗剂如孟鲁斯特和扎鲁斯特，适用于治疗变应性鼻炎和哮喘；鼻部减充血剂如麻黄素等，可快速减轻鼻塞症状。

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  （3）免疫治疗是世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐使用的惟一对因治疗手段  常规皮下注射免疫治疗适用于5岁以上儿童及成人对吸入性变应原过敏者；舌下免疫治疗用于治疗成人花粉症及儿童螨虫过敏；鼻内免疫治疗可能用于治疗花粉症。

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（4）手术本身不能治疗变应性鼻炎，但同时伴有鼻甲肥大、鼻中隔偏曲、鼻窦炎、鼻息肉等导致鼻塞的变应性鼻炎患者需要手术治疗。

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石家庄市第一医院  耳鼻喉科 主任医师李健鹰 

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