年龄大了以后人体的各种机能都会下降，抵抗力也会变得越来越差，这就会导致老年人特别的容易就被感染上各种的疾病，其中比较常见的一种就是心力衰竭这种疾病，那么对于患者来说，日常的生活中应该如何的进行护理呢？
\n心力衰竭由很多种情况病发，大多是其他严重的疾病导致心力衰竭。心力衰竭前期表现为急性心力衰竭，病发迅速，症状严重。得不到及时有效的治疗会引发慢性心力衰竭，治疗比较棘手，康复也比较慢。下面先来看看心功能的分级，再来了解一下怎么预防心力衰竭。
\n心功能分成4个等级：
\n第1级：体力活动不受限，一般活动没有不适感;
\n第2级：休息时没有乏力、心悸、气短、心绞痛等情况，轻微体力活动即出现上述症状;
\n第3级：体力活动明显受限，日常活动就有症状;
\n第4级：一切活动都受限，即使休息时也有表现。
\n有了心力衰竭的病人，要重视自己的饮食起居，可能哪一天放松了，心衰症状就会加重。
\n心力衰竭的预防：
\n1、控制盐的摄入量
\n摄入过多的盐会增加身体水分潴留，加重心脏负担，轻度心衰病人每天只能吃2~3克的盐，中到重度病人每天吃盐小于2克，有些医生甚至建议心衰病人不要吃盐，因为烹饪使用的酱油、味精里面或多或少也含有盐(世卫组织建议健康人群一天盐的摄入量也最高不要超过6克)。
\n2、不能喝很多水
\n心衰病人身体里水分多了，同样增加心脏负担。建议心衰病人每天喝1.5~2升的水，不渴就不喝。
\n3、每天早上称体重
\n3天内增长2公斤以上，或每天增长1公斤以上，可能是心衰症状加重，要马上去医院。
\n4、合理活动
\n心衰病人不要剧烈运动，也不要静卧不动。
\n5、其他细节
\n心衰病人要对自己的生活格外留心。小心感冒，情绪激动、营养不良、生活方式的突然改变可能使病情加重。在生活中只要坚持做到上面的几点，加上适量运动，定时检查，相信疾病一定会远离您的身旁。祝愿您越活越年轻。
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冠心病的诊断主要依赖典型的临床症状，再结合辅助检查发现心肌缺血或冠脉阻塞的证据，以及心肌损伤标志物判定是否有心肌坏死。发现心肌缺血最常用的检查方法包括常规心电图和心电图负荷试验、核素心肌显像。
\n1、忌油腻
\n对冠心病患者来说，日常饮食一定要清淡。平时应多吃新鲜蔬菜，以及水果、黑木耳，或者是豆制品；还可适当吃一些瘦肉及鱼类，尽量少吃过于油腻或高脂肪的食物。日常生活中如果有条件，可以多喝绿豆汤以及莲子汤、百合汤或者是菊花茶、荷叶茶等饮料。
\n2、忌冷饮
\n对于冠心病患者的饮食，日常一定要注意禁食冷饮，因为在气温高时，血管处于扩张状态，一旦进食冷饮，大多数患者的肠道突遭刺激，再者就是会引起全身血管收缩，血压突然升高，容易突发心绞痛、心梗、脑溢血。
\n3、忌吃糖
\n糖类即指碳水化合物，它是机体热能的主要来源，摄入过多可造成热量入超，在体内可转化生成脂肪，引起肥胖，并使血脂升高。因此，要严格控制碳水化合物摄入总量，尤其是控制食糖摄入量，经研究证明，在碳水化合物中升高血脂的作用，果糖高于蔗糖，蔗糖高于淀粉。故提倡进食复合糖、控制精制糖：选用淀粉，糙米、玉米等植物纤维多的食物，少进食单糖，如蔗糖、果糖。
\n4、忌烟酒
\n吸烟者冠心病的发病率比不吸烟者高3倍。常饮烈性酒，可因酒精中毒导致心脏病和高脂血症。过多的乙醇还可使心脏耗氧量增多，加重冠心病。应戒烟、限酒，浓茶、辣椒等刺激性食物也应慎食。
\n5、忌暴饮暴食
\n患有严重冠心病的患者，应采取少量多餐的原则，切忌暴饮暴食，尤其晚餐也不宜吃得过饱。尽量多吃些容易消化的食物，同时要保持大便通畅。
\n6、忌脱水
\n一些中老年人没有定时喝水的习惯，反而等到渴了想喝时才喝，其实这已造成程度不同的“脱水”了。老年人平时要养成定时喝水的好习惯。老年人（特别是冠心病患者）的血黏度都有所增高，脱水导致血液浓度升高，达到一定程度会出现血凝倾向，导致缺血或心脑血管堵塞，严重时可引起心肌梗死或脑卒中。建议睡前半小时、或者是半夜醒来及清晨起床后最好喝一些开水。
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如何治疗？有无必要转呼吸重症？
男,66岁。扩张性心脏病。四肢无力，多汗，腰疼，怕累，气喘，有什么办法治疗或使心脏缩小到正常范围，这种扩张性心脏病能治愈吗
","barId":"1704","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"2454","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"冠心病的常见发病症状是什么","content":"心脏对我们来说的重要性是不言而喻的，所以我们应该要对一些常见的心脏病有所了解，这样能在疾病出现的时候我们及时的做一些防护措施，一提起冠心病，我们大家都知道它是一种心脏病。发病严重时，有可能会夺去我们的生命。但是只知道这些。对于冠心病的的减少还是没有任何作用的。因此关于冠心病的一些其他的知识还是需要了解一下的。下面我们来主要了解一下冠心病的发病症状。
\n冠心病的常见发病症状是什么
\n①疼痛最先出现，多发生于清晨，疼痛部位和性质与心绞痛相同，但程度重，持续时间长，可达数小时或更长，休息或硝酸甘油不能缓解。患者常烦躁不安、出汗、恐惧，可伴濒死感，少数患者无疼痛，一开始就表现为休克或急性心衰。部分患者疼痛位于上腹部，易被误诊。
\n②有发热、心动过速、白细胞增高和血沉增快等全身症状。发热多在疼痛发生后24～48小时后出现，体温多在38℃左右，持续约一周。
\n③疼痛剧烈时常伴有恶心、呕吐和上腹胀痛等胃肠道，肠胀气亦不少见，重症者有呃逆。
\n④心律失常多发生在起病1～2天，而以24小时内最多见。以室性心律失常最多尤其是室性期前收缩。室颤是冠心病早期，特别是入院前的主要死亡原因。房室和束支传导阻滞亦较多。
\n⑤低血压和休克休克多在起病后数小时至数日内发生，主要为心源性。
\n⑥心力衰竭主要是急性左心衰竭，可在起病最初几天发生。
\n冠心病的早期症状
\n早期症状一、体力活动时出现胸闷、心悸、气短，休息后自行缓解。劳累或精神紧张时出现胸骨后或心前区闷痛，或紧缩样痛，并向左肩、左上臂放射，持续3-5分钟，甚至十余分钟，休息后自行缓解。出现与运动有关的头痛、牙痛、腿痛。饱餐、寒冷或看惊险片后出现胸痛、心悸。
\n早期症状二、夜晚低枕睡眠时，自觉胸闷憋气，需抬高枕头卧位(或坐位)方感舒适。熟睡或白天平卧时突然胸痛、心悸、呼吸困难，需立即坐起或站立才能缓解。
\n早期症状三、听到周围的锣鼓声或其他噪声便引起心慌、胸闷。反复出现脉搏不齐，不明原因心跳过速或过缓。
\n早期症状四、性生活用力或用力排便时出现心慌、胸闷、气急或胸痛不适。
\n温馨提示，冠心病的症状是比较明显的，只要我们多关注一下自己的健康状态就能及时的发现此病的出现了，由此可见，如果在日常生活中出现以上症状应该及时的到医院去检查。并且在生活中做定期的身体健康体检，时刻关注自己的身体健康变化。
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在医学上专家面对一个个疾病患者询问的问题，这种疾病是怎样的引起的，他们的回家出乎大家的意料，冠心病的病因至今尚未完全清楚。是的，在医学上冠心病却是没有一定的引发原因，但是在生活中却有一些导致疾病的主要原因，下面了解一下冠心病的病因是什么？
\n不爱运动患冠心病几率翻倍
\n1、遗传因素导致了很多人都逃不掉疾病的追逐。生活中人们久坐生活方式，不爱运动的人冠心病的发生和死亡危险性将翻一倍。肥胖症：已明确为冠心病的首要危险因素，可增加冠心病死亡率。肥胖被定义为体重指数（BMI=体重（kg）/身高平方（m2））在男性>=27.8，女性>=27.3.BMI与TC，TG增高，HDL-C下降呈正相关。糖尿病：冠心病是未成年糖尿病患者首要的死因，冠心病占糖尿病病人所有死亡原因和住院率的近80%。
\n2、大量的吸烟使人们出现严重的疾病症状：吸烟是疾病的重要危险因素，是唯一最可避免的死亡原因。冠心病与吸烟之间存在着明显的用量-反应关系。高血压：高血压与冠状动脉粥样硬化的形成和发展关系密切。收缩期血压比舒张期血压更能预测冠心病事件。140-149mmhg的收缩期血压比90-94mmhg的舒张期血压更能增加冠心病死亡的危险。
\n如何尽早发现冠心病
\n出现以下情况，要及时就医，尽早发现冠心病：
\n1）劳累、体力活动、精神紧张、寒冷及进食过饱时出现胸骨后或心前区闷痛，或紧缩样疼痛，向左肩、左上臂放射，持续3到5分钟，休息后自行缓解者；
\n2）反复出现脏脉搏不齐，心跳过速或过缓者；
\n3）阵发性胸闷憋气，心悸、呼吸困难；
\n4）用力排便、紧张或性生活出现心慌、胸闷、气急或胸痛不适者。
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我妈妈五年前患心衰，近一两年患心肌缺血。劳累，熬夜会发病，发病时心脏颤、嘚瑟，耳鸣，并伴有脸、脚心发热。脸有水肿，有时脑袋疼，睡眠不好，没有力气。心衰心肌缺血一般用什么药，希望帮忙推荐下
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