{"nowTime30":1779792369632,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"【世界以痛吻我，我要报之以歌！90后小伙每天做4次透析维持生命却捧出6项发明】今年3月21日，长沙理工大学15级研究生邹勇松拿到了“共享打印机”的新型专利授权通知书。近2年他已捧出6项发明。出身贫寒的他自幼患肾炎，现已进入终末期。他说，“我的终身也许只是别人的半辈子，所以我更珍惜时光。”对此有网友表","keywords":"每天做4次透析捧出6项发明 网友看哭了_洞医","title":"每天做4次透析捧出6项发明 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六招教你预防肾炎","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511321611499.jpg\" title=\"日常如何预防肾炎 六招教你预防肾炎\" alt=\"日常如何预防肾炎 六招教你预防肾炎\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、增强体质</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">预防慢性肾炎的最主要措施、是加强身体锻炼、增强机体抗病的能力。锻炼身体的方式有多种、散步、长跑、跳舞、登山、划船、武术、气功、太极拳等、皆有助于增强体质、提高机体抵抗力、并可防止感染病毒细菌后免疫反应性损害的发生。但肾病患者慎为之。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、预防感染</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾炎病的发生常与上呼吸道感染等有关、常以外受风寒、风热、风湿、湿热、热毒之邪为始因、因此、要预防肾炎的发病、就应注意天气寒暖的变化、应避免阴雨天外出、汗出当风、涉水冒雨、穿潮湿衣服、时刻警惕外邪的侵袭。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、起居有常</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">养成良好的生活习惯、对身体健康非常重要。因为生活不规律、睡眠不充足、暴饮暴食、酒色过度、劳逸无度、均可降低人体对外邪的抵抗力、增加患病的机会、所以、在日常生活中、应劳逸结合、定时作息、以维持人体阴阳平衡、气血调畅。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4、有病早治</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">皮肤的疮疖痒疹、上呼吸道感染、扁桃体炎反复发作、均有变生肾炎的可能、因此有病早治非常必要。保持下阴的清洁、勤换衣裤、可防止泌尿系感染；保持大便的通畅、定时排便、则有利于代谢废物的排除。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5、精神乐观</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">预防为先应警惕肾炎的发生，但不必悲观，应消除对疾病的恐怖心理。除平时加强体育锻炼外，肾阴不足者可服六味地黄丸，卫气不足者可服玉屏风散，以补肾培元，固护卫表，防止外邪侵表诱发肾病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6、讲究卫生</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">有病早治皮肤的疮疖痒疹、上呼吸道感染、扁桃体炎反复发作等，都有变成肾炎的可能，因此有病早治非常必要。保持下体清洁，勤换衣裤，可防止泌尿系感染；保持大便通畅，定时排便，有利于代谢废物的排除。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3},{"id":"11027","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家向您解答肾炎到底应该多喝水还是少喝水","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">夏天是炎热干燥的季节，在这样的日子里，人通常会感到十分口渴，饮水量的需求也很大。可是对于肾病患者，饮水对自己的健康是一门不小的学问，特别是饮水量一定要控制的好，由于肾病患者饮水不当会导致浮肿等症状，所以下面就和大家谈谈，肾炎每日饮水量如何控制。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1515833687906.jpg\" title=\"专家向您解答肾炎到底应该多喝水还是少喝水\" alt=\"专家向您解答肾炎到底应该多喝水还是少喝水\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"></span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">讨论如何掌握水的入量时，<strong>治疗肾衰好的方法</strong>就是首先应明确</span>“显性失水”、“非显性失水”和“内生水”的含义。“显性失水”指尿、粪、呕吐物、胃肠道吸引流物等所失去的水分。“非显性失水”系皮肤、呼吸道散发的水分。“内生水”是指食物氧化和细胞新陈代谢所释放的水分。“显性失水量”容易估计;“非显性失水量”可按0.5毫升/公斤体重/小时或12毫升/公斤体重/天2个实用常数计算，当然还要根据年龄、体温、气温、湿度等作适当调整;“内生水量”的计算比较复杂。在实际应用上，可以400～500毫升为底数，加前1天的尿量、引流液等的排出量。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><br/></span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">医嘱中的水摄入量，应将每日产生的内生水</span>350毫升，计入其中。许多慢性进行性肾脏病患者，在疾病的终末阶段发生少尿或无尿时，它们很可能在这种情况之前的数年保留盐和水的能力已经受损。这时如果盲目的限制水的摄入，就会促使已经受损的肾功能进一步恶化，这类情况应加以警惕，并立即补充其丢失量。肾病患者该如何控制饮水量!提醒肾病患者，不要等口渴了再大量饮水，可以一小口一小口滋润着饮用。同时要时刻观察自己的尿液情况，还有自己的血压变化。经常称量体重。也控制调节自己的饮水量。做到合理，科学的饮水。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">那么肾病患者饮水量是怎么掌握</span>?在急性肾炎、肾病综合征、肾盂肾炎有明显水肿时，应该先限制水的摄入，如果无明显水肿时，可以不必限制饮水。无尿或严重少尿的患者，一般仅需要无钠的、并且能够恢复蒸发和小量的尿中丢失的水就够了。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">提醒肾病患者，不要等口渴了再大量饮水，可以一小口一小口去适当的滋润饮用。还要时刻观察自己的尿液情况，还有自己的血压变化是怎样的。经常称量体重。也控制调节自己的饮水量。做到合理，科学的饮水。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3},{"id":"7610","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家向您解答  肾病综合征并发症","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510727552653.jpg\" title=\"专家向您解答  肾病综合征并发症\" alt=\"专家向您解答  肾病综合征并发症\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(一)感染 肾病综合征患者对感染抵抗力下降的原因最主要是由于：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">①尿中丢失大量IgG。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">②B因子(补体的替代途径成分)的缺乏导致对细菌免疫调理作用缺陷;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">③营养不良时，机体非特异性免疫应答能力减弱，造成机体免疫功能受损。</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">④转铁蛋白和锌大量从尿中丢失。转铁蛋白为维持正常淋巴细胞功能所必需，锌离子浓度与胸腺素合成有关。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">⑤局部因素。胸腔积液、腹水、皮肤高度水肿引起的皮肤破裂和严重水肿使局部体液因子稀释、防御功能减弱，均为肾病综合征患者的易感因素。在抗生素问世以前，细菌感染曾是肾病综合征患者的主要死因之一，严重的感染主要发生在儿童和老人，成年人较少见。临床上常见的感染有：原发性腹膜炎、蜂窝织炎、呼吸道感染和泌尿道感染。一旦感染诊断成立，应立即予以治疗。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(二)高凝状态和静脉血栓形成 肾病综合征存在高凝状态，主要是由于血中凝血因子的改变。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">包括</span>Ⅸ、Ⅺ因子下降，V、Ⅷ、X因子、纤维蛋白原、β-血栓球蛋白和血小板水平增加。血小板的粘附和凝集力增强。抗凝血酶Ⅲ和抗纤溶酶活力降低。因此，促凝集和促凝血因子的增高，抗凝集和抗凝血因子的下降及纤维蛋白溶解机制的损害，是肾病综合征产生高凝状态原因。抗生素、激素和利尿剂的应用为静脉血栓形成的加重因素，激素经凝血蛋白发挥作用，而利尿剂则使血液浓缩，血液粘滞度增加。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾病综合征时，当血浆白蛋白小于</span>2.0g/d1时，肾静脉血栓形成的危险性增加。多数认为血栓先在小静脉内形成，然后延伸，最终累及肾静脉。肾静脉血栓形成，在膜性肾病患者中可高达50%，在其他病理类型中，其发生率为5%～16%。肾静脉血栓形成的急性型患者可表现为突然发作的腰痛、血尿、白细胞尿、尿蛋白增加和肾功能减退。慢性型患者则无任何症状，但血栓形成后的肾瘀血常使蛋白尿加重，或对治疗反应差。由于血栓脱落，肾外栓塞症状常见，可发生肺栓塞。也可伴有肾小管功能损害，如糖尿、氨基酸尿和肾小管性酸中毒。明确诊断需做肾静脉造影。Doppler超声、CT、IMR等无创伤性检查也有助于诊断。血浆β血栓蛋白增高提示潜在的血栓形成，血中α2-抗纤维蛋白溶酶增加也认为是肾静脉血栓形成的标志。外周深静脉血栓形成率约为6%，常见于小腿深静脉，仅12%有临床症状，25%可由Doppler超声发现。肺栓塞的发生率为7%，仍有12%无临床症状。其他静脉累及罕见。动脉血栓形成更为少见，但在儿童中，尽管血栓形成的发生率相当低，但动脉与静脉累及一样常见。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(三)急性肾衰</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">急性肾衰为肾病综合征最严重的并发症，常需透析治疗。常见的病因有：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">①血液动力学改变：肾病综合征常有低蛋白血症及血管病变，特别是老年患者多伴肾小动脉硬化，对血容量及血压下降非常敏感，故当急性失血、呕吐、腹泻所致体液丢失、外科损伤、腹水、大量利尿及使用抗高血压药物后，都能使血压进一步下降，导致肾灌注骤然减少，进而使肾小球滤过率降低，并因急性缺血后小管上皮细胞肿胀、变性及坏死，导致急性肾衰。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">②肾间质水肿：低蛋白血症可引起周围组织水肿，同样也会导致肾间质水肿，肾间质水肿压迫肾小管，使近端小管包曼囊静水压增高，GFR下降。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">③药物引起的急性间质性肾炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">④双侧肾静脉血栓形成。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">⑤血管收缩：部分肾病综合征患者在低蛋白血症时见肾素浓度增高，肾素使肾小动脉收缩，GFR下降。此种情况在老年人存在血管病变者多见。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">⑥浓缩的蛋白管型堵塞远端肾小管：可能参与肾病综合征急肾衰机制之一</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">⑦肾病综合征时常伴有肾小球上皮足突广泛融合，裂隙孔消失，使有效滤过面积明显减少。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">⑧急进性肾小球肾炎。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">⑨尿路梗阻。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(四)肾小管功能减退</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病综合征的肾小管功能减退，以儿童多见。其机制认为是肾小管对滤过蛋白的大量重吸收，使小管上皮细胞受到损害。常表现为糖尿、氨基酸尿、高磷酸盐尿、肾小管性失钾和高氯性酸中毒，凡出现多种肾小管功能缺陷者常提示预后不良。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(五)骨和钙代谢异常</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾病综合征时血循环中的</span>VitD结合蛋白(Mw65000)和VitD复合物从尿中丢失，使血中1，25(OH)2VitD3水平下降，致使肠道钙吸收不良和骨质对PTH耐受，因而肾病综合征常表现有低钙血症，有时发生骨质软化和甲旁亢所致的纤维囊性骨炎。在肾病综合征进展的肾衰所并发的骨营养不良，一般较非肾病所致的尿毒症更为严重。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(六)内分泌及代谢异常</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾病综合征尿中丢失甲状腺结合蛋白</span>(TBG)和皮质激素结合蛋白(CBG)。临床上甲状腺功能可正常，但血清TBG和T3常下降，游离T3和T4、TSH水平正常。由于血中CBG和17羟皮质醇都减低，游离和结合皮质醇比值可改变，组织对药理剂量的皮质醇反应也不同于正常。由于铜蓝蛋白(Mw151000)、转铁蛋白(Mw80000)和白蛋白从尿中丢失，肾病综合征常有血清铜、铁和锌浓度下降。锌缺乏可引起阳萎、味觉障碍、伤口难愈及细胞介导免疫受损等。持续转铁蛋白减少可引起临床上对铁剂治疗有抵抗性的小细胞低色素性贫血。此外，严重低蛋白血症可导致持续性的代谢性碱中毒，因血浆蛋白减少10g/L，则血浆重碳酸盐会相应减少3mmol/L。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"13950","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"肾病能治好吗","content":"<p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%;background:rgb(255,255,255)\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">1年前尿检发现尿蛋白3+，潜血2+，肾功能正常，尿酸561，红细胞畸形，21小时尿蛋白定量4.98</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">，</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">需要做肾穿刺吗？肾病能治好吗</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">？</span></span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"8053","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"如何判断有肾病 12个信号需警惕","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511318311321.jpg\" title=\"如何判断有肾病 12个信号需警惕\" alt=\"如何判断有肾病 12个信号需警惕\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、尿有泡沫</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">尿里有泡沫的原因有多种，其中如果蛋白质从肾脏漏到了尿里，尿就会起许多泡沫。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、腰痛</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾脏的位置在腰部的脊柱两侧，所以肾脏有病时，会感到腰痛。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、没劲儿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾功能不好时，很多废物难以从尿里排泄出去，会出现精神不振、疲劳、乏力等没劲儿的感觉。肾脏有病，蛋白质等营养物质从肾脏漏出，通过尿液排出体外，也会有没劲儿的表现。有些患者会以为是过于劳累，或者是其他原因，而忽视了肾脏问题。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4、不想吃</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">不想吃饭、厌食，甚至恶心、呕吐，也是肾脏病的常见症状。有些患者总是先去到消化科或者肝病科，看看是不是得了胃病或肝病，一看没胃病和肝病，就搁置不管了，忘了看肾病医生，结果耽误了病情。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5、尿多尿少</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">健康的人每天排尿次数大约</span>4—6次，尿量约800—2000毫升，如果排尿次数和尿量过多或过少，就要注意了。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6、水肿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">饮水太多，或者是睡眠时间过长、过于肥胖等，眼睑、脸部、小腿等部位可以出现轻微的水肿，或者一过性的水肿，如果不是这样，就要怀疑是不是肾脏有了问题。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">7、贫血</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">贫血的患者经常会去血液科看贫血，其实，肾脏除了有排泄废物等功能外，还有内分泌功能，分泌造血激素，当肾功能损害时，也会造成贫血。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">8、尿蛋白和尿潜血</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">尿里有蛋白或者潜血，是肾脏有病的重要指征，查一查尿常规就可以明确。但有时非肾病专业的医生会忽视这一点儿，建议最好找肾病专业医师咨询。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">9、糖尿病</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">糖尿病会引起肾脏病，它的名字叫糖尿病肾病，是糖尿病的并发症。糖尿病肾病分五期，在早期的时候治疗效果较好，一旦晚了，就很难治，会发展为尿毒症。所以，糖尿病患者，一定要常看看肾科。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">10、高血压</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">高血压可以引起高血压肾病，也叫高血压肾损害，所以有高血压病的人要多加注意。当然，肾脏病也会导致高血压，血压如果高了，要当心是不是得了肾脏病。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">11、痛风、高尿酸血症</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">痛风、高尿酸血症都是血液中尿酸过多造成的，血液尿酸高的人，尿酸会沉积在肾脏里，使肾功能受损伤。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">12、尿路感染</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">经常尿路感染的人，时间长了，有可能造成肾功能不全。我接触过不少尿路感染的患者，因早期治疗不及时、不彻底，也不了解会导致肾功能不好，结果等发现时，已经错过了最佳治疗时机。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7608","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家向您解答 肾病综合征症状诊断","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510727725750.jpg\" title=\"专家向您解答 肾病综合征症状诊断\" alt=\"专家向您解答 肾病综合征症状诊断\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">&nbsp; 一、症状：</span><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">&nbsp; 肾病综合征有</span>4个主要特征，即大量蛋白尿、低蛋白血症、高胆固醇血症、和全身显著水肿。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp; 1.大量蛋白尿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">&nbsp; 大量蛋白尿是肾病综合征的标志。主要成分是白蛋白，也含有其他血浆蛋白成分。肾小球基底膜通透性变化是蛋白尿产生的基本原因，电荷屏障和机械屏障</span>(肾小球毛细血管孔径屏障)的变化，肾小管上皮细胞的重吸收和分解代谢能力对蛋白尿的形成也有影响。肾小球滤过率、血浆蛋白浓度和蛋白摄入量等直接影响蛋白尿的程度。肾小球滤过率降低时，蛋白尿会减少;严重低蛋白血症时，尿蛋白排出量可增加，高蛋白饮食会使尿蛋白排出增加;因此，仅以每天蛋白定量的方法，不能准确判断尿蛋白的程度，可进一步做白蛋白清除率、尿蛋白/肌酐(&gt;3.5常为肾病范围蛋白尿)。尿蛋白电泳检出尿中IgG成分增多提示尿蛋白选择性低。尿蛋白选择性无肯定的临床价值，现已少用。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2.低蛋白血症</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">是肾病综合征必备的第二特征。血清白蛋白低于</span>30g/L。肾病综合征时肝脏对白蛋白的合成增加，当饮食中给予足够的蛋白质及热卡时，患者的肝脏每天合成白蛋白约22.6g，比正常人每天15.6g显著增多。当肝脏合成白蛋白的代偿作用不足以弥补尿蛋白的丢失量时，才会出现低蛋白血症。低蛋白血症和尿蛋白排出量之间是不全一致的。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病综合征患者通常呈负氮平衡，在高蛋白负荷时，可转为正氮平衡，高蛋白负荷可能因肾小球滤过蛋白增加而使尿蛋白排出增多，故血浆蛋白升高不明显，但同时服用血紧张素转换酶抑制药，可阻抑尿蛋白的排泄，血白蛋白浓度可明显上升。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">值得注意的是，低蛋白血症时，药物与白蛋白的结合会有所减少，血中游离药物浓度升高，可能会增加药物的毒性反应。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">肾病综合征时多种血浆蛋白成分可发生变化，</span>α2及β球蛋白增加，α1球蛋白多正常。IgG水平明显下降，而IgA、IgM、IgE水平多正常或升高，纤维蛋白原、凝血因子Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅹ可升高，可能与肝脏合成升高有关，伴血小板数目增加，抗凝血酶Ⅲ(肝素有关因子)降低，C蛋白和S蛋白浓度多正常或增高，但活性下降。这均会有助于发生高凝状态。尿中纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)的增加，反映了肾小球通透性的变化。总之，血中凝聚及凝集的各种前因子均增加，而抗凝聚及纤溶作用的机制受损。由于高胆固醇血症和高纤维蛋白原血症的联合影响，血浆黏滞度增加，当血管内皮受损时，易产生自发性血栓形成。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">另外，转运蛋白也减少，如携带重要金属离子</span>(铜、铁、锌)的蛋白下降，与重要激素(甲状腺素、皮质素、前列腺素)及有活性的25-(OH)D3结合的蛋白也下降，后者可导致继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进，钙磷代谢紊乱，引发肾性骨病。持续的转铁蛋白减少，使糖皮质激素在受治病人体内游离和结合的激素比率改变，导致该药代谢和疗效发生改变。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3.高脂血症</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">本病总胆固醇、三酰甘油明显增加，低密度脂蛋白</span>(LDH)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDH)水平升高。高脂血症与低白蛋白血症有关，LDL/HLDL仅于血清白蛋白低于10～20g/L时才升高。高密度脂蛋白(HDL)正常或下降。LDL/HDL比率升高，使发生动脉硬化性合并症的危险增大，高脂血症与血栓形成及进行性肾小球硬化有关。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">患者可呈脂质尿，尿中出现双折光的脂肪体，可能为内含胆固醇的上皮细胞或脂肪体管型。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4.水肿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">患者最引人注意的症状是逐渐加重的全身水肿，初始晨起眼睑、面部、踝部可见水肿</span>;随着病情发展水肿波及全身，并出现胸腔积液、腹水、心包积液、纵隔积液、阴囊或阴唇水肿，也可出现肺水肿。严重者双眼不能睁开，头颈部变粗，皮肤可呈蜡样苍白，加之胸、腹水的存在，故出现明显呼吸困难，不能平卧只能端坐位。若有皮肤损伤，则组织内液溢出且不易停止。水肿与体位关系明显，如出现与体位无关的水肿，应疑及静脉血栓形成。水肿的严重程度一般与低白蛋白血症的程度呈正相关。一般认为水肿主要是由大量蛋白尿引起血浆蛋白(尤其白蛋白)下降，血浆胶体渗透压减低，血管内水分向组织间隙移动所致。另有认为本征的水肿与原发性肾性钠水潴留有关，可能的因素是：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">①肾小球滤过率下降;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">②肾小管重吸收增加;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">③远端小管对血浆心房肽(ANP)反应能力下降。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7607","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"肾病综合征辨证论治","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510727389358.png\" title=\"肾病综合征辨证论治\" alt=\"肾病综合征辨证论治\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病综合征中医治疗</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1.中医治疗：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">中医辨证治疗依据中医望、闻、问、切四诊诊断手段及八纲、病因、脏腑等辨证方法，我们常归纳为以下几种证型。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1)脾肾阳虚：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候：症见一身皆肿，小便不利，身瞩动，恶寒无汗，四肢清冷，甚则沉重疼痛，舌质淡，舌体胖大，苔薄白脉沉紧。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">证候分析：脾肾阳虚，水湿不化，开阖失司，水液不能正常运行而停于体内，溢于肌肤，故见水肿、小便不利</span>;脾肾阳虚，水湿内动，故见身闰动;脾肾阳虚，阳气不能达于肌肤四肢，故见恶寒无汗，四肢清冷，舌质淡，体胖大。苔薄白、脉沉紧，均为脾肾阳虚，水湿内阻之象。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2)肝肾阴虚：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候：素禀阳盛的患者，面部及下肢皆肿，伴见口渴欲饮，口苦纳呆，大便干结，手足心热，舌质偏红，苔薄自，脉见细数或弦细。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">证候分析：由于素禀阳盛或过用激素及中药温补，导致肝肾阴虚，影响水液代谢，致水湿内停，溢于肌肤，故可见面部及下肢浮肿</span>;肝肾阴虚，易生内热，加之水湿内停，湿热相合，产生湿热，故见口渴欲饮，口苦纳呆等证。其余舌脉均为肝肾阴虚之象。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3)气阴两虚：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候：全身浮肿，下肢尤甚，伴神疲短气、腹胀纳差，手足心热，口咽干燥，腰酸腰痛，头晕头痛，口渴喜饮，舌质淡红有齿痕，苔薄，脉沉细或弦细。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">证候分析：本证多由脾肾气虚或肝肾阴虚日久，气损及阴，阴损及气发展而来</span>;气虚不能化水，阴虚不能化气，均可致水湿内停而引起水肿、神疲乏力，腹胀纳差，均为气虚所致;手足心热，口咽干燥多为阴虚所为;其余脉证多为气阴两虚所致。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4)风热犯肺：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候：一身悉肿，面目尤甚，或伴有恶寒发热，头痛身痛，脉浮苔薄，或多见反复感染性病灶。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候分析：由于体虚感受风邪，邪客肌表内舍于肺，肺失宣降，水道不通，风水相搏，风遏水阻，泛滥肌肤而发为水肿。伴见恶寒发热、头痛、身痛等外感症状。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5)气滞水停：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候：全身浮肿较重，反复发作，腹胀明显，胸闷短气，恶心呕吐，尿少，尿黄，舌质红，苔薄黄，脉弦滑等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">证候分析：由于水停三焦日久，阻滞气机，或因肝郁气滞，肝失疏泄，皆可使气机不畅，水道不通，终致气滞水停而形成水肿，且反复发作。由于气机阻滞，故伴见腹胀、胸闷短气等症。水湿内停，气机阻滞，胃失和降，胃气上逆，故见恶心呕吐</span>;气机不畅，水液不能排泄，故尿少、尿黄。水湿内停不化津，故舌质红;脉弦滑为气机阻滞之象。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6)湿热壅滞：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">证候：全身浮肿，面红气粗，口苦口粘，口干不欲饮水，或痤疮感染，或继发疮疖，小便短涩。大便不畅，舌尖边红，苔薄黄腻，或苔黄，脉滑数或弦数。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">证候分析：由于上壅木郁，三焦气化不利，水湿内蕴，积久化热，热蒸湿郁，湿热壅滞形成水肿</span>;湿热上扰，津不上承，故见面红气粗、口苦口粘，口干不欲饮水等;湿热壅盛肌肤外发，故见颜面痤疮或皮肤疮疖;湿热下注，则见小便短涩，大使不畅;其余舌脉均系湿热壅滞之象。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"11011","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"你一定很想知道 肾病综合症起因有哪些","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病综合征一旦发病是需要及早到医院治疗的，不然会给患者的身体和生活带来很大的伤害，而能够了解一些肾病综合征的病因，对于日常的预防和治疗也是有很大帮助的，那么接下来就为大家介绍<strong>肾病综合征的病因有哪些</strong>。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1515830626738.jpg\" title=\"你一定很想知道 肾病综合症起因有哪些\" alt=\"你一定很想知道 肾病综合症起因有哪些\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">肾病综合症是由于肾小球的过滤膜通透性加大了，导致大量的血浆蛋白随着尿液一起排出人体所引发的综合症。主要表现大量蛋白尿、低蛋白血症以及水肿和高脂血症，那么肾病综合症的起因都有哪些呢？</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">引起肾病综合征的病因</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">包括：</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">原发性肾病综合症是原发性肾小球疾病最常见的病因表现。原发性肾病综合症的病理类型也比较多，有微小病变性肾病、局灶节段性肾病、膜性肾病等。肾病综合症属中医的水肿、腰痛、虚劳、尿浊等证的范畴。祖国医学认为，肾病综合症的发生发展与病人劳累过度、久病误治、失治、体虚以及饮食不洁等诱因有关，这些诱因使肺、脾、肾功能失调，引起脏腑气血阴阳不足，导致人体内代谢紊乱形成肾病综合症。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">引起肾病综合症的原因都有：由于肾小球滤过膜通透性改变，蛋白质游过增加，形成大量蛋白尿。肾小球滤过膜通透性改变，除与病理改变有关外，尚与肾小球上皮细胞膜表面电荷变化有关。正常膜表面有涎酸蛋白，带负电荷，而白蛋白分子在</span>PH7.4对带负电荷，因同性相斥，使白蛋白不易滤过，单纯性肾病时涎酸蛋白减少。从而使蛋白质滤过增加。</span></p><p style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">以上就是关于肾病综合征的病因给</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">患者朋友们</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">做出的介绍，希望能给大家带来</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">一些</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">帮助，并且建议</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">在</span><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">生活中大家能够有一个好的习惯，如果一旦发现肾病综合征出现要及时到医院治疗。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"14326","isDel":0,"createAt":1528100427603,"createBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"良药苦口","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"每天做4次透析捧出6项发明 网友看哭了","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">【世界以痛吻我，我要报之以歌！</span>90后小伙每天做4次透析维持生命却捧出6项发明】今年3月21日，长沙理工大学15级研究生邹勇松拿到了“共享打印机”的新型专利授权通知书。近2年他已捧出6项发明。出身贫寒的他自幼患肾炎，现已进入终末期。他说，“我的终身也许只是别人的半辈子，所以我更珍惜时光。”</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1528100514509.jpg\" title=\"每天做4次透析捧出6项发明 网友看哭了\" alt=\"每天做4次透析捧出6项发明 网友看哭了\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">对此有网友表示：</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">占卜师米亚：最美好纯粹的少年</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">你脚下穿的我都有：他是最需要帮助的人，他却帮助了许多人</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">旧巷南向：希望早日康复</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">落袋为安</span>-qd：感动。感恩。让我们人人都献出一点爱。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">撕家过来不打：</span>.我这个废柴</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1732","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1280,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1528100427604,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1528100427604,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"userAllInfo":{"id":null,"isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":null,"password":null,"level":0,"nickName":null,"realName":null,"signName":null,"head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":0,"userType":0,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":0,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":0,"forumUser":{"id":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1507789271266,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"良药苦口","password":"zx13401068656","level":0,"nickName":"周良药","realName":null,"signName":"良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行！","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1516263139285.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"langlixunta@163.com","address":null,"identityType":6,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"110114","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"forumUserActiveInfo":{"id":"8acedcfeaf1511e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":1611056061967,"updateBy":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"良药苦口","userId":"8abb11d0af1511e7a3d800163e04584d","topicCount":8346,"replayCount":65,"favorteCount":0,"beFavorteCount":0,"creamCount":95,"focusCount":1,"fansCount":1,"integralCount":13965,"foodCouponCount":6624,"lastLoginTime":0,"lastLoginIp":null,"downloadCount":0,"uploadCount":0},"newPass":null,"focusBar":null,"counter":null,"forumUserIdentificateDto":null},"theme":{"id":"1032","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"topicTypeId":"2","topicTypeName":"治疗","themeName":"病友社区","barType":"102","schemaName":2,"reward":0},"page":1,"favorties":true,"isSelf":false,"order":"asc"}