{"nowTime30":1779745067873,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"根据《侵权责任法》第64条的规定，医疗机构及其医务人员的合法权益受法律保护。干扰医疗秩序，妨害医务人员工作、生活的，应当依法承担法律责任。当前医患双方的极度不信任导致医患关系的紧张，这种紧张状态又促使医疗纠纷不断升级，对于部分“医闹”行为，政府和卫生、司法部门也往往从维护社会稳定大局出发，本着息事宁","keywords":"医疗纠纷维权可能承担的法律责任_洞医","title":"医疗纠纷维权可能承担的法律责任_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":"694a92a2e9ed11e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1514259154100,"createBy":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"1516932689@qq.com","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","realName":"王瑞","certifiedStatus":2,"phone":"18201617331","email":"1516932689@qq.com","hospitalId":"14654","departmentId":"2032","illName":"冠心病","illId":"14fcc36fbadb11e6a61c00163e04584d","cardType":2,"cardImg":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1533708809392.jpg","idCardImg":"","identityType":2,"stop":0,"departmentName":"心血管内科","hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1797","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430775208,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"腰椎间盘突出","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"480f0260badb11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:腰椎间盘突出论坛_腰椎间盘突出论坛腰突论坛_病友交流平台，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"腰椎间盘突出论坛_腰椎间盘突出论坛腰突论坛_病友交流平台\",\"title\":\"腰椎间盘突出论坛_腰椎间盘突出论坛腰突论坛_病友交流平台\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:腰椎间盘突出如何治_腰椎间盘突出怎样治疗_腰椎间盘突出怎么办等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"腰椎间盘突出如何治_腰椎间盘突出怎样治疗_腰椎间盘突出怎么办\",\"title\":\"腰椎间盘突出如何治_腰椎间盘突出怎样治疗_腰椎间盘突出怎么办\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:腰椎间盘突出的症状_腰间盘突出的早期症状_腰间盘突出症状表现等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"腰椎间盘突出的症状_腰间盘突出的早期症状_腰间盘突出症状表现\",\"title\":\"腰椎间盘突出的症状_腰间盘突出的早期症状_腰间盘突出症状表现\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:腰椎间盘突出并发症_腰椎间盘突出的后遗症_腰椎间盘突出的后果等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"腰椎间盘突出并发症_腰椎间盘突出的后遗症_腰椎间盘突出的后果\",\"title\":\"腰椎间盘突出并发症_腰椎间盘突出的后遗症_腰椎间盘突出的后果\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:腰椎间盘突出吃什么好_腰间盘突出不能吃什么_腰椎间盘突出饮食禁忌等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"腰椎间盘突出吃什么好_腰间盘突出不能吃什么_腰椎间盘突出饮食禁忌\",\"title\":\"腰椎间盘突出吃什么好_腰间盘突出不能吃什么_腰椎间盘突出饮食禁忌\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:腰椎间盘突出产生原因_腰椎间盘突出怎么引起的_腰椎间盘突出的原因等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"腰椎间盘突出产生原因_腰椎间盘突出怎么引起的_腰椎间盘突出的原因\",\"title\":\"腰椎间盘突出产生原因_腰椎间盘突出怎么引起的_腰椎间盘突出的原因\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:腰椎盘突出能治吗_腰突能彻底治好吗_腰椎间盘突出能痊愈吗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"腰椎盘突出能治吗_腰突能彻底治好吗_腰椎间盘突出能痊愈吗\",\"title\":\"腰椎盘突出能治吗_腰突能彻底治好吗_腰椎间盘突出能痊愈吗\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:怎样预防腰椎间盘突出_如何避免腰间盘突出_腰间盘突出的预防方法等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"怎样预防腰椎间盘突出_如何避免腰间盘突出_腰间盘突出的预防方法\",\"title\":\"怎样预防腰椎间盘突出_如何避免腰间盘突出_腰间盘突出的预防方法\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:腰椎间盘突出症的治疗方法_腰椎间盘突出症状和治疗等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"腰椎间盘突出症的治疗方法_腰椎间盘突出症状和治疗\",\"title\":\"腰椎间盘突出症的治疗方法_腰椎间盘突出症状和治疗\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"1640","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"腰椎间盘突出有什么注意事项","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000; text-align: left;\">　　在以前的时候患腰椎间盘突出的患者多少都是一些老人，而现在这个社会当中开始有越来越多的年轻人开始患上这种病了，在我们身边平时患有腰间盘突出的人特别多。原来这个疾病基本上算是一种老年病。可是现有很多年轻人由于很多的原因。患上这个疾病。可是人对这个疾病的了解又很少。尤其，这个疾病该注意什么?大家都不太了解。所以下面我们就来学习一下。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　1、饮食注意不可少</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\">　　维生素E有扩张血管、促进血液循环、消除肌肉紧张的作用，同样能缓解腰椎间盘突出的疼痛的症状。日常生活中含维生素E多的食物有鳝鱼、大豆、花生米、芝麻、杏仁等。蛋白质是形成肌肉、韧带所不可或缺的营养素。日常生活中含蛋白质多的食物有猪肉、鸡肉、牛肉、肝脏、鱼类、鸡蛋、豆类及豆制品等。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　2、避免长时间固定姿势</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\">　　对于长期从事坐位工作的人，容易引起腰部疲劳。办公室一族可以在繁忙的工作时间抽出几分钟的时间，站起来活动下，扭扭腰，做做伸展运动，缓解下腰部肌肉。目前我国私家车不断增多，有车一族在开车时应不断调整自己的坐姿，让自己处于舒适状态，特别是椅背要抵住自己的腰部，使腰部肌肉得到支撑，使周身血液得到循环。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　3、适时活动腰部</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\">　　应注意腰肌和腹肌的力量练习，腰、腹肌力量强，则腰椎的稳定性就好，就能起到保护腰椎的作用，减缓脊柱退变的进程。同时配合上通过松膀、转腰、俯仰等活动，达到强腰健体作用。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　4、腰部用力要正确</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\">　　在搬、抬重物时，应将两足分开与肩等宽，屈膝，腹肌用力，再搬动物体。此时大腿和小腿的肌肉同时用力，分散了腰部的力量。若在膝关节伸直状态下，从地上搬取重物，腰部承受的压力可增加40%，极易损伤腰部的韧带、肌肉和椎间盘。故搬物时不能弯腰，而应屈膝，要保持腰部正常直立位置时的曲度，避免力量集中在腰部。如物体太重，不可强行用力。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　5、这样睡最好</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\">　　睡木板床或较硬的棕床： 在现代社会，各种科技都发达了，人们的身体素质却下降了，身体健康程度与过去相比有了明显的下降，各种腰酸背疼的不适总是伴随着很多人，并且常见的腰部等疾病都需要长久护理才能恢复，因此睡木板床就是最合适的选择。睡木板床最大的好处就是能保护脊柱，当然你若是认为睡木板床太硬，可以在床板上铺两床棉被，这样就会舒适很多，也不会对脊柱造型伤害。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　6、这样锻炼最轻松</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\">　　体育锻炼是非常必要的，尤其要加强腰背肌的功能锻炼，因为适当的锻炼能改善肌肉血液循环，增加肌肉的反应性和强度，松解软组织粘连，纠正脊柱内在平衡与外在平衡的失调，从而达到良好的预防作用。但是患者要切记动作幅度小一点，避免腰部过弯过屈也是很重要的一点。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #000000;\">　　为了让腰椎间盘突出离我们远一些的话我们就应该在日常的生活中做好相关的预防工作，因为我们平时的饮食和锻炼。对这个基本是很重要的。让我们可以学习一下以上的方法。能够让我们缓解病痛。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1797","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"3279","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"腰间盘突出有效的食疗方式有什么","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　对于现在社会中有很多的疾病影响着我们的身体健康，那么他们都有着一定的效果，所以对于腰间盘突出来说，它有着一定的特殊性，我们可以通过合理的饮食来缓解这种症状。对于我们日常生活中的一些不良习惯和饮食习惯会导致腰间盘突出的发生这么让我们来了解一下，关于它的食疗方?</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　腰椎间 盘突出患者在患病后最好是在生活中要注意对腰部的保护，腰椎间盘突出患者要注意饮食健康，饮食中注意补充钙、镁、锌等。含钙丰富的食物如奶类、豆类、小虾 米、海带等，多吃新鲜的水果蔬菜，适省补允动物肝脏，饮食多样化，少喝可乐类饮料。如果含量少，可适当吃些营养补充剂。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　腰椎间盘突出 患者在患病后腰椎间盘突出这种疾病可以通过食物来治疗疾病，通过食疗也能对治疗腰椎间盘突出有一定的帮助的作用。腰椎间盘突出患者可以选择丝瓜藤、黄酒。 选取1截连根的丝瓜藤，在火上焙干后，研成末。每天2次，每次3克，用黄酒送服。功效：祛风、除湿、通络。治慢性腰痛。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　腰椎间盘突出患者在患病期间要注意饮食健康，在平时要注意饮食应以蔬菜水果为主。疏菜放一点盐和油煮熟，吃荣喝汤;多喝新鲜的果汁，使肠退内有较多纤维素而保持水分，促进肠蠕动，防止便秘。因便秘会使疥状加重。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　<strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　治疗措施</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　很多腰椎间盘突出患者在患病接受治疗后，会发现病情不仅没有好转，而且还会导致患病的病情加重。那是因为腰椎间盘突出患者对疾病没有选择正确的治疗方 法，腰间盘突出症存在保守治疗误区。保守治疗一成不变：有些诊所利用病人害怕手术的心理，极力宣传某一保守治疗方法的效果，不顾病人疗效如何一用到底。例 如盲目长时间大重量骨盆牵引，频繁反复的硬膜外激素注射治疗，或反复多次的麻醉下重力推拿等，以致延误诊治或出现并发症。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　现在最常见的治疗方法就是椎间孔镜下腰椎椎间盘突出治疗方法，就是微创脊柱外科治疗理念和方法。它弥补了保守治疗，时间长，疗效不确定的缺点，具有外科治疗疗效确切的优点，同时克服了外科治疗创伤大的缺点。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　当然治疗腰椎间盘突出还有就是显微镜下突出间盘摘除术，治疗腰椎间盘突出。这种治疗方法切口和操作均与小切口手术相似，只是将显微镜来辅助医生的肉眼，将事物放大，提高手术精细度。这种治疗腰椎间盘突出的方法缺点是，如此一来，操作视野变小，需要熟练的应用。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1797","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"8134","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"腰椎间盘突出有哪些并发疾病","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511425560924.jpg\" title=\"腰椎间盘突出有哪些并发疾病\" alt=\"腰椎间盘突出有哪些并发疾病\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">可发生以下并发症：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">　　本病的退变过程先从关节软骨开始，由表层关节软骨改变进行性延及关节软骨全层。随生物化学的改变，出现对压力和张力承受能力降低，大量纤维组织形成，深部劈开碎裂，最后软骨完全侵蚀，软骨下骨外露。与软骨表面早期改变的同时软骨下骨血管增多，血管深达钙化层，穿透病灶。由于关节软骨被侵蚀，软骨下板层骨及其相邻骨小梁增厚和变粗。在病理改变上主要是表现为局灶性关节软骨的退行性变，软骨下骨质硬化，边缘性骨软骨骨赘形成和关节畸形。临床上表现为反复发作性疼痛，渗出性滑膜炎、关节僵硬和进行性活动受限。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1797","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"1777","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"腰椎间盘突出症正骨能治愈吗","content":"<p><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', Helvetica, 'microsoft yahei', simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: #fcfcfc;\">男,22岁。左胯部臀部疼痛。仰卧直抬腿大概六十度时左小腿大腿感到疼痛。站直后仰时也一样。</span><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', Helvetica, 'microsoft yahei', simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: #fcfcfc;\">正骨能否治愈？需要几次，费用多少？</span></p>","barId":"1797","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"2388","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"腰椎间盘突出症急性发作如何快速缓解","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">女,39岁。前几天因下蹲没注意抻了一下，腰间盘突出症状又急性发作了，现在腰不疼，还是左腿神经压迫疼，而且疼的比较厉害，目前在服用弥可保＋西乐葆＋迈之灵＋妙纳，我这才刚开始疼痛还没缓解，西乐葆镇痛没效果，疼厉害了能吃奥施康定吗？好像是强度止痛药。</span></p>","barId":"1797","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"1813","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"腰椎间盘突出有哪些症状 治疗方法怎么选","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　椎间盘突出症是临床上较为常见的脊柱疾病之一。主要是因为椎间盘各组成部分（髓核、纤维环、软骨板），尤其是髓核，发生不同程度的退行性病变后，在外界因素的作用下，椎间盘的纤维环破裂，髓核组织从破裂之处突出（或脱出）于后（侧）方或椎管内，从而导致相邻的组织，如脊神经根和脊髓等受到刺激或压迫，产生颈、肩、腰腿痛，麻木等一系列临床症状。按发病部位分为颈椎间盘突出症、胸椎间盘突出症、腰椎间盘突出症。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　椎间盘突出症的症状有哪些？</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　1、颈椎间盘突出症</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　临床表现主要视受压迫的组织而定。根据影像学上突出位置的不同，本病可分为以下三种类型：中央型、侧方型及旁中央型。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　（1）中央型以颈髓受压为主要表现。以前认为此型突出较少见，随着诊断技术的发展，特别是MRI技术问世之后，中央型颈椎间盘突出症已不再少见。因脊髓受压，可出现四肢不完全性或完全性瘫痪以及大小便异常；与此同时，四肢腱反射呈现亢进。病理反射征可显示阳性，并按突出平面不同而出现感觉减退或消失。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　（2）侧方型以根性痛为主。主要症状为颈痛、活动受限，犹如落枕，疼痛可放射至肩部或枕部；一侧上肢有疼痛和麻木感。在发作间歇期，患者可以毫无症状。查体时发现头颈部常处于僵直位，活动受限。下颈椎棘突及肩胛部可有压痛。如头向后并侧向患侧，头顶加压即可引起颈肩痛，并向手部放射。牵拉患侧上肢可引起疼痛。感觉障碍因椎间盘突出平面不同而表现各异。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　（3）旁中央型除有侧方型症状和体征外，尚有不同程度单侧脊髓受压症状，即Brown-Sequard综合征。常因发生剧烈的根性疼痛而掩盖了脊髓压迫症。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　2、胸椎间盘突出症</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　胸椎间盘突出的表现变化多样，没有一项特异的表现可用于诊断，其症状和体征由间盘突出的情况决定，包括间盘突出的节段、大小、方向、压迫的时间，血管受损程度和椎管的大小。在有症状的病人，病变常是进行性发展的。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　患者常是先出现胸背痛，随后是感觉障碍，无力和大小便功能障碍。脊柱可有轻度侧弯及椎节局限性疼痛、压痛及叩痛。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　3、腰椎间盘突出症</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　（1）腰痛是大多数患者最先出现的症状，发生率约91%。由于纤维环外层及后纵韧带受到髓核刺激，经窦椎神经而产生下腰部感应痛，有时可伴有臀部疼痛。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　（2）下肢放射痛虽然高位腰椎间盘突出（腰2～3、腰3～4）可以引起股神经痛，但临床少见，不足5%。绝大多数患者是腰4～5、腰5～骶1间隙突出，表现为坐骨神经痛。典型坐骨神经痛是从下腰部向臀部、大腿后方、小腿外侧直到足部的放射痛，在喷嚏和咳嗽等腹压增高的情况下疼痛会加剧。放射痛的肢体多为一侧，仅极少数中央型或中央旁型髓核突出者表现为双下肢症状。坐骨神经痛的原因有三：①破裂的椎间盘产生化学物质的刺激及自身免疫反应使神经根发生化学性炎症；②突出的髓核压迫或牵张已有炎症的神经根，使其静脉回流受阻，进一步加重水肿，使得对疼痛的敏感性增高；③受压的神经根缺血。上述三种因素相互关连，互为加重因素。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　（3）马尾神经症状向正后方突出的髓核或脱垂、游离椎间盘组织压迫马尾神经，其主要表现为大、小便障碍，会阴和肛周感觉异常。严重者可出现大小便失控及双下肢不完全性瘫痪等症状，临床上少见</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　腰椎间盘突出症的手术和非手术方法</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　（1）非手术疗法</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　腰椎间盘突出症大多数病人可以经非手术治疗缓解或治愈。其治疗原理并非将退变突出的椎间盘组织回复原位，而是改变椎间盘组织与受压神经根的相对位置或部分回纳，减轻对神经根的压迫，松解神经根的粘连，消除神经根的炎症，从而缓解症状。非手术治疗主要适用于：①年轻、初次发作或病程较短者；②症状较轻，休息后症状可自行缓解者；③影像学检查无明显椎管狭窄。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　1）绝对卧床休息初次发作时，应严格卧床休息，强调大、小便均不应下床或坐起，这样才能有比较好的效果。卧床休息3周后可以佩戴腰围保护下起床活动，3个月内不做弯腰持物动作。此方法简单有效，但较难坚持。缓解后，应加强腰背肌锻炼，以减少复发的几率。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　2）牵引治疗采用骨盆牵引，可以增加椎间隙宽度，减少椎间盘内压，椎间盘突出部分回纳，减轻对神经根的刺激和压迫，需要专业医生指导下进行。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　3）理疗和推拿、按摩可缓解肌肉痉挛，减轻椎间盘内压力，但注意暴力推拿按摩可以导致病情加重，应慎重。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　4）皮质激素硬膜外注射皮质激素是一种长效抗炎剂，可以减轻神经根周围炎症和粘连。一般采用长效皮质类固醇制剂+2%利多卡因行硬膜外注射。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　5）髓核化学溶解法利用胶原蛋白酶或木瓜蛋白酶，注入椎间盘内或硬脊膜与突出的髓核之间，选择性溶解髓核和纤维环，而不损害神经根，以降低椎间盘内压力或使突出的髓核变小从而缓解症状。但该方法有产生过敏反应的风险。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　（2）经皮髓核切吸术/髓核激光气化术</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　通过特殊器械在X线监视下进入椎间隙，将部分髓核绞碎吸出或激光气化，从而减轻椎间盘内压力达到缓解症状目的，适合于膨出或轻度突出的病人，不适合于合并侧隐窝狭窄或者已有明显突出的患者及髓核已脱入椎管内者。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: #333333;\">　　（3）手术治疗</strong></p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　1）手术适应证①病史超过三个月，严格保守治疗无效或保守治疗有效，但经常复发且疼痛较重者；②首次发作，但疼痛剧烈，尤以下肢症状明显，患者难以行动和入眠，处于强迫体位者；③合并马尾神经受压表现；④出现单根神经根麻痹，伴有肌肉萎缩、肌力下降；⑤合并椎管狭窄者。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　2）手术方法经后路腰背部切口，部分椎板和关节突切除，或经椎板间隙行椎间盘切除。中央型椎间盘突出，行椎板切除后，经硬脊膜外或硬脊膜内椎间盘切除。合并腰椎不稳、腰椎管狭窄者，需要同时行脊柱融合术。</p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 26px; padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal;\">　　近年来，显微椎间盘摘除、显微内镜下椎间盘摘除、经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除等微创外科技术使手术损伤减小，取得了良好的效果。</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1797","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"8127","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家向您解答  腰椎间盘突出病因","content":"<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1511423174421.jpg\" title=\"专家向您解答  腰椎间盘突出病因\" alt=\"专家向您解答  腰椎间盘突出病因\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(一)发病原因</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">是由于腰椎间盘的退行性变及突出</span>,刺激神经根及窦椎神经产生一系列的临床表现。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">本病的病因可有以下几点：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(1)腰椎间盘的退行性改变：髓核的退变主要表现为含水量的降低，并可因失水引起推节失稳、松动等小范围的病理改变;纤维环的退变主要表现为坚韧程度的降低。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(2)外力的作用：长期反复的外力造成的轻微损害，日积月累地作用于腰椎间盘，加重了退变的程度。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(3)椎间盘自身解剖因素的弱点：①椎间盘在成人之后逐渐缺乏血液循环，修复能力差。在上述因素作用的基础上，某种可导致椎间盘所承受压力突然升高的诱发因素，就可能使弹性较差的髓核穿过已变得不太坚韧的纤维环，从而造成髓核突出。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(二)发病机制</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1.主要病因 众所周知，腰椎间盘在脊柱的负荷与运动中承受强大的压应力。大约在20岁以后，椎间盘开始退变，并构成腰椎间盘突出症的基本病因。此外，腰椎间盘突出症与下列因素有关：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(1)外伤：对临床病例的观察表明：外伤是椎间盘突出的重要因素，特别是儿童与青少年的发病，与之密切相关。在脊柱轻度负荷和快速旋转时，可引起纤维环的水平破裂，而压应力主要使软骨终板破裂。亦有人认为，外伤只是引起椎间盘突出的诱因，原始病变在于无痛的髓核突入内层纤维环，而外伤使髓核进一步突出到外面有神经支配的外层纤维环，从而引起疼痛。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(2)职业：职业与腰椎间盘突(脱)出的关系十分密切，例如，汽车和拖拉机驾驶员长期处于坐位和颠簸状态，以致在驾驶汽车时，椎间盘内压力较高，可达0.5kPa/cm2，在踩离合器时压力可增加至1kPa/cm2，容易造成腰椎间盘突出。从事重体力劳动和举重运动者因过度负荷更易造成椎间盘退变，因在弯腰状态下，如果提20kg的重物，椎间盘内的压力可增加到30kPa/cm2以上。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(3)遗传因素：腰椎间盘突出症有家族性发病的报道，在国内材料较少;此外，统计数字表明，印第安人、非洲黑种人和因纽特人的发病率较其他民族的发病率明显为低，其原因有待进一步研究。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(4)腰骶先天异常：腰骶段畸形可使发病率增高，包括腰椎骶化、骶椎腰化、半椎体畸形、小关节畸形和关节突不对称等。上述因素可使下腰椎承受的应力发生改变，从而构成椎间盘内压升高和易发生退变、损伤的因素之一。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2.诱发因素 本病除上述各种主要原因，即椎间盘的退行性变所致外，各种诱发因素亦具有重要作用，例如，某些稍许增加腹压的因素即可使髓核突出。其原因主要是，在椎间盘退行性变的基础上，某种可诱发椎间隙压力突然升高的因素致使呈游离状态的髓核穿过已变性、薄化的纤维环进入椎管前方或穿过椎板侵入椎体边缘处。此种诱发因素大致有以下几种：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(1)增加腹压：临床上约有1/3的病例于发病前有明确的增加腹压的因素，诸如剧烈的咳嗽、喷嚏、屏气、用力排便、甚至“虚恭”动作等，即可使腹压升高而破坏椎节与椎管之间的平衡状态。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(2)腰姿不正：无论是睡眠时还是在日常生活、工作中，当腰部处于屈曲位时，如突然加以旋转，则易诱发髓核突出。实际上，在此体位时，椎间隙内的压力也较高，易促使髓核向后方突出。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(3)突然负重：一个训练有素者，多先做准备活动，或从小重量开始负重(如举重、挑担等)以防腰部扭伤或椎间盘突出，但如果突然使腰部负荷增加，不仅有可能引起腰部扭伤，也易引起髓核突出。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(4)妊娠：妊娠期间整个韧带系统处于松弛状态，后纵韧带松弛易于使椎间盘膨出。对此，作者进行了有关的调查研究，发现在此时，孕妇腰背痛的发生率明显高于正常人。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">总之，引起腰椎间盘突出症的诱发因素较为复杂，目前虽进行了各种试验，但由于动物实验的推论性，新鲜尸体标本的失真性，以及去脊柱周围组织生物力学测试的局限性等，目前尚未真正找出诱发本病的确切因素及其机制，还有待今后进一步研讨。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(5)腰部外伤使已退变的髓核突出。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(6)受寒与受湿。寒冷或潮湿可引起小血管收缩、肌肉痉挛，使椎间盘的压力增加，也可能造成退变的椎间盘担裂。外在因素为负重过大或快速弯腰、侧屈、旋转形成纤维环破裂，或腰部外伤，日常生活工作姿势不当，也可发生腰椎间盘突出。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3. 腰椎间盘突出症好发人群：</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(1)从年龄上讲：腰椎间盘突出症好发于青壮年。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(2)从性别上讲：腰椎间盘突出症多见于男性，男性的发病率高于女性，一般认为男性与女性之比为4～12∶1。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(3)从体型上讲：一般过于肥胖或过于瘦弱的人易致腰椎间盘突出。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(4)从职业上讲：以劳动强度较大的产业工人多见。但目前来看脑力劳动者的发病率也并不很低。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(5)从姿势上讲：工作姿势不良。排伏案工作人员及经常站立的售货员、纺织工人等较多见。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(6)从生活和工作环境上讲：经常处于寒冷或潮湿的环境，都在一定程度上成为诱发腰椎间盘突出症的条件。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(7)从女性的不同时期讲：产前、产后及更年期为女性腰椎间盘突出的危险期。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">(8)先天性腰椎发育不良或畸形的人，甚至精神过于紧张的人易患腰腿痛，吸烟的人可能与咳嗽会引起椎间盘内压及椎管内的压力增高，使其易于发生退行性改变有关。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p>","barId":"1797","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"14459","isDel":0,"createAt":1530849536463,"createBy":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"王可可","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"医疗纠纷维权可能承担的法律责任","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">根据《侵权责任法》第</span>64条的规定，医疗机构及其医务人员的合法权益受法律保护。干扰医疗秩序，妨害医务人员工作、生活的，应当依法承担法律责任。当前医患双方的极度不信任导致医患关系的紧张，这种紧张状态又促使医疗纠纷不断升级，对于部分“医闹”行为，政府和卫生、司法部门也往往从维护社会稳定大局出发，本着息事宁人、息诉罢访的原则，采取医疗机构赔偿了事的办法，化解医疗纠纷，一定程度上在社会上造成了医疗纠纷“大闹大解决，小闹小解决”的认识，助长了患者家属闹医、闹访的心理倾向，给医疗单位造成了不同程度的负担。这不利于医患双方权利的平衡和利益的协调，因此《侵权责任法》认为不仅仅要为遭受医疗过错损害的患者提供保护，同样，对于医疗机构及其医务人员的合法权益也要充分保护。从长远来看，医疗行业的健康、有序发展是整个社会公益的需要。</span></p><p style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1530849712583.jpg\" title=\"医疗纠纷维权可能承担的法律责任\" alt=\"医疗纠纷维权可能承担的法律责任\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></span></p><p style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><br/></span></p><p style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　需要说明的是，对于干扰医疗秩序，妨害医务人员工作、生活的，应当依法承担法律责任，这里的法律责任不仅仅包括民事赔偿责任，还涉及行政责任和刑事责任。《执业医师法》第</span>40条规定，阻碍医师依法执业，侮辱、诽谤、威胁、殴打医师或者侵犯医师人身自由、干扰医师正常工作、生活的，依照治安管理处罚法的规定处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。</span></p><p style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">　　《治安管理处罚法》第</span>23条第1款第1项规定：扰乱机关、团体、企业、事业单位秩序，致使工作、生产、营业、医疗、教学、科研不能正常进行，尚未造成严重损失的，处警告或者200元以下罚款；情节较重的，处5日以上10日以下拘留，可以并处500元以下罚款。同时，该条第2款规定，聚众实施前款行为的，对首要分子处10日以上15日以下拘留，可以并处1000元以下罚款。而如果过激行为构成寻衅滋事、故意伤害、故意杀人等，也将依据《刑法》依法追究刑事责任。</span></p><p style=\"text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">因此，为了自己和家人，我们在遇到医疗纠纷时，要注意理性维权，不要随意采取过激行为，既伤害了无辜的医务人员，也给自己的生活带来麻烦。</span></span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1797","topicTypeId":"2","topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":1350,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":1,"publishTime":1530849536464,"isCream":0,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":1,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":1530849536464,"metaSearch":null,"rn":null},"userAllInfo":{"id":null,"isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":null,"password":null,"level":0,"nickName":null,"realName":null,"signName":null,"head":null,"phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":null,"address":null,"identityType":0,"userType":0,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":0,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":0,"forumUser":{"id":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1509170261557,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"username":"王可可","password":"wrj123123","level":0,"nickName":"搁浅","realName":null,"signName":"总有一天你的努力会收获","head":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1520299822787.jpg","phone":null,"mobile":null,"wechat":null,"qq":null,"email":"1516932689@qq.com","address":null,"identityType":7,"userType":2,"isPhoneBind":0,"status":0,"accountSource":0,"isStrangerMsg":0,"departmentId":null,"departmentName":null,"sex":1,"provinceId":"110000","cityId":"","userLevel":0,"modifyNameCount":1},"forumUserActiveInfo":{"id":"e8fcc8c5bba411e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":1532599744412,"updateBy":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","updateName":"1516932689@qq.com","userId":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","topicCount":3583,"replayCount":47,"favorteCount":0,"beFavorteCount":0,"creamCount":0,"focusCount":0,"fansCount":0,"integralCount":6027,"foodCouponCount":8120,"lastLoginTime":0,"lastLoginIp":null,"downloadCount":0,"uploadCount":0},"newPass":null,"focusBar":null,"counter":null,"forumUserIdentificateDto":null},"theme":{"id":"1032","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"topicTypeId":"2","topicTypeName":"治疗","themeName":"病友社区","barType":"102","schemaName":2,"reward":0},"page":1,"favorties":true,"isSelf":false,"order":"asc"}