{"nowTime30":1782381725062,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"在生活中，医疗纠纷是很常见的一种纠纷形式，而法律上对医疗纠纷的责任追究也有相关的制度规定。以下是由找良医网为大家整理的医疗纠纷责任的追究制度，希望能帮到你们。\n\n\n\n医疗纠纷责任追究的制度\n\n　　(一)、医疗纠纷责任追究制度是执行医疗质量和医疗安全的核心制度，是良好解决医疗纠纷和医疗事故，尤其是进一","keywords":"医疗纠纷责任的追究_洞医","title":"医疗纠纷责任的追究_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":"694a92a2e9ed11e7a3d800163e04584d","isDel":0,"createAt":1514259154100,"createBy":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"1516932689@qq.com","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","realName":"王瑞","certifiedStatus":2,"phone":"18201617331","email":"1516932689@qq.com","hospitalId":"14654","departmentId":"2032","illName":"冠心病","illId":"14fcc36fbadb11e6a61c00163e04584d","cardType":2,"cardImg":"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/1533708809392.jpg","idCardImg":"","identityType":2,"stop":0,"departmentName":"心血管内科","hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1937","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430801976,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"尿毒症","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"0476f072badb11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:尿毒症论坛_尿毒症论坛贴吧_病友交流平台_病友论坛，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症论坛_尿毒症论坛贴吧_病友交流平台_病友论坛\",\"title\":\"尿毒症论坛_尿毒症论坛贴吧_病友交流平台_病友论坛\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症治疗方法_尿毒症早期如何治疗_尿毒症怎么治疗最好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症治疗方法_尿毒症早期如何治疗_尿毒症怎么治疗最好\",\"title\":\"尿毒症治疗方法_尿毒症早期如何治疗_尿毒症怎么治疗最好\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症的早期表现_尿毒症早期状态_尿毒症的症状有哪些等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症的早期表现_尿毒症早期状态_尿毒症的症状有哪些\",\"title\":\"尿毒症的早期表现_尿毒症早期状态_尿毒症的症状有哪些\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症透析后遗症_尿毒症治愈后后遗症_尿毒症的危害等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症透析后遗症_尿毒症治愈后后遗症_尿毒症的危害\",\"title\":\"尿毒症透析后遗症_尿毒症治愈后后遗症_尿毒症的危害\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症吃什么食物最好_尿毒症不能吃的东西_尿毒症吃啥东西好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症吃什么食物最好_尿毒症不能吃的东西_尿毒症吃啥东西好\",\"title\":\"尿毒症吃什么食物最好_尿毒症不能吃的东西_尿毒症吃啥东西好\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症是怎么引起的_怎么导致尿毒症_怎么样会得尿毒症等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症是怎么引起的_怎么导致尿毒症_怎么样会得尿毒症\",\"title\":\"尿毒症是怎么引起的_怎么导致尿毒症_怎么样会得尿毒症\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症是遗传病吗_尿毒症可以治愈吗_尿毒症晚期还能活多久等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症是遗传病吗_尿毒症可以治愈吗_尿毒症晚期还能活多久\",\"title\":\"尿毒症是遗传病吗_尿毒症可以治愈吗_尿毒症晚期还能活多久\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:怎样预防尿毒症的发生_怎样预防尿毒症?_平时怎么预防尿毒症等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"怎样预防尿毒症的发生_怎样预防尿毒症?_平时怎么预防尿毒症\",\"title\":\"怎样预防尿毒症的发生_怎样预防尿毒症?_平时怎么预防尿毒症\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症早期症状表现_儿童尿毒症症状有哪些症状_尿毒症有遗传吗_尿毒症病友的治疗经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症早期症状表现_儿童尿毒症症状有哪些症状_尿毒症有遗传吗\",\"title\":\"尿毒症早期症状表现_儿童尿毒症症状有哪些症状_尿毒症有遗传吗\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"4316","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"透析患者注意事项","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486395052778.jpg\" title=\"1486395052778.jpg\" alt=\"u=2844100754,3884520660&amp;fm=23&amp;gp=0.jpg\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp;(l)首次来我科透析患者必须携带传染病（乙肝丙肝梅毒艾滋病）检查结果；最好同时携带凝血四项和血常规结果；携带身份证或身份证号码。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(2)&nbsp;<span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);\">有身体出血如尿血、便血、鼻出血、皮肤瘀斑等需要告知我科接诊医生；近期如果做过手术或准备手术也需要告知我科接诊医生；有<a href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/ningxuegongnengzhangai.htm\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: none;\">出血倾向</a>的患者需要在医生指导下应用低分子肝素或阿加曲班。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp;(3)饮食：患者进行透析治疗，和之前非透析治疗饮食不同，透析患者需要优质高蛋白饮食、高热量、低盐低钾低磷饮食。透析时的饮食：透析2小时后一般需要进食，可进面食、红薯、糖块等，但低血压患者不要进食过多。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(4)透析间期（即两次透析治疗之间）体重增长：严格控制水分摄入，每天体重增长不超过1公斤，体重增长过多容易导致心衰发作、透析过程中低血压等急性以及长期并发症发生。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(5)关于降压药物的应用：一般而言，若上午透析，早上降压药物减量或不用；下午透析，中午降压药物减量或不用。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp;(6)关于<a href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/tangniaobing.htm\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: none;\">糖尿病</a>患者胰岛素应用：因透析液是无糖溶液，透析过程中容易出现低 &nbsp;血糖反应，故可能透析当天的胰岛素用量需要调整，请与医师沟通。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(7)血液净化治疗有多种治疗模式，其中最常见的是透析治疗，其他常见治疗还有：透析滤过( HDF，双泵)、血液灌流等。透析，滤过主要清除中分子毒素，血液灌流主要清除大分子毒素，为防止尿毒症患耆心<a href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/naoxueguanbing.htm\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: none;\">脑血管病</a>等多种并发症的发生，建议尿毒症患者，应每周3次透析治疗，其中包括1-3次透析滤过；每月至少1次血液灌流治疗。</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"1134","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"尿毒症能吃什么食物","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img title=\"1486395776840.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486395776840.jpg\" alt=\"20130928113801-2014794721.jpg\" /><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">尿毒症是肾脏病发展的最终阶段。肾病患者发病早期如果得不到及时有效的治疗</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">最终就会致使病情发展到尿毒症阶段。那么尿毒症能吃什么食物</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;\">?</span></p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体, Arial, Helvetica; line-height: 28px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、多吃牛奶、鸡蛋、瘦肉、鱼等动物蛋白</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">少吃豆制品等植物蛋白</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">由于植物蛋白利用率低</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">会加重尿毒症。老年患者蛋白缺乏更为常见。肌肉萎缩</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">体重减轻</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">所需的蛋白量相对要高一些。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、充足的热量才能保证人体蛋白质的贮存。假如补充不足</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">可导致营养不良。补充过多</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">可引起高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化等疾病。摄取的热量中以谷类食品为主</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">少吃蔗糖、果实类食品。尽量少吃脂肪</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">特别是动物性脂肪。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、食品纤维既防止便秘</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">又有利于降低血清胆固醇和甘油三脂。人体天天食品纤维需要量为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">20</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">克左右。食品纤维含量丰富的有薯类</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">(</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">土豆、红薯等</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">)</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、粗粮</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">(</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">玉米面、高梁面、荞麦面、燕麦面等</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">)</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、蔬菜、水果及硬果食品</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">(</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">花生、核桃等</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">)</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">。血透患者若天天食用</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">270</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">克蔬菜</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">就可提供</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">20</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">克食品纤维。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、尿量少或透析次数少、血钾高的病人</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">必须严格控制含钾高的食品</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">如梨、香蕉等。有严重高血压、水肿或血钠较高者</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">应控制钠的摄进</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">天天进食盐</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">4-5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">克或更少。少尿、高血压、浮肿的患者</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">还应严格限制饮水</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">天天饮水量不宜超过排出的尿量。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">尿毒症的护理措施</span></strong></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、充分休息。尿毒症病人应保证充足的休息和良好的营养</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">不要从事力所不及的活动。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、避免有损肾脏的化学物质。要避免含有镉、氯仿、乙烯乙二醇和四氯乙烯的用品和环境。它们一般存在于杀虫剂、汽车尾气、涂料、建筑物和家用清洁剂中。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、限制含镐量高的食物。已经在一般家庭用品中发现一些化学元素与急性和慢性肾病有关联</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">只要仔细阅读产品的说明</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">多采取一些预防措施</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">是町以避免这些有害物质的。镉</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">:</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">这种稀有金属用于生产杀虫剂、橡皮轮胎以及塑料、涂料和其他产品。由于镉的工业用途很广</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">已经大范围地在一些食品和水中发现。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、限制摄人含镉量高的食物</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">如由动物肝和肾制成的食物、比目鱼、蚌类、扇贝、牡蚝以及在污泥中长成的蔬菜。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、确保用来喷涂和工艺用涂料、染料、瓷钠不含镉。不要使用古董的烹调用具</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">因为这些器具上涂有含镉制成的色素。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、勿抽烟。烟对肾脏有害无益。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、采用低蛋白饮食。对尿毒症患者应给予低蛋白饮食</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">正常成人每公斤体重需要蛋白量</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">&mdash;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1.5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">克</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">尿毒症病人只能进食</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">0.5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">克</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">/</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">公斤以下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">以减少体内氮质代谢产物的生成和潴留。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">如何预防尿毒症</span></strong></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">1</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、增强体质</span></strong></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">预防肾脏病的最主要措施</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">是加强身体锻炼</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">增强机体的抗病能力。锻炼身体的方式有多种</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">散步、长跑、跳舞、登山、划船、武术、气功、太极拳等</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">皆有利于增强体质</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">提高机体抵抗力</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">防止感染细菌病毒后免疫反应性损害的发生。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span></strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、预防感染</span></strong></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">肾炎的发生常与上呼吸道感染等有关</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">常以外受风寒、风热、风湿、湿热、热毒之邪为始因。因此</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">要预防肾炎的发病</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">就应注意天气寒暖的变化</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">应避免阴雨天外出</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">避免汗出当风</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">涉水冒雨</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">穿潮湿衣服</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">时刻警惕外邪的侵袭。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">3</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、有病早治</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">皮肤的疮疖痒疹</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">上呼吸道感染</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">扁桃体炎反复发作</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">有发生肾炎的可能。因此</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">有病早治非常必要。保持下阴的清洁</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">勤换衣裤</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">可防止泌尿系感染</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">保持大便的通畅</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">定时排便</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">有利于代谢废物的排除。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">4</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、慎用肾毒药物</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">氨基糖苷类抗生素如庆大霉素、卡那霉素、链霉素以及丁胺卡那霉素、多粘菌素、四环素、万古霉素、二性霉素</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">B</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、先素</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">2</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">号等抗生素</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">均有一定肾毒性</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">或容易引起肾损害</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">所以尽量不用。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">5</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">、起居有常</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">养成良好的生活习惯</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">对身体健康非常重要。因为生活不规律</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">睡眠不充足</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">暴饮暴食</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">酒色过度</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">劳逸无度</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">均可降低人体对外邪的抵抗力</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">增加患病的机会。所以</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">日常生活中</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">应劳逸结合</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">定时作息</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">以维持人体阴阳平衡</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">,</span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;\">气血调畅。</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":5},{"id":"10067","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"经常困倦乏力 警惕尿毒症7大早期症状","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1514521176855.jpg\" title=\"经常困倦乏力 警惕尿毒症7大早期症状\" alt=\"经常困倦乏力 警惕尿毒症7大早期症状\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">尿毒症</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">不是一个独立的疾病，是慢性肾功能衰竭进入终末阶段时出现的一系列临床表现所组成的综合征，因其病情迁延、易复发，比较难治。因此多了解一下</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">尿毒症的早期症状</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">，有助于预防尿毒症的发生。那么</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">尿毒症的早期症</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">状有哪些呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">尿毒症早期症状</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、困倦、乏力</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">因为引起困倦、乏力的原因的确太多了。特别是那些在事业上</span>“全力搏杀”的人，大多将之归咎于工作紧张和劳累。若稍加休息而症状好转，则更易忽视。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、腰痛</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">无明确原因的腰背酸痛，应检查肾脏、脊椎及腰背部肌肉等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、面色泛黄</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">面色泛黄、脸色苍白本来是由于尿毒症病人体内毒素淤积，造血功能减弱从而出现的贫血症状，但这种症状被误诊的情况很是常见，总是被当做缺铁性贫血。所以当出现尿毒症这一容易误诊的早期症状时，且不明原因时，建议最好做一个全身性的体检包括肾功能、尿毒症、肾脏</span>B超等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4、浮肿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">因为尿毒症病人肾脏功能减退，体内多余的水分不能清除而导致液体滞留在体内组织间隙，早期仅在踝部及眼睑部浮肿，休息后消失，若发展到持续性或全身性浮肿时，考虑病不轻矣，已经不是尿毒症的早期症状这样简单。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5、尿量改变</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">由于肾脏滤过功能下降，部分病人随病程进展尿量会逐渐减少。即便是尿量正常，由于尿液中所排除的毒素减少，质量下降，不能排出体内过多的废物，所以在一定程度上尿量并不能完全说明您肾脏功能的好坏。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6、高血压</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">因为肾脏有排钠、排水的功能，肾功能受损时体内会发生钠和水的蓄留，另外，此时肾脏会分泌一些升高血压的物质。因此，尿毒症病人早期会有不同程度的高血压。若有高血压加之凝血机制差易致鼻或齿龈出血，要引起注意。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">7、胃口不佳</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">这是由于尿毒素潴留，影响消化功能所致，多数人不以为然。待病情发展，将会出现腹部闷胀不适、恶心、呕吐，甚至大便次数增多。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"13923","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"什么人容易得尿毒症","content":"<p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(75, 75, 75);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">我表弟这段时间身体就很虚弱，而且尿频，尿不净，腰也酸痛，去医院检查，医生说他得了尿毒症，而且医生还说现在像我弟弟这样的年轻人得尿毒症的很多，听到这样的噩耗，家人心里都很难受。还这么小就然就得了这个疾病，那么到现在年轻人容也很容易得尿毒症？</span></span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":7},{"id":"20511","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"尿毒症去世家属起诉未让座乘客 网友表示奇葩","content":"<p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">【让座起争执</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">母亲次日尿毒症去世</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">女儿起诉</span>“未让座”乘客】大学生小雨和父母乘坐地铁，母亲有尿毒症，父亲用手拍了一女乘客甘某的腿，想让其让个座。因触碰到身体，甘某与父女发生争吵。母亲次日因病去世。女儿后起诉因甘某的原因致其母亲透析不及时而病故，请求判令甘某向其支付精神损害赔偿金5万元。法庭审理认为甘某并无过错。考虑到小雨刚刚成年且还在上学，甘某主动表示愿意向小雨救济1000元生活费。</span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 32px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1539424249210.jpg\" title=\"尿毒症去世家属起诉未让座乘客 网友表示奇葩\" alt=\"尿毒症去世家属起诉未让座乘客 网友表示奇葩\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/>&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">对此有网友表示：</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">广义地相对论</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">：</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">高级碰瓷啊</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">J-Sharoneeekim ： 我看到拍腿就不想看了[二哈]</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">瑜想静静</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">：</span> 1000块钱扔了也不应该给这个要饭的</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">橙橙橙橙卢：神经病，讹人也要有点限度。心疼妈妈为什么不打车</span></span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">我本丹青</span>1：有时候我就想，父母去世怎么还有心情像这种屁事</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px\">KAYEE橙：告回她父亲性骚扰</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":18},{"id":"2647","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"关爱肾脏,远离尿毒症","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486395965190.jpg\" title=\"1486395965190.jpg\" alt=\"20130928113801-2014794721.jpg\"/></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　日常生活中,人们对“尿毒症”的恐惧不亚于肿瘤。其实就目前来讲,尿毒症并没有那么可怕,虽然不能治愈,但是可以治疗并维持相当高的生活质量。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"color:#ffffff\">中国论文网 http://www.xzbu.com/6/view-2786965.htm</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　尿毒症,肾衰终末期&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　一般来讲,各种慢性肾脏疾病如果得不到良好的控制,都会影响到肾功能,逐渐发展到慢性肾衰竭(CRF)。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　医学定义中的尿毒症,是特指慢性肾衰竭的患者在肾功能恶化到一定程度后即进入尿毒症期(表1),它又可分为尿毒症早期和尿毒症晚期。2002年美国肾脏病基金会肾脏病病人生存质量指导(K/DOQI)提出新的慢性肾脏病分期(CKD分期)。根据不同慢性肾脏病患者的肾小球滤过率(GFR)水平,统一分为5期,而过去尿毒症患者的概念主要对应慢性肾脏病分期中的4~5期。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　慢性肾衰到尿毒症,不可避免但可控制&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　总体上讲,慢性肾衰竭到尿毒症的发展不可逆转,但其发展速度受很多因素影响,并非不可控制。因此,临床治疗中(尤其是早中期阶段)应抓住机会积极控制危险因素,争取病情好转。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　主要的危险因素包括高血压、蛋白尿、高血糖、低蛋白血症、吸烟等。此外,少量研究提示,贫血、高脂血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症、营养不良、老年、尿毒症毒素(如甲基胍、甲状旁腺激素、酚类)蓄积等,也可能起一定作用。在慢性肾衰发展过程中,肾功能可能出现急性加重,甚至迅速进展至尿毒症并威胁患者生命。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　阶段不同,症状各异&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　在慢性肾衰竭的不同阶段,其临床表现也各不相同。在代偿期和失代偿早期,患者可以无任何症状,或仅有乏力、腰酸、夜尿增多等轻度不适;少数患者可有食欲减退、代谢性酸中毒及轻度贫血。中期以后,上述症状更趋明显。到晚期尿毒症时,可出现急性心衰、严重高钾血症、消化道出血、中枢神经系统障碍、内分泌系统功能紊乱等,甚至有生命危险。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　及时治疗,延缓进展&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　对轻、中度慢性肾衰竭要及时进行治疗,尽可能延缓其进展,防止尿毒症的发生。其基本对策是:&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　坚持病因治疗&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　如对高血压肾病、糖尿病肾病、肾小球肾炎等,坚持长期合理治疗。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　避免或消除慢性肾衰急剧恶化的危险因素&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　①原发疾病(如慢性肾小球肾炎、高血压病、糖尿病、缺血性肾病等)复发或加重;②血容量不足(低血压、脱水、大出血或休克等);③肾脏局部血供急剧减少(如肾动脉狭窄患者应用ACEI类降血压药物);④严重高血压未能控制;⑤肾毒性药物;⑥泌尿道梗阻;⑦严重感染;⑧其他:高钙血症、严重肝功不全等。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　阻断或抑制肾单位损害渐进性发展的各种途径,保护健存肾单位&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　对患者血压、血糖、尿蛋白定量、血肌酐上升幅度、GFR下降幅度、营养状况等指标,都应当控制在 “理想范围”。血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)具有良好降压作用,还有独特的降低高滤过、减轻蛋白尿的作用,同时也有抗氧化、减轻肾小球基底膜损害等作用,是目前公认的慢性肾衰竭治疗药物。此外,要针对患者贫血、电解质紊乱、骨质破坏、水肿等进行相应对症治疗。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　替代疗法&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　当慢性肾衰患者发展到尿毒症晚期,经药物治疗不能缓解时,则应进行肾脏替代治疗。目前,替代治疗的手段包括血液透析、腹膜透析和肾移植。肾移植无疑是最理想的治疗手段,移植成功后患者可以恢复正常的肾功能,基本和正常人一样。但受到肾脏来源和移植排斥的限制,目前能接受肾移植的患者仍是少数。透析中血液透析和腹膜透析的疗效相近,各有优缺点,临床应用可互为补充。但透析疗法仅可部分替代肾的排泄功能,而不能代替其内分泌和代谢功能。未来最理想的方法是利用基因工程克隆出自己的肾脏进行替换,既安全又有效,还有待进一步研究。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　预防,永远摆在第一位&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　不管什么疾病,预防都是放在第一位的,尿毒症也不例外。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　控制危险因素&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　尽量控制慢性肾脏病的危险因素,包括控制血压、血糖、血脂、高尿酸等,避免服用肾毒性药物,及早发现早期肾病。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　常规检查&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　在每年常规体检时,加入尿常规、肾功能、肾脏B超这三大检查项目,结合血压等一般项目综合判断,能有效检出大部分肾脏病患者。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　高危人群定期检查&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　病史在5年以上的糖尿病患者、高血压患者、常年服用含马兜铃酸等中药的患者、使用某些抗生素及消炎镇痛药的患者、结缔组织病患者及有肾脏病病史的人都属于肾脏病的高危人群,更需要定期复查尿常规。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　一旦发现患有肾脏疾病,应及时到正规医院就诊。我们相信,在全社会共同努力下,战胜“尿毒症”将不只是梦想!&nbsp;</span></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3},{"id":"1595","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"尿毒症怎么回事","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><img title=\"1486395156522.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486395156522.jpg\" alt=\"11b2ceb2-4a8b-4172-9337-630370d190a7.jpg\" /></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　前段时间看到一篇报道：28岁的王小姐在北京大学就读博士，近一年来偶有恶心、呕吐等症状，以为是患了胃肠疾病，配些胃药来服，也未引起重视，此次放假回家时因突发气喘、呕吐而送医院急救，经检查后被确诊为尿毒症，只得接受透析治疗和等待肾移植。读后我觉得非常可惜，如果王小姐对尿毒症的一些基础知识有所了解，能够及早发现，及早治疗，就有可能避免这样的结果。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">中国论文网 http://www.xzbu.com/6/view-2877765.htm</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　我们在介绍尿毒症之前先来了解一下肾脏，肾脏是人体最主要的排泄器官，它以尿形成的方式排除体内的代谢废物，同时对人体的水盐代谢和离子平衡起调节作用，以维持机体内环境理化性质的相对稳定，此外，肾还有分泌多种生物活性物质的功能。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　如果因各种原因造成慢性进行性肾实质的损害，致使肾脏不能维持其基本功能，从而呈现氮质血症、代谢紊乱和各系统受累等一系列临床症状的综合征，称为慢性肾功能衰竭。根据肾功能损害程度，一般分为四期，肾功能代偿期：这时肾储备能力虽已丧失，但对于排泄代谢产物，调节水、电解质及酸碱平衡能力尚好，患者无特殊感觉；肾功能检查，内生肌酐清除率大于50%，血肌酐小于133微摩尔/升。氮质血症期：患者出现夜尿或多尿，轻度的贫血，感到乏力、食欲减退、恶心及全身轻度不适等。严重者也会出现呕吐、腹泻。肾功能检查，内生肌酐清除率在25%~50%，血肌酐133~221微摩尔/升。肾功能衰竭期，亦称尿毒症早期：患者可能有明显贫血及胃肠道症状，如恶心、呕吐、食欲下降；同时也有乏力、注意力不集中、精神不振等症状。肾功能检查，内生肌酐清除率在10%~25%，血肌酐221~442微摩尔/升。肾功能衰竭终末期，亦即尿毒症晚期：这时患者表现为全身脏器功能衰竭，如血压增高、心慌、胸闷、恶心、呕吐、烦躁不安、不能平卧、呼吸困难、严重贫血、抽搐，严重者可发生昏迷，需要依靠透析维持生命，常可因脑水肿、肺水肿、心功能衰竭而突然死亡。肾功能检查，内生肌酐清除率小于10%，血肌酐大于442微摩尔/升。由此可知，由于早期症状不是很明显，常常难以发觉，当症状严重时，已经发展成尿毒症晚期，从而错过了最佳的治疗时机。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　那么，尿毒症是如何产生的呢？据资料介绍，我国半数以上尿毒症患者是由慢性肾小球肾炎发展而来。这部分病人常有肾炎病史及慢性疾病过程。另有五分之一的慢性肾功能衰竭患者是由慢性肾盂肾炎发展而来。以女性患者居多，常有反复的泌尿系感染史。亦有部分患者以慢性肾功能衰竭为首先出现的症状而来就诊。此外，日前在沪召开的有关肾脏保护研究最新进展研讨会上公布的最新统计资料显示，每三个尿毒症病人中就有一人是由糖尿病肾病发展而来的，糖尿病肾病已成为导致尿毒症的重要因素。我国是亚洲糖尿病高发的国家之一，目前约有3000余万糖尿病患者，其中90%以上为2型糖尿病。由于2型糖尿病没有典型的&ldquo;三多一少&rdquo;症状，即喝水多、吃得多、小便多、体重减少，从而使多达67%的糖尿病患者没有得到诊断。即便是被确诊的糖尿病人中，在治疗时也只有不到四分之一的患者进行尿微量白蛋白的检测，因此许多患者未能及早发现糖尿病肾病这一致命性并发症的发生。与此同时，由于半数以上的糖尿病患者合并有高血压，而有资料介绍，15%的高血压会发展为尿毒症，而血压控制得好坏，直接影响着尿毒症的发生、发展、疗效和预后。目前还存在着选用降压药物时也极少关注对肾脏、心脏等靶器官的保护的问题。除上述情况外，全身系统性疾病如系统性红斑狼疮、过敏性紫癜、痛风、多发性骨髓瘤等均可造成肾损害，最终导致肾功能衰竭。先天性多囊肾及一些少见病如结节性多动脉炎、巨球蛋白血症以及可引起下尿路慢性梗阻如前列腺肥大等均可造成慢性肾功能衰竭。艾滋病病毒感染引起的尿毒症也呈上升趋势，现已占到尿毒症诱因的1%。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　鉴于以上情况，及时发现，及早治疗是非常关键和重要的，因此我们平时应该做到以下几点：①每半年或1年做1次健康体检，体检项目应包括肾功能（血肌酐、尿素氮、肌酐清除率）、肾B超、血尿常规等。②预防那些能导致肾功能损害疾病的发生，已经发生的疾病，要积极治疗，控制其发展，并密切监测肾功能，最敏感的指标是肌酐清除率，每3到6个月检查1次。③避免使用肾毒性的药物，避免接触有毒物质。④尿毒症早期患者应积极治疗，增强其他脏腑对肾功能进行代偿的能力，从而减轻肾脏负担，促进受损肾功能恢复，使肾功能长期稳定在正常范围。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　得了尿毒症以后，大家首先想到的是血液透析，那么是不是所有的尿毒症患者均需要血液透析呢？一般来说，血肌酐在500微摩尔/升以下，自身感觉无大碍及没有其它合并症的病人是可以不作血透的，采用积极的药物治疗，但药物治疗的患者千万不可性急，因肾脏肾单位就有100万多个，患者肾功能损伤后，再好的医疗技术也需要一个过程，肾功能的修复也是逐渐进行的，好象身上的刀伤，修复痊愈是需要时间的。如尿毒症病人体内毒素过多或自身感觉差并伴有合并症时，那么此时病人应积极地作血透，否则随时会有生命危险，应在无生命危险的前提下再作其它方面的积极治疗。当然也应该了解到，透析作为一种辅助性手段，可以及时将这些毒素排出体外，起到快速的缓解症状的作用，对酸中毒、心力衰竭等症状起到较快的调节作用。但这种治疗不过是代替肾脏行使其功能，通过外力将毒素排出，它只能起到暂时的缓解，依然解决不了根本的问题。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　总而言之，早期发现，早期治疗，是预防尿毒症发生的关键所在。</span></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"5561","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"尿毒症女孩拒父亲割肾 ","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;山东东营，</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">15</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">岁女孩李明月患尿毒症，透析</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">237</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">次，被扎</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">500</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">针，护士说她很坚强，从来不喊疼。她听说父亲决定割肾救治自己时，表示拒绝，因为&ldquo;爸爸要是出事，我家没法过了，要是我出事就没事了，就不用花钱了&rdquo;。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"尿毒症女孩拒父亲割肾 \" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503153779604.jpeg\" alt=\"尿毒症女孩拒父亲割肾 \" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">关于此事相关网友评论如下：</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">芷于流沙：想起来我</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">13</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">岁第一次来大姨妈时，以为得了尿毒症，</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">[</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">悲伤</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">]</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">自己在被窝里痛哭了两三天，还写好了遗书，当时也懂一点这方面的知识了，以前以为月经都是红色，我当时前两天都是黑不拉几的一点点的血，过了三天变成红色的血了，才知道来了月经，说实话当我以为得了尿毒症时候，那种心情。。。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">你贝爷还是你贝爷：尿毒症救不了</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">现实就是这么残忍</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">我姑妈</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">05</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">年患尿毒症整个病房的患者全部死了</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">她还活着</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">原因就是我姑爹有钱</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">但是这</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">12</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">年来</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">就是活死人</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">生不如死</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">只要你有钱医院可以抱住生命的延续</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">不能让人好起来</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">啥意义都没有</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">鱼悸草：我舅就有尿毒症，真的觉得他很痛苦，每周都得做透析</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">(</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">就是把体内有毒的血液抽掉，因为无法自己更换血液，肾的排毒解毒作用发挥不了</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">)</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">，换肾代价太高，而且风险也大</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">[</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">悲伤</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">]</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">患上这种病，不能出去工作</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">(</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">连走路都走不了太久</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">)</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">，因为整个人特难受，一些情况下真的走一步都是一种艰难</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"17682","isDel":0,"createAt":1535427874448,"createBy":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","createName":"王可可","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"e8f7486fbba411e7a3d800163e04584d","title":"医疗纠纷责任的追究","content":"<p style=\"text-indent: 28px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">在生活中，医疗纠纷是很常见的一种纠纷形式，而法律上对医疗纠纷的责任追究也有相关的制度规定。以下是由</span></span><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">找良医网</span></span><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">为大家整理的医疗纠纷责任的追究制度，希望能帮到你们。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0px; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><img title=\"医疗纠纷责任的追究制度\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1535427904318.jpg\" alt=\"医疗纠纷责任的追究制度\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\" /></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">医疗纠纷责任追究的制度</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　(一)、医疗纠纷责任追究制度是执行医疗质量和医疗安全的核心制度，是良好解决医疗纠纷和医疗事故，尤其是进一步做好防范医疗事故的具体措施。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　(二)、医疗人员有过错的医疗纠纷是指医疗机构及其医务人员在医疗活动中，违反医疗卫生法律、行政法规、部门规章和诊疗护理规范、常规，过失造成患者人身损害的纠纷。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　(三)、医疗差错是指在诊疗活动中，医务人员虽有失职行为或技术过失，但未给患者造成死亡、残废、或组织器官损害导致功能障碍的不良后果。分为严重差错和一般差错。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　(1)严重医疗差错是指由于医务人员的失职行为或技术过失，给患者造成一定痛苦，延长治疗时间。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　(2)一般医疗差错是指医务人员虽有失职行为或技术过失，但未给患者造成痛苦。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　(四)医疗人员有过错的医疗纠纷、医疗差错的直接(主要)责任人，是指其行为与患者的不良结果之间有直接的关系，并对不良结果起决定作用的人员。由复杂原因或多环节因素而产生的医疗纠纷、医疗差错，根据有关人员在造成不良结果过程中所起的作用，确定其所负责任。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　医疗纠纷投诉的形式</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　1、医疗纠纷发生后，医疗机构和医务人员有上报的义务，但是在某些条件下，医务人员可能会不上报。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　2、作为患方及时向医疗机构科室负责人、向医疗机构负责医疗服务质量监控的部门或者专(兼)职人员投诉，有利于医疗机构及时了解并固定情况，也可以避免事后直接责任医务人员不按照实际情况上报，引起次生的其他纠纷。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　3、患方还可以直接向卫生行政部门投诉，这样有利于卫生行政部门在第一时间介入，有利于卫生行政部门固定证据，同时也有利于患方通过卫生行政部门调解，尽早处理纠纷。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　4、现在各地卫生行政部门大多都设有专门的处理医疗纠纷的专门机构或专职人员。向卫生行政部门投诉，也有利于保留、保存证据。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　医疗纠纷的防范技巧</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　1、严格执行各项规章制度、技术操作规程、诊疗常规。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　严格执行规章制度，首先要提高全体医务人员对规章制度在保证医疗质量和安全、防范医疗纠纷工作中的重要地位和作用的认识，它既保护病人的利益，更保护医务人员自身，是防范医疗纠纷的关键。其次，要经常学习、熟练掌握、应用各种规章制度、技术操作规程，规范科室和个人的医疗行为。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　2、严格按照岗位、职称履行职责，禁止跨学科、跨专业收治病人。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　《执行医师法》规定：</span>&ldquo;医师在注册的执业范围内进行医学诊查，疾病调查、医学处置</span><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">？</span></span><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&rdquo;医师超出自己学科范围的医疗活动是不允许的，这也是保证患者医疗安全的规定。在临床实践中，</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　误诊是难以避免的，一旦发现应及时请相应学科医师会诊、协助手术，使误诊得到纠正，如果自作主张，一错再错，造成事故，将承担法律责任。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　3、严格履行首诊负责制和首问负责制。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　首诊负责制是医疗管理的四项基本原则之一，要求首诊医师必须把接诊病人妥善处理完毕，特别是涉及多学科的疾患或复合创伤，首诊医师应请相关学科会诊，得出结论性意见，使病人有所归属，方能告一段落。首问负责制指患者向医院任意工作人员询问时，都要给予圆满答复，自己不能回答的要替患者问询，直至患者得到满意答复。首问负责制不仅是提高医院服务质量的需要，也是医疗安全管理的需要，特别是急症病人，可以及时得到指导性答复，以免延误诊治时机</span>;反之，不负责任的答复会延误诊治，甚至造成恶劣后果，形成医疗纠纷。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　4、严守病人隐私，尊重和维护病人的各种权利是医师应尽的义务。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　为患者保守秘密也是临床诊断、治疗的需要，只有患者无顾虑地向医师提供病史，医师才能对疾病有一个全面的认识，为明确诊断、确定病因和有效治疗提供保证。如果不能严守病人隐私，不仅不利于诊治，严重者还会给患者带来社会舆论的压力、人际关系的变化和沉重的心理负担，引起纠纷。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　根据国家有关法律法规，患者在医疗活动中享有生命权、身体权、健康权、平等医疗权、知情同意权、隐私权、诉讼权、部分免责权。医务人员应充分了解和维护患者的各种权利、义务，避免不必要的医疗纠纷。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　5、充分履行告知义务，正确对待知情同意书的签字意见。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　《医疗机构管理条例实施细则》第</span>32条规定：&ldquo;医疗机构应当尊重患者对自己的病情、诊断、治疗的知情权利。在实施手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗时，应当向患者做必要的解释。因实施保护性医疗措施不宜向患者说明情况的，应当将有关情况通知患者家属。&rdquo;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　《病历书写基本规范</span>(试行)》第25条规定：&ldquo;特殊检查、特殊治疗同意书是指在实施特殊检查、特殊治疗前，经治医师向患者告知特殊检查、特殊治疗的相关情况，并由患者签署同意检查治疗的医学文书，内容包括特殊检查、特殊治疗项目名称、目的、可能出现的并发症及风险，患者签名、医师签名等。&rdquo;目前常用的有住院病人授权委托书、住院病人离院责任书、手术同意书、麻醉同意书、输血同意书、特殊检查治疗申请同意书等。要求病员本人、家属、主治医师、科室主任、医务科、分管院长逐级签字、审批，病人本人因文化程度不能签字者要求按指印，家属签字。 医生向患者及家属交待各种操作可能发生的危险及履行签字手续，</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　一方面使患者理解临床医学的风险，另一方面医生要针对这些风险，做好充分的防范措施和一旦发生意外的应急补救措施。而这一点有时在医务人员中不能正确理解，以为只要患者、家属签字后就万事大吉，就可以推卸责任和逃避风险，其实不然，即使履行了各种签字手续，但医务人员在操作过程中只要有失误和过错，没有按操作常规、程序进行，出现并发症及不良后果，同样不能免责。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　临床中还存在着同一疾病治疗方法各异，或在学术上治疗方案有争议的情况，医师在选择时一定要讲明利弊，充分征求患者及家属意见，尊重其选择权。同时医师必须尊重医学科学理论，提出倾向性意见以供患者参考。</span></span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　6、重视医疗文件的书写和保管。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">　　医疗文件是医护人员临床思维的凭证，是诊疗过程中的原始记录，有很强的书证作用</span>;在医疗纠纷中，是进行技术鉴定、司法鉴定、分清责任的依据。一旦发生纠纷，医疗文件缺三丢四，势必使当事人处在被动地位和承担应有的责任。各种医疗文件应按照有关规定、法规书写、保管，不得随意变更、销毁(病历保存15年，普通、急诊儿科处方保存1年，医疗用毒性药品、精神药品及戒毒药品处方保留2年，麻醉药品处方保留3年，输血资料保存10年)。在病历修改时要更加慎重，应按时间顺序在病程记录中详细描述，不得在病历中涂改或插写。书写过程中出现错字时，应当用双线划在错字上，不得采用刮、粘、涂等方法掩盖或去除原来的字迹。住院病历各种记录必须按要求及时、详细记录完成，特别是抢救记录、会诊记录、手术记录、麻醉记录、上级医师查房记录、交接班记录等。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">　　7、满足患者的心理需要，密切医患关系。</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 0; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\";font-family: 宋体; line-height: 200%; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 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