天气寒冷会刺激呼吸道炎症加重，多个肺泡破裂形成肺大泡，肺大泡再破裂就容易把肺冲出一个洞，导致气体漏入胸腔，形成气胸。长期患严重呼吸道疾病的老年患者在冬天应特别注意。
1、急性期应绝对卧床休息。
2、保持情绪稳定，要将自己的内心感受告知给医生护士。
3、根据您的病情，医生决定是否进行胸腔穿刺、排气或闭式引流，这是治疗自发性气胸的一项有效的治疗措施，要了解其目的，消除紧张情绪，配合治疗。
4、在治疗过程中，如出现呼吸困难加重情形，请立即通知医生或护士。
5、饮食上进食蔬菜，水果等易消化食物，避免便秘的发生。
6、进行胸腔闭式引流时，不要自行挤压，扭曲引流管，同时在床上活动时，避免牵拉引流管，要防止扭曲移位或脱落。
7、在闭式引流过程中，如必须离开病床进行检查或允许范围内的室内活动时，请与护士联系，在护士的协助及处置后再行离床活动。
8、在气胸痊愈的一个月内，不要剧烈运动，如打球，跑步。
9、避免诱发气胸的因素，如抬提重物，剧烈咳嗽，屏气等，防止便秘，同时戒烟。
复发性气胸患者宜作胸膜固定术。创伤性气胸治疗一般可按自发性气胸的治疗原则进行，但应强调及时诊断、积极抢救、防止并发症发生，预防复发。
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血胸疾病并不是人们想象的那么可怕，只要我们患者能够积极的进行治疗，相信疾病是可以得到很快恢复的，而且现在医疗技术水平发达，这个疾病是可以通过手术进行治疗的，但是在手术的前后要做好护理事项，下面我们护体来看一下。
\n一、术前护理
\n1、胸腔闭式引流的观察和护理：应密切观察生命体征变化。对于持续引流的患者，应保持引流装置密闭无菌，每日观察引流量并记录，每日在无菌操作下更换引流瓶，经常挤压引流管，避免受压、扭曲。
\n术后半卧位，鼓励患者深呼吸及有效咳嗽，保持引流通畅，注意观察引流管的水柱波动情况，告知患者任何情况下引流瓶不可高于胸部;指导病人带管下床活动，妥善携带引流瓶，保持密封系统，不需夹管。
\n2、饮食护理：患者入院后即告知患者及家属低脂甚至无脂饮食，术前2周开始禁食，应用周围静脉高价营养。
\n3、周围静脉高价营养的护理：每日选择粗直的手臂静脉进行穿刺，同一根血管不得连续使用2次以上，每天先补充液体，待全天补液量还剩500ml时，以同一静脉通道以20滴/min速度输注，输完后，再输剩下的500ml，葡萄糖或复方氨基酸液，滴注脂肪乳的同，输液肢体局部放置水温在72～74℃的热水袋，外加干毛巾包裹，直至输液全部结束，可以防止或减轻周围静脉硬化，输入过程中经常巡视病房，严防药液渗漏皮下，导致组织坏死。
\n4、心理护理：对于在就医过程出现不配合医生的行为的患者，医生应主动讲解禁食的重要性和疾病相关知识，争取配合治疗，另一方面与医生沟通，经全科人员高度重视，进行术前讨论，制定周密的医疗和护理计划，消除患者焦虑心理，使其在最佳心理状态下接受治疗。
\n5、术前宣教：向患者介绍术前需做哪些准备，术后可能出现的不适，需如何配合等，如术前预防呼吸道感染，练习床上大小便，学会深呼吸和做有效咳嗽，术后离床活动的时间、活动量、活动意义，以及预防术后并发症。
\n二、术后护理
\n1、胸腔闭式引流的观察及护理术后观察胸腔闭式引流液的颜色、量，患者取半卧位，鼓励患者有效咳嗽，做深呼吸，协助拍背，经常挤压引流管，保持引流通畅，带管下床活动。
\n2、饮食护理：术后患者禁食，应用周围静脉高价营养两周，开始无脂饮食，1周后改为低脂饮食。
\n3、生命体征的观察。
\n通过阅读上面文章内容，我们能够了解到血胸患者手术前后的护理事项，希望大家要重视这些，这些护理事项做到了，能够有利于疾病的缓解和恢复，对于手术的成功也是起着至关重要作用的，希望我们患者能够早日恢复健康。
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男,51岁。右肺气胸闭式引流术 输液 出院每天服药已发作二回了 现在打算手术治疗 漳州175医院说风险大也会复发 想在你们医院看看可以做胸腔镜微创手术不 效果跟风险怎么样
","barId":"1686","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"1317","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"手术引起食道狭窄","content":"女,2岁2个月。拉链头卡在食道取不出来。通过手术切开。疤痕导致食道狭窄。现在鼻子处插了10毫米胃管。嘴巴禁食
\n需要做食道扩张手术，做后也不知道效果怎样
","barId":"1686","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"2269","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"气胸有哪些症状","content":"气胸有哪些症状？在我们日常生活中比较常见的一种疾病，但是许多人对此疾病都不怎么了解，气胸的发病通常发病都比较急，也有的发病缓慢一些，发病慢的患者有时候甚至没有感觉到什么不适的症状。有些病人在发病前可能会由于用力咳嗽、持重物、屏气或者剧烈活动而诱发了气胸，症状的轻重还要根据病人病情发展的快慢、病人肺部的萎缩情况、肺部的原发疾病以及患者本身的心肺功能等来决定。下面我们就来给大家详细的介绍一下气胸会有哪些症状。
\n气胸发病的常见症状
\n1、呼吸困难
\n气胸发作时病人均有呼吸困难，其严重程度与发作的过程、肺被压缩的程度和原有的肺功能状态有关。在年轻的呼吸功能正常的病人，可无明显的呼吸困难，即使肺被压缩>80%，亦仅能在活动时稍感胸闷，而在患有慢性阻塞性肺气肿的老年病人，肺被轻度压缩就有明显的呼吸困难。急性发作的气胸，症状可能更明显，而慢性发作的气胸，健侧肺脏可以代偿性膨胀，临床症状可能会较轻。
\n2、刺激性咳嗽
\n自发性气胸时偶有刺激性咳嗽。
\n3、胸痛
\n常在发生气胸当时出现突然尖锐性刺痛和刀割痛，与肺大疱突然破裂和肺被压缩的程度无关，可能与胸膜腔内压力增高、壁层胸膜受牵张有关。疼痛部位不肯定，可局限在胸部，亦可向肩、背、上腹部放射。明显纵隔气肿存在时，可出现持续的胸骨后疼痛。疼痛是气胸病人最常见的主诉，而且在轻度气胸时，可能是惟一症状。
\n4、其他症状
\n气胸合并血气胸时，如出血量多，病人会心悸、血压低、四肢发凉等。
\n以上就是关于气胸的症状的介绍了，您是否都了解了呢？了解了之后，那么我们在日常生活中如果发现自己由以上症状，那么就应该及时的去医院进行诊断治疗，以免病情恶化，最后祝您身体健康！
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气胸发生在不同人群中，青少年和老人都有可能出现，尤其是自发性气胸，他在不同的人身上有不同的症状表现，我们要注意找到合适的治疗方法，才能够早日治愈这种疾病，另外要调整我们的呼吸，体育锻炼，下面我们来具体了解一下。
\n自发性气胸有两种情况：
\n1.青年人，多见于中学生，运动后发生，CT检查往往有肺大泡，如果反复发作2~3次以上，可以考虑手术切除肺大泡。
\n2.老年人，往往有慢性肺病史，如慢性阻塞性肺病或支气管哮喘等，多在疾病的发作期，因气道阻塞加重引起气胸，部分人可能有肺大泡。如反复发作引流效果不好时，也可考虑手术治疗。
\n气胸反复发作后，局部胸膜可以形成粘连，增厚，患者可以有胸部不适，疼痛或紧缩感，多出现在病变同一侧。随着时间的延长和呼吸运动的锻炼，多数症状会逐渐减轻或消失。你为右侧胸痛，不剧烈，如果疼痛与呼吸运动有关，也可能与既往的气胸有关。可以对症处理，如止痛、营养神经等，如果疼痛频繁或疼痛性质发生变化，可能与气胸无关，可能需要进一步检查。
\n如何预防小儿患上气胸
\n1、气胸多为继发，应积极治疗原发性疾病，如葡萄球菌性小儿肺炎常见的并发症为脓胸、气胸、脓气胸，应积极预防。在人工通气CPAP时，应注意预防本病的发生。
\n2、婴幼儿应尽可能避免接触呼吸道感染的病人，流行季节少去公共场所。
\n3、小儿患病要做到早诊早治。
\n4、做好儿童的计划免疫，特别是麻疹活疫苗和百白破混合制剂的注射，以减少继发肺炎的发生。
\n5、积极提倡母奶喂养，合理预防佝偻病、营养不良等。
\n6、提倡户外活动，多晒太阳培养，良好的饮食及卫生习惯。
\n7、小儿衣着不过厚或过薄，婴儿不要包裹过紧，平时居室内要每天定时开窗换气，加强早产儿及体弱儿(包括先天性心脏病患儿)的保健和护理。
\n以上就是自发性气胸有两种情况，相信大家已经清楚了，同时还介绍了小儿预防气胸的方法，希望家长朋友要注意了解，多关注孩子的身体变化，在出现这种疾病时，及早的进行治疗，在生活中对孩子做好护理，尤其要注意防寒保暖，避免感冒的出现，保持室内的空气流通，减少气胸这种疾病出现在我们的孩子身上。
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气胸也可以说是一种呼吸道疾病，使患者呼吸急促、胸痛、胸闷，影响我们的正常工作和生活，那么我们应该注意及时的进行治疗，除此之外，还要做好日常生活中的护理，避免一些并发症的出现，下面就气胸这种疾病的护理方法给大家做一下总结：
\n一、 执行呼吸系统疾病一般常规。
\n二、绝对卧床休息。取半卧位或坐位，避免过多的搬动病人和不必要的活动。咳嗽时不要用力，以免自发性气胸反复发生。保持大便通畅。
\n三、呼吸急促或紫绀时 ，应急速给予氧气吸入。
\n四、配合医师进行胸腔抽气，抽气时，病人避免过度用力和剧咳，可给予镇静、止痛、镇咳、药物。以免咳嗽用力而促使自发性气胸复发。
\n\n
气胸病人的护理方法有哪些
\n1、如果是刚做完手术不到半年的，最好是好好养病，不要做剧烈运动，最重要的是不要做憋气的事，例如跑步也不能太喘了，最好小跑，散步。
\n2、饮食方面，多吃水果(苹果，梨什么的)，蔬菜(青菜、胡萝卜等)，最好每天能吃一个鸡蛋，喝点牛奶，少吃红肉类，多吃鱼肉类;
\n3、手术后半年内最好不要去旅游，静心修养，大家还是在各方面都多注意些好，完全康复后就没啥大事了;
\n4、每3个月或者半年去复查一次，如果身体遇到不适则需及时去复查，也不要太过勤奋的往医院跑，现在医院的医生也没几个好东西，能多挣你的钱就尽量多挣，只要对你的身体没有啥影响，例如给你多开些什么中药啊，吃不吃都无所谓的。
\n以上就是气胸出现后的一些护理方法，希望以上对您有帮助，气胸的危害非常大，所以大家要重视起来，提醒人们在发现了疾病更是要积极来做好正确的护理，多方面了解之后在及时治疗。
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