![\"3.jpg\"/](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486263101517.jpg\" "\\"1486263101517.jpg\\"")
1、规律饮食，少吃零食，少饮高热量饮料，定时进食。
2、平衡膳食，食物多样化
合理选择食谱，做到粗细调剂，荤、素菜搭配，让孩子吃杂、吃全；讲究花式品种，纠正孩子不爱吃面食，“爱荤不爱素”或“爱素不爱荤”的偏食习惯；鱼要去刺，肉要去骨，菜要切碎煮烂，纤维较粗的要切成小丁、小丝、小块，以适应孩子消化器官尚未完全成熟的特点；多进食含微量元素（锌、铁、铜、碘等）丰富的食物，如：动物肝脏、瘦肉、蛋黄、鱼类、豆类及豆制品、花生、油菜等食物。
3、创造一个安静愉快的进食环境
用膳要有固定的地方，有适合孩子的餐具、桌椅，让孩子自己坐着吃饭；大人不要谈论与就餐无关的事，更不能让孩子东跑西跑，边吃边玩，分散了吃饭的注意力；父母决不能在孩子吃饭时训斥孩子。有事尽量放到饭后处理，如果非要解决不可，也务必和蔼耐心，切忌粗暴简单而破坏良好气氛。
4、帮助孩子适应新环境
当孩子突然改变环境和生话习惯时，家长应帮助其逐步适应新的环境和新的生话习惯。
5、合理喂养，养成良好的饮食习惯，从小抓起。
本病属中医“疳积”范畴，多为乳食积滞，损伤脾胃，运化失司所为，当以健脾益胃、消食导滞为治。积极的家庭护理可有效地防治小儿厌食症。
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培养习惯：预防小儿厌食症，要培养小儿良好的饮食习惯。从婴儿时期起就要注意进食要定时定量，一般儿童每日3餐，每餐间隔4～5小时；幼儿每日4餐，每餐间隔3～4小时。这样才能使孩子产生正常的空腹感，促进胃液正常分泌。1岁以后则应培养小孩自己进食的能力，以提高他们进食的兴趣。
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控制零食：不要给小孩太多零食、饮料等。中医认为，甘则令人中满，果汁型饮料中糖分含量较高，儿童饮用后腻胃滞脾，且孩子可从饮料中获得不少热能，从而影响正常进食，久而久之形成小儿厌食症。因此，要控制小儿的零食及饮料摄入，必要时，可给小孩吃少量干鲜的果品、酸奶或新鲜果汁。
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体育锻炼：适当增加小孩户外活动的时间，参加力所能及的劳动及轻微的家务，积极参加体育锻炼，可消耗能量，促进消化液的分泌，增进食欲，促进食物的消化吸收。
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环境适宜：吃饭应有稳定而安静的场所和轻松愉快的气氛。愉快的情绪可兴奋大脑皮层的进食中枢，提高食欲。大人和小孩最好能一起吃饭，要教育小孩集中思想，细嚼慢咽，不要边吃边玩。吃饭时，家长切忌批评训斥孩子，也不要在吃饭时逗小孩玩。孩子拒食时不要坚持引诱，更不要强迫进食。可在饭前给孩子吃点山楂等酸性水果，以刺激胃液的分泌。必要时还可口服食母生、多酶片等帮助消化。
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药袋疗法：药袋疗法通过药物的治疗作用和对经络、穴位的刺激作用，达到健脾开胃，和胃消积的作用，可选用中药高良姜、青陈皮、荜茇、苍术、薄荷、川椒各等量，研为细末，装入布袋中，置于胸前，每月1剂，1月为1疗程，连续戴1个～2个疗程。或黄芪、炒白术、焦山楂、炒六曲、炒内金、皮硝各10克，陈皮、广木香、砂仁各6克，共研细末，放入布袋中，置于肚脐处，适当固定，每月换药1次，1月为1疗程，连续1个～2个疗程。
","barId":"1174","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7503","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家向您解答 小儿心肌炎可能并发哪些疾病","content":"![\"专家向您解答](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510629963093.jpg\" "\\"专家向您解答")
找良医网向您详细介绍小儿心肌炎有哪些并发病症，小儿心肌炎还会引起哪些疾病？
小儿心肌炎常见并发症：；心源性休克 心房扑动
小儿心肌炎并发症
各种心律失常，以期前收缩多见，心动过缓(房室传导阻滞)心动过速(室性心动过速、房性心动过速)亦可有心房颤动、心房扑动。并发心力衰竭 、心源性休克、多脏器功能衰竭、阿斯综合征等。新生儿心肌炎常并发黄疸，多脏器功能损害，DIC等。
最近连续5天厌食干呕，才查出肺炎，体温不高，要吃什么，怎么治疗
","barId":"1174","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"2656","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"小儿厌食心理治疗","content":"厌食是儿科常见的心身疾病，主要表现为较长时间的食欲不振、食量明显减少，甚至拒食，多发生在5岁以下的小儿，1-3岁最多。厌食症患儿多因为胃肠消化功能紊乱，引起食欲明显减退甚至消失所致，常导致小儿正常的营养发育受到明显的影响。心理社会因素对小儿厌食发生和发展的重要因素：
![\"2.jpg\"/](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486262622911.jpg\" "\\"1486262622911.jpg\\"")
①情绪障碍是最常见的原因。家长过分担心小儿进食不够而采用各种手段强迫小儿进食，或是家长总在进餐时间训斥小儿，都会影响小儿进食的情绪状态，使得小儿对原本是会产生满足感、愉快感的进食行为不感兴趣。长期如此，逐渐形成反射性的讨厌、害怕，影响食欲、食量，甚至拒食。而其他诸如环境改变、功课负担过重等也会不同程度地影响小儿的情绪状态，而影响食欲。
②不良进食习惯也与厌食的形成有关，如边吃边玩、长期家长喂食、食用大量零食和饮料等。
③近年来，基于对美丽的歪曲认识基础上，试图通过过分的减少进食的方法达到减肥瘦身，也促使了厌食的发生。
![\"1_580_360.jpg\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486263813779.jpg\" "\\"1486263813779.jpg\\"")
一、症状
\n1.所谓的厌食症，
\n必须先排除小儿是否有感冒或内科慢性疾病、消化道疾病等疾病，因为消化性溃疡、急慢性肝炎、慢性肠炎等疾病都会引起小儿厌食症，等到疾病痊愈后，厌食就会跟着改善，所以必须对上述疾病进行。
\n2.真正意义上的厌食症是指长时期食欲不振、看到食物也不想吃、甚至拒吃，这种情形一般连续两个月以上，如此，才符合所谓的“厌食”。
\n3.要从病史、体检和必要的化验检查深入了解，以除外消化系统疾病和全身性疾病对消化道的影响。
\n详询小儿家庭和学校环境，有无影响进食习惯的因素。
\n4.可以通过以下步骤进行判断
\n(1)看年龄，若是1岁以下的婴儿，特别是新生儿发现有明显食欲低下者，多为疾病所致，应该引起重视，可能是由败血症、结核病、佝偻病和各种营养缺乏症等。年纪稍大的小儿要特别留意其饮食的习惯和平时的生活情况，家庭环境等等;因为家庭环境较好的家庭，小儿容易养成不好的进食习惯，喜欢吃零食等，都有可能引起厌食症;
\n(2)看食欲不振的程度
\n如果是轻度的食欲不振可能是因为零食过多或者天气、心情不好等原因等所致;若情况比较严重，可能是厌食症或者其他潜在疾病;
\n(3)有无症状出现
\n若小儿有轻度食欲不振，但是依然活泼、愉快，多属正常情况。若伴有疲倦、精神萎靡、低热者，多系结核或其他感染。伴有腹疼和便血者应注意胃、十二指肠溃疡，寄生虫等。伴反应迟钝，皮肤粗糙，少汗和发育不良者，应注意甲状腺功能低下。伴多汗、肋骨串珠、方额、颅骨软化等骨骼改变系佝偻病。
\n(4)微量元素的检查
\n通过微量元素的检查，可以帮助找到是因为哪种微量元素缺乏引起的厌食症，也有助于判断。
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","barId":"1174","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"3780","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"怎样干预儿童挑食、偏食、厌食行为？","content":"
![\"1_580_360.jpg\"](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486261669953.jpg\" "\\"1486261669953.jpg\\"")
儿童挑食、偏食、厌食行为严重影响着孩子的健康成长，我们必须采取有效措施进行干预，那么我们该做些什么？
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解决孩子的挑食、偏食、厌食行为问题，必须解决有挑食、偏食、厌食行为的孩子的营养、消化与食欲三大问题，我们可以从干预的目标入手。
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首先解决挑食儿童可能出现的营养与生长发育问题，从挑食的后果（生长迟缓、体重偏轻、微量营养素缺乏、认知发育迟缓、消化和食欲问题）进行营养干预；
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第二、从挑食的成因，进行行为干预，减少父母在喂养过程中产生的急躁、逼迫、打骂等负面情绪；
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第三、增加孩子食欲，补充锌剂或有强化锌的食物，能够改善儿童的食欲。尽量避免甜食，尤其是餐前甜饮料；
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第四、家长自己首先要养成良好的就餐习惯不要偏食，帮孩子养成良好的健康的饮食习惯；
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第五、在食物方面，日常饮食不要太单调，提供的食物结构要经常有变化。应尽量注意食品的色、香、味，以刺激儿童的口味，引起孩子的兴趣；
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第六、要注意孩子营养素的缺乏，及时补充；
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第七、要多关心孩子，如果有消化道疾病，需要及时就诊治疗。
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最后需要提醒的是，冰冻三尺非一日之寒，孩子的饮食习惯并非一天养成的，也非一天就能改变，需要家长们有信心和耐心，只要坚持每天小小的进步，将有助于孩子身心健康成长。
","barId":"1174","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":1},{"id":"7501","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家向您解答 小儿厌食症病因","content":"![\"专家向您解答](\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1510629533973.jpg\" "\\"专家向您解答")
①胃肠道疾病：如消化性溃疡、急慢性肝炎、慢性肠炎、各种原因的腹泻及慢性便秘等都是常见的原因。
②消化道变态反应及服用易引起恶心、呕吐的药物如红霉素、氯霉素、磺胺类药物以及氨茶碱等也可导致厌食。
③全身性疾病如结核病、胶原病、贫血、及一些慢性感染等。
④锌缺乏和缺乏某些内分泌时，如甲状腺功能低下等。
⑤其他如肝功能不全、高血压、酸中毒、尿毒症、以及心功能不全消化道淤血。
⑥近年来较多增加的维生素A和/或维生素D中毒等。
除以上疾病外，应注意小儿情绪变化可引起厌食。特别是因家长溺爱对小儿进食采取不适当的态度，反而引起神经性厌食（参阅精神疾病篇）。不良的饮食习惯常是厌食的主要原因，高蛋白、高糖的饮食使食欲下降；两餐之间随意吃糖果、点心、花生、瓜子等零食，以及吃饭不定时、生活不规律都影响食欲；夏季气候过热，湿度过高以及过多的冷饮都影响消化液的分泌，而影响食欲。
长期厌食可致营养不良和体质减弱。
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食欲好的孩子，视进食为乐事，到时间就想进餐。食欲不好的孩子，厌倦进食，视进食为负担，即使色香味均好的美食，也没有兴趣，这种饮食状态，就叫厌食。如果厌食持续时间较长，就会影响小儿身高、体重的正常增长，称为厌食症。厌食症要与假性厌食做鉴别。顾名思义，假性厌食并不是真正的厌食，而是家长过分重视孩子的食量，可又掌握不好孩子的食量标准，总以为孩子吃得少。
\n每个孩子的胃口都不一样，有的孩子食物吸收利用率高，有的孩子食物吸收利用率低，就是说同样吃了营养成分数量相同的食物，有的孩子营养已能满足自身需要，有的孩子则显不足。所以孩子吃多吃少，不能互相攀比，即每个孩子有每个孩子的食量，只要孩子身高、体重正常增长，就不算真正的厌食。有些孩子爱吃零食，到正餐的时候，吃饭量就少，这种饮食状态也会影响孩子身高、体重增长，但是也不能视为厌食症。
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