{"nowTime30":1782381725046,"lyBarModerator":null,"metaSearch":{"description":"　　在众多的肾脏病患者中，有不少病人肾脏功能衰竭进入尿毒症期(简称为肾衰)而不自知，从而未能得到及时、合理的治疗。有些人甚至自觉身体&ldquo;一向健康&rdquo;，一旦发病，医生告诉他已是尿毒症时，自己愕然，家人愕然，不敢相信、不肯接受这一事实。尿毒症有什么现象如何及早发现?中国论文网 htt","keywords":"尿毒症有什么现象_洞医","title":"尿毒症有什么现象_洞医","channels":null},"identificate":{"id":null,"isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"realName":null,"certifiedStatus":0,"phone":null,"email":null,"hospitalId":null,"departmentId":null,"illName":null,"illId":null,"cardType":0,"cardImg":null,"idCardImg":null,"identityType":0,"stop":0,"departmentName":null,"hospitalName":null},"canEdit":null,"adList":[],"lyBar":{"id":"1937","isDel":0,"createAt":1483430801976,"createBy":"system","createName":"system","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"name":"尿毒症","type":102,"twoCode":"http://zhao01.com/zly_img/zly_wx.jpg","image":null,"provinceId":null,"cityId":null,"illId":"0476f072badb11e6a61c00163e04584d","hospitalId":null,"keyWord":null,"totleTopic":0,"barDesc":null,"discussBarType":null,"metaSearch":"{\"channels\":{\"病友社区\":{\"description\":\"为病友提供:尿毒症论坛_尿毒症论坛贴吧_病友交流平台_病友论坛，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症论坛_尿毒症论坛贴吧_病友交流平台_病友论坛\",\"title\":\"尿毒症论坛_尿毒症论坛贴吧_病友交流平台_病友论坛\"},\"治疗\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症治疗方法_尿毒症早期如何治疗_尿毒症怎么治疗最好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症治疗方法_尿毒症早期如何治疗_尿毒症怎么治疗最好\",\"title\":\"尿毒症治疗方法_尿毒症早期如何治疗_尿毒症怎么治疗最好\"},\"症状\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症的早期表现_尿毒症早期状态_尿毒症的症状有哪些等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症的早期表现_尿毒症早期状态_尿毒症的症状有哪些\",\"title\":\"尿毒症的早期表现_尿毒症早期状态_尿毒症的症状有哪些\"},\"并发症\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症透析后遗症_尿毒症治愈后后遗症_尿毒症的危害等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症透析后遗症_尿毒症治愈后后遗症_尿毒症的危害\",\"title\":\"尿毒症透析后遗症_尿毒症治愈后后遗症_尿毒症的危害\"},\"饮食\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症吃什么食物最好_尿毒症不能吃的东西_尿毒症吃啥东西好等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症吃什么食物最好_尿毒症不能吃的东西_尿毒症吃啥东西好\",\"title\":\"尿毒症吃什么食物最好_尿毒症不能吃的东西_尿毒症吃啥东西好\"},\"病因\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症是怎么引起的_怎么导致尿毒症_怎么样会得尿毒症等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症是怎么引起的_怎么导致尿毒症_怎么样会得尿毒症\",\"title\":\"尿毒症是怎么引起的_怎么导致尿毒症_怎么样会得尿毒症\"},\"病友求助\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症是遗传病吗_尿毒症可以治愈吗_尿毒症晚期还能活多久等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症是遗传病吗_尿毒症可以治愈吗_尿毒症晚期还能活多久\",\"title\":\"尿毒症是遗传病吗_尿毒症可以治愈吗_尿毒症晚期还能活多久\"},\"预防\":{\"description\":\"为您提供:怎样预防尿毒症的发生_怎样预防尿毒症?_平时怎么预防尿毒症等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"怎样预防尿毒症的发生_怎样预防尿毒症?_平时怎么预防尿毒症\",\"title\":\"怎样预防尿毒症的发生_怎样预防尿毒症?_平时怎么预防尿毒症\"}},\"description\":\"为您提供:尿毒症早期症状表现_儿童尿毒症症状有哪些症状_尿毒症有遗传吗_尿毒症病友的治疗经验等相关信息，让病友在便捷的求医路上不花一分冤枉钱。\",\"keywords\":\"尿毒症早期症状表现_儿童尿毒症症状有哪些症状_尿毒症有遗传吗\",\"title\":\"尿毒症早期症状表现_儿童尿毒症症状有哪些症状_尿毒症有遗传吗\"}","adInfo":null},"isLikeThisTopic":null,"lastTopics":[{"id":"4316","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"透析患者注意事项","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486395052778.jpg\" title=\"1486395052778.jpg\" alt=\"u=2844100754,3884520660&amp;fm=23&amp;gp=0.jpg\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp;(l)首次来我科透析患者必须携带传染病（乙肝丙肝梅毒艾滋病）检查结果；最好同时携带凝血四项和血常规结果；携带身份证或身份证号码。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(2)&nbsp;<span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);\">有身体出血如尿血、便血、鼻出血、皮肤瘀斑等需要告知我科接诊医生；近期如果做过手术或准备手术也需要告知我科接诊医生；有<a href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/ningxuegongnengzhangai.htm\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: none;\">出血倾向</a>的患者需要在医生指导下应用低分子肝素或阿加曲班。</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp;(3)饮食：患者进行透析治疗，和之前非透析治疗饮食不同，透析患者需要优质高蛋白饮食、高热量、低盐低钾低磷饮食。透析时的饮食：透析2小时后一般需要进食，可进面食、红薯、糖块等，但低血压患者不要进食过多。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(4)透析间期（即两次透析治疗之间）体重增长：严格控制水分摄入，每天体重增长不超过1公斤，体重增长过多容易导致心衰发作、透析过程中低血压等急性以及长期并发症发生。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(5)关于降压药物的应用：一般而言，若上午透析，早上降压药物减量或不用；下午透析，中午降压药物减量或不用。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">&nbsp;(6)关于<a href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/tangniaobing.htm\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: none;\">糖尿病</a>患者胰岛素应用：因透析液是无糖溶液，透析过程中容易出现低 &nbsp;血糖反应，故可能透析当天的胰岛素用量需要调整，请与医师沟通。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26.6667px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">(7)血液净化治疗有多种治疗模式，其中最常见的是透析治疗，其他常见治疗还有：透析滤过( HDF，双泵)、血液灌流等。透析，滤过主要清除中分子毒素，血液灌流主要清除大分子毒素，为防止尿毒症患耆心<a href=\"http://www.haodf.com/jibing/naoxueguanbing.htm\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: none;\">脑血管病</a>等多种并发症的发生，建议尿毒症患者，应每周3次透析治疗，其中包括1-3次透析滤过；每月至少1次血液灌流治疗。</p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1036","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"3527","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"尿毒症应该如何护理？","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486395248525.jpg\" title=\"1486395248525.jpg\" alt=\"20130928113801-2014794721.jpg\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">毒症的胃肠道症状出现最早，带有纳差、恶心、呕吐和腹泻，口中有氨味，齿龈也常发炎，口腔粘膜溃烂出血等。神经系统可有失眠、烦躁、四肢麻木灼痛，晚期町出现嗜睡甚至抽搐、昏迷。心血管系统可出现高血压以及由心包炎及心力衰竭引起的心前区疼痛、心悸、气急、—卜腹胀痛、浮肿、不能平卧等。血液系统可出现贫血及粘膜出血现象。呼吸系统可有肺炎及胸膜炎引起的咳嗽、胸痛。尿毒症是一种非常危险的疾病，如不及时治疗常会危及生命。</p><p style=\"margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">由于疾病造成肾脏严重损害时，肾脏发生病变并失去净化血液的功能，废物和液体就会在体内堆积。人体就会产生各种症状，即尿毒症。引起尿毒症的原因有：慢性肾小球肾炎、慢性肾盂肾炎、肾结核、肾小动脉硬化症、泌尿道结石、前列腺肥大、膀胱癌、红斑狼疮、糖尿病等。</p><ol class=\"exp-conent-orderlist\" style=\"padding: 0px; list-style: none; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, 微软雅黑, arial, 宋体, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><li class=\"exp-content-list list-item-1\" style=\"margin: 20px 0px 0px 17px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 35px; display: block; position: relative; min-height: 31px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-color: rgb(228, 228, 228);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">积极治疗<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">尿毒症虽是致命的疾病，但也并不是无药可医。对无诱发因素的病例，肾功能不可逆转时，可考虑做透析治疗。透析疗法包括口服、腹膜、血液透析(人工肾)三种;口服透析治疗仅适用于轻的尿毒症患者。近年来，由于透析疗法的普遍应用，使晚期尿毒症病人有5年以卜存活并保持一定劳动力者不少。因此，透析疗法是治疗晚期尿毒症的有效方法之一。<br/></p></li><li class=\"exp-content-list list-item-2\" style=\"margin: 1px 0px 0px 17px; padding: 45px 0px 0px 35px; display: block; position: relative; min-height: 31px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-color: rgb(228, 228, 228);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">充分休息<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">尿毒症病人应保证充足的休息和良好的营养，不要从事力所不及的活动。<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">避免有损肾脏的化学物质<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">要避免含有镉、氯仿、乙烯乙二醇和四氯乙烯的用品和环境。它们一般存在于杀虫剂、汽车尾气、涂料、建筑物和家用清洁剂中。<br/></p></li><li class=\"exp-content-list list-item-3\" style=\"margin: 1px 0px 0px 17px; padding: 45px 0px 0px 35px; display: block; position: relative; min-height: 31px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-color: rgb(228, 228, 228);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">限制含镐量高的食物<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">已经在一般家庭用品中发现一些化学元素与急性和慢性肾病有关联，只要仔细阅读产品的说明，多采取一些预防措施，是町以避免这些有害物质的。<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">镉：这种稀有金属用于生产杀虫剂、橡皮轮胎以及塑料、涂料和其他产品。由于镉的工业用途很广，已经大范围地在一些食品和水中发现。以下几点应引起注意<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">限制摄人含镉量高的食物，如由动物肝和肾制成的食物、比目鱼、蚌类、扇贝、牡蚝以及在污泥中长成的蔬菜。<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">确保用来喷涂和工艺用涂料、染料、瓷钠不含镉。<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">不要使用古董的烹调用具，因为这些器具上涂有含镉制成的色素。<br/></p></li><li class=\"exp-content-list list-item-4\" style=\"margin: 1px 0px 0px 17px; padding: 45px 0px 0px 35px; display: block; position: relative; min-height: 31px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-color: rgb(228, 228, 228);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">勿抽烟<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">烟对肾脏有害无益。<br/></p></li><li class=\"exp-content-list list-item-5\" style=\"margin: 1px 0px 0px 17px; padding: 45px 0px 0px 35px; display: block; position: relative; min-height: 31px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-color: rgb(228, 228, 228);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">采用低蛋白饮食<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">对尿毒症患者应给予低蛋白饮食，正常成人每公斤体重需要蛋白量1—1.5克，尿毒症病人只能进食0.5克/公斤以下，以减少体内氮质代谢产物的生成和潴留。<br/></p></li><li class=\"exp-content-list list-item-6\" style=\"margin: 1px 0px 0px 17px; padding: 45px 0px 0px 35px; display: block; position: relative; min-height: 31px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-color: rgb(228, 228, 228);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">选用蛋奶类食品<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">由于进食蛋白量少，因此应尽量选用营养价值较高的鸡蛋、牛奶等动物蛋白质食物，而少用豆制品等植物蛋白。<br/></p></li><li class=\"exp-content-list list-item-7\" style=\"margin: 1px 0px 0px 17px; padding: 45px 0px 0px 35px; display: block; position: relative; min-height: 31px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-color: rgb(228, 228, 228);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">补充水分<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">根据病情供给适量的水分。<br/></p></li><li class=\"exp-content-list list-item-8\" style=\"margin: 1px 0px 0px 17px; padding: 45px 0px 0px 35px; display: block; position: relative; min-height: 31px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dotted; border-left-color: rgb(228, 228, 228);\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">保健药膳<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">糯米黄芪茶<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">取糯米60克，生黄芪15克，淡竹叶30克，水煎服饮，约10剂后，即可见效。平时多多食用去皮的萝卜，对此症也大有裨益(参考肾炎的食疗方)。<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">危险讯譬<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">如果你有下列症状，请尽快就医：<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">纳差、恶心、呕吐和腹泻。<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">口中有氨味，齿龈也常发炎，口腔粘膜溃烂出血等。<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">失眠、烦躁、四肢麻木灼痛，出现嗜睡甚至抽搐、昏迷。<br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px;\">出现高血压以及由心包炎及心力衰竭引起的心前区疼痛、心悸、气急、上腹胀痛、浮肿、不能平卧等症状。</p></li></ol><p><br/></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1035","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"10067","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"经常困倦乏力 警惕尿毒症7大早期症状","content":"<p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><br/></p><p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 32px; text-align: center; line-height: 200%;\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1514521176855.jpg\" title=\"经常困倦乏力 警惕尿毒症7大早期症状\" alt=\"经常困倦乏力 警惕尿毒症7大早期症状\" width=\"600\" height=\"372\"/></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">尿毒症</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">不是一个独立的疾病，是慢性肾功能衰竭进入终末阶段时出现的一系列临床表现所组成的综合征，因其病情迁延、易复发，比较难治。因此多了解一下</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">尿毒症的早期症状</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">，有助于预防尿毒症的发生。那么</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">尿毒症的早期症</span></strong><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">状有哪些呢？</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">&nbsp;</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体;line-height: 200%;font-size: 16px\">尿毒症早期症状</span></strong></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">1、困倦、乏力</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">因为引起困倦、乏力的原因的确太多了。特别是那些在事业上</span>“全力搏杀”的人，大多将之归咎于工作紧张和劳累。若稍加休息而症状好转，则更易忽视。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">2、腰痛</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">无明确原因的腰背酸痛，应检查肾脏、脊椎及腰背部肌肉等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">3、面色泛黄</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">面色泛黄、脸色苍白本来是由于尿毒症病人体内毒素淤积，造血功能减弱从而出现的贫血症状，但这种症状被误诊的情况很是常见，总是被当做缺铁性贫血。所以当出现尿毒症这一容易误诊的早期症状时，且不明原因时，建议最好做一个全身性的体检包括肾功能、尿毒症、肾脏</span>B超等。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">4、浮肿</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">因为尿毒症病人肾脏功能减退，体内多余的水分不能清除而导致液体滞留在体内组织间隙，早期仅在踝部及眼睑部浮肿，休息后消失，若发展到持续性或全身性浮肿时，考虑病不轻矣，已经不是尿毒症的早期症状这样简单。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">5、尿量改变</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">由于肾脏滤过功能下降，部分病人随病程进展尿量会逐渐减少。即便是尿量正常，由于尿液中所排除的毒素减少，质量下降，不能排出体内过多的废物，所以在一定程度上尿量并不能完全说明您肾脏功能的好坏。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">6、高血压</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">因为肾脏有排钠、排水的功能，肾功能受损时体内会发生钠和水的蓄留，另外，此时肾脏会分泌一些升高血压的物质。因此，尿毒症病人早期会有不同程度的高血压。若有高血压加之凝血机制差易致鼻或齿龈出血，要引起注意。</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">7、胃口不佳</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:200%\"><span style=\";font-family:宋体;line-height:200%;font-size:16px\">这是由于尿毒素潴留，影响消化功能所致，多数人不以为然。待病情发展，将会出现腹部闷胀不适、恶心、呕吐，甚至大便次数增多。</span></p><p><br/></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1034","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"4110","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"糖尿病尿毒症想做胰肾联合手术","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">女,56岁。糖尿病6年，高血压，眼底出血视网膜病变视力下降。尿毒症两个月。早晚注射胰岛素。一周三次血透。（透析一个月 大小便正常）</span></p><p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">想做胰肾手术看看适合做成功率多少</span></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1033","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"4500","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"糖尿病，最近有了并发症尿毒症","content":"<p><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, Helvetica, &#39;microsoft yahei&#39;, simsun, arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);\">爷爷之前是糖尿病，最近查出糖尿病病发症，尿毒症。在达州透析，一周两次，想做漏透析，达州做不了，请问附近哪家可以做？</span></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1032","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"2647","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"关爱肾脏,远离尿毒症","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486395965190.jpg\" title=\"1486395965190.jpg\" alt=\"20130928113801-2014794721.jpg\"/></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　日常生活中,人们对“尿毒症”的恐惧不亚于肿瘤。其实就目前来讲,尿毒症并没有那么可怕,虽然不能治愈,但是可以治疗并维持相当高的生活质量。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"color:#ffffff\">中国论文网 http://www.xzbu.com/6/view-2786965.htm</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　尿毒症,肾衰终末期&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　一般来讲,各种慢性肾脏疾病如果得不到良好的控制,都会影响到肾功能,逐渐发展到慢性肾衰竭(CRF)。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　医学定义中的尿毒症,是特指慢性肾衰竭的患者在肾功能恶化到一定程度后即进入尿毒症期(表1),它又可分为尿毒症早期和尿毒症晚期。2002年美国肾脏病基金会肾脏病病人生存质量指导(K/DOQI)提出新的慢性肾脏病分期(CKD分期)。根据不同慢性肾脏病患者的肾小球滤过率(GFR)水平,统一分为5期,而过去尿毒症患者的概念主要对应慢性肾脏病分期中的4~5期。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　慢性肾衰到尿毒症,不可避免但可控制&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　总体上讲,慢性肾衰竭到尿毒症的发展不可逆转,但其发展速度受很多因素影响,并非不可控制。因此,临床治疗中(尤其是早中期阶段)应抓住机会积极控制危险因素,争取病情好转。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　主要的危险因素包括高血压、蛋白尿、高血糖、低蛋白血症、吸烟等。此外,少量研究提示,贫血、高脂血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症、营养不良、老年、尿毒症毒素(如甲基胍、甲状旁腺激素、酚类)蓄积等,也可能起一定作用。在慢性肾衰发展过程中,肾功能可能出现急性加重,甚至迅速进展至尿毒症并威胁患者生命。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　阶段不同,症状各异&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　在慢性肾衰竭的不同阶段,其临床表现也各不相同。在代偿期和失代偿早期,患者可以无任何症状,或仅有乏力、腰酸、夜尿增多等轻度不适;少数患者可有食欲减退、代谢性酸中毒及轻度贫血。中期以后,上述症状更趋明显。到晚期尿毒症时,可出现急性心衰、严重高钾血症、消化道出血、中枢神经系统障碍、内分泌系统功能紊乱等,甚至有生命危险。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　及时治疗,延缓进展&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　对轻、中度慢性肾衰竭要及时进行治疗,尽可能延缓其进展,防止尿毒症的发生。其基本对策是:&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　坚持病因治疗&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　如对高血压肾病、糖尿病肾病、肾小球肾炎等,坚持长期合理治疗。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　避免或消除慢性肾衰急剧恶化的危险因素&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　①原发疾病(如慢性肾小球肾炎、高血压病、糖尿病、缺血性肾病等)复发或加重;②血容量不足(低血压、脱水、大出血或休克等);③肾脏局部血供急剧减少(如肾动脉狭窄患者应用ACEI类降血压药物);④严重高血压未能控制;⑤肾毒性药物;⑥泌尿道梗阻;⑦严重感染;⑧其他:高钙血症、严重肝功不全等。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　阻断或抑制肾单位损害渐进性发展的各种途径,保护健存肾单位&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　对患者血压、血糖、尿蛋白定量、血肌酐上升幅度、GFR下降幅度、营养状况等指标,都应当控制在 “理想范围”。血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)具有良好降压作用,还有独特的降低高滤过、减轻蛋白尿的作用,同时也有抗氧化、减轻肾小球基底膜损害等作用,是目前公认的慢性肾衰竭治疗药物。此外,要针对患者贫血、电解质紊乱、骨质破坏、水肿等进行相应对症治疗。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　替代疗法&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　当慢性肾衰患者发展到尿毒症晚期,经药物治疗不能缓解时,则应进行肾脏替代治疗。目前,替代治疗的手段包括血液透析、腹膜透析和肾移植。肾移植无疑是最理想的治疗手段,移植成功后患者可以恢复正常的肾功能,基本和正常人一样。但受到肾脏来源和移植排斥的限制,目前能接受肾移植的患者仍是少数。透析中血液透析和腹膜透析的疗效相近,各有优缺点,临床应用可互为补充。但透析疗法仅可部分替代肾的排泄功能,而不能代替其内分泌和代谢功能。未来最理想的方法是利用基因工程克隆出自己的肾脏进行替换,既安全又有效,还有待进一步研究。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　预防,永远摆在第一位&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　不管什么疾病,预防都是放在第一位的,尿毒症也不例外。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　控制危险因素&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　尽量控制慢性肾脏病的危险因素,包括控制血压、血糖、血脂、高尿酸等,避免服用肾毒性药物,及早发现早期肾病。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　常规检查&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　在每年常规体检时,加入尿常规、肾功能、肾脏B超这三大检查项目,结合血压等一般项目综合判断,能有效检出大部分肾脏病患者。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　高危人群定期检查&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　病史在5年以上的糖尿病患者、高血压患者、常年服用含马兜铃酸等中药的患者、使用某些抗生素及消炎镇痛药的患者、结缔组织病患者及有肾脏病病史的人都属于肾脏病的高危人群,更需要定期复查尿常规。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　一旦发现患有肾脏疾病,应及时到正规医院就诊。我们相信,在全社会共同努力下,战胜“尿毒症”将不只是梦想!&nbsp;</span></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1029","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":3},{"id":"2262","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"专家带你解读尿毒症","content":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486395265879.jpg\" title=\"1486395265879.jpg\" alt=\"2620_160311113623_1.jpg\"/></p><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　医生手记：患者张某，男，43岁。近一个月以来经常感到头痛、头晕、食欲不振、心慌气短、平卧喘憋、甚至出现全身乏力、轻度水肿等症状。后在家属的陪伴下到医院就医，经医生询问病史后才得知，该患者患有慢性肾小球肾炎已经有十余年。后经化验检查发现，该患血肌酐、血尿素氮明显高于正常；血常规显示为中度贫血；尿液检查发现较多的颗粒管型和透明管型，24小时尿量600～800ml左右(正常人24小时尿量应是800ml以上)；胸片见双肺纹理增粗；心影增大；B超提示双肾体积明显小于正常，静脉肾盂造影见双肾不显影。后经专家们会诊，确诊该患者患有慢性肾小球肾炎、慢性肾功能衰竭(尿毒症)。后来，张某经过保守治疗症状没有得到改善，不得已最后决定做血液透析治疗，择期肾移植手术。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"color:#ffffff\">中国论文网 http://www.xzbu.com/6/view-2671828.htm</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　那么，什么是尿毒症?慢性肾小球肾炎又是怎样发展成慢性肾功能衰竭的呢?慢性肾功能衰竭为什么会如此凶险，最后需要做肾移植手术呢?下面，我们来听听专家是怎么说的。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　什么是尿毒症呢?&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　尿毒症又称为慢性肾功能衰竭，确切地说它并不是一种疾病，而是一组综合征，是由各种疾病引起的慢性肾损害使肾功能逐渐丧失、从而导致体内有毒的代谢产物不能排出体外，水、电解质紊乱、酸碱平衡失调引起的一系列全身中毒症状，故俗称尿毒症。其病情进展缓慢、不可逆转，所以预后极差。肾脏相当于一个滤过器，把人体内代谢所产生的废物、多余的水分排出体外，同时调节电解质和酸碱平衡，为体内的新陈代谢和正常的生理活动提供一个所必需的环境。使参与人体正常代谢、赖以维持生命运动的各种离子、糖类及蛋白质保持在一个稳定的，合理的状态，从而保证体内各种生理活动的顺利进行。当肾脏由于疾病等原因引起肾功能严重减退到一定程度，不能满足上述需要时，机体内就出现了一系列中毒及紊乱现象，表现为全身各系统病理改变。临床上称为慢性尿毒症。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　引起慢性尿毒症的原因有很多种，如慢性肾小球肾炎；慢性肾盂肾炎；泌尿系统结石，梗阻、结核；先天性疾病，如多囊肾、马蹄肾、输尿管囊肿、海棉肾等；以及外伤或放射性损伤。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　其次很多全身性疾病也可以导致肾损害引起肾功能衰竭，如①糖尿病、高血压均可以使肾小动脉硬化，肾小球萎缩，肾皮质变薄，肾功能减退以致肾功能衰竭。②免疫性疾病及过敏性疾病，如过敏性紫癜、系统性红斑狼疮肾损害等均可损伤肾脏功能导致慢性尿毒症。③中毒性肾损害，如肾毒性药物、生物毒素、化学毒物都能使肾脏功能减退甚至肾衰，例如氨基甙类药物、蛇毒、重金属如汞、砷都可引起慢性肾功能衰竭。④其他如放射损伤、神经损伤引起的神经膀胱、临近器官的肿瘤压迫，后腹膜疾病侵犯输尿管引起的梗阻，还有少数急性肾衰恢复不佳的病人有时可反复发作导致慢性肾功能衰竭。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　慢性尿毒症有哪些症状?&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　由于慢性尿毒症是全身多脏器受损，所以临床表现多种多样：&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　水电解质代谢紊乱　慢性肾功能衰竭时肾脏调节水及电解质的功能减退或紊乱引起一系列症状，如水肿，高血压，肺水肿、脑水肿，尤其是高血钾可直接导致病人死亡。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　酸中毒　这是慢性肾功能衰竭的典型症状，主要是肾小管的排酸功能下降所致。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　其他中毒症状&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　消化道症状：由于消化道水肿、贫血、氨产生的过多，都可以引起恶心、呕吐、间断腹泻，严重者可引起消化道出血。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　心血管系统：高血压、尿毒症性心包炎、尿毒症性心肌病等都可以引起心衰。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　呼吸系统：由于肺淤血、水肿导致肺毛细血管通透性增加，出现呼吸困难、咳泡沫痰、可听到湿罗音，有时咳血痰。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　血液系统：骨髓抑制引起造血功能障碍，表现为贫血、出血倾向、常有牙龈出血、皮下淤血、呕血便血等。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　神经系统：大部分尿毒症病人有神经系统的病变，表现为双下肢感觉异常，如针刺感、麻木、不适、肌力下降、晚期可有惊厥或癫痫。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　骨骼及运动系统：由于钙、磷和维生素D代谢障碍，肠道吸收减少，引起肾性骨病，如骨软化、病理性骨折及骨硬化症等。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　皮肤表现：皮肤瘙痒是最常见的症状，另外还有皮肤干燥，少数病人可见皮肤有白色尿素霜。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　性腺功能障碍：女性可有月经减少、月经不规则甚至闭经，男性可有阳痿、少精、血浆睾酮降低。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　免疫系统：免疫功能低下，感染及肿瘤发病率高于其他人群。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　代谢异常：蛋白质，碳水化合物及脂肪代谢均不正常。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　那么，患了慢性尿毒症又将如何治疗呢?&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　一般治疗延缓肾功能损害和对症治疗。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　饮食　低蛋白、低磷、适当的热量供给。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　控制高血压　目的是延缓肾功能衰竭速度、保护残存的肾功能。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　口服药物　氧化淀粉可在肠道吸附降低尿素氮达30％。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　治疗肾性骨病　控制高血磷，纠正低血钙、补充维生素D。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　纠正肾性贫血　适当补充造血物质如叶酸、铁剂，必要时肌注促红细胞生成素。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　透析治疗　有腹膜透析和血液透析两种，前者操作简单，对医院及医生要求低，安全，经济，但效果不如血液透析。而血液透析对医院和医生均有较高要求，设备相对复杂，治疗费用高，但效果好。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　肾移植　这是治疗慢性肾功能衰竭比较有效的方法之一，而且随着近来抗排斥药物的改进，效果越来越好，但是此手术对医院要求更高，并且受到肾源的限制，目前能及时得到肾移植手术的病人是慢性尿毒症病人中的极少数。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　如何预防慢性尿毒症?&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　及时治疗原发病，如肾小球肾炎、高血压、糖尿病等可以有效地预防或减少慢性功能衰竭的发生。&nbsp;</span><br/><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">　　总之，慢性尿毒症是一种慢性病，不能自愈，治疗方法相对少，效果相对差。目前国内外还没有治愈的具体措施，所以慢性尿毒症的预防也就尤其关键。</span></p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1028","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2},{"id":"5561","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"尿毒症女孩拒父亲割肾 ","content":"<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;山东东营，</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">15</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">岁女孩李明月患尿毒症，透析</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">237</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">次，被扎</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">500</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">针，护士说她很坚强，从来不喊疼。她听说父亲决定割肾救治自己时，表示拒绝，因为&ldquo;爸爸要是出事，我家没法过了，要是我出事就没事了，就不用花钱了&rdquo;。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\"><img title=\"尿毒症女孩拒父亲割肾 \" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1503153779604.jpeg\" alt=\"尿毒症女孩拒父亲割肾 \" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">关于此事相关网友评论如下：</span></strong></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">芷于流沙：想起来我</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">13</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">岁第一次来大姨妈时，以为得了尿毒症，</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">[</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">悲伤</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">]</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">自己在被窝里痛哭了两三天，还写好了遗书，当时也懂一点这方面的知识了，以前以为月经都是红色，我当时前两天都是黑不拉几的一点点的血，过了三天变成红色的血了，才知道来了月经，说实话当我以为得了尿毒症时候，那种心情。。。</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">你贝爷还是你贝爷：尿毒症救不了</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">现实就是这么残忍</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">我姑妈</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">05</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">年患尿毒症整个病房的患者全部死了</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">她还活着</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">原因就是我姑爹有钱</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">但是这</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">12</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">年来</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">就是活死人</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">生不如死</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp; </span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">只要你有钱医院可以抱住生命的延续</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">不能让人好起来</span> <span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">啥意义都没有</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">鱼悸草：我舅就有尿毒症，真的觉得他很痛苦，每周都得做透析</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">(</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">就是把体内有毒的血液抽掉，因为无法自己更换血液，肾的排毒解毒作用发挥不了</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">)</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">，换肾代价太高，而且风险也大</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">[</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">悲伤</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">]</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">患上这种病，不能出去工作</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">(</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">连走路都走不了太久</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">)</span><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体;\">，因为整个人特难受，一些情况下真的走一步都是一种艰难</span></p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; line-height: 200%;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","barId":"1937","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1026","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":2}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"2195","isDel":0,"createAt":1486395513580,"createBy":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"期缘","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"623d560be20c11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"尿毒症有什么现象","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img title=\"1486396173060.jpg\" src=\"http://01luntan.com/ly_img/uimgs/1486396173060.jpg\" alt=\"2620_160311113623_1.jpg\" /></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　在众多的肾脏病患者中，有不少病人肾脏功能衰竭进入尿毒症期(简称为肾衰)而不自知，从而未能得到及时、合理的治疗。有些人甚至自觉身体&ldquo;一向健康&rdquo;，一旦发病，医生告诉他已是尿毒症时，自己愕然，家人愕然，不敢相信、不肯接受这一事实。尿毒症有什么现象如何及早发现?&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">中国论文网 http://www.xzbu.com/6/view-2877409.htm</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　肾脏有强大的潜在代偿能力，因而肾功能在罹病而逐渐减退时，仍能承担人体的基本功能，因此，患者自觉&ldquo;一切正常&rdquo;。当肾脏损坏日渐增多，代偿力随之衰竭，最后不胜负荷而全线崩溃时，生命已处于危险之中。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　其实，尿毒症的发生和发展，必然有一个逐渐加重的过程。这个过程有时尽管十分隐蔽，但也必然有不少&ldquo;蛛丝马迹&rdquo;可以寻找。对于一个重视自己身体的&ldquo;有心人&rdquo;，只要善于发现这些不显眼的迹象，到医院检查尿液和血液，便知底蕴了。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　&ldquo;蛛丝马迹&rdquo;在哪里?请细看其详。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　乏力&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　乏力可能是很早的表现，但最容易被忽视，因为引起乏力的原因太多了。特别是那些在事业上&ldquo;全力搏杀&rdquo;的人，大多将之归咎于工作紧张和劳累。若稍加休息而症状好转，则更易误导。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　面色苍黄&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　这是由于贫血所致。由于这种表现发生和发展十分缓慢，因而在一段不太短的时间内不会出现明显的&ldquo;反差&rdquo;，就像人们在正常的相处中，难以发现各种缓慢发展的变化一样。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　浮肿&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　浮肿是一个比较易于发现的表现。但由于开始时间歇出现而且症状较轻，也可能未能引起患者注意。常见症状是:早晨起床时，眼睑浮肿，午后消退；劳累时，双脚浮肿，休息后消失，这常被误为过劳的现象而被忽略；若发展到持续性或全身性浮肿时，已是病不轻了。&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: #ffffff;\">　　胃口不佳&nbsp;</span><br /><span style=\"font-family: Arial, 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background-color: 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