有些人天气暖和，温湿度适宜的时候，鼻子、口腔、咽部不会难受，而一入冬，就开始 咳嗽气喘，甚至得了肺炎，这是怎么回事?
肺炎球菌寄居在人的气道里，在外部温湿度适宜的情况下，这种菌与人体相安无事，当外部温度发生改变，空气变冷，湿度下降时 ，就会开始“造反”。尤其是人体的免疫力下降时，肺炎、老慢支等呼吸系统疾病就特别容 易复发。有些人一早醒来，咽干口渴，鼻子难受，出门再被寒风一吹，马上就会感冒，就是这个道理。
因此，入冬保健，专家认为，首当其冲的就是要“保水”，防干燥。
很多人有早晨醒来之后喝水的习惯，为的是促进新陈代谢。钟院士提出，对付冬季干燥，除了坚持早晨喝水的习惯外，在每次餐前也应该适量喝一点水，不仅可以缓解咽干 ，而且可以起到刺激胃肠消化功能的作用。可以大口喝，但要小口咽，让水有慢慢滋润咽 部的感觉。
还一些老办法也值得提倡。比如在室内放几盆清水，可以有效保持室内湿度，预防呼吸系统疾病。
此外，专家还提出了几个入冬后保护呼吸道的建议：
注意足部保暖。足部着凉，全身血液循环不畅，会引起鼻、咽、气管等上呼吸道疾病。所以，无论幼儿还是老人，睡前都应该用热水泡脚，稍做按摩，可以预防呼吸道感染 。
不要在室内抽烟。大人不要在室内吸烟，即使孩子不在家时也要做到不抽烟，因为烟味会附着在室内，等孩子回来，依然会伤害他的呼吸道。
哮喘病的患者我们在生活中见的不少，也有一些孩子患上了这个病，小儿哮喘往往折磨这孩子，并使其不能健康正常健康的成长，因为此病终年发作或长期应用肾上腺皮质激素，就有可能因为缺氧或皮质激素的抑制蛋白合成等作用而对儿童的生长发育带来较大影响。因此日常生活中做好预防成为首要任务。
\n预防小儿哮喘，日常生活中应注意什么？
\n一、降低室内相对湿度：
\n控制湿度比控制温度更容易，将相对湿度控制在50%以下，是控制螨及其过敏源水平最常用的方法。相对湿度连续在40%～50%下，即使温度在25～34℃时，5～11天内成年螨也会因脱水死亡。室内可使用高性能吸湿机或空调降低相对湿度，并经常清洗或更换空调积尘罩或网，减少尘螨滋生。
\n二、使用特殊的防螨材料包装床垫和枕头：
\n理想的包装材料应是舒适、透气的织物，可渗透蒸气，并能阻止螨和螨过敏原通过。购买枕头和床垫包装材料时，织物的孔径非常重要。幼螨的宽度一般大于50微米，织物小于或等于20微米可阻止所有螨通过。高质量的羽绒枕头、羽绒被、羽绒服由于其表面覆盖的织物很致密，可以阻挡人体的皮屑，阻止尘螨进入和尘螨在里面繁殖。
\n三、注意卫生：
\n床上用品的清洗、烘干和干洗：座罩、枕套、毛毯、床垫套等至少每3周以内用等于或高于55℃热水洗一次，可杀死螨和去掉大多数螨过敏原。绝大多数螨过敏原是水溶性的，用温水或冷水清洗可除去，但绝大多数螨不能被杀死。烘干机干燥衣服要大于55℃，10分钟以上可以杀死所有的螨。
\n四、地毯、窗帘和家庭软装饰物要勤更换、清洗：
\n这些物品积聚了碎屑残片和保持潮湿，为螨繁殖提供了理想栖息地。在潮湿地区应不用地毯，窗(布)帘或遮光帘，应换为百叶窗。家庭装饰织物应换为乙烯树脂或皮革垫，家具可用木制家具。地毯应该每周真空吸尘一次，并经常更换吸尘器袋。常规真空吸尘可去除表面的螨和过敏原，但不能显著减少活螨的数量，也不能去除深藏的过敏原。切忌用蒸汽清洁地毯，这样会残留水分，反而促进螨生长。
\n五、不在室内饲养猫、狗等宠物：
\n小动物的身体有合适的温度、湿度，大量的皮屑也是尘螨丰富的食物来源，它们身体上滋生着大量的螨，并可携带到室内各个角落，到处传播。
\n温馨提示：人们都知道，家里有高血压病人要准备一个血压计，每天监测血压。而有糖尿病人的家庭要用血糖仪监测血糖。同样，哮喘病人需要并且也可以在家里自我监测哮喘。哮喘病人需要使用峰流速仪检测风流速值。
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女,7个月。宝宝躺着发声时就干咳，吃完奶把头甩开后，再次把乳头放她嘴边时就干呕和干咳！没有其他症状，吃睡精神都可以，之前腹泻带去医院听过心肺好的，但是回来后第二天出现这种情况，好担心
","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1020","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"3489","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"求助 谢谢","content":"男,11岁。全身强直 失神发作 头痛 一次发作数秒至十余秒 意识清楚，是癫痫吗，哪里看的好
","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1019","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"4294","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":"宝宝肺炎什么症状 肺炎有哪些表现","content":"我们都清楚，宝宝患上肺炎的几率比较大，这个病困扰着很多家长，因此，掌握一些宝宝肺炎的症状是很有必要的，因为说不定以后就会用得到，到时候就不会一问三不知了。想知道宝宝肺炎的早期症状以及宝宝肺炎的治疗方法吗？那就一起来看看吧。
\n宝宝肺炎什么症状
\n1.寒战、高热
\n宝宝肺炎的起病比较的急，自然病程7～10天。突然寒战、高热，体温高达39℃～40℃，头痛、全身肌肉酸软。
\n2.咳嗽、咳痰
\n早期为刺激性干咳，继而咯出白色黏液痰或带血丝痰，1～2天后，可咯出黏液血性痰、铁锈色痰、脓性痰，消散期痰量增多，痰黄而稀薄。
\n3.胸痛
\n常有剧烈胸痛，呈针刺样，随咳嗽或深呼吸而加重，可向肩或腹部放射。下叶肺炎可刺激隔胸膜引起腹痛，可被误诊为急腹症。
\n4.呼吸困难
\n因肺实变致通气不足、气体交换障碍、动脉血氧饱和度降低而出现发绀、胸痛、呼吸困难。
\n5.其他症状
\n少数有恶心、呕吐、腹胀或腹泻等胃肠道症状，重症时可出现神志模糊、烦躁、嗜睡、昏迷等。
\n如何判断孩子是否得了肺炎
\n1、一查呼吸
\n当孩子有肺炎了的时候，情况较为严重的时候，会出现咳嗽，气喘，甚至会伴有呼吸困难。呼吸困难会表现在憋气，口唇发紫。在这个情况下，孩子的病情就是已经非常的严重了，父母们也还不能再拖延了，要及时的将孩子送完正规的医院进行治疗，及时的给孩子治疗。
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引起新生儿黄疸的原因主要有：生理原因有些胎儿在出生后第2～3日出现黄疸，第4～6日最重，随着肝脏功能的逐渐健全，黄疸通常在出生后的10～14日消退，个别有延误到20日以后者，属于生理现象。血型不合有的胎儿出生24小时以内出现黄疸，且持续不退。这种黄疸多是母子血型不合造成的。当胎儿的血液是rh因子阳性，而母亲的血液是rh因子阴性时，新生儿易发生溶血而出现黄疸。此种黄疸较严重，一般不会自然消退，而需换血、光照疗法或输白蛋白治疗。先天性胆道闭锁本病是一种少见的先天性畸形，黄疸乃因胚胎发育异常造成的胆道闭锁或狭窄，胆汁不能排泄或排泄不畅所致。黄疸的特点是出生不久即发生，呈进行性加重，全身皮肤深桔黄色，尿布被尿液染黄后用清水常冲洗不掉。此病预后恶劣，应早期手术。全身性巨细胞性包涵体病本病病源是细胞巨病毒，由无症状的带病毒孕妇通过胎盘感染胎儿。新生儿在出生一个月内出现黄疸、精神不振、咳嗽、肝脾肿大、消化不良和生长停滞等，应考虑是本病。败血症新生儿因免疫功能不健全抵抗力低下，易患脐带感染而发生败血症，败血症可并发中毒性肝炎或肝脓肿而出现黄疸。新生儿黄疸如超过一个月黄疸不消退，则应到医院儿科看病，以便正确判断和及时处理。
","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1015","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4},{"id":"4938","isDel":0,"createAt":0,"createBy":null,"createName":null,"updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":null,"title":" 妈妈坚持做童趣早餐 做饭一小时，拍照修图三小时，吃完只需要五分钟","content":"杭州的庞女士四年前怀上了二胎，为了弥补对女儿的爱，她想到为孩子做卡通早餐。由于要想创意弄造型，有时她会从头天晚上就开始准备。她说，“没有办法让孩子永远活在童话和美好里，却能把它们变成食物呈现在餐桌上。”
\n对此，相关网友如下评论：
\n发酵的面团团 ： 做饭一小时，拍照修图三小时，吃完只需要五分钟
浅怀 ： 这位母亲您还缺孩子吗，不哭也不闹，只知道吃那种
滴水湖湖湖湖：我怎么觉得是她自己在满足一些什么，而不见得是孩子本身需要
hyun：脏兮兮的浪费食材，精神过于旺盛？
ISS大大驴：讲真我觉得手摸来摸去 其实蛮脏的
旭姐殷旭：一份单纯的母爱被各种解读，无言以对
我就尴尬的笑笑：好看并不一定好吃 倒数二张图看了莫名其妙的心里别扭 就是为了晒？
","barId":"1708","topicTypeId":null,"topicThemeId":"1013","readLevel":0,"files":"","clickNoLikeCount":0,"clickLikeCount":0,"clickCount":0,"score":0,"partCount":0,"replayCount":0,"publishStatus":0,"publishTime":0,"isCream":null,"canReply":0,"shareUrl":null,"foodCouponVal":0,"emailNotice":0,"permission":0,"zlyShare":0,"status":0,"sort":0,"highlight":0,"highlightEffectTime":0,"digest":0,"digestEffectTime":0,"top":0,"topEffectTime":0,"closed":0,"stamp":0,"icon":0,"bgcolor":null,"fontcolor":null,"favtimes":0,"isAdopt":0,"adoptId":null,"sortDate":0,"metaSearch":null,"rn":4}],"pageObj":{"list":[],"list4Map":null,"pageBegin":0,"pageSize":5,"pageNumber":0,"totalPage":0,"totalRow":0},"loginUser":null,"replies":[],"forumUserFans":null,"herfList":[],"only":"0","topic":{"id":"2379","isDel":0,"createAt":1486643356673,"createBy":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","createName":"小海螺","updateAt":0,"updateBy":null,"updateName":null,"userId":"b1a5ca4ddfad11e6a61c00163e04584d","title":"怎么饮食可以控制小儿哮喘的复发","content":"
对于哮喘疾病，我们大家都是很熟悉的，如果发生了此病以后，患者对外界的环境要求很高，如果一些环境不好的情况下，患者就很容易发病，特别是一些孩子，发作的时候会感到呼吸困难，需要及时用药缓解病情，并且在日常还应该注意食疗，针对性的食疗是有助于病情康复的。
\n(1)患儿可多吃一些润肺化痰的食物如百合、白木耳、柑橘、萝卜、梨、藕、蜂蜜、猕猴桃等。
\n(2)哮喘发作时出汗多，进食少，使患儿失去较多的水分。所以患儿要多饮水，还有利于稀释痰液，使痰易排出。
\n(3)补充足够的优质蛋白质，以满足炎症修复及营养补充，如蛋类、牛奶、瘦肉、鱼等。脂肪类食品不宜进食过多。
\n(4)增加含维生素多的食品，如各种水果、蔬菜。因为维生素A可以增强机体抗病能力，维生素B和C可促进肺部炎症吸收。
\n(5)镁、钙有减少过敏的作用。可多食海带、芝麻、花生、核桃、豆制品、绿叶蔬菜等含镁、钙丰富的食品。
\n(6)食物不宜过咸、不宜过甜、不宜过腻、不宜过于刺激。具体视个人过敏情况而定。
\n小儿性哮喘的鉴别诊断方法
\n1.小儿哮喘患儿反复发作喘息、气急、胸闷或咳嗽。
\n2.发作时在双肺可闻及散在或弥漫性以呼气相为主的哮鸣音，呼气相延长。
\n3.上述症状和体征可经治疗缓解或自行缓解。
\n4.其他疾病所引起的喘息、气急、胸闷和咳嗽。
\n5.临床表现不典型者(如无明显喘息或体征)，可作支气管激发试验或运动激发试验阳性。
\n关于小儿哮喘在发生以后，我们大家在饮食上应该注意的一些事项，已经介绍的很清楚了，科学合理的饮食对小儿哮喘病人来说是很重要的，要想彻底治愈小儿哮喘，需要经过很长一段时间的治疗，所以要有恒心。
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